CN114542358B - Life assessment method, device, system and computer-readable storage medium - Google Patents

Life assessment method, device, system and computer-readable storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114542358B
CN114542358B CN202210145245.8A CN202210145245A CN114542358B CN 114542358 B CN114542358 B CN 114542358B CN 202210145245 A CN202210145245 A CN 202210145245A CN 114542358 B CN114542358 B CN 114542358B
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filter screen
life
carbon brush
weight
concentration
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CN114542358A (en
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罗显莅
万慧明
陈旭
周军长
赵政雷
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Dongfang Electric Machinery Co Ltd DEC
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Dongfang Electric Machinery Co Ltd DEC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/08—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/24—Reminder alarms, e.g. anti-loss alarms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a life evaluation method, a life evaluation device, a life evaluation system and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the life evaluation method comprises the following steps: acquiring the concentration of attachments on the air inlet side of the filter screen and the air quantity on the air outlet side of the filter screen; calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air quantity; acquiring the current weight and the service life end weight of the filter screen; and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the attachment accumulation speed. The utility model provides a through the amount of wind that obtains the attachment concentration and the filter screen air-out side of filter screen air inlet side to according to attachment concentration and amount of wind, calculate the attachment accumulation rate of filter screen, then reuse the current weight and the end-of-life weight of filter screen, calculate the remaining life of filter screen, realized the full life cycle management of filter screen, guaranteed the early warning to the filter screen change state, and can instruct operation maintainer to change the filter screen on schedule.

Description

Life assessment method, device, system and computer-readable storage medium
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of hydroelectric generators, and in particular, to a lifetime assessment method, apparatus, system, and computer readable storage medium.
Background
The clean operation environment is a necessary condition for safe and reliable operation of the hydraulic generator, in the operation process of the hydraulic generator, the abrasion of the carbon brush of the collecting ring is unavoidable, the generated dust particles have high conductivity, once the dust particles are attached to the diversion (current) component and the insulation system thereof, the faults of insulation resistance reduction, discharge, insulation breakdown and even component burning loss are extremely easily caused, and the damage is extremely large, so that the conventional hydraulic generator is generally provided with the collecting ring cleaning system for collecting the carbon brush dust particles in the operation process, and the power generator is ensured not to be polluted by the carbon powder of the collecting ring.
At present, a cleaning system of a hydroelectric generating set comprises a filter screen and a fan, wherein the fan blows gas containing carbon brush dust to the filter screen so as to remove the carbon brush dust in the motor. However, the cleaning system of the hydroelectric generating set lacks an effective filter screen life assessment means, the filter screen life is required to be judged and replaced in a manual inspection or post-inspection mode, and long-term reliability of system operation is difficult to ensure. Therefore, a method for evaluating the service life of the filter screen of the carbon brush cleaning system of the collecting ring of the hydraulic generator is needed to replace the filter screen of the carbon brush cleaning system of the collecting ring of the hydraulic generator in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a life evaluation method, a life evaluation device, a life evaluation system and a computer readable storage medium, and aims to solve the technical problem that a cleaning system of a hydroelectric generating set at present lacks an effective filter screen life evaluation means.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a lifetime assessment method, the method being applied to a generator cleaning system, the generator cleaning system including a filter screen and a fan, the method comprising:
acquiring the concentration of attachments on the air inlet side of the filter screen and the air quantity on the air outlet side of the filter screen;
calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air quantity;
acquiring the current weight and the service life end weight of the filter screen;
and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the attachment accumulation speed.
In some embodiments, the attachment concentration includes a carbon brush dust concentration, and the step of calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air volume includes:
and calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the attachment includes an oil mist concentration, and the step of calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air volume includes:
And calculating the oil mist accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the oil mist concentration and the air quantity.
In some embodiments, the attachment concentration includes a carbon brush dust concentration and an oil mist concentration, and the step of calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air volume includes:
according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity, calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen;
and calculating the oil mist accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the oil mist concentration and the air quantity.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises:
acquiring a first comparison mapping relation table of the relation between the air quantity and the weight of the filter screen;
and correcting the end-of-life weight according to the air quantity, the current weight and the first comparison mapping relation table.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises:
acquiring a first wind pressure of the air outlet side of the filter screen and a second wind pressure of the air outlet side of the filter screen;
determining the pressure difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen according to the first air pressure and the second air pressure;
acquiring a second comparison mapping relation table of the pressure difference and the weight of the filter screen;
and correcting the end-of-life weight according to the pressure difference, the current weight and the second comparison mapping relation table.
