CN114553419B - Quantum identity authentication method and system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantum identity authentication method and a system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution, comprising the following steps: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system; acquiring a bit string K a of the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s; the user side calculates a binary bit string K ID by using an authentication base K b formed by the binary bit string K a and a binary bit string with the length of N, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel; the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates and obtains a binary bit string K ' ID by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N; the correlation of K ID、K′ID calculated by the user terminal and the authentication center is calculated, and whether the user terminal is a legal user or not is judged; after successful authentication, the unused binary bit string with the length of N from N+1 in the authentication key K s is used as a binary identity authentication base in the next stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a communication identity authentication method, in particular to a quantum identity authentication method and system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Background
The continuous development of communication technology makes the communication of human society break through the limitation of time region, greatly accelerates the information transfer efficiency, and is convenient for our life. However, people enjoy the convenience brought by the communication system and worry about the safety of communication, and in the age that the information is a resource, the confidentiality of the information is particularly important. Most of the current encryption information modes are basically based on the complexity of computation, but with the rapid improvement of the computing capacity of people, particularly the occurrence of quantum computing theory, the security of the traditional encryption mode is seriously threatened. In order to solve the threat, quantum communication encrypted by quantum cryptography is increasingly paid attention to as a method for guaranteeing information security by relying on the physical principle of quantum mechanics.
The current implementation mode of quantum cryptography communication mainly comprises two modes of discrete variable technology and continuous variable technology. In recent years, continuous variable technology is widely focused at home and abroad because of good advantages in terms of channel capacity, good fusion with the existing optical communication, background light interference resistance and the like. However, most of the existing identity authentication schemes are proposed based on discrete variable technology, and the current research is concentrated on quantum key distribution, and the continuous variable quantum identity authentication is still studied.
The invention discloses an identity authentication system and method based on a quantum key, wherein the system comprises a user side, an authentication server side, a quantum network, a classical network, a user side and an authentication server side.
The brand new continuous variable quantum identity authentication protocol provided by the invention can be based on the existing Gaussian modulation coherent state Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) with unconditional security, can realize the identity authentication of a user and the key distribution and updating at the same time, has unconditional security which is not possessed by other CVQIA protocols, and simultaneously reduces the application cost of the protocol based on the existing mature CVQKD protocol. The invention has important significance to the basic theory and the practical application of the quantum cryptography.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quantum identity authentication method and system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution.
The quantum identity authentication method based on continuous variable quantum key distribution provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
Step S1: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s,Ks through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system to be a binary bit string with the length more than or equal to 2N;
Step S2: acquiring the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s to obtain a binary bit string K a with the length of N; the user side calculates a group of binary bit strings K ID with the length of N by using the binary bit strings K a and an authentication base K b which is formed by the binary bit strings with the length of N and is shared before authentication starts, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel;
Step S3: the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates a group of binary bit strings K ' ID with the length of N by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit strings K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N;
Step S4: calculating the correlation of the binary bit strings K ID、K′ID obtained by the calculation of the user side and the authentication center respectively, and judging whether the user side is a legal user or not based on the correlation;
step S5: after successful authentication, the user side and the authentication center use the unused binary bit string with the length of N from N+1 in the authentication key K s as a binary identity authentication base of the next stage.
Preferably, the step S1 employs: in the user side and the authentication center, the authentication key sharing is performed by using a Gaussian modulation coherent state continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol.
Preferably, the step S2 employs: the bits in the same position in the binary bit string K a and the authentication base K b are subjected to exclusive OR operation to obtain N binary bits, and the N binary bits form a new binary bit string K ID with the length of N.
Preferably, the step S3 employs: exclusive or operation is carried out on the bits at the same position in the authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N to obtain binary bits with the length of N, and each binary bit of N forms a new binary bit string K ' ID with the length of N.
Preferably, the step S4 employs:
step S4.1: setting a correlation function and a threshold T according to the operating equipment and the communication channel condition;
Step S4.2: comparing an authentication private key K' ID of the authentication center with a receiving private key K ID, calculating a correlation R, comparing the correlation R with a threshold T, and judging that the authentication is successful and the identity is legal when R is more than T; otherwise, judging that the authentication fails.
The invention provides a quantum identity authentication system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution, which comprises the following components:
Module M1: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s,Ks through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system to be a binary bit string with the length more than or equal to 2N;
Module M2: acquiring the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s to obtain a binary bit string K a with the length of N; the user side calculates a group of binary bit strings K ID with the length of N by using the binary bit strings K a and an authentication base K b which is formed by the binary bit strings with the length of N and is shared before authentication starts, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel;
Module M3: the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates a group of binary bit strings K ' ID with the length of N by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit strings K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N;
Module M4: calculating the correlation of the binary bit strings K ID、K′ID obtained by the calculation of the user side and the authentication center respectively, and judging whether the user side is a legal user or not based on the correlation;
Module M5: after successful authentication, the user side and the authentication center use the unused binary bit string with the length of N from N+1 in the authentication key K s as a binary identity authentication base of the next stage.
