CN114552575B - Scheduling control strategy for adjusting system hot standby power according to load ratio of asynchronous motor - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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Abstract
The invention provides a scheduling control strategy for adjusting system hot standby power according to load ratio of an asynchronous motor, and belongs to the field of quantitative evaluation of the running state of a power system. After information such as the duty ratio of the load-side asynchronous motor, the type of system disturbance and the like is established, the functional relation between the duty ratio of the load-side asynchronous motor and the active power loss change rate of the system after the disturbance is generated under the condition that other conditions are unchanged can be quantitatively given, the active power shortage in a certain time period is further judged, the existing system hot standby power is superposed, and the real-time hot standby power is adjusted. The algorithm provided by the invention can quantitatively analyze the response capability of the load side, and particularly the influence of the asynchronous motor on the active power loss of the system after disturbance occurs. During regulation and control operation, according to the change trend of delta P% after the beta pre-judging system is disturbed, the corresponding hot standby active power can be adjusted, and the safety level of a power grid is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantitative evaluation of the running state of a power system, relates to the relation between the load-side asynchronous motor duty ratio and the change trend of the active power loss of the system, provides a method for solving the change rate of the active power loss of the system by knowing the load duty ratio of an asynchronous motor, and adjusts the scheduling control strategy of the hot standby power of the system according to the total active power loss of the system.
Background
After the system is subjected to large disturbance, if the active power loss is too large, the frequency is reduced, so that low-frequency load shedding is caused, and serious power grid operation accidents such as load shedding are caused. Therefore, the maximum active power shortage caused by large disturbance needs to be pre-judged in time, and scheduling control strategy adjustment needs to be performed in advance. The load side asynchronous motor has a large influence on the active power of the system after disturbance, but at present, few researches on the relationship between the duty ratio of the load side asynchronous motor and the active power loss change rate of the power system after large disturbance occur. In fact, the active power characteristics of the power generation side and the load side jointly affect the active power change of the system, and since the asynchronous motor is an important component of the load, it is particularly important to find the functional relationship between the occupation ratio of the asynchronous motor and the change rate of the active power loss of the system after large disturbance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the relation between the duty ratio of the asynchronous motor at the load side and the active power loss of the system is not clear, the invention provides a method for quantitatively solving the relation between the duty ratio of the asynchronous motor and the active power loss change rate of the system, and a scheduling control strategy for adjusting the hot standby power of the system according to the total active power loss of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a dispatching control strategy for solving the active power loss of a system according to the known load proportion of an asynchronous motor and adjusting the hot standby power of the system according to the total active power loss of the system. According to the scheme, after information such as the duty ratio of the load side asynchronous motor and the type of system disturbance is established, the functional relation between the duty ratio of the load side asynchronous motor and the active power loss change rate of the system after disturbance under the condition that other conditions are unchanged can be quantitatively given. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a relation model between asynchronous motor ratio and system active power loss variation trend
The stable operation of the power system depends on the continuity of the output power of a generator set in the system and the balance of the power load, and the power change after disturbance is directly influenced by the size of the rotational inertia of the system. The power characteristics of the power generation side and the load side together determine the system power characteristics.
At present, the duty ratio of an asynchronous motor in a load can be roughly inquired on line through a station in power grid data, and the asynchronous motor has a functional relation with the change of active power loss after a system is disturbed. It is necessary to first obtain the functional relationship by mathematical modeling through theoretical analysis, and then verify the correctness of the functional relationship through simulation.
The active power generated by the synchronous generator is as follows:
in the formula (1), P EQ For active power of synchronous generators, E q For exciting electromotive force, U is terminal voltage, x d For impedance, δ is the power angle. The external characteristic of the synchronous generator is a relationship curve U = f (I) between the terminal voltage and the load current when the rotation speed, the excitation current, and the power factor are not changed, as shown in fig. 1. According to electromechanics (second edition), the external characteristics are degraded due to armature reaction demagnetization and stator leakage reactance voltage drop effects, either under inductive or purely resistive loading (cos δ = 1).