In some embodiments, the step of calculating the remaining useful life of the filter screen based on the current weight, the end-of-life weight, and the rate of build-up of the attachment comprises:
And calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight, the carbon brush dust accumulation speed and the oil mist accumulation speed.
In some embodiments, the fan is a plurality, and the method further comprises:
and controlling the opening quantity of the fans according to the dust concentration of the carbon brush.
In some embodiments, the filter screen has a plurality of filter areas, the fans are in one-to-one correspondence with the filter areas, the carbon brush dust concentration includes a sub-area dust concentration corresponding to each filter area, and the method further includes:
comparing the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region with a preset threshold value one by one;
and if the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to the filtering region is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, controlling a fan corresponding to the filtering region to be started.
In some embodiments, the air volume includes a sub-area air volume corresponding to each filtering area, and the step of calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air volume includes:
and determining the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the subareas of each filtering area according to the subarea air quantity and the carbon brush dust concentration.
In some embodiments, the step of calculating the remaining service life of the filter screen based on the current weight, the end-of-life weight, and the carbon brush dust accumulation rate includes:
Calculating the weight of the subarea corresponding to each filtering area according to the air quantity, the subarea air quantity and the current weight of the filter screen;
calculating the service life weight of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region according to the service life end weight;
and calculating the residual service life of each filtering area one by one according to the weight of the subareas, the service life of the subareas and the dust accumulation speed of the carbon brushes of the subareas.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a lifetime assessment device, the device comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the carbon brush dust concentration at the air inlet side of the filter screen and the air quantity at the air outlet side of the filter screen;
the dust accumulation speed determining module is used for calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the current weight and the life end weight of the filter screen;
the life evaluation module is used for calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a life assessment system, the system comprising:
one or more processors;
A memory; and
one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in memory and configured to be executed by a processor to implement the lifetime assessment method as described in the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program to be loaded by a processor for performing the steps of the lifetime assessment method as described in the first aspect.
The utility model provides a through the amount of wind that obtains the attachment concentration and the filter screen air-out side of filter screen air inlet side to according to attachment concentration and amount of wind, calculate the attachment accumulation rate of filter screen, then reuse the current weight and the end-of-life weight of filter screen, calculate the remaining life of filter screen, realized the full life cycle management of filter screen, keep the early warning to the filter screen change state, guide operation maintainer change the filter screen on schedule.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a scenario of a filter screen lifetime assessment system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a lifetime assessment method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for diagnosing faults of fans in the case of multiple fans provided in the embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lifetime assessment device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a life evaluation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. In the following description, details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
Embodiments of the present application provide a lifetime evaluation method, apparatus, system, and computer-readable storage medium, and the detailed description will be given below.
Referring first to fig. 1, fig. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a scenario application of a filter lifetime evaluation system 100 in an embodiment of the present application.
The filter screen life evaluation system 100 can evaluate the life of the filter screen of the generator cleaning system to maintain early warning of the filter screen replacement state and guide operation maintenance personnel to replace the filter screen on schedule. The filter screen life evaluation system 100 comprises a generator cleaning system 110, an upper computer 120, a network 130 and a storage device 140.
Specifically, the generator cleaning system 110 includes a filter screen 111 for filtering carbon brush dust, a fan 112 for driving the carbon brush dust to blow toward the filter screen, and a detection device 113. In some embodiments of the present application, the generator cleaning system 110 is located around the carbon brush of the hydroelectric generator, and covers the carbon brush and the generator cleaning system 110 through the housing, the housing is provided with an air outlet, the filter screen 111 is installed at the air outlet, and the fan 112 is installed in the housing, so that the fan 112 blows the dust containing the carbon brush to the filter screen 111, and finally, the purpose of removing the dust containing the carbon brush inside the generator is achieved. Illustratively, the filter 111 may be a metal rubber filter, a nylon filter, a metal filter, a coarse filter, or the like.
