CN114541258A - Assembly type steel-concrete composite beam template-free construction bridge deck - Google Patents

Assembly type steel-concrete composite beam template-free construction bridge deck Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114541258A
CN114541258A CN202210247235.5A CN202210247235A CN114541258A CN 114541258 A CN114541258 A CN 114541258A CN 202210247235 A CN202210247235 A CN 202210247235A CN 114541258 A CN114541258 A CN 114541258A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
steel
reinforced concrete
bridge deck
beams
cantilever
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Pending
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CN202210247235.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王龙飞
刘建勋
武维宏
李熙同
石聪
陈辅一
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Gansu Province Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Gansu Province Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Application filed by Gansu Province Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Gansu Province Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210247235.5A priority Critical patent/CN114541258A/en
Publication of CN114541258A publication Critical patent/CN114541258A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/12Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
    • E01D19/125Grating or flooring for bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24Concrete
    • E01D2101/26Concrete reinforced
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30Metal

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of bridges, in particular to a template-free construction bridge deck of an assembled steel-concrete composite beam; the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam comprises a prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam, closed profiled steel plates arranged at the top of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam, prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge decks poured on the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam, open profiled steel plates arranged between the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam and inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge decks poured on the open profiled steel plates; the cantilever steel beam is arranged on the outer side of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam, the steel joist is arranged at the end part of the cantilever steel beam along the longitudinal bridge direction, the open profiled steel plate is arranged on the steel joist, and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck is poured on the open profiled steel plate to form the reinforced concrete composite beam bridge. In the construction process of prefabricating and cast-in-place of the composite beam, no template is needed, the construction is very convenient and fast, a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved, the stress characteristic of the bridge is fully considered, the structure is more reasonable, and the construction method has wide practicability.

