CN114543402A - Heat exchanger, heat exchanger flow path control method, readable storage medium and air conditioner - Google Patents

Heat exchanger, heat exchanger flow path control method, readable storage medium and air conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114543402A
CN114543402A CN202210292377.3A CN202210292377A CN114543402A CN 114543402 A CN114543402 A CN 114543402A CN 202210292377 A CN202210292377 A CN 202210292377A CN 114543402 A CN114543402 A CN 114543402A
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China
Prior art keywords
control valve
heat exchange
heat exchanger
exchange tube
pipeline
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CN202210292377.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114543402B (en
Inventor
张�浩
晏刚
邵艳坡
吴恒
陶骙
樊超超
黎顺全
褚雯霄
陈磊
王秋旺
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Xian Jiaotong University
GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Xian Jiaotong University
GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210292377.3A priority Critical patent/CN114543402B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F25B41/42—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger flow path control method, a readable storage medium and an air conditioner. The heat exchanger comprises a liquid collecting pipe, a gas collecting pipe, a first heat exchange pipe set and a second heat exchange pipe set; two ends of the first heat exchange tube set are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube and the gas collecting tube through a first pipeline and a third pipeline; two ends of the second heat exchange tube set are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube and the gas collecting tube through a second pipeline and a fourth pipeline; the first pipeline is provided with a first control valve, and the fourth pipeline is provided with a second control valve; the first end of the third control valve is connected with one end of the first control valve far away from the liquid collecting pipe, and the second end of the third control valve is connected with one end of the second control valve far away from the gas collecting pipe. The technical scheme of the invention can switch different numbers of heat exchange flow paths between different operation modes.

Description

Heat exchanger, heat exchanger flow path control method, readable storage medium and air conditioner
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household appliances, in particular to a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger flow path control method, a readable storage medium and an air conditioner applying the heat exchanger.
Background
For the existing heat pump air conditioner heat exchanger, the flow paths of the heat exchanger are the same under various operation states of refrigeration, heating and different operation frequencies, and a great deal of research shows that the optimal flow paths of the indoor and outdoor heat exchangers are different under the conditions of refrigeration, heating and different frequencies. When the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the pressure loss is small, and at the moment, the flow velocity of a refrigerant is improved by adopting a small number of branches to increase the heat exchange coefficient; when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, compared with the influence of flow velocity on heat exchange coefficient when a unit runs at medium-high frequency, logarithmic mean temperature difference generated by pressure loss reduces the dominant factor on the influence of heat exchange quantity, and at the moment, a large number of branches are needed to improve the heat exchange quantity. Therefore, the flow path of the heat exchanger cannot be changed according to different actual operation conditions for the same heat exchanger.
The prior art hollow heat exchanger also changes a flow path in an evaporation/condensation mode, but the prior heat exchanger has stronger specificity and low modularization degree, and is difficult to adapt to a high-capacity air conditioner with large heat exchange area; when the flow path changes, only a plurality of flow paths are increased or decreased, and the change modes are few; when various changes are added to the flow path, more valves need to be added, the control is complex, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a heat exchanger, aiming at solving the problem that more valves are required to change various flow paths.
In order to achieve the purpose, the heat exchanger provided by the invention comprises a liquid collecting pipe, a gas collecting pipe, a first heat exchange pipe group, a second heat exchange pipe group and a control valve assembly; two ends of the first heat exchange tube set are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube and the gas collecting tube through a first pipeline and a third pipeline; two ends of the second heat exchange tube set are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube and the gas collecting tube through a second pipeline and a fourth pipeline; the control valve assembly comprises a first control valve, a second control valve and a third control valve; the first control valve is arranged on the first pipeline, and the second control valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline; the third control valve is provided with a first end and a second end which are communicated with each other, the first end is connected with one end, far away from the liquid collecting pipe, of the first control valve, and the second end is connected with one end, far away from the gas collecting pipe, of the second control valve.
Optionally, the first control valve is a first check valve, and a conducting direction of the first check valve is a direction from the liquid collecting pipe to the first heat exchange tube set; and/or the second control valve is a second one-way valve, and the conduction direction of the second one-way valve is the direction from the second heat exchange tube set to the gas collecting pipe.
Optionally, the first heat exchange tube group and the second heat exchange tube group are both provided with at least two heat exchange tube groups, at least two first heat exchange tube groups are arranged in parallel, and at least two second heat exchange tube groups are arranged in parallel.
Optionally, one third control valve is arranged, and one end of each first heat exchange tube group close to the liquid collecting tube is communicated with the first end of the third control valve; one end, close to the gas collecting pipe, of each second heat exchange pipe group is communicated with the second end of the third control valve; or at least two third control valves are arranged, the first end of each third control valve is connected with one end, close to the liquid collecting pipe, of the first heat exchange pipe group, and the second end of each third control valve and one end, close to the gas collecting pipe, of the second heat exchange pipe group.
