CN114540693A - High-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114540693A
CN114540693A CN202210012185.2A CN202210012185A CN114540693A CN 114540693 A CN114540693 A CN 114540693A CN 202210012185 A CN202210012185 A CN 202210012185A CN 114540693 A CN114540693 A CN 114540693A
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李志明
伍鹏飞
严定舜
甘科夫
张勇
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy consists of 27-35% of Fe, 17-22% of Ni, 17-22% of Cr, 17-22% of Co and 3-15% of Si in terms of atomic percentage; wherein the sum of the atomic percentage contents of Fe, Ni, Cr and Co is more than or equal to 85 percent; the sum of the atomic percentages of the components is 100 percent. The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy prepared by the invention has the structural characteristics that the face-centered cubic structure is taken as a matrix, shows high strength and plasticity and has excellent corrosion resistance; the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy can be applied to structural components serving in a corrosion environment, and the problems of low strength and the like of the existing corrosion-resistant alloy for a large number of engineering structures are solved.

Description

High-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of various fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, national defense and the like, the performance requirements of the engineering structural materials are higher and higher, and the traditional materials can not meet the requirements of some key equipment gradually. Some key engineering equipment materials need to have excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties, such as better toughness and the like. The development of the high-strength corrosion-resistant structural material can prolong the service life of the component, reduce resource loss, ensure the safety of the engineering component in a severer service environment, and the like.
Currently, the materials applied to engineering structural components that are resistant to corrosive environments are mainly different types of stainless steels, such as 304 and 316 stainless steels, etc., because the higher Cr content (>12 wt.%) makes them able to form a dense passive film that is effective against general corrosion, pitting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, etc., in most corrosive environments, while exhibiting good plasticity (tensile elongation may be greater than 40%). However, the traditional stainless steel has the problem of lower strength, the yield strength is generally below 200MPa, and the tensile strength is generally below 550 MPa; and local corrosion is easy to occur under a stronger corrosion environment, and the risk of stress corrosion cracking is caused under higher stress.
In recent years, High-entropy alloys (High-entropy alloys) and Multi-component alloys (Multi-component alloys) have received much attention because they break through conventional alloy design criteria, with the atomic fraction of at least four or five components in such alloys exceeding 5%. The characteristics of more alloy elements and high concentration of the alloy elements often enable the alloy to have excellent comprehensive properties. For example, the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy with equal atomic ratio has excellent fracture toughness, better plasticity and the like; the fracture toughness value of the alloy is superior to that of stainless steel at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, and can be compared with the existing low-temperature steel [ B.Gludovatz, A.Hohenwar, D.Catoor, E.H.Chang, E.P.George, R.O.Ritchie, Science,345(2014) 1153-.
However, Co20Cr20Fe20Mn20Ni20The high-entropy alloy (or multi-component alloy) with better plasticity has poor corrosion resistance and chlorine ion corrosion resistanceThe capacity is poor. Furthermore, the room temperature strength is low, and the yield is generally below 350MPa [ F.Otto, A.Dlouhy, Ch.Somsen, H.Bei, G.Eggeler, E.P.George, Acta Materialia 61(2013) -]. Therefore, the development of the high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant metal structural material has important significance on engineering equipment serving under extreme conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above and/or other problems occurring in the prior art.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, and provide a novel multi-component alloy material with corrosion resistance, higher strength and better plasticity and a preparation method thereof through Si alloying on the basis of the existing Fe-rich multi-component alloy, so as to solve the technical problems of poor corrosion resistance and low strength of the existing multi-component alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy comprises, by atomic percentage, 27-35% of Fe, 17-22% of Ni, 17-22% of Cr, 17-22% of Co and 3-15% of Si;
wherein the sum of the atomic percentage contents of Fe, Ni, Cr and Co is more than or equal to 85 percent; the sum of the atomic percentages of the components is 100 percent.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy as described above, which comprises,
preparing each component according to atom percentage;
smelting under the protection of vacuum or inert gas to obtain an alloy casting blank;
and (3) carrying out hot rolling, homogenization, cold rolling and annealing treatment on the casting blank to obtain the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials of each component are prepared, the raw materials of each component adopt pure elements or blocks or particles of intermediate alloy, and the purity of the raw materials is more than or equal to 99.50 percent.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting under the protection of vacuum or inert gas, and smelting under the vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1-0.0001 Pa; smelting under the protection of inert gas, wherein the pressure of the inert gas is 100-500 Pa.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and smelting at 1600-2300 ℃.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the casting blank is subjected to hot rolling, and multi-pass hot rolling is adopted, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 900-1200 ℃, the single rolling reduction is less than or equal to 30%, and the total rolling reduction is 50-80%.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the homogenization temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the treatment time is 30-600 minutes.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and in the cold rolling, multi-pass room-temperature cold rolling is adopted, the rolling reduction of a single pass is less than or equal to 20%, and the total rolling reduction is 50-90%.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy, the preparation method is characterized in that: and annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 5-30 minutes.
