CN114547731A - Method for determining free length of cavity side wall anchor cable containing specific structural surface and application - Google Patents
Method for determining free length of cavity side wall anchor cable containing specific structural surface and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In order to solve the technical problem that the method for determining the free length of the anchor cable in the prior art is not suitable for the situation that the side wall rock mass containing a specific structural surface is exposed or the side wall rock mass has obvious deformation or displacement, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the cavity side wall containing the specific structural surface and an application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern with the exposed specific structural surface; determining the occurrence of the exposed specific structural surface of the side wall; determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane; determining a horizontal distance X from a designed anchor cable point M on a side wall of the cavern to a specific structural plane on an exposed trace of the side wall; calculating and designing the horizontal length L of the anchor cable point M extending to the intersection point of the anchor cable point M and the specific structural plane along the horizontal direction of the anchor cable1(ii) a According to horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum self of the designed anchor cable point MBy a length L0. The embodiment of the invention is suitable for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the chamber side wall rock mass with the specific structural surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining the free length of a cavity side wall anchor cable with a specific structural surface and application thereof.
Background
The peripheral adjacent hollow rock faces of various cavities formed by adopting manual excavation in rock-soil bodies are generally called underground cavity side walls, for example, an upstream side wall, a downstream side wall, an end side wall and the like of a hydropower engineering underground factory building are provided. In the underground cavern excavation process, the stress of rock mass around the cavern redistributes, and when unbalanced stress in the adjacent hollow rock mass is greater than the bearing capacity of the adjacent hollow rock mass, the rock mass instability can occur. The instability of rock mass of the underground cavern not only increases the engineering investment and prolongs the construction period, but also poses potential threats to the construction safety and the engineering safety. Therefore, in the process of excavating the underground cavern, targeted reinforcement measures are taken according to rock mass conditions of the side wall of the underground cavern, particularly exposure conditions of specific structural planes, by combining monitoring data analysis, so that deformation and displacement of the rock mass are reduced, and unstable destruction of the rock mass is avoided. The stability of underground cavern rock mass is controlled by specific structural plane (fault fracture zone, altered rock zone, fracture dense zone, etc.), especially when the specific structural plane of cavern side walls such as hydropower engineering underground powerhouse, main transformer room, etc. is exposed, usually need to adopt anchor rope to reinforce side wall rock mass, control rock mass deformation and stability.
The main design parameters of the anchor cable for reinforcing the side wall rock body of the underground cavern comprise anchor cable length and anchoring force, wherein the anchor cable length comprises free length and anchoring length, the free length of the anchor cable is determined firstly, and then the anchoring length and the anchoring force are calculated. When a specific structural surface is exposed on the side wall of the underground cavern and the stability and deformation of the rock mass of the side wall are controlled, when the anchor cable reinforcing scheme is determined, firstly the spatial distribution of the specific structural surface needs to be determined, then the free length of the anchor cable is determined according to the spatial relationship among the structural surface, the side wall and the anchoring point, and finally the anchoring length and the anchoring force are calculated.
At present, the free lengths of anchor cables on the side wall of an underground cavern are mainly determined, firstly, a three-dimensional geological model is established according to geological conditions revealed by underground cavern excavation, the free lengths of the anchor cables are measured by using the three-dimensional geological model, the method requires more basic data, has long modeling time and has slower response in the dynamic design process; and secondly, adopting advanced exploration, firstly drilling holes at the planned reinforcement point, determining the boundary of the structural plane according to the drilling hole revealing condition, and then measuring to determine the free length of the anchor cable.