Optionally, the number of the first heat exchange tube sets is equal to the number of the second heat exchange tube sets.
The invention also provides a heat exchanger flow path control method based on the heat exchanger flow path control method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring an operation mode of the heat exchanger;
and controlling the opening and closing states of the first control valve and the second control valve to be the same and controlling the opening and closing states of the third control valve and the first control valve to be opposite according to the acquired operation mode of the heat exchanger.
Optionally, the step of obtaining the operation mode of the heat exchanger includes:
acquiring the flow direction of a refrigerant;
and judging the running state of the heat exchanger according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant.
Optionally, when the flow direction of the refrigerant flows from the liquid collecting pipe to the gas collecting pipe, judging that the obtained heat exchanger is in an evaporation operation mode, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be communicated, and controlling the third control valve to be closed;
and when the flow direction of the obtained refrigerant flows from the gas collecting pipe to the liquid collecting pipe, judging that the heat exchanger is in a condensation operation mode, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed, and controlling the third control valve to be opened.
Optionally, the heat exchanger is applied to an air conditioner, the air conditioner further includes a four-way valve, the four-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger, and the method for controlling the flow path of the heat exchanger further includes:
acquiring the state of the four-way valve;
when the four-way valve is in a first state, sending a first signal to the heat exchanger, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be conducted, and controlling the third control valve to be closed;
and when the four-way valve is in a second state, sending a second signal to the heat exchanger, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed, and controlling the third control valve to be opened.
The invention also provides a readable storage medium, wherein the readable storage medium stores a flow path control program of the heat exchanger, and the flow path control program of the heat exchanger realizes the steps of the flow path control method of the heat exchanger when being executed by a processor.
The invention also provides an air conditioner which comprises the heat exchanger.
Optionally, the air conditioner includes an outdoor unit, and the heat exchanger is disposed in the outdoor unit.
According to the technical scheme, when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, liquid phase-change working media enter from the liquid collecting pipe; by switching on the second control valve, the phase change working medium can flow out from the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline and jointly join the phase change working medium into the gas collecting pipe; the number of the flow paths of the phase change working medium in the state is the sum of the first heat exchange tube group and the second heat exchange tube group, namely, the number of the flow paths is large, so that the heat exchange quantity in an evaporation mode is improved, and a better heat exchange effect is realized. When the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, gaseous phase-change working medium enters from the gas collecting pipe; the first control valve and the second control valve are closed by conducting the third control valve, the first heat exchange tube group and the second heat exchange tube group are connected in series, and the phase change working medium flowing out of the gas collecting pipe flows to the liquid collecting pipe after heat exchange through the first heat exchange tube group and the second heat exchange tube group, so that the number of flow paths is reduced in a condensing mode, the flow speed of the phase change working medium is increased, the heat exchange coefficient is increased, and a better heat exchange effect is also realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger in a heat exchanger of the present invention, both of which are single-row heat exchangers;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the heat exchanger of the present invention as an evaporator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the heat exchanger of the present invention as a condenser;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchanger of the present invention in which only one third control valve is provided;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat exchanger of the present invention with an extra-cold heat exchange tube set and a common heat exchange tube set.
The reference numbers illustrate:
reference numerals Name (R) Reference numerals Name (R)
100 Liquid collecting pipe 200 Gas collecting pipe
300 First heat exchange tube group 400 Second heat exchange tube group
510 First control valve 520 Second control valve
530 Third control valve 610 First pipeline
620 Second pipeline 630 Third pipeline
640 Fourth pipeline 700 Supercooling heat exchange tube set
800 Commonly used heat exchange tube set
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a heat exchanger.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the heat exchanger includes a liquid collecting pipe 100, a gas collecting pipe 200, a first heat exchange pipe set 300, a second heat exchange pipe set 400, and a control valve assembly; both ends of the first heat exchange tube set 300 are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube 100 and the gas collecting tube 200 through a first pipeline 610 and a third pipeline 630; two ends of the second heat exchange tube set 400 are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube 100 and the gas collecting tube 200 through a second pipeline 620 and a fourth pipeline 640; the control valve assembly includes a first control valve 510, a second control valve 520, and a third control valve 530; the first control valve 510 is arranged on the first pipeline 610, and the second control valve 520 is arranged on the fourth pipeline 640; the third control valve 530 has a first end connected to an end of the first control valve 510 away from the liquid collecting pipe 100 and a second end connected to an end of the second control valve 520 away from the gas collecting pipe 200, which are communicated with each other.
