CN114544393A - Vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device - Google Patents
Vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114544393A CN114544393A CN202210117275.8A CN202210117275A CN114544393A CN 114544393 A CN114544393 A CN 114544393A CN 202210117275 A CN202210117275 A CN 202210117275A CN 114544393 A CN114544393 A CN 114544393A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
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- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a microparticle high-speed impact experimental device, and provides a vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device which comprises: the device comprises a vacuum box, a testing mechanism, a light part mechanism, a control system and a temperature control system, wherein the testing mechanism is used for testing and adjusting temperature and is arranged in the vacuum box; the optical part mechanism is combined with a test mechanism positioned in the vacuum box, high and low temperature control and micro-scale impact loading are realized through the control of a control system, the dynamic mechanical behavior and the energy dissipation mechanism of the micro-nano scale material are characterized, and a key technical support and a theoretical basis are provided for the application of the material in an extreme environment; the impact loading means experiment efficiency is obviously improved, the measured data is accurate, abrasion is not easy to occur in the using process, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microparticle high-speed impact experiment devices, in particular to a vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experiment device.
Background
From a mechanical point of view, high velocity impact of microparticles can be used to help understand the physical and mechanical behavior of materials under extreme dynamic conditions. The single particle impact technique allows the material to reach strain rates as high as108s-1The study of the dynamic response becomes possible under the circumstances, including soft materials, nanocomposites, metals, and the like. In addition, materials generally have obvious size effects, and micro-nano scale materials can generally show abnormal mechanical response. From an engineering perspective, high velocity impact of microparticles involves many areas, from space exploration to additive manufacturing. For example, high speed microminerals and orbital microfragments pose serious threats to the safety of spacecraft and extravehicular activities performed by astronauts, requiring high performance material design and protection. Extreme conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, high strain rate, strong radiation and the like are widely used in the fields of aerospace and the like, and more severe service requirements are provided for high-performance structural materials.
Due to the fact that the size and the mass of a projectile body of a traditional impact loading means such as a split Hopkinson bar and a light gas gun are large, dynamic mechanical response of a material under a micro-nano scale is difficult to highlight, and measurement of impact energy absorption of a two-dimensional film material cannot be achieved. In addition, the traditional impact loading means has relatively low experimental efficiency and rough measurement, and the gun barrel is easy to wear in the using process and expensive in maintenance cost. How to effectively solve the technical difficulties is a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems or at least partially solve the technical problems, the invention provides a vacuum and high and low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device.
Vacuum and high low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental apparatus includes: a vacuum box;
a test mechanism used for testing and adjusting the temperature is arranged in the vacuum box, and a sample is arranged on the test mechanism;
a light part mechanism is arranged outside the vacuum box;
the vacuum box, the testing mechanism and the optical part mechanism are electrically connected to a control system.
Further, the optical element mechanism comprises a laser emitter for emitting laser to the testing mechanism, an ultra-high speed camera for capturing the micro-particle impact process of the sample, a pulse signal generator for synchronously triggering the laser emitter and the ultra-high speed camera, and an external light source device for illuminating the testing mechanism.
Further, the test mechanism comprises a test unit and a fixing unit.
Further, the test unit comprises a first platform and a second platform;
the first platform is respectively provided with a convex lens for the laser to penetrate and focus the laser and an emitting platform for the laser to penetrate and enable the laser to generate high-temperature and high-pressure plasma;
the second platform is provided with temperature measuring equipment;
the device comprises a launching platform and temperature measuring equipment, wherein a sample fixing piece used for placing a sample is arranged between the launching platform and the temperature measuring equipment, a heating rod is arranged in the sample fixing piece, and the end part, far away from the sample side, of the sample fixing piece is connected with a liquid nitrogen tank.
Furthermore, the emission platform comprises a constraint layer which is arranged on the side close to the convex lens and is used for the laser to pass through without obviously absorbing the energy of the laser, the constraint layer far away from the side of the convex lens is connected with an absorption layer which enables the laser to generate high-temperature and high-pressure plasma after ablation, and the absorption layer far away from the side of the constraint layer is connected with a polydimethylsiloxane film layer.