The method is suitable for the early exploration project and part of underground cavern construction project, the side wall rock mass of the underground cavern contains specific structural planes which are exposed, and when the side wall rock mass is obviously deformed or displaced along with the continuous excavation of the cavern, potential construction safety and engineering potential safety hazards are possible if the method is still adopted. Meanwhile, the minimum free length of the anchor cable relates to the problems of effectiveness and economy of anchor cable reinforcing measures, so that the determination of the minimum free length of the anchor cable is very important in the design process of the anchor cable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the method for determining the free length of the anchor cable in the prior art is not suitable for the situation that the side wall rock mass containing a specific structural surface is exposed or the side wall rock mass has obvious deformation or displacement, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the side wall of a cavern containing the specific structural surface and application thereof.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a free length of a cavity side wall anchor cable including a specific structural plane, including:
determining the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern with the exposed specific structural surface;
according to the geological condition revealed by excavation of the side wall of the underground cavern, determining the occurrence of the exposed specific structural surface of the side wall;
determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane;
determining a horizontal distance X from a designed anchor cable point M on a side wall of the cavern to a specific structural plane on an exposed trace of the side wall;
calculating the horizontal length L from the designed anchor cable point M to a specific structural surface in the extension direction of the anchor cable1；
According to horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0。
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialAccording to the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0(ii) a The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the minimum free length of the M points of the side wall anchor cable according to the following formula:
wherein epsilon is the apparent inclination angle of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface where the anchor cable is designed, and delta is the downward inclination angle of the anchor cable.
Further, determining the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern with the exposed specific structural surface; the method comprises the following steps:
representing the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern by adopting a first quadrant angle N alpha DEG E or a fourth quadrant angle N alpha DEG W; wherein, the N alpha degree E refers to the north of the side wall of the underground cavern which is deviated from the east by alpha degree; the N alpha degree W refers to that the side wall of the underground cavern runs to the west alpha degree in the north direction.
Further, according to the geological conditions revealed by the excavation of the side wall of the underground cavern, determining the occurrence of the exposed specific structural surface of the side wall; the method comprises the following steps:
the specific structural plane attitude of exposed side walls is represented by a first quadrant angle N beta DEG E/SE omega DEG or a fourth quadrant angle N beta DEG W/SE omega DEG;
wherein, beta degree is the quadrant angle of the trend of the structural plane, and omega is the inclination angle of the structural plane;
n beta DEG E/SE & lt omega DEG refers to the north of the structural plane is deviated from east beta DEG, inclines to south east and has an inclination angle omega DEG;
n β ° W/SE ° ω ° means that the trend of the structural plane is westward β °, inclined to the south east, and the inclination angle ω °.
Further, determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane; the method comprises the following steps:
when the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane are positioned in the same quadrant, an included angle theta between the trend and the specific structural plane is | - [ alpha ] -beta ];
the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane, and when alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, the included angle theta is alpha + beta;
when the trend of the underground cavern side wall is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane and alpha + beta is more than 90 degrees, the included angle theta is 180- (alpha + beta).
Further, determining a horizontal distance X from a designed anchor cable point M on a chamber side wall to a specific structural plane on a side wall exposed trace line, comprising:
on the vertical wall of the chamber side wall containing the specific structural plane, a horizontal line MN is made through the M point and is intersected with the specific structural plane at a point N, and then X is MN.
Further, in the extension direction of the anchor cable, calculating the horizontal length L from the designed anchor cable point M to a specific structural plane1(ii) a The method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula: l is1Determining the horizontal length L from the anchor cable point M to the structural surface in the extension direction of the anchor cable1。
Further, according to the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0(ii) a The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an apparent inclination angle epsilon of a specific structural plane on a vertical plane where the anchor cable is designed; the step of acquiring the apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface where the anchor cable is designed comprises the following steps:
making a vertical line of the MN in the horizontal plane through the M point, wherein the vertical line of the MN is intersected with the trace line of the specific structural plane in the plane at a point K;
the cross M point is taken as a downward inclination MH on a vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned, the downward inclination is delta, and the MH is intersected with a trace line of a specific structural plane on the vertical plane at a point F;
according to the formula: e ═ arctan (tan ω tan θ)1) And determining the apparent dip angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the designed vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned.