According to the technical scheme, when the heat exchanger modules are in different running states, the switching effect of different numbers of flow paths can be achieved. It can be understood that when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, the logarithmic mean temperature difference generated by the pressure loss is reduced to have a dominant influence on the heat exchange quantity compared with the influence of the flow speed on the heat exchange coefficient, and the heat exchange quantity is expected to be improved by adopting more flow paths. Specifically, when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are both turned on, the third control valve 530 is turned off, two ends of the first heat exchange tube group 300 are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube 100 and the gas collecting tube 200 through the first pipeline 610 and the third pipeline 630, two ends of the second heat exchange tube group 400 are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube 100 and the gas collecting tube 200 through the second pipeline 620 and the fourth pipeline 640, so that the phase change medium entering from the liquid collecting tube 100 is firstly divided into two paths to flow, and one path of the two paths flows through the first pipeline 610 (including the first control valve 510) and the first heat exchange tube group 300 in sequence; the other path flows through the second pipe 620 and the second heat exchange tube set 400. Then, the gas is formed by heat exchange in the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 at the same time, and the gas is converged into the gas collecting pipe 200 through the third pipe 630 and the fourth pipe 640, respectively. Therefore, when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, the phase-change working fluid can flow through the (a + B) flow paths at the same time, defining the number of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 as a and B, respectively.
When the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the influence of the flow velocity of the phase change working medium on the heat exchange quantity is the dominant factor, and at the moment, the heat exchange coefficient is hopefully increased by adopting fewer flow paths. Specifically, when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, by closing the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous phase-change working medium entering from the gas collecting pipe 200 flows into the first heat exchange pipe set 300 through the third pipeline 630 only for heat exchange, so that the phase-change working medium is condensed into a liquid state. Then, since the first control valve 510 on the first pipe 610 communicating with the first heat exchange tube set 300 is in a cut-off state, the phase change working medium does not flow from the first pipe 610 into the liquid collection pipe 100; however, by turning on the third control valve 530, the phase-change working medium after heat exchange by the first heat exchange tube set 300 enters the second heat exchange tube set 400 to exchange heat again to form more liquid phase-change working medium, and then flows from the second heat exchange tube set 400 to the second pipeline 620, and flows from the second pipeline 620 to the liquid collecting pipe 100; and from the second heat exchange tube set 400 into the third pipe 630 and the outflow pipe in sequence, and finally out of the outflow pipe. Thus, when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, defining the number of first heat exchange tube sets 300 and second heat exchange tube sets 400 as a and B, respectively, the phase change working fluid may first flow through the a primary heat exchange flow paths simultaneously and then flow through the B subcooling flow paths simultaneously. It is understood that the number of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 may be the same, and when the number of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 is the same, the number of the heat exchange flow paths of the heat exchanger in the technical solution of the present invention when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator is 2 times the number of the heat exchange flow paths of the heat exchanger when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser.
It should be noted that the flow direction of the phase change working medium of the heat exchanger in the technical solution of the present invention may flow from the liquid collecting pipe 100 to the gas collecting pipe 200, or from the gas collecting pipe 200 to the liquid collecting pipe 100, so the heat exchanger in the technical solution of the present invention is applicable to an air conditioner that can have a cooling function and a heating function, for example, when the air conditioner is in a heating mode, it is used as an evaporator in an outdoor unit in the air conditioner; or as a condenser in an outdoor unit of the air conditioner when the air conditioner is in a cooling mode. According to the technical scheme, the phase change working media with different numbers of flow paths in different operation modes can be circulated only by adding three control valves in the heat exchanger, and more flow paths can be realized in the operation state when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator by controlling the conduction and the cut-off of the three valves, so that the heat exchange amount is increased, and the heat exchange effect in the evaporation state is improved; and the heat exchanger has the effect of fewer flow paths in the running state when being used as a condenser, thereby improving the flow velocity of the phase-change working medium and improving the heat exchange effect in the condensing state. Therefore, the heat exchanger can adapt to different running states and has better heat exchange effect under different running states.
In addition, both the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 in the heat exchanger in the technical scheme of the invention can be modularized, that is, when a large-load mode with a large heat exchange area is required, the number of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and/or the second heat exchange tube set 400 can be increased only by connecting in parallel, and other control valve sets are not required to be additionally added, so that the effect of different heat exchange flow paths in different operation modes can be realized, therefore, the heat exchanger in the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of modularization and strong universality, can be suitable for various different operation states, and can flexibly increase the number of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and/or the second heat exchange tube set 400. In addition, according to the technical scheme of the invention, the control of any number of the first heat exchange tube group 300 and the second heat exchange tube group 400 can be realized only by arranging three control valves, and the effect of increasing any number of heat exchange flow paths or reducing any number of heat exchange flow paths can be realized by the three control valves.
