CN114547563A - Image watermark embedding method and system capable of adaptively adjusting embedding strength - Google Patents
Image watermark embedding method and system capable of adaptively adjusting embedding strength Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水印嵌入技术领域,特别涉及一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of watermark embedding, in particular to a picture watermark embedding method and system capable of adaptively adjusting the embedding strength.
背景技术Background technique
版权图片,是相对于盗版图片的概念。通常指经过图片的著作权持有人,或者是创作图片的作者或者机构,授权可以用于商业、出版、展览等用途的图像作品。图片在创作以后,图片所有者一般会在图片上添加水印以避免被盗用,目前常见的图片水印技术主要分为两种。Copyrighted images are a concept relative to pirated images. Usually refers to the copyright holder of the picture, or the author or organization that created the picture, and authorizes the image work that can be used for commercial, publishing, exhibition and other purposes. After the picture is created, the owner of the picture will generally add a watermark to the picture to avoid being stolen. At present, there are two common picture watermarking technologies.
第一种是可见水印,即在图片中添加可见的信息或图标,这种方法是相对比较简单且速度较快,缺点是视觉可见且容易被攻击擦除,客户观看图片的体验较差。第二种是隐形水印,市场主流的图片隐形水印算法主要是通过将图像从空间域转为频域,然后在频域中进行水印嵌入,之后再恢复到空间域,隐形水印具有不可见、不易察觉和不易擦除等诸多优点,明显优于可见水印。The first is the visible watermark, that is, adding visible information or icons to the picture. This method is relatively simple and fast. The disadvantage is that it is visually visible and easy to be attacked and erased, and the customer's experience of viewing the picture is poor. The second is invisible watermarking. The mainstream image invisible watermarking algorithm in the market mainly converts the image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, then embeds the watermark in the frequency domain, and then restores it to the spatial domain. The invisible watermark is invisible and difficult to achieve. It has many advantages such as perceptibility and easy erasure, which is obviously better than visible watermark.
向图片添加隐形水印的方案有很多,我司于2021年6月29日提交的发明专利《水印生成、解码方法以及存储介质、电子设备》(申请号:2021107265874)中公开了一种向图像中添加水印的方法,这里通过随机模板R和版权信息生成水印图案,再将水印图案叠加在待嵌入的图像上。由于是通过轻微的修改通道值来实现水印嵌入的,叠加后的图像与原图相比而言,变化非常小,从而具有较好的隐形效果。但是由于上述修改都是固定的数值,在不同深浅的背景下,水印的可见性有差异,浅色背景被深色背景中的水印稍微明显一点,比如当图片中有大量留白的区域时,水印就会显得比较明显。There are many schemes for adding invisible watermarks to pictures. The invention patent "Watermark Generation and Decoding Method, Storage Medium and Electronic Equipment" (application number: 2021107265874) submitted by our company on June 29, 2021 discloses a method of adding invisible watermarks to images. The method of adding a watermark, here a watermark pattern is generated by random template R and copyright information, and then the watermark pattern is superimposed on the image to be embedded. Since the watermark is embedded by slightly modifying the channel value, the superimposed image has very little change compared with the original image, so it has a better invisible effect. However, since the above modifications are all fixed values, the visibility of the watermark is different under different shades of background. The light background is slightly more obvious than the watermark in the dark background. For example, when there are a lot of blank areas in the picture, The watermark will be more obvious.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的首要目的在于提供一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入方法,保证浅色或深色背景下的水印可视效果一致。The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a picture watermark embedding method that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength, so as to ensure the consistent visual effect of the watermark under light or dark backgrounds.