Description

Assembly type steel-concrete composite beam template-free construction bridge deck
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bridges, in particular to a template-free construction bridge deck of an assembled steel-concrete composite beam.
Background
The fabricated steel-concrete composite beam construction comprises the concrete bridge deck construction of a prefabricated composite beam and the cast-in-place concrete bridge deck construction after the prefabricated composite beam is erected and installed, wherein the concrete construction generally adopts template pouring, so that a large amount of construction equipment, materials and manpower are required. For the prefabricated composite beam, if the concrete is poured by using the formworks, the formworks need to be installed and dismantled, and the construction is complex. When the prefabricated open steel box composite beam is used, the template for pouring concrete is installed in the steel box of the composite beam, the space is narrow, and the template needs to pass through the man-passing hole of the diaphragm plate, so that the prefabricated open steel box composite beam is very difficult to disassemble. After the prefabricated beam is erected and installed, the cast-in-place concrete bridge deck slab is generally large in quantity, and when the formwork is adopted for pouring construction, due to the fact that high-altitude operation is carried out, the difficulty in installing and dismantling the formwork is high, and therefore manpower and material resources are consumed greatly. In addition, the assembled steel-concrete composite beam usually adopts a simply-supported-to-continuous structure to facilitate construction, so that the prefabricated composite beam bears most of the dead load of the bridge, the cast-in-place concrete bridge deck is large, the shrinkage strain and creep coefficient of the cast-in-place concrete are also large, the overall shrinkage and creep effect of the steel-concrete composite beam bridge is concentrated towards the prefabricated composite beam, and the stress of the concrete bridge deck of the prefabricated composite beam is relatively large. However, the thickness of the deck slab of the fabricated steel-concrete composite beam is the same in the whole width of the bridge, and the special structural stress characteristics generated by construction and shrinkage creep effect are not considered, so that the commonly used concrete deck slab structure is not completely reasonable, and a certain optimization space is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the template-free construction bridge deck of the assembled steel-concrete composite beam, so that a template is not needed in the construction of the common steel-concrete composite beam, the construction of precast beam concrete and the construction of cast-in-place concrete after erection are very simple and convenient, the application range is wide, and the template-free construction bridge deck can be widely applied to common bridges.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an assembled steel reinforced concrete composite beam does not have template construction decking which characterized in that: the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam comprises a prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam 1, wherein a closed profiled steel plate 2 is arranged at the top of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam 1, a prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 on the upper portion of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam 1 is poured, an open profiled steel plate 3 is arranged between the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams 1, an inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 poured on the open profiled steel plate 3 is arranged, a cantilever steel beam 12 is arranged on the outer side of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam 1, a steel joist 13 is arranged at the end portion of the cantilever steel beam 12 along the longitudinal bridge direction 16, open profiled steel plates 3 are arranged on the cantilever steel beam 12 and the steel joist 13, a cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 is poured on the open profiled steel plate 3, and finally, the reinforced concrete composite beam bridge is formed.
The closed profiled steel sheet 2 is laid along the longitudinal bridge direction 16, and the closed profiled steel sheet 2 is welded with the steel beam upper flange 7 and the diaphragm upper flange 15.
And when the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 are poured, the open profiled steel plates 3 are paved in the transverse bridge direction, and the open profiled steel plates 3 are welded with the steel beam upper flange 7, the cantilever steel beam 12 and the steel joist 13.
The prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 is connected with the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 through annular steel bars 21.
The prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4, the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 are connected with the steel beam 9 of the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beam 1 by the stud 8.
The prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 is connected with the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 through annular reinforcing steel bars 21, semi-annular reinforcing steel bars 22 extend out of the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beam 1 in advance, after the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beam 1 is erected and installed, when the reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 or the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 between the cast-in-place beams is installed, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars 22 on the other side are installed, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars 22 in the same row are welded, and longitudinal bridge directional reinforcing steel bars 23 are arranged in a formed reinforcing steel bar ring.
The cantilever steel beam 12 is in an I-shaped section and comprises an upper wing plate 17, a web plate 18 and a lower wing plate 19, the upper wing plate 17 is welded with the upper flange 7 of the steel beam, the web plate 18 and the lower wing plate 19 are welded with a web plate 20 of the steel beam, and the height of the section of the cantilever steel beam 12 is gradually reduced from the web plate 20 of the steel beam on the steel beam 9 to the edge of the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6.
The end part of the cantilever steel beam 12 is provided with a steel joist 13 in the longitudinal direction, the top surface of the steel joist 13 is flush with the top surface of the cantilever steel beam 12, and the steel joist 13 is welded with the cantilever steel beam 12.
The steel beam upper flange 7 and the diaphragm plate upper flange 15 are both provided with studs 8, and the steel beam 9, the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4, the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 are connected through the studs 8.
The steel beams 9 on the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1 are open steel box beams 10 and I-shaped steel beams 11, and when the steel beams 9 are the open steel box beams 10, one open steel box beam 10 is made into a piece of prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1; when the steel beam 9 is an i-shaped steel beam 11, two i-shaped steel beams 11 form a prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention enables the fabricated steel-concrete composite beam to be constructed into a bridge from prefabrication to erection cast-in-place, realizes the template-free construction of the concrete bridge deck, and is very convenient. When the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam is constructed, the profiled steel plates are laid at the bottom of the concrete bridge deck and matched with the transverse partition plate of the reinforced concrete composite beam, the reinforced concrete bridge deck can be poured without a template to form the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam, and construction is facilitated greatly. After the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beam is erected on a pier, profiled steel plates are laid between beams and on a cantilever part, reinforced concrete bridge decks and cantilever reinforced concrete bridge decks between beams can be directly poured, templates are not needed, the work of installing and dismantling the templates is greatly reduced, and the construction is rapid and convenient.