According to the technical scheme, when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, liquid phase-change working media enter from the liquid collecting pipe 100; by switching on the first control valve 510, the phase change working medium flowing out of the liquid collecting pipe 100 simultaneously flows to the first heat exchange pipe set 300 and the second heat exchange pipe set 400 along the first pipeline 610 and the second pipeline 620 respectively, and forms a gaseous phase change working medium after heat exchange by the first heat exchange pipe set 300 and then flows to the third pipeline 630, forms a gaseous phase change working medium after heat exchange by the second heat exchange pipe set 400 and then flows to the fourth pipeline 640, and by switching on the second control valve 520, the phase change working medium can flow out from the third pipeline 630 and the fourth pipeline 640 and jointly join the gas collecting pipe 200; the number of the flow paths of the phase change working medium in this state is the sum of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400, that is, the number of the flow paths is large, so that the heat exchange amount in the evaporation mode is increased, and a good heat exchange effect is realized. When the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, gaseous phase-change working medium enters from the gas collecting pipe 200; by turning on the third control valve 530 to stop the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520, the first heat exchange tube set 300 is connected in series with the second heat exchange tube set 400, and the phase change working medium flowing out of the gas collecting pipe 200 flows to the liquid collecting pipe 100 after heat exchange through the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400, so that the number of flow paths is reduced in a condensing mode, the flow rate of the phase change working medium is increased, the heat exchange coefficient is increased, and a better heat exchange effect is also realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, or fig. 5, the first control valve 510 is a first check valve, and a conduction direction of the first check valve is a direction from the header pipe 100 to the first heat exchange tube group 300; and/or the second control valve 520 is a second one-way valve, and the conduction direction of the second one-way valve is the direction from the second heat exchange tube set 400 to the gas collecting pipe 200.
It will be appreciated that the check valve is only conductive in one flow path direction and is not conductive in the other direction opposite to that direction, and that by using the first control valve 510 as a check valve, the provision of a program for controlling the opening and closing of the first control valve 510 by another control means can be eliminated. Specifically, the conduction direction of the first check valve is defined such that the phase-change working fluid flows from the liquid collecting pipe 100 to the gas collecting pipe 200, but not such that the phase-change working fluid flows from the gas collecting pipe 200 to the liquid collecting pipe 100. Likewise, the conducting direction of the second check valve is also defined to allow the phase-change working medium to flow from the liquid collecting pipe 100 to the gas collecting pipe 200, but not to allow the phase-change working medium to flow from the gas collecting pipe 200 to the liquid collecting pipe 100. Taking the first control valve 510 disposed on the first pipeline 610 and the second control valve 520 disposed on the fourth pipeline 640 as an example, such arrangement can be realized that when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, the first check valve disposed on the first pipeline 610 allows the phase-change working medium to flow on the first pipeline 610, the second check valve disposed on the fourth pipeline 640 also allows the phase-change working medium to flow on the fourth pipeline 640, so that the phase-change working medium can at least have a flow path flowing out of the liquid collecting pipe 100 and sequentially passing through the first pipeline 610, the first heat exchange tube group 300, the third pipeline 630 to the gas collecting pipe 200, and a flow path flowing out of the liquid collecting pipe 100 and sequentially passing through the second pipeline 620, the second heat exchange tube group 400, the fourth pipeline 640 to the gas collecting pipe 200.
When the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the phase-change working medium flows out of the gas collecting pipe 200 and enters the second heat exchange pipe set 400 through the third pipeline 630, the first heat exchange pipe set 300 and the third control valve 530; it can be understood that after the phase change working medium exchanges heat from the first heat exchange tube set 300, the pressure of the phase change working medium after flowing out is lower than the pressure when the phase change working medium enters the first heat exchange tube set 300, and therefore is also lower than the pressure of the second one-way valve at the end close to the gas collecting pipe 200, so that the second one-way valve passes through the third control valve 530, even if the phase change working medium enters the end close to the gas collecting pipe 200 of the second heat exchange tube set 400, the phase change working medium does not flow back to the gas collecting pipe 200 through the second one-way valve, but continues to exchange heat through the second heat exchange tube set 400 and enters the second pipeline 620, and then enters the liquid collecting pipe 100.
Of course, in other embodiments, the first control valve 510 and/or the second control valve 520 may be solenoid valves. When the first control valve 510 and/or the second control valve 520 are solenoid valves, the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 can be controlled to be in an open state when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, and the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 can be controlled to be in a closed state when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, the third control valve 530 is a solenoid valve.
By setting the third control valve 530 as a solenoid valve, the third control valve 530 in the present embodiment is defined to be opened only when the heat exchanger functions as a condenser, and not opened when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator. In this embodiment, when the first control valve 510 is disposed on the first pipeline 610 and the second control valve 520 is disposed on the fourth pipeline 640, since the first end of the third control valve 530 is connected to the end of the first control valve 510 away from the liquid collecting pipe 100 and the second end is connected to the end of the second control valve 520 away from the gas collecting pipe 200, when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the phase-change working medium flowing out of the gas collecting pipe 200 flows to the first heat exchange tube set 300 through the third pipeline 630, and after heat exchange is performed by the first heat exchange tube set 300, the phase-change working medium enters the second heat exchange tube set 400 through the third control valve 530 to continue heat exchange, and then flows into the liquid collecting pipe 100 through the second pipeline 620.