Another purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the high-toughness corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy in a corrosive environment, and the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material prepared by the invention has the texture characteristic that a face-centered cubic structure is taken as a matrix, and the surfaceThe high-strength and high-plasticity steel plate has excellent corrosion resistance, the yield strength is 300-400 MPa, the tensile strength is 750-900 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 60-80%; the passivation current density of the alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is 1.5X 10-6To 2.5X 10-6A/cm2Between-0.15 and-0.3VSCEMeanwhile, the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy can be applied to structural components serving in a corrosion environment, and the problems of low strength and the like of the existing corrosion-resistant alloy for a large number of engineering structures are solved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided by the invention has the structural characteristic that a face-centered cubic solid solution structure is taken as a matrix, so that good plasticity is ensured; the multi-component characteristic of the alloy enables the alloy to have obvious solid solution strengthening effect, ensures higher yield strength and has higher tensile strength due to good work hardening capacity; meanwhile, the alloy has excellent chloride ion corrosion resistance; the excellent comprehensive performance of the material enables the material to be applied to important structural components serving in a marine environment with high chloride ion concentration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrum of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a room temperature tensile curve of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 1 of the present invention immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 15 days.
FIG. 5 is a plot of electrochemical polarization of Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy materials provided in example 1 of the present invention in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
FIG. 6 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrum of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a room temperature tensile curve of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a scanning electron micrograph of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 2 of the present invention immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 15 days.
FIG. 10 is a plot of electrochemical polarization of Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy materials provided in example 2 of the present invention in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
FIG. 11 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrum of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention.
FIG. 12 is a scanning electron microscope image of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a room temperature tensile curve of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a scanning electron micrograph of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 3 of the present invention immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 15 days.
FIG. 15 is a plot of electrochemical polarization of Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy materials provided in example 3 of the present invention in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
FIG. 16 is an electrochemical polarization curve of the equiatomic ratio CoCrFeMnNi multicomponent alloy provided in comparative example 1 in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
(1) According to the chemical formula Fe34Ni21Cr20Co20Si5(atomic percent) is mixed, and the raw material uses the blocks (purity) corresponding to each pure element>99.9%), cleaned, smelted under the condition of argon, and smelted repeatedly for 4 times. The pressure of argon gas is about 400Pa during smelting, the smelting temperature is about 1700 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 minutes.
(2) After obtaining the smelted alloy ingot, the alloy is subjected to multi-pass hot rolling treatment, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 1000 ℃, the single rolling reduction is 15%, and the total rolling reduction is 60%.
(3) The hot-rolled alloy block is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment in a vacuum environment (the air pressure is about 2Pa), the temperature is 1180 ℃, the homogenization treatment time is 3 hours, and then water quenching is carried out.
(4) And (3) performing multi-pass room temperature cold rolling on the alloy block after high-temperature homogenization, wherein the rolling reduction of a single pass is 15%, and the total rolling reduction is 70%.
(5) And (3) annealing the cold-rolled alloy plate in a near-vacuum environment (the air pressure is about 2Pa), wherein the annealing temperature is 900 ℃, and the annealing time is 30 minutes, so that the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material is obtained.
As can be seen from the XRD pattern (figure 1) of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the obtained Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material mainly shows a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution structure.
As can be seen from the scanning electron microscope image (fig. 2) of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material obtained in this example is a completely recrystallized structure, the recrystallized grains contain more annealed twin crystals, and the average grain size measured after the twin crystals are removed is about 10 μm.