2. According to the invention, the profiled steel plates with different types and different laying methods are adopted, so that the concrete bridge deck of the fabricated steel-concrete composite beam is more reasonable in stress. The closed profiled steel plates are arranged on the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam, and the direction of the plate ribs is the same as the longitudinal direction of the bridge, so that when the longitudinal stress of the bridge is calculated, the thickness of the concrete bridge deck plate can contain the height of the plate ribs, and the stressed section of the bridge deck plate is larger. The prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam of the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam usually bears the dead load of most of bridges and the longitudinal bridge-direction structural internal force generated by the large shrinkage and creep effect, so that the deck slab of the bridge is stressed more excellently by using the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam. The reinforced concrete bridge deck slab between the beams and at the cantilever part adopts the open profiled steel sheet, and the slab ribs are transversely arranged along the bridge, so that the cast-in-place concrete bridge deck slab is relatively thin without counting the slab ribs, and also conforms to the characteristic that the stress of the bridge deck slab at the places is relatively small, thereby saving the material of the bridge deck slab.
3. The invention is suitable for the assembled steel-concrete composite beam, accords with the development direction of a bridge, and has wide applicability and beautiful structure. Because the stud is adopted to connect the profiled steel plate concrete bridge deck and the steel beam, the template-free construction bridge deck is suitable for both the steel-concrete composite box girder and the I-shaped steel composite girder, can be widely applied to common steel-concrete composite girder bridges, and has a very wide application range. Because the bottom of the concrete bridge deck slab is the profiled steel sheet, the traces and the defects of the construction of the template can not appear, and the structure is more regular and beautiful. With the development of society, common bridges are developed in the directions of standardization, factory production and assembly, so that the application prospect of the invention is wider and wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a profiled steel sheet layout;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a profiled steel sheet;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cantilever steel beam;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of the ring-shaped reinforcing bars; shown in the figure: 1, prefabricating a steel-concrete composite beam; 2, closing the profiled steel sheet; 3, opening profiled steel sheets; 4 prefabricating a reinforced concrete bridge deck; 5 reinforced concrete bridge deck between the beams; 6 cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck; 7, steel beam upper flange; 8, pins; 9 steel beams; 10 opening steel box girders; 11 i-beam; 12 cantilever steel beams; 13 steel joists; 14 plate ribs; 15, a diaphragm upper flange; 16 longitudinal bridge direction; 17 an upper wing plate; 18 a web; 19 a lower wing plate; 20 steel beam webs; 21 annular reinforcing steel bars; 22 semi-ring steel bars; 23 longitudinal bridging reinforcing steel bars.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by specific embodiments in the following with the accompanying drawings:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam template-free construction bridge deck, which comprises a prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1, wherein a closed profiled steel sheet 2 is arranged at the top of the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam, and a prefabricated steel-concrete bridge deck 4 capable of directly pouring the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1 is arranged on the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam. After the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams 1 are erected, open profiled steel plates 3 are arranged between the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams 1 so as to directly pour the reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 between the beams. The cantilever steel beam 12 is arranged on the outer side of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam 1 on the outer side of the bridge, the longitudinal bridge-direction steel joists 13 are arranged at the end parts of the cantilever steel beam 12, the open profiled steel plates 3 are arranged on the cantilever steel beams, and then the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge decks 6 on the two sides of the bridge are directly poured on the open profiled steel plates 3.
The prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 is connected with the cast-in-place beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cast-in-place cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 through annular reinforcing steel bars 21. The prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4, the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 are connected with the steel beam 9 through the studs 8 to form the reinforced concrete composite beam bridge.
The closed profiled steel sheets 2 arranged on the precast reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 are laid along the longitudinal bridge direction 16, that is, the direction of the plate ribs 14 of the closed profiled steel sheets 2 is the same as the longitudinal bridge direction 16. The closed profiled steel sheet 2 is welded with the steel beam upper flange 7 and the diaphragm upper flange 15.
When the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 is subjected to force checking calculation on the longitudinal 16-bridge structure, all concrete sections containing the height of the plate ribs 14 are taken, so that the bearing capacity of the longitudinal bridge structure of the bridge deck is enhanced. When the stress of the transverse bridge-direction structure of the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 is checked, a concrete section not containing the height of the plate rib 14 is taken.
When the reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 between the beams and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 are cast in place, the open profiled steel plates 3 are paved in the transverse bridge direction, namely, the plate rib 14 direction of the open profiled steel plates 3 is the same as the transverse bridge direction. The open profiled steel sheet 3 is welded to the steel beam upper flange 7, the cantilever steel beam 12 and the steel joist 13. When the structures of the cast-in-place beam reinforced concrete slab panel 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 are subjected to stress checking calculation, concrete sections without the height of the plate ribs are taken, so that the effective thickness of the reinforced concrete bridge deck is relatively small, and the bearing capacity is relatively low.