When the first control valve 510 is disposed on the second pipeline 620 and the second control valve 520 is disposed on the third pipeline 630, since the first end of the third control valve 530 is connected to the end of the first control valve 510 away from the liquid collecting pipe 100 and the second end is connected to the end of the second control valve 520 away from the gas collecting pipe 200, when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the phase-change medium flowing out of the gas collecting pipe 200 flows to the second heat exchange tube set 400 through the fourth pipeline 640, and after heat exchange is performed by the second heat exchange tube set 400, the phase-change medium enters the first heat exchange tube set 300 through the third control valve 530 to continue heat exchange, and then flows into the liquid collecting pipe 100 through the first pipeline 610.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, or fig. 5, at least two first heat exchange tube sets 300 are provided in parallel, and at least two second heat exchange tube sets 400 are provided in parallel.
By providing at least two first heat exchange tube sets 300 and providing at least two first heat exchange tube sets 300 in parallel, the number of flow paths when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator can be increased, and the number of flow paths when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser can also be increased. It is understood that the number of the first heat exchange tube sets 300 may be the same as or different from the number of the second heat exchange tube sets 400. When the first heat exchange tube group 300 and the second heat exchange tube group 400 are the same in number and are each provided with N, the number of flow paths when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator is 2N, and the number of flow paths when the heat exchanger functions as a condenser is N. Where N is an integer, and may be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
As shown in fig. 4 or 5, based on the scheme that at least two first heat exchange tube sets 300 and at least two second heat exchange tube sets 400 are provided, in the embodiment, one third control valve 530 is provided, and one end of each first heat exchange tube set 300 close to the liquid collecting pipe 100 is communicated with the first end; one end of each second heat exchange tube set 400 near the gas collecting pipe 200 communicates with the second end.
By providing one third control valve 530, it is only necessary to control the on/off of the one third control valve 530, and it is possible to control whether the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 are arranged in series or in parallel. Specifically, when the third control valve 530 is controlled to be opened, the module group of all the first heat exchange tube sets 300 arranged in parallel and the module group of all the second heat exchange tube sets 400 arranged in parallel can be controlled to be connected together in series, so that the number of the flow paths of the phase-change working medium is reduced, and the connection state of the heat exchanger as a condenser can be realized. When the third control valve 530 is controlled to be closed, all the first heat exchange tube sets 300 and all the second heat exchange tube sets 400 can be controlled to be connected together in parallel, so that the number of the flow paths of the phase-change working medium is increased, and the connection state of the heat exchanger as an evaporator can be realized.
Of course, as shown in fig. 1, 2 or 3, there may be at least two third control valves 530, and each third control valve 530 is connected between a first heat exchange tube set 300 and a second heat exchange tube set 400, and connects the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 in series when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser.
When the third control valves 530 are provided in at least two, a first heat exchange pipe set 300 and a second heat exchange pipe set 400 may be used as one connection module, and each third control valve 530 may correspond to one connection module. Specifically, a first end of each third control valve 530 is connected to one end of a first heat exchange tube set 300 close to the liquid collecting pipe 100, a second end of each third control valve 530 is connected to one end of a second heat exchange tube set 400 close to the liquid collecting pipe 200, and when each third control valve 530 is connected between the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 in each connection module so that the heat exchanger functions as a condenser, the first heat exchange tube set 300 is connected in series with the second heat exchange tube set 400, and each third control valve 530 controls a module formed by combining a set of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400, so that the control of the number of flow paths of the whole heat exchanger is more flexible. For example, when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, all the third control valves 530 can be opened, which ensures that each third control valve 530 can control a module composed of a first heat exchange tube set 300 and a second heat exchange tube set 400, and the first heat exchange tube set 300 is connected in series with the second heat exchange tube set 400, so that the path of the phase change working medium when the first heat exchange tube set 300 flows to the second heat exchange tube set 400 (or the second heat exchange tube set 400 flows to the first heat exchange tube set 300) is short, and the condition that the whole heat exchanger cannot work when one of the third control valves 530 is damaged can be avoided. Of course, a part of the third control valves 530 may be selectively opened, in which case, a short path between the first heat exchange tube group 300 and the second heat exchange tube group 400 connected to the opened third control valves 530 can be ensured, and the first heat exchange tube group 300 and the second heat exchange tube group 400 connected to the unopened third control valves 530 need to bypass a pipeline where the opened third control valves 530 are located, so that the serial connection effect of the two is realized through the pipeline. It should be noted that, when the heat exchanger in this embodiment is used as an evaporator and at least two third control valves 530 are provided in the heat exchanger, all the third control valves 530 need to be in a closed state, and the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 in the heat exchanger are opened.
Further, referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, the first heat exchange tube set 300 is a dual heat exchange tube set or a single heat exchange tube set; and/or the second bank of heat exchange tubes 400 is a dual bank of heat exchange tubes or a single bank of heat exchange tubes. Wherein the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 in fig. 1 are both single-row heat exchange tube sets, and the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 in fig. 2 are both dual-row heat exchange tube sets.
