CN114540982B - Sheath-core composite fiber bundle and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sheath-core composite fiber bundle and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540982B CN114540982B CN202210149816.5A CN202210149816A CN114540982B CN 114540982 B CN114540982 B CN 114540982B CN 202210149816 A CN202210149816 A CN 202210149816A CN 114540982 B CN114540982 B CN 114540982B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sheath-core composite fiber bundle and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the sheath-core composite fiber bundle comprises the following steps: 1) Compounding polyolefin, polyolefin elastomer and polyolefin graft copolymer to be used as a skin layer material, and taking at least one of polyolefin, polyester and polyester copolymer as a core layer material to carry out composite spinning to obtain nascent composite fiber; 2) And stretching the nascent composite fiber and then carrying out heat setting treatment to obtain the sheath-core composite fiber bundle. The sheath-core composite fiber bundle has the advantages of high strength and hardness, excellent water absorption and water guide performance, simple preparation process, no need of special production equipment, suitability for being used as a liquid transmission fiber rod, a liquid transmission block and the like, and very wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional fibers, in particular to a sheath-core composite fiber bundle and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The composite fiber is formed by respectively inputting melts or solutions of two or more fiber-forming polymers into the same spinning assembly, then merging the melts or solutions in the assembly and spraying the melts or solutions from the same spinneret orifice, and the composite fiber can show different performances due to different varieties, components, proportions, viscosities and the like of the fiber-forming polymers. The core layer polymer of the sheath-core (C/S) composite fiber is completely wrapped by the sheath layer polymer, and the sheath layer component and the core layer component have respective unique performances, so that the defects of a single polymer can be overcome, the fiber is endowed with unique combination performance, and the sheath-core (C/S) composite fiber is a very universal composite fiber structure type.
The water-absorbing fiber refers to a fiber having a water-absorbing function, which can absorb a certain amount of water without causing a change in length and a decrease in performance of the fiber due to water absorption. At present, liquid conduction is usually realized by preparing hollow fibers, but the fibers are difficult to have enough hardness by simply utilizing a hollow structure, and the internal cavities of the fibers are easy to close under the action of external force, so that the fibers finally lose the liquid conduction function. In addition, research has also disclosed that the capillary channel formed by the profiled cross-section fiber is used for realizing the migration of liquid, but the profiled cross-section fiber cannot prepare the fiber with stable structure and satisfactory hardness, and the profiled cross-section may have the possibility that the capillary channel is lost due to the mutual interpenetration between the cross-section blades.
Therefore, the development of the functional fiber with higher strength and hardness and excellent water absorption and water guide performance has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sheath-core composite fiber bundle and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the sheath-core composite fiber bundle comprises the following steps:
1) Compounding polyolefin, polyolefin elastomer and polyolefin graft copolymer to be used as a skin layer material, and taking at least one of polyolefin, polyester and polyester copolymer as a core layer material to carry out composite spinning to obtain nascent composite fiber;
2) And stretching the nascent composite fiber and then carrying out heat setting treatment to obtain the sheath-core composite fiber bundle.
Preferably, the sheath-core composite fiber bundle consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
skin layer material: 10 to 20 percent;
core layer material: 80 to 90 percent.
Preferably, the skin layer material consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
polyolefin: 65 to 97 percent;
polyolefin elastomer: 2 to 30 percent;
polyolefin graft copolymer: 1 to 5 percent.
Preferably, the polyolefin is at least one selected from polyethylene and polypropylene.
Preferably, the polyolefin has a melt index of 2g/10min to 80g/10min.
Preferably, the structural unit constituting the main chain in the polyolefin elastomer is selected from at least two of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, pentadiene, vinyl acetate, and styrene.
Further preferably, the polyolefin elastomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene copolymers, ethylene-butene copolymers, and ethylene-pentadiene copolymers.
Preferably, the polyolefin elastomer has a melt index of 1g/10min to 100g/10min.
Preferably, the structural unit constituting the main chain in the polyolefin graft copolymer is at least one selected from ethylene, propylene, butadiene, pentadiene, hydrogenated ethylene and styrene, and the grafted structural unit is at least one selected from maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate and acrylic anhydride.