为实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入方法,包括如下步骤:S100、根据随机模块R和二值化的待嵌入信息进行编码,得到二值化的水印图案;S200、将所述水印图案按横向与纵向平铺至待嵌入图片的宽高,得到水印矩阵图;S300、在RGB颜色空间中根据水印矩阵图的内容,对待嵌入图片每个像素点三通道参数值进行修改,修改幅度与像素点的灰度值成反比。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a picture watermark embedding method that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength, comprising the following steps: S100, encoding according to the random module R and the binarized information to be embedded, and obtaining two Valued watermark pattern; S200, tile the watermark pattern horizontally and vertically to the width and height of the picture to be embedded, to obtain a watermark matrix diagram; S300, in the RGB color space, according to the content of the watermark matrix diagram, to be embedded in the picture each time The three-channel parameter value of each pixel is modified, and the modification magnitude is inversely proportional to the gray value of the pixel.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入系统,保证浅色或深色背景下的水印可视效果一致。Another object of the present invention is to provide a picture watermark embedding system that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength, so as to ensure the consistent visual effect of the watermark under light or dark backgrounds.
为实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入系统,包括水印图案生成模块,用于根据随机模块R和二值化的待嵌入信息进行编码得到二值化的水印图案;水印矩阵生成模块,用于根据水印图案生成与待嵌入图片尺寸相同的水印矩阵图;水印叠加模块,用于根据待嵌入图片中像素点的灰度值、水印矩阵图、预设的修改幅度对每个像素点三通道参数值进行修改得到嵌入水印的图片,其中的修改幅度与像素点的灰度值成反比。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a picture watermark embedding system that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength, including a watermark pattern generation module, which is used for encoding according to the random module R and the binarized information to be embedded. The binarized watermark pattern; the watermark matrix generation module is used to generate a watermark matrix map with the same size as the image to be embedded according to the watermark pattern; the watermark overlay module is used to generate the watermark matrix map according to the gray value of the pixels in the image to be embedded and the watermark matrix map 2. Modifying the three-channel parameter value of each pixel with a preset modification range to obtain a watermark-embedded picture, where the modification range is inversely proportional to the gray value of the pixel.
与现有技术相比,本发明上述两个方案存在以下技术效果:根据随机模板R和待嵌入的信息生成水印图案,再根据水印图案生成水印矩阵图,可以方便的得到与待嵌入图片相同尺寸的水印图,在叠加的时候,通过修改RGB三通道的像素值来方便的实现水印的嵌入,并且在修改的时候,让修改幅度与灰度值成反比,即浅色背景下修改幅度小、深色背景下修改幅度大,这样就实现了修改幅度的自适应修改,提高了水印的隐形效果,不易被察觉。Compared with the prior art, the above two solutions of the present invention have the following technical effects: generating a watermark pattern according to the random template R and the information to be embedded, and then generating a watermark matrix diagram according to the watermark pattern, which can conveniently obtain the same size as the picture to be embedded. When the watermark image is superimposed, it is convenient to embed the watermark by modifying the pixel values of the RGB three channels, and when modifying, the modification amplitude is inversely proportional to the gray value, that is, the modification amplitude is small under the light background, Under the dark background, the modification range is large, which realizes the adaptive modification of the modification range, improves the invisible effect of the watermark, and is not easy to be detected.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的流程图;Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention;
图2是本发明中水印图案生成流程图;Fig. 2 is the watermark pattern generation flow chart in the present invention;
图3是本发明的系统框图。Figure 3 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合图1至图3,对本发明做进一步详细叙述。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