Whether the first heat exchange tube set 300 is a double-row heat exchange tube or a single-row heat exchange tube, it has two mutually communicated ports, and it is a pipeline for the phase change working medium to enter from one port and flow out from the other port. It will be appreciated that when the first heat exchange bank 300 is a dual bank of heat exchange tubes, it may pass through and two single bank heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel and the outlet of one of the two single bank heat exchange tubes is connected to the inlet of the other by an intermediate line. Of course, the type of the second heat exchange bank 400 may be the same as or different from the type of the first heat exchange bank 300, and the second heat exchange bank 400 may also be a dual bank heat exchange bank or a single bank heat exchange bank.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the heat exchanger further includes a supercooling heat exchange tube set 700, and the supercooling heat exchange tube set 700 is connected to one end of the liquid collecting tube 100 away from the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400.
By arranging the supercooling heat exchange tube set 700 at one end of the liquid collecting tube 100, which is far away from the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400, when the heat exchanger in the technical scheme of the invention is used as a condenser, the phase change working medium can be subcooled by the supercooling heat exchange tube set 700 after heat exchange is carried out by the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400, so that the heat exchange energy efficiency can be further improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, based on the scheme that the first control valve 510 is disposed on the first pipeline 610, and the second control valve 520 is disposed on the fourth pipeline 640, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger further includes a common heat exchange tube set 800, one end of the common heat exchange tube set 800 is connected to the second pipeline 620, and the other end is connected to the third pipeline 630.
One end of the common heat exchange tube set 800 is connected to the second pipeline 620, and the other end of the common heat exchange tube set 800 is connected to the third pipeline 630, so that the common heat exchange tube set 800 is in a normal flow state, and the common heat exchange tube set 800 is not affected by the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve, the switching valve group and the like. That is, the common heat exchange tube set 800 can be circulated with the phase change working medium regardless of whether the first solenoid valve and/or the switching valve set is in the open state or the closed state, and enables the phase change working medium to flow from the inflow tube to the outflow tube.
Of course, in another embodiment, when the first control valve 510 is disposed on the second pipeline 620 and the second control valve 520 is disposed on the third pipeline 630, in this embodiment, one end of the common heat exchange tube set 800 is connected to the first pipeline 610, and the other end is connected to the fourth pipeline 640.
It is understood that the conventional heat exchange tube set 800 may be provided with one, two, or more. Defining the number of the common heat exchange tube sets 800 as M, and when the numbers of the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 are both N, the number of the heat exchange flow paths through which the phase change working medium flows is (2N + M) when the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator; when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the number of the heat exchange flow paths through which the phase change working medium flows is (N + M). The values of N and M can be the same or different, N and M are integers, and the values of N and M can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
The invention further provides an air conditioner, which comprises a heat exchanger, the specific structure of the heat exchanger refers to the above embodiments, and the air conditioner adopts all the technical schemes of all the above embodiments, so that the air conditioner at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the above embodiments, and the details are not repeated herein.
Further, the air conditioner may be a split type air conditioner, that is, the air conditioner includes an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, and the indoor unit and the outdoor unit are connected by a refrigerant pipe. Specifically, a first heat exchange module is arranged in the indoor unit, a second heat exchange module is arranged in the outdoor unit, and the first heat exchange module, the second heat exchange module and the compressor are connected through refrigerant pipes to form a circulation loop. The heat exchanger in the technical scheme of the invention can be arranged in an indoor unit, namely, the heat exchanger is used as a first heat exchange module; or the heat exchanger in the technical scheme of the invention can also be arranged in an outdoor unit, namely, the heat exchanger is used as a second heat exchange module.
The invention also provides a flow path control method applying the heat exchanger, and the specific implementation mode of the heat exchanger can refer to each embodiment of the heat exchanger, which is not described herein again.
The heat exchanger flow path control method includes:
step S1: acquiring an operation mode of a heat exchanger;
step S2: according to the obtained operation mode of the heat exchanger, the opening and closing states of the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be the same, and the opening and closing states of the third control valve 530 and the first control valve 510 are controlled to be opposite.
Specifically, when the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 can be both in an open state, i.e., a conducting state, the third control valve 530 is in a closed state, i.e., a blocking state. When the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 can be both in the closed state, i.e., the off state, the third control valve 530 is in the open state, i.e., the on state. The first control valve 510 may be a one-way valve or a two-way solenoid valve. When the first control valve 510 is a check valve, the first control valve 510 is conducted in a direction from the liquid collecting pipe 100 to the gas collecting pipe 200 so that the heat exchanger has more heat exchange flow paths when it is used as an evaporator and less heat exchange flow paths when it is used as a condenser. Likewise, the second control valve 520 may be a one-way valve or a two-way solenoid valve. When the second control valve 520 is a check valve, the second check valve is turned on in a direction from the liquid collecting pipe 100 to the gas collecting pipe 200 so that the heat exchanger has more heat exchange flow paths when it is used as an evaporator and less heat exchange flow paths when it is used as a condenser.