The main part of the load is the asynchronous motor, so the most common in the power system stability analysis is the combination of constant impedance and asynchronous motor in different proportions, and the asynchronous motor model must take its dynamic characteristics into account.
The equivalent circuit model of the induction motor is shown in fig. 2.
In FIG. 2, us is terminal voltage of asynchronous motor, s is rotor slip of induction motor, R s And X s Respectively stator resistance and reactance, X m For exciting reactance, R r And X r Respectively, single cage model rotor resistance and reactance.
The equation of motion of the first-order rotor of the asynchronous motor in the load dynamic characteristic model considering the mechanical transient process of the asynchronous motor is as follows:
in the formula, T J Is the inertia time constant, M, of the asynchronous motor m Mechanical load torque for dragging asynchronous motors, M E Is the electromagnetic torque of an asynchronous motor.
Electromagnetic torque on the rotor shaft of
The following 2 cases are considered to change parameters of the asynchronous motor after the system receives disturbance:
1) On the premise of considering the dynamic process of the rotor motion of the asynchronous motor, when the network is disturbed and the terminal voltage of the asynchronous motor changes suddenly, the electromagnetic torque also changes suddenly. The instantaneous slip rate cannot change suddenly when the voltage is suddenly reduced, the mechanical torque is unchanged, and the electromagnetic torque is reduced. Therefore, according to equation (2), ds/dt increases and the slip increases.
2) And on the premise of not considering the motion equation of the rotor, the electromagnetic torque and the mechanical torque of a typical machine are balanced in the voltage change process. Therefore, at the instant the terminal voltage decreases, the slip increases according to equation (3).
Therefore, regardless of whether the rotor equation of motion is considered, as the terminal voltage of the asynchronous motor decreases, the slip thereof increases. According to the literature electrical engineering, an increase in slip results in a decrease in its equivalent resistance, and hence equivalent impedance. So that the stator and rotor currents are increased significantly.
According to the analytical solution research of the electromechanical transient model of the load of the induction motor in the literature, the power requirements of large-scale industrial induction motors and water pump models are high in sensitivity of rotor slip and small in critical slip. The parameter group with smaller critical slip presents steeper reactive power-slip characteristic, and when the rotor slip increases, the reactive power required by the motor will increase greatly in a short time.
Another expression for electromagnetic torque is:
M E ＝K T Φ m I r cosδ (4)
in the formula, K T Is a constant value of m Is a magnetic flux per pole, I r Is the rotor current, δ is the generator power angle.
From the equation (4) and the above, it can be seen that the rotor-side current I is maintained regardless of whether the electromagnetic torque is suddenly increased or maintained r An increase will result in a decrease in the power factor cos δ and an increase in sin δ.
According to the graph (1), cos delta is reduced to cause steeper voltage U change amplitude of the synchronous generator, and voltage reduction amplitude delta U% of the synchronous generator is increased.
According to the analysis of the system equivalent circuit and the literature power system in fig. 3, the relationship between the voltage loss Δ U% and the active power loss change rate Δ P% can be expressed as follows:
in the above formula, x is the system reactance, and R is the system resistance. As Δ U% increases and cos δ decreases, Δ P% increases in magnitude beyond Δ U% increases in magnitude. The active power loss of the system tends to be further increased, according to the frequency modulation and automatic power generation control of the electric power system in the literature, the input power of a prime motor is smaller than the load power of a generator, at the moment, the rotating speed of the generator set is reduced, and the frequency of the system is reduced.
Therefore, in the case of an inductive load represented by an asynchronous motor, a positive feedback loop is formed, in which "the system frequency is decreased to decrease the system voltage to increase the system active power loss". The larger the load ratio of the asynchronous motor is relative to the integral rotational inertia of the system, the larger the change rate of the active power loss of the system is.
2) Relation between duty ratio of asynchronous motor and active power loss variation trend of system is quantized through simulation
And simulating a regional power grid to be researched, and observing the change condition of the active power loss change rate delta P% of the system in different duty-cycle operation modes of the asynchronous motor under the same disturbance.