The detecting device 113 is used for detecting the operation parameters of the generator cleaning system 110, so as to transmit the detected data to the upper computer 120 for processing and evaluating the service life of the filter screen. In some embodiments of the present application, the detection device 113 includes a weighing sensor, a dust concentration detection sensor, an oil mist concentration detector, a photoelectric balance, a current transducer, a vibration sensor, an anemometer, and the like, where the weighing sensor can measure the weight of the filter screen, so as to reflect the weight condition of the carbon powder of the filter screen; the dust concentration detection sensor may detect a carbon brush dust concentration of the generator cleaning system 110; the oil mist concentration detector can evaluate the oil mist concentration by measuring the relation between the scattered light intensity and the incident light intensity of the light with specific wavelength after passing through the oil mist in the air, and can also adopt an organic glass tube, absorbent cotton and quantitative filter paper for adsorption, and the difference value of the organic glass tube, the absorbent cotton and the quantitative filter paper is the mass before and after the oil mist adsorption, namely the mass of the adsorbed lubricating oil, and the ratio of the value to the volume of the circulated oil mist is the concentration of the oil mist at a measuring point; the current transducer is arranged on a three-phase power line of the fan and is used for monitoring the current of the fan on line; the vibration sensor is arranged at a proper position of the fan body and used for monitoring vibration indexes of the fan body on line; the anemometer is arranged on the air outlet side of the filter screen, and the anemometer is used for carrying out on-line monitoring on the wind speed. In some embodiments of the present application, a thermosensitive anemometer is preferred because of the possible presence of oil mist, dust in the air.
It will be appreciated that the detection means 113 may also comprise other detection meters or units, such as a thermometer, a pressure sensor, etc.
The upper computer 120 may process the data detected by the detecting device 113, for example, calculate the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air volume, and calculate the remaining service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the end-of-life weight and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed. In some embodiments, the host computer 120 includes a controller that provides a display interface (e.g., DVI-I, DP, etc.), as well as a general-purpose interface (e.g., USB, COM, etc.), using a sophisticated controller product, such as an embedded Controller (CPU). The controller provides LAN and other standard data interface connection, and can send the monitoring data and analysis module result to the hydraulic power generation central control system.
The network 130 connects groups of filter screen life assessment systems 100The components may be communicated to facilitate exchange of information and/or data, for example, data detected by the detecting device may be transmitted to the host computer 120, and for example, data detected by the detecting device may be transmitted to the storage device. In some embodiments, the network between the portions of filter life evaluation system 100 may be any one or more of a wired network or a wireless network. For example, the network may include a cable network, a wired network, a fiber optic network, a telecommunications network, an intranet, the Internet, a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a Bluetooth network TM (Bluetooth), zigbee network TM (ZigBee), near Field Communication (NFC), in-device bus, in-device line, cable connection, etc., or any combination thereof. The network connection between each two parts can be in one or more of the above-described manners.
The storage device 140 may store data and/or instructions. The data may include various types of sensed data such as weight, wind speed, current, oil mist concentration, dust concentration, etc. In some embodiments, the storage device may include mass memory, removable memory, volatile read-write memory, read-only memory (ROM), and the like, or any combination thereof. Exemplary mass storage devices may include magnetic disks, optical disks, solid state disks, and the like.
It should be noted that the above description of the filter screen life evaluation system 100 is for purposes of illustration and description only and is not intended to limit the scope of applicability of the present application. Various modifications and variations of filter screen life assessment system 100 will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure. However, such modifications and variations are still within the scope of the present application.
With continued reference to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a life evaluation method in an embodiment of the present application, where the method is applied to a generator cleaning system, and the generator cleaning system includes a filter screen for filtering carbon brush dust and a fan, and the method includes:
Step S201, acquiring the concentration of attachments on the air inlet side of the filter screen and the air quantity on the air outlet side of the filter screen;
the air inlet side is the side of the filter screen which is the same as the fan, and the air outlet side is the side of the filter screen which is away from the fan, so that the concentration of attachments before the filter screen is filtered is measured, and the air quantity of the air containing attachments after the air is filtered by the filter screen is measured. Wherein, the attachment refers to the object that the gas adheres to on the filter screen after passing through the filter screen, in some embodiments of this application, the attachment includes at least one of carbon brush dust or oil mist, and correspondingly, the attachment concentration includes at least one of carbon brush dust concentration or oil mist concentration.
Specifically, the air volume can be measured by an anemometer, for example, the product of the air speed measured by the anemometer and the filtering area of the filter screen is used as the air volume, the dust concentration of the carbon brush can be measured by a dust concentration detection sensor, and the oil mist concentration on the air inlet side of the filter screen can be measured by an oil mist concentration detector.
It can be understood that the current air volume and the initial air volume can also be obtained by collecting the volume of the air passing through the filter screen in a preset time; or the carbon brush dust concentration can also be obtained by weighing and calculating the carbon brush dust after depositing the carbon brush dust in a preset volume of gas.