Further, acquiring an apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural plane on a vertical plane where the anchor cable is designed; further comprising:
when the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF and the specific structural surface trend are positioned in the same quadrant, the included angle theta between the vertical surface trend and the specific structural surface trend1＝∣(90-α)-β∣；
When the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF and the specific structural surface trend are not in the same quadrant and when 90-alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, theta1＝α+β；
When Δ MThe vertical surface trend of KF is not in the same quadrant with the surface trend of the specific structure, and when 90-alpha + beta is more than 90 DEG, theta1＝180-(α+β)。
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides an application of the method for determining the free length of the anchor rope of the cavity side wall with the specific structural surface in determining the free length of the anchor rope of the underground cavity side wall.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the method for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the side wall of the cavern containing the specific structural surface and the application thereof determine the minimum free length of the anchor cable according to the occurrence of the specific structural surface and the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern where the specific structural surface is located; in the process of obtaining the minimum free length of the anchor cable, the situation that the side wall rock mass containing the specific structural surface is exposed or the side wall rock mass has obvious deformation or displacement is considered, so that the situation that the side wall rock mass containing the specific structural surface is not suitable for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the cavity side wall rock mass in the prior art is avoided, and potential construction safety and engineering potential safety hazards are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a side wall of an underground cavern with a specific structural surface exposed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the underground cavern side wall for determining the included angle theta.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of the minimum free length L0Schematic diagram of the principle of (1).
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining the free length of a chamber side wall anchor cable with a specific structural plane.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-a special structural surface exposed out of a cavern side wall, 2-a cavern outside side wall, 3-a cavern bottom plate, 4-a cavern end wall, 5-a cavern top arch, 6-an anchor rope anchor head, 7-an anchor rope free section and 8-an anchor rope anchor section.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that a particular orientation, configuration, and operation must be achieved, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited.
Examples
In order to solve the technical problem that the method for determining the free length of the anchor cable in the prior art is not suitable for the situation that the side wall rock body containing a specific structural surface is exposed or the side wall rock body has obvious deformation or displacement, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the side wall of a cavern containing the specific structural surface, which is shown in reference to fig. 1-4 and comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the trend of the side wall of an underground cavern with a specific structural surface exposed;
s2, revealing geological conditions according to excavation of side walls of the underground cavern, and determining the occurrence of the exposed specific structural surface of the side walls;
s3, determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane;
s4, determining a horizontal distance X from an anchor cable point M designed on the side wall of the cavern to a specific structural plane on an exposed trace line of the side wall;
s5, calculating the horizontal length L from the designed anchor cable point M to a specific structural plane in the extension direction of the anchor cable1；
S6, according to the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0。
Therefore, the minimum free length of the anchor cable is determined according to the occurrence of the specific structural surface and the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern where the specific structural surface is located; in the process of obtaining the minimum free length of the anchor cable, the situation that the side wall rock mass is exposed with a specific structural surface or the side wall rock mass is obviously deformed or displaced is considered, so that the situation that the side wall rock mass anchor cable is not suitable for determining the free length of the chamber side wall rock mass with the specific structural surface in the prior art is avoided, and potential construction safety and engineering potential safety hazards are avoided.
Further, according to the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0(ii) a The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the minimum free length of the M points of the side wall anchor cable according to the following formula:
wherein epsilon is the apparent inclination angle of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface where the anchor cable is designed, and delta is the downward inclination angle of the anchor cable.
Further, determining the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern with the exposed specific structural surface; the method comprises the following steps:
representing the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern by adopting a first quadrant angle N alpha DEG E or a fourth quadrant angle N alpha DEG W; wherein, the N alpha degree E refers to the north of the side wall of the underground cavern which is deviated from the east by alpha degree; the N alpha degree W refers to that the side wall of the underground cavern runs to the west alpha degree in the north direction.