As can be seen from the room-temperature tensile curve (figure 3) of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the yield strength of the multi-component alloy obtained in the embodiment is about 370MPa, the tensile strength is about 755MPa, and the elongation after fracture is about 82%.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 1 was immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 15 days, and as can be seen by observing a scanning electron microscope (fig. 4), no significant corrosion was observed after immersion for 15 days.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 1 was subjected to electrochemical performance test in an electrochemical workstation equipped with a standard three-electrode system, and the reference electrode was a saturated calomel electrode. As can be seen from the electrochemical polarization curve in FIG. 5, the Fe-rich Si-rich multi-component alloy obtained in this example showed significant passivation in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with a passivation current density of about 1.37X 10-6A/cm2The corrosion potential is about-0.248VSCEThe breakdown potential of the passivation film is about 0.45VSCE. The results of fig. 4 and 5 show that the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 1 has excellent corrosion resistance.
Example 2
(1) According to the chemical formula Fe33.8Ni19Cr19.2Co20Si8(atomic percent) are mixed, and the raw materials are blocks (purity) corresponding to each element>99.9%), cleaned, smelted under the condition of argon, and smelted repeatedly for 4 times. The pressure of argon gas is about 400Pa during smelting, the smelting temperature is about 1700 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 minutes.
(2) And (3) carrying out multi-pass hot rolling treatment on the smelted alloy ingot, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the single-pass rolling reduction is 10%, and the total rolling reduction is 50%.
(3) The hot-rolled alloy block is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment under a near-vacuum environment (the air pressure is about 2Pa), the temperature is 1180 ℃, the homogenization treatment time is 2 hours, and then water quenching is carried out.
(4) And (3) carrying out multi-pass room temperature cold rolling on the alloy block after high-temperature homogenization, wherein the rolling reduction of a single pass is 20%, and the total rolling reduction is 70%.
(5) And (3) annealing the cold-rolled alloy plate in a near vacuum environment (the air pressure is about 2Pa), wherein the annealing temperature is 900 ℃, and the annealing time is 30 minutes, so that the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material is obtained.
As can be seen from the XRD spectrum (fig. 6) of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material obtained in this example also mainly exhibits a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution structure.
As can be seen from the scanning electron microscope image (figure 7) of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the obtained multi-component alloy with the solid solution structure is also in a complete recrystallization state, the recrystallized grains contain more annealing twin crystals, and the average grain size measured after the twin crystals are removed is about 20 μm.
As can be seen from the room-temperature tensile curve (FIG. 8) of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the yield strength of the multi-component alloy obtained in the embodiment is about 350MPa, the tensile strength is about 800MPa, and the elongation after fracture is about 75%.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 2 was immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 15 days, and as can be seen by observing a scanning electron microscope (fig. 9), no significant corrosion was observed after immersion for 15 days.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 2 was subjected to electrochemical performance testing, the testing method was the same as that in example 1, and as can be seen from the electrochemical polarization curve in fig. 10, the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy obtained in this example showed an obvious passivation phenomenon in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, with a passivation current density of about 2.22 × 10-6A/cm2Corrosion potential of about-0.287VSCEThe breakdown potential of the passivation film is about 0.944VSCE. As can be seen from the results of fig. 9 and 10, the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 2 is excellent in corrosion resistance.
Example 3
(1) Pure element particles (Fe, Ni, Cr, Co and Si) with the purity of 99.9 percent are adopted as raw materials according to the chemical formulaFormula Fe30Ni20Cr19Co21Si10(atomic percentage) are proportioned, the raw materials are smelted in a vacuum arc furnace for 5 times, a small amount of argon is filled during smelting, the pressure is kept at 400Pa, the smelting temperature is about 1800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20 minutes.
(2) And (3) carrying out multi-pass hot rolling treatment on the smelted alloy ingot, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the single rolling reduction is 15%, and the total rolling reduction is 60%.
(3) The hot-rolled alloy block is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment (the air pressure is about 2Pa) in a near-vacuum environment at 1200 ℃ for 3 hours, and then water quenching is carried out.
(4) And (3) performing multi-pass room temperature rolling on the alloy block after high-temperature homogenization, wherein the rolling reduction of a single pass is 10%, and the total rolling reduction is 70%.