参阅图1,本发明公开了一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入方法,包括如下步骤:S100、根据随机模块R和二值化的待嵌入信息进行编码,得到二值化的水印图案;S200、将所述水印图案按横向与纵向平铺至待嵌入图片的宽高,得到水印矩阵图;S300、在RGB颜色空间中根据水印矩阵图的内容,对待嵌入图片每个像素点三通道参数值进行修改,修改幅度与像素点的灰度值成反比。根据随机模板R和待嵌入的信息生成水印图案,再根据水印图案生成水印矩阵图,可以方便的得到与待嵌入图片相同尺寸的水印图,在叠加的时候,通过修改RGB三通道的像素值来方便的实现水印的嵌入,并且在修改的时候,让修改幅度与灰度值成反比,即浅色背景下修改幅度小、深色背景下修改幅度大,这样就实现了修改幅度的自适应修改,提高了水印的隐形效果,不易被察觉。Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention discloses a picture watermark embedding method that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength, including the following steps: S100 , encoding according to the random module R and the binarized information to be embedded to obtain a binarized watermark pattern S200, the watermark pattern is tiled horizontally and vertically to the width and height of the picture to be embedded, to obtain a watermark matrix diagram; S300, in the RGB color space, according to the content of the watermark matrix diagram, each pixel point three channels of the embedded picture are treated The parameter value is modified, and the modification magnitude is inversely proportional to the gray value of the pixel. Generate a watermark pattern according to the random template R and the information to be embedded, and then generate a watermark matrix image according to the watermark pattern, which can easily obtain a watermark image of the same size as the image to be embedded. When superimposing, modify the pixel values of the RGB three channels to It is convenient to embed the watermark, and when modifying, let the modification range be inversely proportional to the gray value, that is, the modification range is small under the light background, and the modification range is large under the dark background, so that the adaptive modification of the modification range is realized. , which improves the invisible effect of the watermark and is not easy to be detected.
需要指出的是,这里述及的“修改幅度与像素点的灰度值成反比”,并不是对于任意两个像素点P1、P2,若P1的灰度值大于P2的灰度值,那么P1的修改幅度一定就小于P2的灰度值。这句话应当这样理解:灰度值较小时,修改幅度大;灰度值较大时,修改幅度小。It should be pointed out that the "modification amplitude is inversely proportional to the gray value of the pixel" mentioned here does not mean that for any two pixels P1 and P2, if the gray value of P1 is greater than the gray value of P2, then P1 The modification range must be smaller than the gray value of P2. This sentence should be understood as follows: when the gray value is small, the modification range is large; when the gray value is large, the modification range is small.
进一步地,所述的步骤S300中,修改幅度,其中R、G、B和r、g、b分别代表修改前后的像素点三通道参数值,这里通过定义RGB三通道变化最大的那个值为修改幅度,这样就能更好的计算其余灰度值的关系;像素点的灰度值,修改前后像素点的灰度值变化小于设定阈值,这个阈值可以设置为0.1左右,这样可以保证修改前后,像素点的灰度值基本不变。Further, in the step S300, modify the amplitude , where R, G, B and r, g, and b represent the three-channel parameter values of the pixels before and after the modification, respectively. Here, by defining the value with the largest change in the RGB three-channel value as the modification range, the rest of the gray levels can be better calculated. The relationship between the values; the gray value of the pixel point , the change of the gray value of the pixel before and after the modification is less than the set threshold, the threshold can be set to about 0.1, which can ensure that the gray value of the pixel is basically unchanged before and after the modification.
由于通道值为整数,并且我们在修改的时候,不会大幅度修改通道值,因此这里的修改幅度k可取值非常有限,为了确保修改幅度与灰度值成反比,所述的步骤S300中,设置有多个灰度值区间,各灰度区间内的像素点修改幅度一致,只要保证“灰度值较小时,修改幅度大;灰度值较大时,修改幅度小”这个关系即可。Since the channel value is an integer, and we will not greatly modify the channel value when modifying, the modification range k here can take a very limited value. In order to ensure that the modification range is inversely proportional to the gray value, in the step S300 , there are multiple gray value intervals, and the modification range of the pixels in each gray value interval is the same, as long as the relationship of "when the gray value is small, the modification range is large; when the gray value is large, the modification range is small". .
这里通过举例来详细说明修改幅度和灰度值的关系,具体地,所述的灰度区间有三个:当时,修改幅度;当时,修改幅度;当时,修改幅度;其中,也即当k2取4的时候,k3只能取2或3。这里的具体数值,只是一个较为优选的方案,实际可以选择其他的数值。Here, the relationship between the modification amplitude and the gray value is explained in detail by taking an example. Specifically, there are three gray intervals: when , the modification range ;when , the modification range ;when , the modification range ;in , that is, when k 2 takes 4, k 3 can only take 2 or 3. The specific numerical value here is only a relatively preferred solution, and other numerical values can actually be selected.