Through multiple times of simulation, the trend that the delta P% gradually increases along with the increase of the occupation ratio of the asynchronous motor is found under the condition that the occupation ratio beta of the asynchronous motor is 0% -100% under the same generator tripping disturbance fault through calculation.
And (3) carrying out linear regression analysis on the delta P% and the proportion beta of the asynchronous motor in the N times of simulation results, and simplifying a functional relation formula of the delta P% and the proportion beta of the asynchronous motor to obtain:
ΔP％＝aβ+b (6)
in the above formula, a and b are coefficients.
3) System hot standby power is adjusted through prejudging active power loss change trend
When the generator set runs in the power system in parallel, the output power of the generator changes along with the frequency change of the power system under the action of the set speed regulating system. As the disturbance occurs, the active power shortage of the system increases with the decrease of the frequency, but since the frequency prediction difficulty is large, it is difficult to calculate the power shortage according to the frequency variation. Therefore, the method provided by the patent can be used for determining the active power shortage change rate of the system according to the occupation ratio of the asynchronous motor, further judging the active power shortage in a certain time period, superposing the existing system hot standby power and adjusting the real-time hot standby power. Total active power P of system z Normal hot standby power P c Real-time hot standby power P s Hot standby power adjustment amount P t The relationship is as follows:
P s ＝P c +P t ＝KP z +tΔP％P z (7)
in the above formula, K is a hot standby power coefficient, which is generally 2% of the total active power of the system, and t is a time period to be adjusted, which is generally 0 to 3 seconds. By the formula (7) it is possible to obtain a compound of the formula K, P z T,. DELTA.P% and a, beta, b, the hot standby power required by the system is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the algorithm provided by the invention can quantitatively analyze the response capability of the load side, and particularly the influence of the asynchronous motor on the active power loss of the system after disturbance occurs. During regulation and control operation, according to the change trend of delta P% after the beta prejudging system is disturbed, the corresponding hot standby active power is adjusted, and the safety level of a power grid is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the external characteristics of a synchronous generator.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor.
Fig. 3 is a source net charge equivalent circuit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. The technical terms used in the present invention: electric load: the electric load is also called as an electric load. The sum of the electric power taken by the consumers of the electric energy to the power system at a certain moment is called the consumer load. According to different load characteristics of power consumers, the power loads can be divided into various industrial loads, agricultural loads, transportation industry loads, people life power loads and the like.
S1, determining the duty ratio of an asynchronous motor on the load side in a regional power grid
At present, the asynchronous motor occupation ratio in the load can be roughly inquired on line through a station in the power grid data. The national power grid deposits abundant data resources in business processes such as infrastructure, personnel team, operation, marketing and operation inspection, and in order to effectively communicate system data, the data value is mined out and maximized, and the national power grid builds a data center to solve internal problems and external services. At present, a power grid service platform is preliminarily divided into a power grid resource platform, a customer service platform, a financial management platform and a project management platform and is continuously upgraded, the service of core service sharing capability and technical support capability is gradually realized, a market data management platform is constructed, the national electric power market data collection, transmission management, analysis mining and value application are promoted, and external data sources of a power grid data center platform comprise marketing service data, financial management and control data, digital audit data, power utilization data, capital construction management and control data, thing union management platform data and the like.
By utilizing the power grid data center, the proportion beta of the load of the asynchronous motor in the whole load can be calculated and obtained by counting the capacity of the whole load and the load of the asynchronous motor. Through search, the duty ratio beta of the load side asynchronous motor of the power grid in a certain operation mode is 60%.
S2, determining load ratio of asynchronous motor of regional power grid to solve functional relation of active power loss change rate of system
And (4) building a target area power grid model and simulating the target area power grid model. And observing the change condition of the active power loss delta P% of the system in the operation modes when different asynchronous motors are in duty under the disturbance of the fault A.
Under the condition of the same cutter fault A, the delta P% of the asynchronous motor is respectively 3.2%, 4.3% and 5.5% under 3 operation modes with the occupation ratios of the asynchronous motor respectively being 0%, 50% and 100%. It is demonstrated that the system active power loss shows a tendency to increase as the duty ratio of the asynchronous motor increases. Through linear regression, the relation between delta P% and beta is simplified, and a function is obtained:
ΔP％＝2.3β+3.18 (8)
equation (8) is the linear relationship between the duty ratio beta of the load side asynchronous motor and the active power loss change rate delta P% of the system under the generator tripping fault.