When the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be opened simultaneously and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be closed, the phase-change working medium can flow in from the liquid collecting pipe 100, and respectively flow into the first heat exchange tube set 300 through the first pipeline 610 and the first control valve 510 and flow into the second heat exchange tube set 400 through the second pipeline 620, the phase-change working medium flowing out from the first heat exchange tube set 300 flows into the gas collecting pipe 200 through the third pipeline 630, and the phase-change working medium flowing out from the second heat exchange tube set 400 flows into the gas collecting pipe 200 through the fourth pipeline 640 and the second control valve 520. The heat exchanger can provide more heat exchange flow paths for the phase change working medium, and can be used as an evaporator.
When the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be closed simultaneously and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be opened, in order to enable the phase-change working medium to flow between the liquid collecting pipe 100 and the gas collecting pipe 200, the phase-change working medium can flow into the gas collecting pipe 200 and flow into the liquid collecting pipe 100 through the third pipeline 630, the first heat exchange pipe group 300, the third control valve 530, the second heat exchange pipe group 400 and the second pipeline 620 in sequence. At the moment, the heat exchanger can only provide a few heat exchange flow paths for the phase change working medium, and can be used when the heat exchanger is used as a condenser.
The heat exchanger in the invention can realize the effect that the number of the heat exchange flow paths of the heat exchanger can be changed only by adjusting the opening and closing of the first control valve 510, the second control valve 520 and the third control valve 530, so that the heat exchanger has the heat exchange flow paths with the number corresponding to the number of the heat exchange flow paths in the operation modes, and the heat exchanger has better heat exchange effect in different operation modes. In addition, the first heat exchange tube set 300 and the second heat exchange tube set 400 in the invention can be modularized, so that the number of flow paths can be increased at will, and the heat exchange flow paths of the heat exchanger can be changed in many ways without increasing the number of control valves when the number of flow paths is increased and decreased at will.
In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the operation mode of the heat exchanger includes:
acquiring the flow direction of a refrigerant;
and judging the running state of the heat exchanger according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant.
When the heat exchanger is applied to different operation modes, the flow directions of the refrigerants in the heat exchanger are different, the operation state of the heat exchanger can be indirectly judged by acquiring the flow direction of the refrigerants, and then the effect of prompting signals can be achieved for the opening or closing state of each control valve.
Specifically, when the flow direction of the acquired refrigerant is the direction from the header 100 to the header 200, it is determined that the heat exchanger is in the evaporation operation mode, and the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 may be controlled to be simultaneously opened, and the third control valve 530 may be controlled to be closed.
With such arrangement, the phase-change working medium can flow in from the liquid collecting pipe 100, and respectively flow into the first heat exchange tube set 300 through the first pipeline 610 and the first control valve 510 and flow into the second heat exchange tube set 400 through the second pipeline 620, the phase-change working medium flowing out from the first heat exchange tube set 300 flows into the gas collecting pipe 200 through the third pipeline 630, and the phase-change working medium flowing out from the second heat exchange tube set 400 flows into the gas collecting pipe 200 through the fourth pipeline 640 and the second control valve 520, so that the number of heat exchange flow paths is increased, the requirement of heat exchange amount can be increased when the phase-change working medium is used as an evaporator, and the heat exchange efficiency is higher.
When the flow direction of the acquired refrigerant is the flow direction from the gas collecting pipe 200 to the liquid collecting pipe 100, and the heat exchanger is determined to be in the condenser operation mode, the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be closed at the same time, and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be opened.
With such an arrangement, the phase change working medium can flow in from the gas collecting pipe 200 and sequentially flow into the liquid collecting pipe 100 through the third pipeline 630, the first heat exchange tube group 300, the third control valve 530, the second heat exchange tube group 400 and the second pipeline 620, so that the number of heat exchange flow paths is reduced, the requirement of high heat exchange coefficient when the heat exchange flow paths are used as a condenser is met, and a good heat exchange effect can be achieved.
In another embodiment, the heat exchanger is applied to an air conditioner, the air conditioner further includes a four-way valve, the four-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger flow path control method further includes:
acquiring the state of the four-way valve;
when the four-way valve is in a first state, a first signal is sent to the heat exchanger, the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be conducted, and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be closed;
when the four-way valve is in the second state, a second signal is sent to the heat exchanger, the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be closed, and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be opened.
In an air conditioner having both cooling and heating functions, a four-way valve is generally provided, and the four-way valve has different states in a cooling state and a heating state, respectively. By monitoring the state of the four-way valve, whether the air conditioner is in a cooling mode or a heating mode can be judged, and then a signal can be sent to the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchanger correspondingly operates a suitable operation mode, namely, a signal is sent to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is in an evaporation operation mode or a condensation operation mode. In the invention, the states of the four-way valve comprise a first state and a second state, wherein the first state corresponds to the heating state of the air conditioner, and the corresponding first signal is an evaporation operation signal; the second state corresponds to the refrigeration state of the air conditioner, and the corresponding second signal is a condensation operation signal. Specifically, the first state and the second state may be an energized state and a de-energized state, respectively, or the first state and the second state may be a de-energized state and an energized state, respectively.