Further, according to the geological conditions revealed by the excavation of the side wall of the underground cavern, determining the occurrence of the exposed specific structural surface of the side wall; the method comprises the following steps:
the specific structural plane attitude of exposed side walls is represented by a first quadrant angle N beta DEG E/SE omega DEG or a fourth quadrant angle N beta DEG W/SE omega DEG;
wherein, beta degree is the quadrant angle of the trend of the structural plane, and omega is the inclination angle of the structural plane;
n beta DEG E/SE & lt omega DEG refers to the north of the structural plane is deviated from east beta DEG, inclines to south east and has an inclination angle omega DEG;
n β ° W/SE ° ω ° means that the trend of the structural plane is westward β °, inclined to the south east, and the inclination angle ω °.
Further, determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane; the method comprises the following steps:
when the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane are positioned in the same quadrant, an included angle theta between the trend and the specific structural plane is | - [ alpha ] -beta ];
the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane, and when alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, the included angle theta is alpha + beta;
when the trend of the underground cavern side wall is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane and alpha + beta is more than 90 degrees, the included angle theta is 180- (alpha + beta).
Further, determining a horizontal distance X from a designed anchor cable point M on a side wall of the cavern to a specific structural plane on an exposed line of the side wall, comprising:
on the vertical wall of the chamber side wall containing the specific structural plane, a horizontal line MN is made through the M point and is intersected with the specific structural plane at a point N, and then X is MN.
Further, in the extension direction of the anchor cable, calculating the horizontal length L1 from the designed anchor cable point M to a specific structural plane; the method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula: l is1Determining the horizontal length L from the anchor cable point M to the structural surface in the extension direction of the anchor cable1。
Further, according to the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0(ii) a The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an apparent inclination angle epsilon of a specific structural plane on a vertical plane where the anchor cable is designed; the step of acquiring the apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface where the anchor cable is designed comprises the following steps:
making a vertical line of the MN in the horizontal plane through the M point, wherein the vertical line of the MN is intersected with the trace line of the specific structural plane in the plane at a point K;
the cross M point is taken as a downward inclination MH on a vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned, the downward inclination is delta, and the MH is intersected with a trace line of a specific structural plane on the vertical plane at a point F;
according to the formula: e ═ arctan (tan ω tan θ)1) And determining the apparent dip angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the designed vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned.
Further, acquiring an apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural plane on a vertical plane where the anchor cable is designed; further comprising:
when the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF and the specific structural surface trend are positioned in the same quadrant, the included angle theta between the vertical surface trend and the specific structural surface trend1＝∣(90-α)-β∣；
When the vertical surface direction of the triangle MKF and the specific structural surface are not in the same quadrant and when the 90-alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 DEG, the theta1＝α+β；
When the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural surface and when the angle is 90-alpha + beta & gt 90 DEG theta1＝180-(α+β)。
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides an application of the method for determining the free length of the anchor rope of the cavity side wall with the specific structural surface in determining the free length of the anchor rope of the underground cavity side wall.
The method for determining the free length of the anchor cable of the side wall of the cavern with the specific structural surface is a method for determining the minimum free length of the anchor cable with the specific structural surface exposed out of the side wall of the underground cavern, and can provide a basis for scientifically and reasonably designing the free length of the anchor cable. Referring to fig. 1, the underground cavern comprises a cavern inner side wall, a cavern outer side wall 2, a cavern bottom plate 3, a cavern end wall 4, a cavern top arch 5 and an anchor cable anchor head 6; the side wall in the cavern is provided with a exposed specific structural surface, namely the exposed specific structural surface 1 of the side wall of the cavern; the anchor head of the anchor cable is used for connecting the anchor cable and is arranged on the side wall in the cavern.