Step S202, calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air quantity;
after the concentration and the air volume of the attachments are obtained, the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen can be calculated. In some embodiments of the present application, for example, for embodiments in which the attachment pack concentration includes a carbon brush dust concentration, the attachment accumulation speed includes a carbon brush dust accumulation speed calculated from the carbon brush dust concentration and the air volume. Exemplary, the air volume is 2m 3 Per second, the dust concentration of the carbon brush is 0.1g/m 3 The carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen can be determined to be 0.2g/s.
Similarly, for the embodiment in which the concentration of the attached matter includes the concentration of the oil mist, the attached matter accumulation speed includes the oil mist accumulation speed calculated from the concentration of the oil mist and the air quantity. Further, for the embodiment in which the attached matter concentration includes the carbon brush dust concentration and the oil mist concentration, the attached matter accumulation speed is the sum of the oil mist accumulation speed and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed.
It is understood that the deposit accumulation rate is also actually related to other factors such as the filter efficiency of the filter net, and when the filter efficiency of the filter net is 70%, the carbon brush dust accumulation rate of the filter net is 0.14g/s in the above-described embodiment. In addition, in practice, when the filter screen works, the vibration of the electric device (such as a fan) affects that dust on the filter screen falls into the corresponding collecting groove, so that the carbon brush dust accumulation speed can be comprehensively determined by considering the factors and combining the test conditions.
Step S203, the current weight and the life end weight of the filter screen are obtained;
the current weight of the filter screen refers to the weight of the current filter screen, and the service life end weight of the filter screen refers to the weight of the filter screen when the filter screen cannot realize the filtering function due to excessive accumulated carbon brush dust. In the filter process of the filter screen, along with the increase of carbon brush dust on the filter screen, the weight of the filter screen is gradually increased, when the carbon brush dust is accumulated to a certain amount and blocks the filter holes, the filter efficiency of the filter screen is greatly reduced, and the service life of the filter screen is ended at the moment, so that the current weight and the service life end weight of the filter screen are obtained, and the filter screen can be used for calculating the residual service life of the filter screen.
In some embodiments of the present application, the current weight of the filter screen may be measured by a load cell, the end-of-life weight of the filter screen may be obtained by testing or measuring the end-of-life and replacing the filter screen, and the end-of-life weight of the filter screen may be stored in a storage device to facilitate subsequent evaluation of the life of the filter screen.
Step S204, calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the attachment accumulation speed.
After the current weight, the end-of-life weight and the attachment accumulation rate are obtained, the remaining service life of the filter screen can be calculated. For example, the remaining useful life of the filter screen may be calculated according to the following formula:
T＝(G0-G)/V
Wherein T is the residual service life, G0 is the life end weight of the filter screen, G is the current weight of the filter screen, and V is the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen.
In some embodiments of the present application, for example, for embodiments in which the concentration of the attachment includes a carbon brush dust concentration and an oil mist concentration, the step of calculating the remaining service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the end-of-life weight, and the attachment accumulation speed includes: and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight, the carbon brush dust accumulation speed and the oil mist accumulation speed. That is, V in the above formula is the sum of the carbon brush dust accumulation speed and the oil mist accumulation speed.
It is understood that the attachments may further include particles in other gases, such as metal particles, so as to calculate a metal particle accumulation speed when evaluating the service life of the filter screen, and integrate the metal particle accumulation speed with the carbon brush dust accumulation speed and the oil mist accumulation speed into the attachment accumulation speed.
Further, the end-of-life weights of the filter screens are often inconsistent from filter screen to filter screen, and in order to avoid a large error in the life evaluation of the filter screens, in some embodiments of the present application, the life evaluation method further includes: acquiring a first comparison mapping relation table of the relation between the air quantity and the weight of the filter screen; and correcting the end-of-life weight according to the air quantity, the current weight and the first comparison mapping relation table.
In the above embodiment, the first comparison mapping table is obtained through different filter screen tests, and the first comparison mapping table includes a plurality of sets of key value data of air volume and filter screen weight, for example, for 2m 3 Key value pair data of/s-12 kg, which represents the air volume of 2m 3 In the case of/s, the filter screen weighs 12kg. After the air volume, the current weight and the first comparison mapping relation table are obtained, the end-of-life weight can be corrected, and the end-of-life weight can be corrected by the following formula:
G0’＝(Q1/Q2)*G0
wherein G0' is the corrected end-of-life weight, G0 is the original end-of-life weight, Q1 is the air volume, and Q2 is the air volume in the key value pair data of which the filter screen weight is the current weight in the first comparison mapping relation table.