Taking the first state as an energized state and the second state as a de-energized state as an example, when it is obtained that the four-way valve is in the energized state, a first signal is sent to the heat exchanger, that is, an evaporation operation signal is sent to the heat exchanger, so that the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be turned on, and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be turned off. When the four-way valve is in a power-off state, a second signal is sent to the heat exchanger, namely, a condensation operation signal is sent to the heat exchanger, so that the first control valve 510 and the second control valve 520 are controlled to be closed, and the third control valve 530 is controlled to be opened, at this moment, the heat exchanger can have a small number of heat exchange flow paths in the condensation operation state, and the number of the heat exchange flow paths is half of the number of the heat exchange flow paths in the evaporation operation state of the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange flow paths are few, the flow speed of the phase-change working medium is increased, and the heat exchange effect in the condensation state is improved. .
The invention also provides a readable storage medium, wherein the readable storage medium stores a flow path control program of the heat exchanger, and the flow path control program of the heat exchanger realizes the steps of the flow path control method of the heat exchanger when being executed by a processor.
For specific implementation of the readable storage medium of the present invention, reference may be made to the above embodiments of the heat exchanger flow path control method, which are not described herein again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. A heat exchanger, comprising:
a liquid collecting pipe;
a gas collecting pipe;
the two ends of the first heat exchange tube set are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube and the gas collecting tube through a first pipeline and a third pipeline;
the two ends of the second heat exchange tube set are respectively communicated with the liquid collecting tube and the gas collecting tube through a second pipeline and a fourth pipeline; and
a control valve assembly including a first control valve, a second control valve, and a third control valve;
the first control valve is arranged on the first pipeline, and the second control valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline;
the third control valve is provided with a first end and a second end which are communicated with each other, the first end is connected with one end, far away from the liquid collecting pipe, of the first control valve, and the second end is connected with one end, far away from the gas collecting pipe, of the second control valve.
2. The heat exchanger as recited in claim 1 wherein said first control valve is a first check valve, a direction of conductance of said first check valve being in a direction from said header to said first heat exchange tube set;
and/or the second control valve is a second one-way valve, and the conduction direction of the second one-way valve is the direction from the second heat exchange tube set to the gas collecting pipe.
3. The heat exchanger as recited in claim 1 wherein said first heat exchange tube group and said second heat exchange tube group are each provided in at least two, at least two of said first heat exchange tube groups being arranged in parallel, and at least two of said second heat exchange tube groups being arranged in parallel.
4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, wherein there is one third control valve, and one end of each of the first heat exchange tube groups adjacent to the header pipe communicates with the first end; one end of each second heat exchange tube group close to the gas collecting tube is communicated with the second end;
or at least two third control valves are arranged, the first end of each third control valve is connected with one end, close to the liquid collecting pipe, of the first heat exchange pipe group, and the second end of each third control valve and one end, close to the gas collecting pipe, of the second heat exchange pipe group.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of the first heat exchange tube sets and the second heat exchange tube sets is equal.
6. A heat exchanger flow path control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
acquiring an operation mode of the heat exchanger;
and controlling the opening and closing states of the first control valve and the second control valve to be the same and controlling the opening and closing states of the third control valve and the first control valve to be opposite according to the acquired operation mode of the heat exchanger.
7. The heat exchanger flow path control method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said step of obtaining an operation mode of said heat exchanger includes:
acquiring the flow direction of a refrigerant;
and judging the running state of the heat exchanger according to the flowing direction of the refrigerant.
8. The flow path control method for the heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein when the flow direction of the obtained refrigerant flows from the header pipe to the header pipe, it is determined that the heat exchanger is in an evaporation operation mode, the first control valve and the second control valve are controlled to be opened, and the third control valve is controlled to be closed;
and when the flow direction of the obtained refrigerant flows from the gas collecting pipe to the liquid collecting pipe, judging that the heat exchanger is in a condensation operation mode, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed, and controlling the third control valve to be opened.
9. The heat exchanger flow path control method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the heat exchanger is applied to an air conditioner, the air conditioner further includes a four-way valve, the four-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger flow path control method further includes:
acquiring the state of the four-way valve;
when the four-way valve is in a first state, sending a first signal to the heat exchanger, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be conducted, and controlling the third control valve to be closed;
and when the four-way valve is in a second state, sending a second signal to the heat exchanger, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed, and controlling the third control valve to be opened.
10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that the readable storage medium has stored thereon a flow path control program for a heat exchanger, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the heat exchanger flow path control method according to any one of claims 6 to 9.
11. An air conditioner characterized by comprising the heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
12. The air conditioner of claim 11, wherein the air conditioner includes an outdoor unit, and the heat exchanger is provided in the outdoor unit.
CN202210292377.3A 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Heat exchanger, heat exchanger flow path control method, readable storage medium and air conditioner Active CN114543402B (en)

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