Further preferably, the polyolefin graft copolymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, glycidyl methacrylate grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, glycidyl methacrylate grafted polypropylene, acrylic anhydride grafted polyethylene, and acrylic anhydride grafted polypropylene.
Preferably, the polyolefin graft copolymer has a melt index of 3g/10min to 100g/10min.
Preferably, the graft ratio of the polyolefin graft copolymer is 1% to 10%.
Preferably, the polyester is selected from at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.
Preferably, the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester is 0.5dl/g to 0.9dl/g.
Preferably, the polyester copolymer is selected from at least one of polyethylene terephthalate-poly (1, 4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) block copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol ester copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene glycol block copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-polyamide block copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-polybutylene terephthalate block copolymer, and polyethylene terephthalate-polypropylene terephthalate block copolymer.
Preferably, the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester copolymer is 0.5dl/g to 0.7dl/g.
Preferably, the skin layer material has a lower melting temperature than the core layer material.
Preferably, the stretching ratio is 1 to 7 times, the stretching temperature is between the melting temperature of the skin layer material and the melting temperature of the core layer material, and the stretching temperature is closer to the melting temperature of the skin layer material.
Preferably, the heat setting treatment is performed at 130 to 200 ℃ for 10 to 300 seconds.
Preferably, the temperature of the heat setting treatment is 0-10 ℃ higher than the melting temperature of the skin layer material.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention compounds polyolefin, polyolefin elastomer and polyolefin graft copolymer as skin layer material, uses at least one of polyolefin, polyester and polyester copolymer as core layer material, when carrying out composite spinning, the skin layer material and the core layer material can be partially compatible in a molten state, the interface of the skin layer material and the core layer material can be partially bonded, meanwhile, the extrusion swelling condition of polymer melt is different due to the difference of viscoelasticity behavior of the skin layer material and the core layer material, the extrusion swelling condition of the skin layer can be smaller than that of the core layer, simultaneously, by virtue of the action of external temperature and stress field, the nascent composite fiber with a certain gap between the skin layer and the core layer can be obtained, and then the nascent composite fiber is stretched and heat-shaped.
In the stretching process, because the melting temperature of the skin layer material is lower than the melting temperature of the core layer material, the stretching temperature is between the melting temperature of the skin layer material and the melting temperature of the core layer material, and the skin layer material is close to the melting temperature of the skin layer material, the skin layer material can bear the stretching action higher than the core layer material, the partial or complete separation of the skin layer and the core layer can be realized, and a certain separation vacuum state can be formed, so that the self-shelling (skin layer) of the core layer is realized, a first-stage capillary channel is formed, the absorption of liquid is facilitated (when a near water end fiber pipe orifice is contacted with liquid molecules, the atmospheric pressure value exceeds the vacuum inside the fibers, the liquid is automatically absorbed into a fiber endothelium-core pore space), meanwhile, because the stretching proportion of the skin layer and the core layer is different, the retraction relaxation under the action of partial internal force is realized after the stretching, so that the fibers can not keep a uniform linear structure, the discontinuous bonding between the fibers is realized to form a second-stage capillary channel, the acting force is fully utilized by constructing the capillary channel, the capillary action force, the liquid conduction efficiency is increased, and finally, the excellent skin core composite fiber bundle with higher strength and hardness and water absorption and water guide channel performance is obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the sheath-core composite fiber bundle has the advantages of high strength and hardness, excellent water absorption and water guide performance, simple preparation process, no need of special production equipment, suitability for liquid transmission fiber rods (such as perfume rods, medical filter rods, brush heads, marking pens, color pens and the like), liquid transmission blocks (such as the fields of wastewater treatment, oil-water separation and the like), and very wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of a fiber cross section in the sheath-core composite fiber of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a skin-core type composite fiber bundle is prepared by the following steps:
1) Taking 65 parts by mass of polyethylene, 30 parts by mass of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 5 parts by mass of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene as skin materials, drying, adding a first screw extruder, carrying out melt distribution through a first metering pump, allowing the mixture to enter a composite spinning assembly, taking 500 parts by mass of polyethylene terephthalate and 400 parts by mass of polyethylene terephthalate-1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol ester copolymer as core materials, drying, adding a second screw extruder, carrying out melt distribution through a second metering pump, allowing the mixture to enter the composite spinning assembly, and carrying out composite spinning to obtain nascent composite fibers;
2) And (3) stretching the nascent composite fiber by 1 time at 160 ℃, and then carrying out heat setting treatment for 60s at 140 ℃ to obtain the sheath-core composite fiber bundle.