Because the life of filter screen mainly depends on the amount of wind through the filter screen, consequently the amount of wind through the filter screen can verify whether the weight of filter screen accords with its current life, and then revises the end of life weight of filter screen, avoids producing the phenomenon of great error to its life-span evaluation of different filter screens.
Further, the service life of the filter screen can also refer to the pressure difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen, if the pressure difference is too large, the service life of the filter screen reaches the limit, so that the service life of the filter screen can be corrected by combining the pressure difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen, and therefore, in some embodiments of the application, the service life evaluation method further comprises:
Acquiring a first wind pressure of the air outlet side of the filter screen and a second wind pressure of the air outlet side of the filter screen;
determining the pressure difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen according to the first air pressure and the second air pressure;
acquiring a second comparison mapping relation table of the pressure difference and the weight of the filter screen;
and correcting the end-of-life weight according to the pressure difference, the current weight and the second comparison mapping relation table.
In the above embodiment, the first wind pressure and the second wind pressure may be measured by a pressure sensor, for example, the first wind pressure on the air outlet side of the filter screen is 1.1Mpa, the second wind pressure on the air inlet side of the filter screen is 1.2Mpa, and the pressure difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen is 0.1Mpa. The second comparison mapping relation table is obtained through different filter screen tests comprehensively, and the first comparison mapping relation table comprises a plurality of groups of key value pair data of pressure difference and filter screen weight, for example, for the key value pair data of 0.1Mpa-12kg, the weight of the filter screen is 12kg under the condition that the pressure difference is 0.1Mpa. After the differential pressure, the current weight, and the first map are obtained, the end-of-life weight may be corrected, and the end-of-life weight may be corrected by the following formula:
G0’＝(P1/P2)*G0
Wherein G0' is the corrected end-of-life weight, G0 is the original end-of-life weight, P1 is the differential pressure, and Q2 is the differential pressure in the key value pair data of the filter screen weight of the first comparison mapping relation table as the current weight.
It will be appreciated that corrections may also be made to the end-of-life weight by integrating differential pressure and wind volume.
In the actual running process of the hydroelectric generator, because the volume of the hydroelectric generator is larger, the carbon brush arrangement diameter of the hydroelectric generator can reach 2m, and the dust of the carbon brush in the interior of the hydroelectric generator is difficult to clean in time by a single fan, so that a plurality of fans of a generator cleaning system are arranged in an annular array, and the fans which fail are determined more specifically and are convenient to see the following.
In some embodiments of the present application, such as for multiple fans, to reduce energy consumption of the hydro-generator cleaning system, the life assessment method further includes: and controlling the opening quantity of the fans according to the dust concentration of the carbon brush. For example, when the carbon brush dust concentration is high, all fans can be started to remove the carbon brush dust as soon as possible; when the carbon brush dust concentration is low, part of fans (for example, half of fans) can be started, so that the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of the hydroelectric generator cleaning system is achieved.
Further, in the actual operation process of the hydroelectric generator, carbon brush dust concentrations in different areas have certain differences, so that a part of fans are conveniently started to be pointed to treat areas with higher carbon brush dust concentrations, in some embodiments of the application, the filter screen is provided with a plurality of filter areas, the fans are in one-to-one correspondence with the filter areas, the carbon brush dust concentrations comprise sub-area dust concentrations corresponding to each filter area, and the service life evaluation method further comprises:
comparing the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region with a preset threshold value one by one;
and if the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to the filtering region is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, controlling a fan corresponding to the filtering region to be started.
In the above embodiment, the sub-region dust concentration can be detected by the dust concentration detection sensor in the corresponding filtering region, since the sub-region dust concentration corresponding to each filtering region is compared with the preset threshold value (e.g., 0.3g/m one by one 3 ) Therefore, the fans corresponding to the filtering areas with the dust concentration of the subareas larger than the preset threshold value can be started, and the areas with the higher dust concentration of the carbon brush can be treated in time.
It will be appreciated that the plurality of filtration zones may be distributed throughout the filter screen, and that the plurality of filtration zones may be arranged in an annular or rectangular array of intervals.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, for example, for an embodiment in which the filter screen has a plurality of filter areas, the air volume includes a sub-area air volume corresponding to each filter area, and the step of calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air volume includes: and determining the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the subareas of each filtering area according to the subarea air quantity and the carbon brush dust concentration.
In the above embodiment, the sub-area air volume can be detected by the dust concentration detection sensor in the filtering area, and since the sub-area carbon brush dust accumulation speed of each filtering area is further calculated, the dust accumulation condition of each filtering area is estimated according to the sub-area carbon brush dust accumulation speed.