进一步地,由于通道B对灰度值的贡献较小,为了保证灰度一致性,本发明中优选地,所述的步骤S300中,对像素点三通道参数值进行修改时,通道B的变化值即为修改幅度k,通道R和通道G的变化值等于0或1或-1用于保证修改前后像素点的灰度值变化小于设定阈值。这里选择通道B为主要修改通道,可以增加修改幅度k的取值范围,选择通道R或G为主要修改通道后,不利于保持灰度一致性。Further, since the contribution of channel B to the grayscale value is small, in order to ensure the consistency of grayscale, in the present invention, preferably, in the step S300, when the three-channel parameter value of the pixel point is modified, the change of channel B The value is the modification amplitude k, and the change value of channel R and channel G is equal to 0 or 1 or -1 to ensure that the change of the gray value of the pixel point before and after modification is less than the set threshold. Here, channel B is selected as the main modification channel, and the value range of the modification amplitude k can be increased. After selecting channel R or G as the main modification channel, it is not conducive to maintaining grayscale consistency.
更具体地,当时,像素点修改后的r、g、b三通道参数值分别等于R+1、G+1、B-8或分别等于R+1、G+1、B-7;当时,像素点修改后的r、g、b三通道参数值分别等于R、G+1、B-5;当时,像素点修改后的r、g、b三通道参数值分别等于R+1、G、B-3或分别等于R-1、G+1、B-3。该具体实施方式,是修改效果非常好的优选方案。修改的时候,对于待嵌入图片的任一像素点,先判断水印矩阵图对应像素点的参数是0还是1,如果是1,再结合该像素点的灰度值和这里的判断步骤进行RGB三通道参数值的修改。如果是0,可以不修改,也可以反向修改,第一个修改方式R+1、G+1、B-8的反向修改即R-1、G-1、B+8,具体的修改情况这里不做详述,我们只需要有修改,体现出不同,就能进行水印的嵌入。More specifically, when When the pixel point is modified, the three channel parameter values of r, g and b are respectively equal to R+1, G+1, B-8 or respectively equal to R+1, G+1, B-7; when , the modified r, g, b three channel parameter values of the pixel point are equal to R, G+1, B-5 respectively; when , the modified r, g, b three channel parameter values of the pixel point are respectively equal to R+1, G, B-3 or respectively equal to R-1, G+1, B-3. This specific embodiment is a preferred solution with very good modification effect. When modifying, for any pixel to be embedded in the picture, first determine whether the parameter of the corresponding pixel of the watermark matrix is 0 or 1, if it is 1, then combine the gray value of the pixel and the judgment steps here to perform RGB three. Modification of channel parameter values. If it is 0, you can not modify it, or you can modify it in the reverse direction. The first modification method is the reverse modification of R+1, G+1, and B-8, that is, R-1, G-1, and B+8. The specific modification The situation is not described in detail here, we only need to modify it to reflect the difference, and then we can embed the watermark.