Note:
polyethylene: 1300J of China petrochemical Yangzi petrochemical company, and the melt index is 14g/10min (test condition: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
ethylene-propylene copolymer: vistamaxx VM1100 from exxon Mobil, having a melt index of 1.3g/10min (test conditions: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene: AMPLIFY of Dow, USA TM LLDPE GR 202 with a melt index of 8g/10min (test conditions: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
polyethylene terephthalate: china petrochemical symbolizes chemical fiber FG600;
polyethylene terephthalate-1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol ester copolymer: PETG S2008 of SK in Korea.
And (3) performance testing:
1) A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the cross section of the fibers in the sheath-core composite fiber bundle of this example is shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the diameter of the individual fibers in the sheath-core composite fiber bundle of this example was about 30 μm, and capillary channels were observed.
2) The sheath-core type composite fiber bundle of this example had a breaking strength of 3.2cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 80% (the breaking strength and elongation at break were measured in accordance with "measurement of breaking strength and elongation at break of chemical fiber single fiber" of GB/T9997-1988), and a wicking height of 150mm (measured in accordance with "testing method for wicking Properties of rubber or plastic-coated fabrics" of GB/T37890-2019).
Example 2:
a skin-core type composite fiber bundle is prepared by the following steps:
1) Taking 97 parts by mass of polypropylene, 2 parts by mass of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene copolymer and 1 part by mass of maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer as skin materials, firstly drying, then adding a first screw extruder, carrying out melt distribution through a first metering pump, entering a composite spinning assembly, taking 900 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol terephthalate-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as a core material, firstly drying, then adding a second screw extruder, carrying out melt distribution through a second metering pump, entering the composite spinning assembly, and carrying out composite spinning to obtain nascent composite fibers;
2) And (3) stretching the nascent composite fiber by 7 times at 195 ℃, and then performing heat setting treatment for 150s at 180 ℃ to obtain the sheath-core composite fiber bundle.
Note:
polypropylene: PPH-Y40L of Dongguan megayuan scientific and technological limited company, the melt index is 40g/10min (test condition: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene copolymer: NORDEL by Dow, USA TM 3745P；
Maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer: graft SEBS FG-1901 graft (grafting rate 1.5%);
polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene glycol block copolymer: the self-made polyethylene glycol has a copolymerization ratio of 90.
And (3) performance testing:
1) In the sheath-core type composite fiber bundle of the present example, the diameter of the individual fibers was about 60 μm, and it was observed that the sheath layer was in a distinct pulled-out form.
2) The sheath-core type composite fiber bundle of this example had a breaking strength of 2.0cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 16% (the breaking strength and elongation at break were measured in accordance with "measurement of breaking strength and elongation at break of chemical fiber single fiber" of GB/T9997-1988), and a wicking height of 80mm (measured in accordance with "testing method for wicking Properties of rubber or plastic-coated fabrics" of GB/T37890-2019).
Example 3:
a sheath-core composite fiber bundle is prepared by the following steps:
1) Taking 90 parts by mass of polypropylene, 8 parts by mass of ethylene-butylene copolymer and 2 parts by mass of glycidyl methacrylate grafted polypropylene as skin layer materials, drying, adding a first screw extruder, carrying out melt distribution through a first metering pump, allowing the mixture to enter a composite spinning assembly, taking 538 parts by mass of polybutylene terephthalate and 28 parts by mass of polyethylene as core layer materials, drying, adding a second screw extruder, carrying out melt distribution through a second metering pump, allowing the mixture to enter the composite spinning assembly, and carrying out composite spinning to obtain nascent composite fibers;
2) And (3) stretching the nascent composite fiber by 3 times at 180 ℃, and then carrying out heat setting treatment for 300s at 160 ℃ to obtain the sheath-core composite fiber bundle.