S3, determining the active power loss change rate under the condition of load ratio of the asynchronous motor of the known area power grid
If the duty ratio beta of the load-side asynchronous motor of the power grid in a certain operation mode is known to be 60% (0.6), the change rate of the overall active power loss of the system after the fault A is calculated and predicted through the formula (8)
ΔP％＝2.3×0.6+3.18＝4.56％ (9)
S4, adjusting the hot standby power of the system according to the power loss change rate
And calculating the hot standby power of the system after the change rate of the whole active power loss of the system is judged to be 4.56%. Total active power P of known system z Is 5000MW, normal hot standby power P c 100MW, the time period t to be adjusted is 1 second, and the hot standby power adjustment quantity P is determined according to the equation (7) t Real-time hot standby power P s Comprises the following steps:
P s ＝P c +P t ＝0.2×5000+1×4.56％×5000＝100+228＝328 (10)
as can be seen from equation (10), after determining the relevant parameters, the system hot standby power adjustment P t At 228MW, real-time hot standby power P s Is 328MW.
According to equation (10), the hot standby power of the system should be adjusted from 100MW to 328MW. In the dispatching strategy, the power of a 228MW hot standby generator is increased more to ensure the safety of the power grid with different occupation ratios of the asynchronous motor.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A dispatch control strategy for regulating system hot standby power based on asynchronous motor duty cycle, comprising the steps of:
1) Establishing a relation model between asynchronous motor ratio and system active power loss variation trend
The stable operation of the power system depends on the continuity of the output power of a generator set in the system and the balance of the power load, and the power change after disturbance is directly influenced by the size of the rotational inertia of the system; the power characteristics of the power generation side and the load side jointly determine the system power characteristics;
under the condition of inductive load represented by an asynchronous motor, the positive feedback circulation process is that the system frequency is reduced to the system voltage is reduced, and the system voltage is reduced to the system active power loss is increased, and the larger the load duty ratio of the asynchronous motor is, the larger the change rate of the system active power loss is relative to the integral rotational inertia of the system;
2) Relation between duty ratio of asynchronous motor and active power loss variation trend of system is quantized through simulation
Simulating a regional power grid to be researched, and observing the change condition of the active power loss change rate delta P% of the system in different duty-cycle operation modes of asynchronous motors under the same disturbance;
after multiple times of simulation, under the same cutter disturbance fault, carrying out linear regression analysis on the delta P% and the asynchronous motor proportion beta in N times of simulation results, and simplifying a functional relation formula of the two to obtain:
ΔP％＝αβ+b (6)
in the formula, a and b are coefficients;
3) System hot standby power is adjusted through prejudging active power loss change trend
When the generator set runs in the power system in parallel, the output power of the generator changes along with the frequency of the power system under the action of the set speed regulating systemChange by change; as the disturbance occurs, the system active power shortage will increase as the frequency decreases; determining the active power shortage change rate of the system according to the occupation ratio of the asynchronous motor, further judging the active power shortage in a time period, superposing the existing system hot standby power, and adjusting the real-time hot standby power; total active power P of system z Conventional hot standby power P c Real-time hot standby power P s Hot standby power adjustment amount P t The relationship is as follows:
P s ＝P c +P t ＝KP z +tΔP％P z (7)
in the above formula, K is a hot standby power coefficient and is 2% of the total active power of the system, t is a time period needing to be adjusted, and 0-3 seconds are taken; by the formula (7), it is known that K, P z T,. DELTA.P% and a, beta, b, the hot standby power required by the system is obtained.
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| CN104617574A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-13 | 清华大学 | Assessment method for transient voltage stabilization of load area of electrical power system |
| CN111553080A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 武汉大学 | Closed-loop identification method for load dynamic equivalent non-mechanism model parameters of power distribution station area |
| CN113972654A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-25 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Multipoint-access area load inertia time constant identification method |
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