The method for determining the free length of the chamber side wall anchor cable with the specific structural surface is shown by referring to fig. 1-4, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. determining the trend of the side wall (such as an ABCD wall) of the underground cavern with the exposed specific structural surface, and adopting a first quadrant angle N alpha DEG E or a fourth quadrant angle N alpha DEG W to represent that the trend of the side wall is 50 degrees to the east of the north, such as N50 DEG E; N50W indicates the side wall is heading 50 deg. north-west).
2. According to the geological condition revealed by excavation of the side wall of the underground cavern, the occurrence of a specific structural plane (such as F1 in fig. 1) exposed from the side wall is determined, and a first quadrant angle N beta DEG E/SE & ltomega DEG or a fourth quadrant angle N beta DEG W/SE & ltomega DEG is adopted for representation, wherein beta DEG is the quadrant angle of the structural plane trend, and omega is the inclination angle of the structural plane. If N20 degrees E/SE 55 degrees, the trend of the structural surface is 20 degrees to the north, the trend is to the south, and the inclination angle is 55 degrees.
3. And determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane.
1) When the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane are positioned in the same quadrant, an included angle theta between the trend and the specific structural plane is | - [ alpha ] -beta ];
2) when the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane,
when alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, theta is alpha + beta;
② when alpha + beta is more than 90 deg., theta is 180- (alpha + beta);
4. determining the horizontal distance X (M) from the designed anchor line point M on the chamber side wall to the exposed trace line of the side wall of the specific structural plane. And (4) passing through the M point to form a parallel line MN of the BC side, intersecting with the specific structural plane at a point N, and then X is MN.
5. Calculating the horizontal length L from the designed anchor cable point M on the side wall to the intersection point of the anchor cable and the specific structural plane along the horizontal extension direction of the anchor cable in the fourth step1。
1) And (4) making a vertical line of the MN in the horizontal plane through the M point, wherein the vertical line of the MN is intersected with the trace line of the specific structural plane in the plane at a point K.
2) The anchor line point M extends horizontally to a horizontal length L1 ═ X × tg θ of the structural surface.
6. Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M on the side wall in the step 40。
1) The cross M point is taken as a downward inclination MH on a vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned, the downward inclination is delta, and the MH is intersected with a trace line of a specific structural plane on the vertical plane at a point F;
2) the apparent inclination angle epsilon of the delta MKF straight lead surface and the specific structural surface is arctan (tan omega tan theta)1). Because the delta MKF surface is vertical to the side wall ABCD, the trend of the delta MKF is 90-alpha.
When the trend of the delta MKF surface and the trend of the specific structural surface are positioned in the same quadrant, the included angle theta between the two1＝∣(90-α)-β∣；
When the trend of the delta MKF surface is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural surface:
when the angle is 90-alpha plus beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, theta1＝α+β；
When 90-alpha + beta is more than 90 degrees, theta1＝180-(α+β)；
3) Minimum free length of M points of side wall anchor cable
Wherein epsilon is the apparent inclination angle of a specific structural plane on a vertical plane of delta MKF, and delta is the downward inclination angle of the anchor cable.
Referring to fig. 3, namely, the MF section is the anchor cable free section 7, and the FH section is the anchor cable anchoring section 8.