The cantilever steel beams 12 are arranged on the outer sides of the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beams 1 and are spaced at intervals of 4-6 meters. The cantilever steel beam 12 is in an I-shaped section, the upper wing plate 17 is welded with the upper flange 7 of the steel beam, the web plate 18 and the lower wing plate 19 are welded with the web plate 20 of the steel beam, and the height of the section of the cantilever steel beam 12 is gradually reduced from the web plate 20 of the steel beam to the edge of the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6. The end part of the cantilever steel beam 12 is provided with a longitudinal bridge facing the steel joist 13, the top surface of the steel joist 13 is flush with the top surface of the cantilever steel beam 12, and the steel joist 13 is welded with the cantilever steel beam 12.
The precast reinforced concrete bridge deck 4 is connected with the reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 between the cast-in-place beams and the cast-in-place cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 by annular reinforcing steel bars 21. When the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam 1 is constructed, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars 22 are pre-extended out, after the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam is erected and installed, when the reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 between the beams or the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 is cast in place, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars 22 on the other side are installed, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars 22 in the same row are welded, longitudinal bridge-direction reinforcing steel bars 23 are arranged in a formed reinforcing steel bar ring, and finally concrete is cast in place to form the bridge deck.
The steel beam upper flange 7 and the diaphragm plate upper flange 15 are both provided with studs 8 so as to connect the steel beam 9 with the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck 4, the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck 5 and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck 6 to form the reinforced concrete composite beam.
When the steel beam 9 is the open steel box beam 10, a single box can be made into a piece of the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1, and then erection and installation are carried out; when the steel beam 9 is an i-shaped steel beam 11, two i-shaped steel beams can form one prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam 1, and then erection and installation are carried out.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an assembled steel-concrete composite beam does not have template construction decking which characterized in that: the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam bridge comprises prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams, wherein closed profiled steel plates are arranged at the tops of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams, prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge decks on the upper portions of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams are poured, open profiled steel plates are arranged between the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams, reinforced concrete bridge decks are poured among the beams on the open profiled steel plates, cantilever steel beams are arranged on the outer sides of the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beams, steel joists are arranged at the end portions of the cantilever steel beams along the longitudinal bridge direction, the open profiled steel plates are arranged on the cantilever steel beams and the steel joists, the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge decks are poured on the open profiled steel plates, and finally the reinforced concrete composite beam bridge is formed.
2. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the closed profiled steel sheet is laid along the longitudinal bridge direction and is welded with the upper flange of the steel beam and the upper flange of the diaphragm plate.
3. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and when the reinforced concrete bridge deck slab between the beams and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck slab are poured, opening profiled steel plates are paved in the transverse bridge direction, and the opening profiled steel plates are welded with the upper flange of the steel beam, the cantilever steel beam and the steel joist.
4. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck and the reinforced concrete bridge deck between the beams are connected with the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck by adopting annular steel bars.
5. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck, the reinforced concrete bridge deck between the beams and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck are connected with the steel beams of the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beam by using studs.
6. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck and the reinforced concrete bridge deck between the beams are connected through annular reinforcing steel bars, semi-annular reinforcing steel bars are pre-extended out of the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beams, after the prefabricated reinforced concrete combination beams are erected and installed, when the reinforced concrete bridge deck between the cast-in-place beams or the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck is cast, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars on the other side are installed, the semi-annular reinforcing steel bars in the same row are welded, and longitudinal bridge-direction reinforcing steel bars are arranged in a formed reinforcing steel bar ring.
7. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cantilever steel beam is in an I-shaped section and comprises an upper wing plate, a web plate and a lower wing plate, the upper wing plate is welded with the upper flange of the steel beam, the web plate and the lower wing plate are welded with the web plate of the steel beam, and the height of the section of the cantilever steel beam is gradually reduced from the web plate of the steel beam on the steel beam to the edge of the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck.
8. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the cantilever steel beam end is provided with the steel joist of vertical bridge orientation, and steel joist top surface and cantilever steel beam top surface parallel and level, steel joist and cantilever steel beam welding.
9. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the steel beam upper flange and the diaphragm plate upper flange are provided with studs, and the steel beam, the prefabricated reinforced concrete bridge deck, the inter-beam reinforced concrete bridge deck and the cantilever reinforced concrete bridge deck are connected through the studs.
10. The assembled steel-concrete composite beam formwork-free construction bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steel beams on the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam are an open steel box beam and an I-shaped steel beam, and when the steel beams are the open steel box beams, one open steel box beam is made into a piece of prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam; and when the steel beam is an I-shaped steel beam, the two I-shaped steel beams form a prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam.
CN202210247235.5A 2022-03-14 2022-03-14 Assembly type steel-concrete composite beam template-free construction bridge deck Pending CN114541258A (en)

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CN114892494A (en) * 2022-05-29 2022-08-12 中交二公局第三工程有限公司 Combined steel box girder and construction method thereof

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CN113445429A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-09-28 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 Profiled steel sheet laying structure suitable for support-free construction of steel-concrete composite beam bridge

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CN114892494A (en) * 2022-05-29 2022-08-12 中交二公局第三工程有限公司 Combined steel box girder and construction method thereof

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