Further, in order to evaluate the service life of each filtering area, with continued reference to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a schematic flow chart of a multi-area service life evaluation method in an embodiment of the present application, where the multi-area service life evaluation method includes:
step S301, calculating the weight of the subarea corresponding to each filtering area according to the air quantity, the subarea air quantity and the current weight of the filter screen;
step S302, calculating the life weight of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region according to the life end weight;
Step S303, calculating the residual service life of each filtering area one by one according to the weight of the subarea, the life weight of the subarea and the dust accumulation speed of the carbon brush of the subarea.
Specifically, the weight of the subregion can be calculated as follows:
g＝G*(q/Q)
wherein G is the weight of the subarea, G is the current weight of the filter screen, Q is the air quantity of the filter screen, and Q is the air quantity of the subarea.
The sub-zone life weight can be calculated by the following formula:
gt＝Gt*(s/S)
wherein Gt is the life weight of the subareas, gt is the life end weight of the filter screen, S is the area of the filter screen, and S is the area of the corresponding filter area.
The remaining useful life of each filtration zone can be calculated as follows:
Tt＝(gt-g)/vt
wherein Tt is the residual service life of the filtering area, and vt is the dust accumulation speed of the carbon brush in the subarea.
In the above embodiment, since the service life of each filtering area of the filter screen is specifically evaluated, the corresponding fan can be controlled to work, so that the service lives of all the filtering areas of the filter screen are averaged, and the condition that the service lives of the filter screens are inconsistent due to inconsistent carbon brush dust concentration or irregular dust attachment areas is avoided.
Further, in order to better implement the lifetime assessment method of the present application, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a lifetime assessment device in an embodiment of the present application, and the embodiment of the present application further provides a lifetime assessment device 400, where the device includes:
The first acquisition module 401 is used for acquiring carbon brush dust concentration on the air inlet side of the filter screen and air quantity on the air outlet side of the filter screen;
the dust accumulation speed determining module 402, wherein the dust accumulation speed determining module 402 is used for calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity;
the second obtaining module 403, where the second obtaining module 403 is configured to obtain a current weight and an end-of-life weight of the filter screen;
the service life evaluation module 404, the service life evaluation module 404 is used for calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the service life end weight and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed.
In some embodiments, the lifetime assessment module 404 is further to:
acquiring a first comparison mapping relation table of the relation between the air quantity and the weight of the filter screen;
and correcting the end-of-life weight according to the air quantity, the current weight and the first comparison mapping relation table.
In some embodiments, the lifetime assessment module 404 is further to:
acquiring a first wind pressure of the air outlet side of the filter screen and a second wind pressure of the air outlet side of the filter screen;
determining the pressure difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen according to the first air pressure and the second air pressure;
acquiring a second comparison mapping relation table of the pressure difference and the weight of the filter screen;
And correcting the end-of-life weight according to the pressure difference, the current weight and the second comparison mapping relation table.
In some embodiments, the lifetime assessment module 404 is further to:
acquiring the oil mist concentration of the air inlet side of the filter screen;
according to the concentration of the oil mist and the air quantity, calculating the oil mist accumulation speed of the filter screen;
and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight, the carbon brush dust accumulation speed and the oil mist accumulation speed.
In some embodiments, the fans are multiple, and the life assessment module 404 is further configured to:
and controlling the opening quantity of the fans according to the dust concentration of the carbon brush.
In some embodiments, the filter screen has a plurality of filter areas, the fans are in one-to-one correspondence with the filter areas, the carbon brush dust concentration includes a sub-area dust concentration corresponding to each filter area, and the life evaluation module 404 is further configured to:
comparing the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region with a preset threshold value one by one;
and if the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to the filtering region is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, controlling a fan corresponding to the filtering region to be started.
In some embodiments, the air volume includes a sub-region air volume corresponding to each filtering region, and the lifetime assessment module 404 is further to:
According to carbon brush dust concentration and amount of wind, the step of calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen comprises the following steps:
and determining the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the subareas of each filtering area according to the subarea air quantity and the carbon brush dust concentration.
In some embodiments, the air volume includes a sub-region air volume corresponding to each filtering region, and the lifetime assessment module 404 is further to:
calculating the weight of the subarea corresponding to each filtering area according to the air quantity, the subarea air quantity and the current weight of the filter screen;
calculating the service life weight of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region according to the service life end weight;
and calculating the residual service life of each filtering area one by one according to the weight of the subareas, the service life of the subareas and the dust accumulation speed of the carbon brushes of the subareas.