(5) And (3) annealing the cold-rolled alloy plate in a near vacuum environment (the air pressure is about 2Pa), wherein the annealing temperature is 950 ℃, and the annealing time is 5 minutes, so that the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material is obtained.
As can be seen from the XRD pattern (fig. 11) of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the multi-component alloy obtained in this example also exhibits a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution structure.
As can be seen from the scanning electron microscope image (figure 12) of the Fe-rich and Si-containing multi-component alloy material, the embodiment shows a completely recrystallized structure, contains more annealing twin crystals, and the average grain size measured after the twin crystals are removed is about 15 μm;
as can be seen from the room-temperature tensile curve (FIG. 13) of the Fe-rich Si-containing multicomponent alloy material, the yield strength of this example was about 395MPa, the tensile strength was about 900MPa, and the elongation after fracture was about 83%.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 3 was immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 15 days, and as can be seen by observing a scanning electron microscope (fig. 14), no significant corrosion was observed after immersion for 15 days.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided in example 3 is subjected to electrochemical performance test, the test method is the same as that of example 1, and as can be seen from the electrochemical polarization curve in FIG. 15, the material of the exampleThe obtained Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy shows obvious passivation phenomenon in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, and the self-corrosion current density is about 2.62 multiplied by 10-6A/cm2The corrosion potential is about-0.261VSCEThe breakdown potential of the passivation film is about 0.97VSCE. The results of fig. 14 and 15 show that example 3 is excellent in corrosion resistance.
Comparative example 1
According to the description of the literature (Sjsa B, Yzt A, Hrla B, et al. enhanced structural h and performance of bulk CoCrFeMnNi high even fusion microwave reinforced composite structure [ J ]. Materials & Design,2017,133:122-127.), a CoCrFeMnNi multicomponent alloy material with equal atomic ratio is prepared; the yield strength of the CoCrFeMnNi multi-component alloy with the equal atomic ratio at room temperature is 310MPa, the tensile strength is 725MPa, and the elongation is only 58%.
The electrochemical performance test of the CoCrFeMnNi alloy material with the equal atomic ratio provided by the comparative example 1 is performed, the test method is the same as that of the example 1, and the electrochemical polarization curve of FIG. 16 shows that the corrosion potential of the CoCrFeMnNi alloy with the equal atomic ratio in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is about-0.227VSCEPitting potential is about 0.01VSCEAlmost no passivation interval.
Comparing example 3 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that: the breakdown potential of the corrosion-resistant high-toughness Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material passive film is 0.9V higher than that of a CoCrFeMnNi multi-component alloySCEAnd a more stable passivation film is shown.
Comparing FIGS. 5, 6, 15 and 16: the corrosion potential and the corrosion current density of the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy materials prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution are equivalent to those of an equiatomic ratio CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy, but the breakdown potential of the passivation film of examples 1, 2 and 3 is much higher than that of the equiatomic ratio CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy, which indicates that the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy materials prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 have better chlorine ion corrosion resistance than that of the equiatomic ratio CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided by the invention has the following characteristics in the aspect of component matching: by introducing Si, on one hand, Si and Cr are preferentially enriched on the surface of the material in a corrosion environment and promote to form a compact and stable passive film, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved (see figures 10, 11 and 12). On the other hand, by utilizing the characteristic that the atomic radius of Si is greatly different from the atomic radii of Fe, Ni, Cr and Co, large lattice distortion is generated in the face-centered cubic structure matrix to block dislocation movement, so that the solid solution strengthening effect in the alloy is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the addition of Si improves the work hardening capacity of the alloy and improves the strength and the elongation of the alloy (see attached figures 3 and 6). By the technical measures, the strong plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is ensured.
In addition, the existence of higher content of Co and Ni is also beneficial to the alloy to form a face-centered cubic structure to a certain extent, so that the alloy can keep the face-centered cubic structure characteristics under different processing states (such as casting, hot rolling, homogenization and the like). The face-centered cubic structure metal has more slip directions and slip systems, so the face-centered cubic structure metal has better plasticity than body-centered cubic and close-packed hexagonal structure metals. Provides good tissue conditions for subsequent cold and hot plastic deformation.