Further, the plasma rapidly expands the polydimethylsiloxane film layer and drives microparticles adhered to the polydimethylsiloxane film layer to impact the sample at a high speed.
Further, an end of the heating rod away from the sample side extends into the liquid nitrogen tank.
Further, the fixing unit includes:
the first adjusting piece is used for supporting and adjusting the height and the direction of the first platform, and a first fixing piece is connected to the end part, far away from the first platform, of the first adjusting piece;
the second adjusting piece is used for supporting and adjusting the height and the direction of the second platform, and a second fixing piece is connected to the end part, far away from the second platform, of the second adjusting piece;
and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are respectively provided with a support frame for fixing the liquid nitrogen tank.
Furthermore, a plurality of light-transmitting pieces are arranged on the wall of the vacuum box, and the vacuum box is also connected with a vacuum pump;
the top of the vacuum box is provided with a box cover, and the bottom of the vacuum box is provided with a supporting piece.
Further, the laser emitted by the laser emitter and the light source emitted by the external light source device enter the vacuum box through the light-transmitting piece.
In the invention, the optical part mechanism is combined with a test mechanism positioned in a vacuum box, high and low temperature control and micro-scale impact loading are realized through the control of a control system, the dynamic mechanical behavior and the energy dissipation mechanism of the micro-nano scale material are characterized, and a key technical support and a theoretical basis are provided for the application of the material in an extreme environment.
The impact loading means experiment efficiency is obviously improved, the measured data is accurate, abrasion is not easy to occur in the using process, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum and high/low temperature loaded high-speed impact experimental apparatus for micro-particles provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a launch pad provided in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first adjustment member provided in accordance with the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. a vacuum box; 11. a box cover; 12. a light transmissive member; 13. a support member; 14. an observation window; 15. a vacuum pump;
2. a light mechanism; 21. a laser transmitter; 22. a pulse signal generator; 23. an ultra-high speed camera; 24. An external light source device; 25. a lamp control system;
3. a control system;
4. a testing mechanism; 41. a first platform; 42. a launch pad; 421. a constraining layer; 422. an absorbing layer; 423. A polydimethylsiloxane film layer; 43. a temperature measuring device; 44. a second platform; 45. a first fixing member; 46. a sample holder; 47. a first adjustment member; 471. a guide member; 472. a displacement member; 473. an adjustment member;
5. a heating rod;
6. a liquid nitrogen tank;
7. a convex lens;
8. and (3) sampling.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms "connected" and "coupled" are used broadly and may include, for example, a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a vacuum and high/low temperature loaded high-speed impact testing apparatus for microparticles includes: a vacuum box 1;
a testing mechanism 4 for testing and adjusting temperature is arranged in the vacuum box 1, and a sample 8 is arranged on the testing mechanism 4;
a light part mechanism 2 is arranged outside the vacuum box 1;
the vacuum box 1, the testing mechanism 4 and the optical element mechanism 2 are electrically connected to the control system 3.
In this embodiment, the optical part mechanism 2 is combined with the testing mechanism 4 located in the vacuum box 1, high and low temperature control and micro-scale impact loading are realized through the control of the control system 3, the dynamic mechanical behavior and the energy dissipation mechanism of the micro-nano scale material are characterized, and a key technical support and a theoretical basis are provided for the application of the material in an extreme environment.
The impact loading means experiment efficiency is obviously improved, the measured data is accurate, abrasion is not easy to occur in the using process, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
The control system 3 may be a system capable of controlling operation of each component in the prior art, and since the control system 3 is a mature technical solution in the prior art, it is not specifically described here.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the optical device mechanism 2 includes a laser emitter 21 for emitting laser to the testing mechanism 4, an ultra-high speed camera 23 for capturing the impact process of the micro-particles on the sample 8, a pulse signal generator 22 for synchronously triggering the laser emitter 21 and the ultra-high speed camera 23, and an external light source device 24 for illuminating the testing mechanism 4.
In the present embodiment, the high pressure generated by the laser is used to push the micron-sized particles to impact the sample 8 at a high speed, wherein the sample 8 is the target. The in-situ observation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of the material under the micro-scale impact load is realized, the conditions that the impact on the micro-scale cannot be seen and cannot be accurately hit are overcome, and the problem of experimental study on the micro-scale impact dynamic behavior is solved.