It should be understood that the system shown in fig. 4 and its modules may be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, in some embodiments, the system and its modules may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. Wherein the hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may then be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special purpose design hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods and systems described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such as provided on a carrier medium such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The system and its modules of the present application may be implemented not only with hardware circuitry, such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., but also with software, such as executed by various types of processors, and with a combination of the above hardware circuitry and software (e.g., firmware).
It should be noted that the above description of the candidate display, determination system, and modules thereof is for descriptive convenience only and is not intended to limit the application to the scope of the illustrated embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, given the principles of the system, various modules may be combined arbitrarily or a subsystem may be constructed in connection with other modules without departing from such principles. For example, in some embodiments, for example, the first acquisition module 401, the dust accumulation rate determination module 402, the second acquisition module 403, and the lifetime assessment module 404 disclosed in fig. 5 may be different modules in one system, or may be one module to implement the functions of two or more modules described above. For example, the first acquisition module 401 and the second acquisition module 403 may be two modules or may be one module, and acquire the air volume, the carbon brush dust concentration, the current weight, and the end-of-life weight at the same time. For example, each module may share one memory module, or each module may have a respective memory module. Such variations are within the scope of the present application.
Further, in order to better implement the lifetime assessment method in the embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the lifetime assessment method, a lifetime assessment system 500 is further provided in the embodiment of the present application, where any lifetime assessment device 400 provided in the embodiment of the present application is integrated, and the system includes:
one or more processors;
a memory; and
one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to perform the steps of the lifetime assessment method of any one of the embodiments above.
As shown in fig. 5, a schematic diagram of a lifetime assessment system 500 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, specifically:
the lifetime assessment system 500 may include one or more processors 501 of a processing core, one or more memories 502 of a computer readable storage medium. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in fig. 5 is not limiting of the life assessment system and may include more or fewer components than shown, or certain components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components. Wherein:
the processor 501 is a control center of the system, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the overall system, and by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 502, and invoking data stored in the memory 502, performs various functions of the system and processes the data, thereby performing overall monitoring of the system. Optionally, processor 501 may include one or more processing cores; the processor 501 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), but may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like, and preferably the processor 501 may integrate an application processor that primarily handles operating systems, user interfaces, applications, etc. with a modem processor that primarily handles wireless communications. It will be appreciated that the modem processor described above may not be integrated into the processor 501.
The memory 502 may be used to store software programs and modules, and the processor 501 executes various functional applications and data processing by executing the software programs and modules stored in the memory 502. The memory 502 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.) required for at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the lifetime assessment system, or the like. In addition, memory 502 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 502 may also include a memory controller to provide access to the memory 502 by the processor 501.
Although not shown, the life evaluation system may further include a display unit or the like, which is not described here. Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 501 in the lifetime assessment system loads executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more application programs into the memory 502 according to the following instructions, and the processor 501 executes the application programs stored in the memory 502, so as to implement various functions as follows:
Acquiring carbon brush dust concentration at the air inlet side of the filter screen and air quantity at the air outlet side of the filter screen;
according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity, calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen;
acquiring the current weight and the service life end weight of the filter screen;
and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed.
To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic or optical disk, and the like. On which a computer program is stored, which computer program is loaded by a processor for performing the steps of any one of the lifetime assessment methods provided by the embodiments of the present invention. For example, the loading of the computer program by the processor may perform the steps of:
acquiring carbon brush dust concentration at the air inlet side of the filter screen and air quantity at the air outlet side of the filter screen;
according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity, calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen;
acquiring the current weight and the service life end weight of the filter screen;
and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are focused on, and the portions of one embodiment that are not described in detail in the foregoing embodiments may be referred to in the foregoing detailed description of other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. Although not explicitly described herein, various modifications, improvements, and adaptations of the present application may occur to one skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested within this application, and are therefore within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.
Meanwhile, the present application uses specific words to describe embodiments of the present application. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various positions in this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present application may be combined as suitable.
Accordingly, aspects of the present application may be performed entirely by hardware, entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or by a combination of hardware and software. The above hardware or software may be referred to as a "data block," module, "" engine, "" unit, "" component, "or" system. Furthermore, aspects of the present application may take the form of a computer product, comprising computer-readable program code, embodied in one or more computer-readable media.