Examples of the implementation
The length, width and height of a certain underground workshop are 217 x 28 x 74m (length, width and height), the section of the underground workshop is of a circular arch straight wall type, the arch top height is 1162m, the arch shoulder height is 1153m, and the trend of an upstream upright side wall is in a direction of N50 degrees W. The upstream side wall rock mass mainly comprises granite, the surrounding rock class is III, and the side wall is integrally stable. When the elevation 1130m is dug under a factory building, the deformation occurs in sections of rock masses with pile numbers of 0+ 015-0 +045m and elevations of 1130-1150 m, the main performance is that the original anchor cable generates clamping piece displacement, loosening and part of steel strand is popped out, and the monitoring data of the multipoint displacement meter is abnormal. Through analysis, a fault F1(N70 degree W/SW < 65 ℃) fault crushing zone is exposed on the side wall, the adverse effect of the structure on the stability of the rock mass is not considered in the original anchor rope support, the space distribution of the anchor rope support needs to be found out in time, and reliable data are provided for the anchor rope reinforcement treatment design. Because the side wall is dug by about 30m, the depth difficulty of the structural surface of the side wall is high when a drilling platform is erected for drilling and detecting, and the technical difficulty of three-dimensional geological modeling analysis is also high. In order to determine the spatial distribution of the structural plane in the extension direction of each anchor cable as soon as possible and determine the minimum free length of the anchor cable, the method of the embodiment of the invention is adopted to determine the minimum free length of each anchor cable point. The method of the embodiment of the invention is adopted to determine the minimum free length of the anchor cable at the M points of the elevation 1150M of the upstream side wall and the pile number 0+15M as an example to explain the main steps, wherein the downward inclination angle of the anchor cable is delta-15 degrees.
1. The upstream side wall was determined to run N50 ° W, SW towards its side wall free side.
2. According to the exposure condition of F1 revealed by the upstream side wall, the output state is determined to be N70 degrees W/SW < 65 degrees by adopting a geological compass.
3. And determining the included angle theta between the trend of the upstream side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane. Because the two trends are positioned in the same quadrant, the included angle theta is 70-50 degrees and 20 degrees.
4. A horizontal line with the elevation 1150M is made on the upstream side wall vertical surface, and the horizontal line intersects with the structural surface F1 at a point N, and the length of MN is measured to be 21M, that is, the horizontal distance x from the anchor cable at the point M to the specific structural surface F1 is 21M.
5. Calculating anchor cable to structure F at M points on plane with elevation 1150M1 length L1And calculating L1＝x ×tanθ＝21×tan20°＝7.64m。
6. Because the trend of the side wall is N50 degrees W, the trend of the vertical surface where the anchor cable is located is N40 degrees E, the trend of the vertical surface and the trend of the structural surface F1 are positioned in different quadrants, and the angle theta between the trend of the vertical surface where the anchor cable is located and the trend of the specific structural surface is larger than 90 degrees by 90-alpha + beta which is 110 degrees1＝180°-(α+β)＝180°-(50°+70°)＝60°。
Therefore, the apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface of the anchor cable is as follows:
ε＝arctan(tanω×cosθ1)＝arctan(tan65°×cos60°)＝47.0。
therefore, the minimum free length of the anchor cable at the M points at the elevation 1150M and the pile number 0+15M is as follows:
the above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining the free length of a cavity side wall anchor cable containing a specific structural plane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern with the exposed specific structural surface;
according to the geological condition revealed by excavation of the side wall of the underground cavern, determining the occurrence of the exposed specific structural surface of the side wall;
determining an included angle theta between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane;
determining a horizontal distance X from a designed anchor cable point M on a side wall of the cavern to a specific structural plane on an exposed trace of the side wall;
calculating the horizontal length L from the designed anchor cable point M to a specific structural surface in the extension direction of the anchor cable1；
According to horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0。
2. The method for determining the free length of a chamber side wall anchor cable with a specific structural surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is based on the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0(ii) a The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the minimum free length of the M points of the side wall anchor cable according to the following formula:
wherein epsilon is the apparent inclination angle of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface where the anchor cable is designed, and delta is the downward inclination angle of the anchor cable.
3. The method for determining the free length of the anchor cable for the side wall of the cavern with the specific structural plane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern with the specific structural plane exposed is determined; the method comprises the following steps:
representing the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern by adopting a first quadrant angle N alpha DEG E or a fourth quadrant angle N alpha DEG W; wherein, the N alpha degree E refers to the north of the side wall of the underground cavern which is deviated from the east by alpha degree; the N alpha degree W refers to that the side wall of the underground cavern runs to the west alpha degree in the north.