参阅图2,在我司申请的发明专利《水印生成、解码方法以及存储介质、电子设备》(申请号:2021107265874)中,在进行水印解码的时候,需要用到随机模板R,这就需要嵌入方和提取方能够进行通信传输随机模板R,使用过程中非常的不方便且不安全。本发明中优选地,所述的步骤S100中,随机模板R为预设尺寸的二值化图像;待嵌入的信息包含N比特信息的二进制数,其中,N为整数;按如下步骤对随机模板R进行编码:S101、在N比特的二进制数首位添加1,然后将该N+1比特的二进制数转换成二维矩阵;S102、按从左到右、从上到下的顺序依次判断二维矩阵中的元素值,若该元素为第一行、第一列,则用随机模板R的图像表示该元素,若该元素值与上一个元素值相同,则用随机模板R的图像表示该元素,若该元素值与上一个元素值相异,则用随机模板R的反向图像表示该元素。按此种方式进行编码,无需使用随机模板R也能进行解码,因为这里是通过差异化来体现二进制信息的,按上述步骤进行编码,提高了解码的便利性以及安全性。Referring to Figure 2, in the invention patent "Watermark Generation and Decoding Method and Storage Medium, Electronic Equipment" (application number: 2021107265874) applied by our company, when decoding the watermark, a random template R needs to be used, which requires embedding The party and the extractor can communicate and transmit the random template R, which is very inconvenient and insecure in the use process. Preferably in the present invention, in the step S100, the random template R is a binarized image of a preset size; the information to be embedded includes a binary number of N-bit information, where N is an integer; Encoding with R: S101, add 1 to the first position of the N-bit binary number, and then convert the N+1-bit binary number into a two-dimensional matrix; S102, judge the two-dimensional matrix sequentially from left to right and top to bottom The element value in the matrix. If the element is the first row and the first column, the image of the random template R is used to represent the element. If the element value is the same as the previous element value, the image of the random template R is used to represent the element. , if the element value is different from the previous element value, the reverse image of the random template R is used to represent the element. By encoding in this way, decoding can be performed without using random template R, because binary information is represented by differentiation here, and encoding according to the above steps improves the convenience and security of decoding.
参阅图3,一种可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入系统,包括水印图案生成模块,用于根据随机模块R和二值化的待嵌入信息进行编码得到二值化的水印图案;水印矩阵生成模块,用于根据水印图案生成与待嵌入图片尺寸相同的水印矩阵图;水印叠加模块,用于根据待嵌入图片中像素点的灰度值、水印矩阵图、预设的修改幅度对每个像素点三通道参数值进行修改得到嵌入水印的图片,其中的修改幅度与像素点的灰度值成反比。根据随机模板R和待嵌入的信息生成水印图案,再根据水印图案生成水印矩阵图,可以方便的得到与待嵌入图片相同尺寸的水印图,在叠加的时候,通过修改RGB三通道的像素值来方便的实现水印的嵌入,并且在修改的时候,让修改幅度与灰度值成反比,即浅色背景下修改幅度小、深色背景下修改幅度大,这样就实现了修改幅度的自适应修改,提高了水印的隐形效果,不易被察觉。Referring to Figure 3, a picture watermark embedding system that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength, including a watermark pattern generation module, for encoding according to the random module R and the binarized information to be embedded to obtain a binarized watermark pattern; watermark matrix; The generation module is used to generate a watermark matrix map with the same size as the picture to be embedded according to the watermark pattern; the watermark overlay module is used for each pixel according to the gray value of the pixel to be embedded, the watermark matrix map, and the preset modification range. The three-channel parameter value of the pixel point is modified to obtain the image embedded with the watermark, and the modification magnitude is inversely proportional to the gray value of the pixel point. Generate a watermark pattern according to the random template R and the information to be embedded, and then generate a watermark matrix image according to the watermark pattern, which can easily obtain a watermark image of the same size as the image to be embedded. When superimposing, modify the pixel values of the RGB three channels to It is convenient to embed the watermark, and when modifying, let the modification range be inversely proportional to the gray value, that is, the modification range is small under the light background, and the modification range is large under the dark background, so that the adaptive modification of the modification range is realized. , which improves the invisible effect of the watermark and is not easy to be detected.
本发明还公开了一种计算机可读存储介质和一种电子设备,其中,一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现前述任一项可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入方法。一种电子设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时,实现前述任一项可自适应调节嵌入强度的图片水印嵌入方法。The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic device, wherein a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, implements any of the foregoing An image watermark embedding method that can adaptively adjust the embedding strength. An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory. When the processor executes the computer program, any one of the foregoing image watermark embedding methods capable of adaptively adjusting the embedding strength is implemented.
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