The computer storage medium may contain a propagated data signal with the computer program code embodied therein, for example, on a baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The propagated signal may take on a variety of forms, including electro-magnetic, optical, etc., or any suitable combination thereof. A computer storage medium may be any computer readable medium that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code located on a computer storage medium may be propagated through any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, RF, or the like, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
The computer program code necessary for operation of portions of the present application may be written in any one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, scala, smalltalk, eiffel, JADE, emerald, C ++, c#, vb net, python, etc., a conventional programming language such as C language, visual Basic, fortran 2003, perl, COBOL 2002, PHP, ABAP, dynamic programming languages such as Python, ruby and Groovy, or other programming languages, etc. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer or as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any form of network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet), or the use of services such as software as a service (SaaS) in a cloud computing environment.
Furthermore, the order in which the elements and sequences are presented, the use of numerical letters, or other designations are used in the application and are not intended to limit the order in which the processes and methods of the application are performed unless explicitly recited in the claims. While certain presently useful inventive embodiments have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure, by way of various examples, it is to be understood that such details are merely illustrative and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application. For example, while the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented solely by software solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.
Likewise, it should be noted that in order to simplify the presentation disclosed herein and thereby aid in understanding one or more inventive embodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features than are presented in the claims are required for the subject application. Indeed, less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
The foregoing has described in detail the methods, apparatus, systems and computer readable storage media for life assessment provided by the embodiments of the present application, and specific examples have been presented herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present invention, and the above examples are only for aiding in the understanding of the methods and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in light of the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A life evaluation method, wherein the method is applied to a generator cleaning system, the generator cleaning system comprises a plurality of filter screens and fans, the filter screens are provided with a plurality of filter areas, and the fans are in one-to-one correspondence with the filter areas, and the method comprises:
Acquiring the concentration of attachments on the air inlet side of the filter screen and the air quantity on the air outlet side of the filter screen;
calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air quantity;
acquiring the current weight and the life end weight of the filter screen;
calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the attachment accumulation speed;
the attachment concentration comprises carbon brush dust concentration, and the step of calculating the attachment accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the attachment concentration and the air quantity comprises the following steps of:
according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity, calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen;
the carbon brush dust concentration includes sub-region dust concentrations corresponding to each filtering region, the method further including:
controlling the opening quantity of the fans according to the carbon brush dust concentration;
comparing the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region with a preset threshold value one by one;
and if the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to the filtering region is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, controlling a fan corresponding to the filtering region to be started.
2. The lifetime assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the attached matter concentration further includes an oil mist concentration, and the step of calculating the attached matter accumulation speed of the filter screen based on the attached matter concentration and the air volume further includes:
and calculating the oil mist accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the oil mist concentration and the air quantity.
3. The life evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating the remaining life of the filter screen based on the current weight, the end-of-life weight, and the deposit accumulation speed includes:
and calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight, the carbon brush dust accumulation speed and the oil mist accumulation speed.
4. The lifetime assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the air volume includes a sub-area air volume corresponding to each filter area, and the step of calculating a carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen based on the carbon brush dust concentration and the air volume includes:
and determining the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the subareas of each filtering area according to the subarea air quantity and the carbon brush dust concentration.
5. The life evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the step of calculating the remaining life of the filter screen based on the current weight, the end-of-life weight, and the deposit accumulation speed includes:
calculating the weight of the subarea corresponding to each filtering area according to the air quantity, the subarea air quantity and the current weight of the filter screen;
calculating the service life weight of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region according to the service life end weight;
and calculating the residual service life of each filtering area one by one according to the weight of the subarea, the service life of the subarea and the dust accumulation speed of the carbon brush of the subarea.
6. A lifetime assessment device, characterized in that the device comprises:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring carbon brush dust concentration on the air inlet side of the filter screen and air quantity on the air outlet side of the filter screen;
the dust accumulation speed determining module is used for calculating the carbon brush dust accumulation speed of the filter screen according to the carbon brush dust concentration and the air quantity;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the current weight and the life end weight of the filter screen;
The life evaluation module is used for calculating the residual service life of the filter screen according to the current weight, the life end weight and the carbon brush dust accumulation speed;
the carbon brush dust concentration comprises sub-region dust concentrations corresponding to each filtering region, and the service life evaluation module is further used for:
controlling the starting quantity of fans according to the carbon brush dust concentration;
comparing the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to each filtering region with a preset threshold value one by one;
and if the dust concentration of the sub-region corresponding to the filtering region is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, controlling a fan corresponding to the filtering region to be started.
7. A life assessment system, the system comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory; and
one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the lifetime assessment method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, the computer program being loaded by a processor to perform the steps of the lifetime assessment method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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