The laser emitter 21 is a short pulse high power density laser, and the pulse width of the pulse laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is 10ns, and the wavelength is 532 nm.
According to the experiment requirement, the external light source device 24 is a lamp or a flashlight for illuminating the test mechanism 4 in the vacuum box 1, and the external light source device 24 is controlled by a lamp control system 25. The lamp control system 25 is electrically connected to the control system 3.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the testing mechanism 4 includes a testing unit and a fixing unit.
In the present embodiment, the fixing unit serves to support the test unit and adjust the height and direction of the test unit.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the test unit includes a first platform 41 and a second platform 44;
the first platform 41 is respectively provided with a convex lens 7 for laser to penetrate and focus the laser, and an emitting platform 42 for the laser to penetrate and enable the laser to generate high-temperature and high-pressure plasma;
the second platform 44 is provided with a temperature measuring device 43;
a sample fixing member 46 for placing the sample 8 is arranged between the launching platform 42 and the temperature measuring equipment 43, a heating rod 5 is arranged in the sample fixing member 46, and the end part of the sample fixing member 46 far away from the sample 8 is connected with a liquid nitrogen tank 6.
In this embodiment, the laser emitted from the laser emitter 21 passes through the convex lens 7 and the emitting platform 42 in sequence, so as to realize the high-speed impact of the micron-sized particles on the sample 7. In the experimental process, the heating rod 5 adjusts the target temperature of the vacuum box 1 according to the experimental design requirements.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the emission stage 42 includes a confinement layer 421 disposed on a side close to the convex lens 7 for allowing the laser to pass through without significantly absorbing the energy of the laser, an absorption layer 422 for generating high-temperature and high-pressure plasma after laser ablation is connected to the confinement layer 421 on a side far from the convex lens 7, and a polydimethylsiloxane film 423(PDMS) layer is connected to the absorption layer 422 on a side far from the confinement layer 421.
In this embodiment, the constraint layer 421 is K9 glass with a thickness of 4mm, the absorption layer 422 is a gold film with a thickness of 100 nm. The thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane thin film layer 423 was 100 μm.
The invention obviously improves the experimental efficiency, realizes controllability and is easy to realize the fine measurement of key physical quantity.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the plasma rapidly expands the polydimethylsiloxane thin film layer 423 and drives the microparticles adhered to the polydimethylsiloxane thin film layer 423 to impact the sample 8 at a high speed.
In this embodiment, the PDMS film 423 not only effectively transfers the kinetic energy of the plasma expansion to the microparticles, but also limits the generation of ablation products during the laser loading process, and eliminates the thermal effect during the experiment.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the end of the heating rod 5 on the side away from the sample 8 extends into the liquid nitrogen tank 6.
In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank 6 lowers the temperature of the heating rod 5 to the target temperature.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the fixing unit includes:
a first adjusting piece 47 for supporting and adjusting the height and direction of the first platform 41, wherein the end part of the first adjusting piece 47 far away from the first platform 41 side is connected with a first fixing piece 45;
the end part of the second adjusting piece far away from the second platform side is connected with a second fixing piece;
the first fixing member 45 and the second fixing member are respectively provided with a support frame for fixing the liquid nitrogen tank 6.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the first adjusting member 47 includes a telescopic guide 471 connected to the first platform 41, a horizontally displaceable displacement member 472 is connected to an end of the guide 471 away from the first platform 41, and an adjusting member 473 for adjusting the displacement of the displacement member 472 is provided on the displacement member 472.
The second adjusting member is connected to the second platform, and the other structures and connection methods are the same as those of the first adjusting member 47.
In another embodiment provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of light-transmitting members 12 are disposed on the wall of the vacuum box 1, and a vacuum pump 15 is further connected to the vacuum box 1;
the top of the vacuum box 1 is provided with a box cover 11, and the bottom of the vacuum box 1 is provided with a support 13.