4. The method for determining the free length of the anchor cable for the side wall of the cavern with the specific structural plane as claimed in claim 3, wherein the occurrence of the specific structural plane exposed on the side wall is determined according to the geological condition revealed by the excavation of the side wall of the underground cavern; the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a first quadrant angle N beta DEG E/SE omega DEG or a fourth quadrant angle N beta DEG W/SE omega DEG to represent the occurrence of a specific structural surface exposed from a side wall;
wherein, beta degree is the quadrant angle of the trend of the structural plane, and omega is the inclination angle of the structural plane;
n beta DEG E/SE & lt omega DEG refers to the north of the structural plane is deviated from east beta DEG, inclines to south east and has an inclination angle omega DEG;
n β ° W/SE ° ω ° means that the trend of the structural plane is westward β °, inclined to the south east, and the inclination angle ω °.
5. The method for determining the free length of the anchor cable for the side wall of the cavern with the specific structural plane as claimed in claim 4, wherein the included angle θ between the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane is determined; the method comprises the following steps:
when the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern and the trend of the specific structural plane are positioned in the same quadrant, an included angle theta between the trend and the specific structural plane is | - [ alpha ] -beta ];
the trend of the side wall of the underground cavern is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane, and when alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, the included angle theta is alpha + beta;
when the trend of the underground cavern side wall is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural plane and alpha + beta is more than 90 degrees, the included angle theta is 180- (alpha + beta).
6. The method for determining the free length of a chamber sidewall anchor cable comprising a specified structural surface as claimed in claim 5, wherein determining the horizontal distance X from the design anchor cable point M on the chamber sidewall to the exposed line of the specified structural surface on the sidewall comprises:
on the vertical wall of the chamber side wall containing the specific structural plane, a horizontal line MN is made through the M point and is intersected with the specific structural plane at a point N, and then X is MN.
7. The method for determining the free length of a chamber side wall anchor rope with a specific structural surface as claimed in claim 6, wherein the horizontal length L from the designed anchor rope point M to the specific structural surface is calculated in the anchor rope extending direction1(ii) a The method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula: l is1Determining the horizontal length from the anchor cable point M to the structural surface in the extension direction of the anchor cableL1。
8. The method for determining the free length of a chamber side wall anchor cable with a specific structural surface as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length is determined according to the horizontal length L1Calculating the minimum free length L of the designed anchor cable point M0(ii) a The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an apparent inclination angle epsilon of a specific structural plane on a vertical plane where the anchor cable is designed; the step of acquiring the apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the vertical surface where the anchor cable is designed comprises the following steps:
making a vertical line of the MN in the horizontal plane through the M point, wherein the vertical line of the MN is intersected with the trace line of the specific structural plane in the plane at a point K;
the cross M point is taken as a downward inclination MH on a vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned, the downward inclination is delta, and the MH is intersected with a trace line of a specific structural plane on the vertical plane at a point F;
according to the formula: e ═ arctan (tan ω tan θ)1) And determining the apparent dip angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the designed vertical plane delta MKF where the anchor cable is positioned.
9. The method for determining the free length of the cavity side wall anchor cable with the specific structural surface as claimed in claim 8, wherein the apparent inclination angle epsilon of the specific structural surface on the vertical plane where the anchor cable is designed is obtained; further comprising:
when the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF and the specific structural surface trend are positioned in the same quadrant, the included angle theta between the vertical surface trend and the specific structural surface trend1＝∣(90-α)-β∣；
When the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF and the specific structural surface trend are not in the same quadrant and when 90-alpha + beta is less than or equal to 90 degrees, theta1＝α+β；
When the vertical surface trend of the delta MKF is not in the same quadrant with the trend of the specific structural surface and when the angle is 90-alpha + beta & gt 90 DEG theta1＝180-(α+β)。
10. Use of the method for determining the free length of a chamber side wall anchor rope comprising a specific structural surface as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 for determining the free length of an anchor rope of an underground chamber side wall.
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