Preferably, the module M1 employs: in the user side and the authentication center, the authentication key sharing is performed by using a Gaussian modulation coherent state continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol.
Preferably, the module M2 employs: the bits in the same position in the binary bit string K a and the authentication base K b are subjected to exclusive OR operation to obtain N binary bits, and the N binary bits form a new binary bit string K ID with the length of N.
Preferably, the module M3 employs: exclusive or operation is carried out on the bits at the same position in the authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N to obtain binary bits with the length of N, and each binary bit of N forms a new binary bit string K ' ID with the length of N.
Preferably, the module M4 employs:
module M4.1: setting a correlation function and a threshold T according to the operating equipment and the communication channel condition;
Module M4.2: comparing an authentication private key K' ID of the authentication center with a receiving private key K ID, calculating a correlation R, comparing the correlation R with a threshold T, and judging that the authentication is successful and the identity is legal when R is more than T; otherwise, judging that the authentication fails.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention is based on the existing continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme, realizes the identity authentication of the user and the key distribution and updating, and has unconditional security which is not possessed by other CVQIA protocols;
2. The invention is based on the existing mature CVQKD protocol, and can be constructed by only adjusting related software without independently constructing a new hardware system, so that the application cost of the CVQKD protocol is reduced;
3. The invention can also use other CVQKD protocols with security to perform similar operation according to specific application scenes, and the identity authentication scheme has good application flexibility.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of communication between a client and an authentication center according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The quantum identity authentication method based on continuous variable quantum key distribution provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s,Ks through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system to be a binary bit string with the length more than or equal to 2N; the first N lengths are used for calculation, the length of N+1 to 2N is selected to update the authentication base K b, and the rest lengths are negligible;
Specifically, the step S1 employs: and in the user side and the authentication center, any Gaussian modulation coherent state continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol with unconditional security is used for identity authentication.
Step S2: acquiring the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s to obtain a binary bit string K a with the length of N; the user side calculates a group of binary bit strings K ID with the length of N by using the binary bit strings K a and an authentication base K b which is formed by the binary bit strings with the length of N and is shared before authentication starts, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel;
Specifically, the step S2 employs: the bits in the same position in the binary bit string K a and the authentication base K b are subjected to exclusive OR operation to obtain N binary bits, and the N binary bits form a new binary bit string K ID with the length of N.
Step S3: after receiving the K ID sent by the user terminal, the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates a group of binary bit strings K ' ID with the length of N by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit strings K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N; specifically, the information is lost in the process of sharing through the channel, and if the information is changed due to eavesdropping, the phenomenon that the information before sharing and the information after sharing are different may exist, and the calculated results of the two are not necessarily identical.
Specifically, the step S3 employs: exclusive or operation is carried out on the bits at the same position in the authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N to obtain binary bits with the length of N, and each binary bit of N forms a new binary bit string K ' ID with the length of N.
Step S4: calculating the correlation of the binary bit strings K ID、K′ID obtained by the calculation of the user side and the authentication center respectively, and judging whether the user side is a legal user or not based on the correlation;
Specifically, the step S4 employs:
step S4.1: setting a correlation function and a threshold T according to the operating equipment and the communication channel condition;
Step S4.2: comparing an authentication private key K' ID of the authentication center with a receiving private key K ID, calculating a correlation R, comparing the correlation R with a threshold T, and judging that the authentication is successful and the identity is legal when R is more than T; otherwise, judging that the authentication fails.
Step S5: after successful authentication, the user side and the authentication center use the unused binary bit string with the length of N from N+1 in the authentication key K s as a binary identity authentication base of the next stage.
According to the invention, as shown in fig. 1, a quantum identity authentication system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution comprises:
Module M1: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s,Ks through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system to be a binary bit string with the length more than or equal to 2N; the first N lengths are used for calculation, the length of N+1 to 2N is selected to update the authentication base K b, and the rest lengths are negligible;
Specifically, the module M1 employs: and in the user side and the authentication center, any Gaussian modulation coherent state continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol with unconditional security is used for identity authentication.
Module M2: acquiring the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s to obtain a binary bit string K a with the length of N; the user side calculates a group of binary bit strings K ID with the length of N by using the binary bit strings K a and an authentication base K b which is formed by the binary bit strings with the length of N and is shared before authentication starts, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel;
Specifically, the module M2 employs: the bits in the same position in the binary bit string K a and the authentication base K b are subjected to exclusive OR operation to obtain N binary bits, and the N binary bits form a new binary bit string K ID with the length of N.
Module M3: after receiving the K ID sent by the user terminal, the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates a group of binary bit strings K ' ID with the length of N by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit strings K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N; specifically, the information is lost in the process of sharing through the channel, and if the information is changed due to eavesdropping, the phenomenon that the information before sharing and the information after sharing are different may exist, and the calculated results of the two are not necessarily identical.
Specifically, the module M3 employs: exclusive or operation is carried out on the bits at the same position in the authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N to obtain binary bits with the length of N, and each binary bit of N forms a new binary bit string K ' ID with the length of N.