The high Cr content in the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material is beneficial to forming a compact and stable passive film in a corrosive environment, so that the excellent corrosion resistance of the alloy is ensured. Meanwhile, under the auxiliary action of Si element, Cr and Si are preferentially enriched on the surface of the material in a corrosive environment, and the formation of a compact and stable passive film is effectively promoted, so that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is further improved. The higher content of Fe, Co and Cr can also improve the solid solution strengthening effect in the alloy, and is beneficial to improving the strength.
The multi-component alloy material of the invention introduces a large amount of Si element, and the comprehensive effect is briefly described as follows: 1) si can reach the surface of the material preferentially in a corrosive environment to promote the formation of dense and stable SiO-containing materials2And Cr2O3The alloy is enriched in a surface passivation film together, so that the alloy has excellent corrosion resistance; 2) si with an atomic radius of 0.117nm differs significantly from the atomic radii of Fe, Ni, Cr, Co (0.126 nm, 0.124nm, 0.128nm and 0.125nm, respectively), resulting in a larger lattice in the face centered cubic matrixDistortion is used for hindering dislocation movement, the solid solution strengthening effect in the alloy is effectively improved, and the strength of the alloy is further improved; 3) although the introduction of Si increases the lattice distortion, the face-centered cubic structure of the alloy is not changed, and simultaneously, the introduction of Si changes the dislocation motion form during the deformation of the alloy, so that the work hardening capacity of the alloy is improved, and the plasticity is not deteriorated or even improved.
In addition, the alloy ingot can effectively eliminate defects (such as micropores, microcracks and the like) generated in the alloy during smelting and casting by hot rolling, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy is improved; and then homogenizing treatment is carried out, so that uniform distribution of all components in the alloy can be further promoted, a face-centered cubic isometric crystal structure with uniform components is formed, and good plasticity of the alloy is further ensured. Although the grain size of the alloy after homogenization treatment is larger, grain refinement can be effectively realized through subsequent cold rolling and recrystallization annealing treatment, and the strength of the alloy is improved on the premise of ensuring good plasticity of the alloy.
The Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy material provided by the invention has the structural characteristic that a face-centered cubic solid solution structure is taken as a matrix, so that good plasticity is ensured; the multi-component characteristic of the alloy enables the alloy to have obvious solid solution strengthening effect, ensures higher yield strength and has higher tensile strength due to good work hardening capacity; meanwhile, the alloy has excellent chloride ion corrosion resistance; the excellent comprehensive performance of the material enables the material to be applied to important structural components serving in a marine environment with high chloride ion concentration.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy is characterized in that: according to atomic percentage, the alloy consists of 27-35% of Fe, 17-22% of Ni, 17-22% of Cr, 17-22% of Co and 3-15% of Si;
wherein the sum of the atomic percentage contents of Fe, Ni, Cr and Co is more than or equal to 85 percent; the sum of the atomic percentages of the components is 100 percent.
2. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparing raw materials of each component according to atom percentage;
smelting under the protection of vacuum or inert gas to obtain an alloy casting blank;
and (3) carrying out hot rolling, homogenization, cold rolling and annealing treatment on the casting blank to obtain the Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy.
3. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to claim 2, wherein: the raw materials of each component are prepared, the raw materials of each component adopt pure elements or blocks or particles of intermediate alloy, and the purity of the raw materials is more than or equal to 99.50 percent.
4. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: smelting under the protection of vacuum or inert gas, and smelting under the vacuum condition, wherein the vacuum degree is 1-0.0001 Pa; smelting under the protection of inert gas, wherein the pressure of the inert gas is 100-500 Pa.
5. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to claim 4, wherein: and smelting at 1600-2300 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the casting blank is subjected to hot rolling, and multi-pass hot rolling is adopted, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 900-1200 ℃, the single rolling reduction is less than or equal to 30%, and the total rolling reduction is 50-80%.
7. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to claim 6, wherein: the homogenization temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the treatment time is 30-600 minutes.
8. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to any one of claims 2, 3, 5 and 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the cold rolling, multi-pass room-temperature cold rolling is adopted, the rolling reduction of a single pass is less than or equal to 20%, and the total rolling reduction is 50-90%.
9. The method for preparing the high toughness corrosion resistant Fe-rich Si-containing multi-component alloy according to any one of claims 2, 3, 5 and 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 5-30 minutes.
10. Use of the high toughness, corrosion resistant Fe-rich, Si-containing multi-component alloy of claim 1 in corrosive environments.
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