In this embodiment, according to the specific requirements of the experiment, the observation window 14 may be provided on the wall of the vacuum box 1, and the ultra-high speed camera 23 is placed on the wall of the vacuum box 1 at the observation window 14. It is also possible to place the ultra high speed camera 23 outside the vacuum box 1 at the observation window 14, and support the ultra high speed camera 23 by a camera support frame.
The vacuum pump 15 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum box 1, so that loading in a vacuum environment is realized, attenuation of air resistance to microparticle speed and damage of impact waves to materials are effectively filtered, and the characterization of the dynamic mechanical response of the material is more accurate.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, both the laser emitted from the laser emitter 21 and the light emitted from the external light source device 24 enter the vacuum chamber 1 through the light-transmitting member 12;
the ultra-high speed camera 23 can also capture the process of micro-particles impacting the sample 8 at high speed through the light-transmitting member 12.
In the present embodiment, the external light source device 24 is a flashlight, a lamp, or other devices capable of illuminating the inside of the vacuum chamber 1.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be finally explained that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the above-described arrangements in the embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for some of the features of the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vacuum and high low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental apparatus which characterized in that includes:
a vacuum box;
a test mechanism used for testing and adjusting the temperature is arranged in the vacuum box, and a sample is arranged on the test mechanism;
a light part mechanism is arranged outside the vacuum box;
the vacuum box, the testing mechanism and the optical part mechanism are electrically connected to a control system.
2. The vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical element mechanism comprises a laser emitter for emitting laser to the experimental mechanism, an ultra-high speed camera for capturing the impact process of the microparticles on the sample, a pulse signal generator for synchronously triggering the laser emitter and the ultra-high speed camera, and an external light source device for illuminating the experimental mechanism.
3. The vacuum and high and low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the testing mechanism comprises a testing unit and a fixing unit.
4. The vacuum and high and low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device according to claim 3,
the test unit comprises a first platform and a second platform;
the first platform is respectively provided with a convex lens for the laser to penetrate and focus the laser and an emitting platform for the laser to penetrate and enable the laser to generate high-temperature and high-pressure plasma;
the second platform is provided with temperature measuring equipment;
the device comprises a launching platform and temperature measuring equipment, wherein a sample fixing piece used for placing a sample is arranged between the launching platform and the temperature measuring equipment, a heating rod is arranged in the sample fixing piece, and the end part, far away from the sample side, of the sample fixing piece is connected with a liquid nitrogen tank.
5. The vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the emission stage comprises a constraint layer which is arranged at the side close to the convex lens and through which the laser passes without significantly absorbing the energy of the laser, the constraint layer far away from the convex lens is connected with an absorption layer which enables the laser to be ablated to generate high-temperature and high-pressure plasma, and the absorption layer far away from the side of the constraint layer is connected with a polydimethylsiloxane film layer.
6. The vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the plasma makes the polydimethylsiloxane film layer expand rapidly and drives microparticles adhered on the polydimethylsiloxane film layer to impact the sample at high speed.
7. The vacuum and high-low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the end of the heating rod far away from the sample side extends into the liquid nitrogen tank.
8. The vacuum and high and low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device according to claim 5, wherein the fixing unit comprises:
the first adjusting piece is used for supporting and adjusting the height and the direction of the first platform, and a first fixing piece is connected to the end part, far away from the first platform, of the first adjusting piece;
the second adjusting piece is used for supporting and adjusting the height and the direction of the second platform, and the end part of the second adjusting piece far away from the second platform side is connected with a second fixing piece;
and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are respectively provided with a support frame for fixing the liquid nitrogen tank.
9. The vacuum and high and low temperature loaded microparticle high speed impact experimental device according to claim 6,
the wall of the vacuum box is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting pieces, and the vacuum box is also connected with a vacuum pump;
the top of the vacuum box is provided with a box cover, and the bottom of the vacuum box is provided with a supporting piece.
10. The vacuum and high and low temperature loaded microparticle high-speed impact experimental device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the laser emitted by the laser emitter and the light source emitted by the external light source device both enter the vacuum box through the light-transmitting member.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116973382A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Space energy particle and on-orbit service state performance test device and method |
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| CN116973382A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Space energy particle and on-orbit service state performance test device and method |
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