Note:
polypropylene: PPH-Y40L of Dongguan megayuan scientific and technological limited company, the melt index is 40g/10min (test condition: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
ethylene-butene copolymer: dow, USA 7467, melt index 1.2g/10min (test conditions: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
glycidyl methacrylate grafted polypropylene: PPG-2401 of Guangzhou Donggin plastic science and technology Limited, the melt index is 70g/10 min-100 g/10min (test condition: 190 ℃/2.16 kg);
polybutylene terephthalate: VALOX 176 by Sabic, melt index 127g/10min (test conditions: 250 ℃/2.16 kg);
polyethylene: 1300J of China petrochemical Yangzi petrochemical company, ltd, and the melt index is 14g/10min (test condition: 190 ℃/2.16 kg).
And (3) performance testing:
1) The diameter of the individual fibers in the sheath-core composite fiber bundle of this example was about 40 μm, and capillary channels were observed.
2) The sheath-core type composite fiber bundle of this example had a breaking strength of 2.0cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 76% (the breaking strength and elongation at break were measured in accordance with "measurement of breaking strength and elongation at break of chemical fiber single fiber" of GB/T9997-1988), and a wicking height of 80mm (measured in accordance with "testing method for wicking Properties of rubber or plastic-coated fabrics" of GB/T37890-2019).
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a sheath-core composite fiber bundle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Compounding polyolefin, polyolefin elastomer and polyolefin graft copolymer to be used as a skin layer material, and taking at least one of polyolefin, polyester and polyester copolymer as a core layer material to carry out composite spinning to obtain nascent composite fiber;
2) Stretching the nascent composite fiber and then carrying out heat setting treatment to obtain a sheath-core composite fiber bundle;
the sheath-core composite fiber bundle comprises the following components in percentage by mass: skin layer material: 10% -20%; core layer material: 80% -90%;
the skin layer material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: polyolefin: 65 to 97 percent; polyolefin elastomer: 2% -30%; polyolefin graft copolymer: 1% -5%;
the skin layer material has a lower melting temperature than the core layer material;
the stretching multiple is 1-7 times, the stretching temperature is between the melting temperature of the skin layer material and the melting temperature of the core layer material, and the stretching temperature is closer to the melting temperature of the skin layer material;
the heat setting treatment is carried out at 130-200 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-300 s.
2. The method for producing the sheath-core composite fiber bundle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polyolefin is selected from at least one of polyethylene and polypropylene; the structural unit forming the main chain in the polyolefin elastomer is selected from at least two of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, pentadiene, vinyl acetate and styrene; the structural unit of the main chain in the polyolefin graft copolymer is selected from at least one of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, pentadiene, hydrogenated ethylene and styrene, and the grafted structural unit is selected from at least one of maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate and acrylic anhydride.
3. The method for producing a sheath-core composite fiber bundle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polyester is selected from at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; the polyester copolymer is selected from at least one of polyethylene terephthalate-poly (1, 4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) block copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol ester copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene glycol block copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-polyamide block copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate-polybutylene terephthalate block copolymer and polyethylene terephthalate-polytrimethylene terephthalate block copolymer.
4. A sheath-core type composite fiber bundle, which is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. Use of the sheath-core composite fiber bundle of claim 4 for the preparation of a liquid transfer fiber rod or a liquid transfer block.
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| CN101748514A (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-06-23 | 凯泰特种纤维科技有限公司 | Moisture-absorbing antistatic dyeable polypropylene fibre and preparation method thereof |
| CN106164349A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-11-23 | 东丽株式会社 | There is fiber and the manufacture method thereof of phase separation structure |
| CN106757504A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 广东省化学纤维研究所 | A kind of composite elastic fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN111560663A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-21 | 浙江恒澜科技有限公司 | Preparation method of cross-shaped skin-core moisture absorption and moisture removal fiber |
| CN112385921A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-23 | 武汉纺织大学 | Skin-core composite fiber unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and preparation method thereof |
| CN112680829A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of recycled polyester and polypropylene sheath-core composite fiber |
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