Module M4: calculating the correlation of the binary bit strings K ID、K′ID obtained by the calculation of the user side and the authentication center respectively, and judging whether the user side is a legal user or not based on the correlation;
Specifically, the module M4 employs:
module M4.1: setting a correlation function and a threshold T according to the operating equipment and the communication channel condition;
Module M4.2: comparing an authentication private key K' ID of the authentication center with a receiving private key K ID, calculating a correlation R, comparing the correlation R with a threshold T, and judging that the authentication is successful and the identity is legal when R is more than T; otherwise, judging that the authentication fails.
Module M5: after successful authentication, the user side and the authentication center use the unused binary bit string with the length of N from N+1 in the authentication key K s as a binary identity authentication base of the next stage.
According to the present invention there is provided a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method described above.
According to the invention, the identity authentication device based on continuous variable quantum key distribution comprises: a controller;
The controller comprises the computer readable storage medium storing the computer program, or the controller comprises the identity authentication system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules provided herein may be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules are implemented as logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc., in addition to the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules being implemented as pure computer readable program code. Therefore, the system, the apparatus, and the respective modules thereof provided by the present invention may be regarded as one hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs may also be regarded as structures within the hardware component; modules for implementing various functions may also be regarded as being either software programs for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the application. The embodiments of the application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (2)
1. The quantum identity authentication method based on continuous variable quantum key distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s,Ks through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system to be a binary bit string with the length more than or equal to 2N;
Step S2: acquiring the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s to obtain a binary bit string K a with the length of N; the user side calculates a group of binary bit strings K ID with the length of N by using the binary bit strings K a and an authentication base K b which is formed by the binary bit strings with the length of N and is shared before authentication starts, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel;
Step S3: the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates a group of binary bit strings K ' ID with the length of N by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit strings K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N;
Step S4: calculating the correlation of the binary bit strings K ID、K′ID obtained by the calculation of the user side and the authentication center respectively, and judging whether the user side is a legal user or not based on the correlation;
step S5: after successful authentication, the user side and the authentication center take a binary bit string with the length of N which is not used from N+1 in the authentication key K s as a binary identity authentication base of the next stage;
The step S2 adopts: performing exclusive OR operation on the bits at the same position in the binary bit string K a and the authentication base K b to obtain N binary bits, wherein the N binary bits form a new binary bit string K ID with the length of N;
The step S3 adopts: performing exclusive OR operation on bits at the same position in an authentication base K ' b formed by a binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N to obtain binary bits with the length of N, wherein each binary bit with the length of N forms a new binary bit string K ' ID with the length of N;
The step S1 adopts: in a user side and an authentication center, performing authentication key sharing by using a Gaussian modulation coherent state continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol;
the step S4 employs:
step S4.1: setting a correlation function and a threshold T according to the operating equipment and the communication channel condition;
Step S4.2: comparing an authentication private key K' ID of the authentication center with a receiving private key K ID, calculating a correlation R, comparing the correlation R with a threshold T, and judging that the authentication is successful and the identity is legal when R is more than T; otherwise, judging that the authentication fails.
2. A quantum identity authentication system based on continuous variable quantum key distribution, comprising:
Module M1: the user and the authentication center share an authentication key K s,Ks through a continuous variable quantum key distribution system to be a binary bit string with the length more than or equal to 2N;
Module M2: acquiring the first N binary bits in the authentication key K s to obtain a binary bit string K a with the length of N; the user side calculates a group of binary bit strings K ID with the length of N by using the binary bit strings K a and an authentication base K b which is formed by the binary bit strings with the length of N and is shared before authentication starts, and then sends K ID to an authentication center through a channel;
Module M3: the authentication center obtains a binary bit string K ' a with the length of N based on an authentication key K ' s after channel sharing, and the authentication center calculates a group of binary bit strings K ' ID with the length of N by using an authentication base K ' b formed by the binary bit strings K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N;
Module M4: calculating the correlation of the binary bit strings K ID、K′ID obtained by the calculation of the user side and the authentication center respectively, and judging whether the user side is a legal user or not based on the correlation;
Module M5: after successful authentication, the user side and the authentication center take a binary bit string with the length of N which is not used from N+1 in the authentication key K s as a binary identity authentication base of the next stage;
the module M2 employs: performing exclusive OR operation on the bits at the same position in the binary bit string K a and the authentication base K b to obtain N binary bits, wherein the N binary bits form a new binary bit string K ID with the length of N;
The module M3 employs: performing exclusive OR operation on bits at the same position in an authentication base K ' b formed by a binary bit string K ' a and the shared binary bit string with the length of N to obtain binary bits with the length of N, wherein each binary bit with the length of N forms a new binary bit string K ' ID with the length of N;
the module M1 employs: in a user side and an authentication center, performing authentication key sharing by using a Gaussian modulation coherent state continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol;
the module M4 employs:
module M4.1: setting a correlation function and a threshold T according to the operating equipment and the communication channel condition;
Module M4.2: comparing an authentication private key K' ID of the authentication center with a receiving private key K ID, calculating a correlation R, comparing the correlation R with a threshold T, and judging that the authentication is successful and the identity is legal when R is more than T; otherwise, judging that the authentication fails.
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