CN114540576A - Process for smelting ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in electric furnace - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production process for smelting ultralow-boron steel by an electric furnace in a continuous iron adding mode, belonging to the field of metallurgical engineering. A process for smelting ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in an electric furnace comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the carbon steel scrap and molten iron are used as raw materials for smelting. Step two: and (5) at the initial stage of smelting. Step three: and (5) the middle stage of smelting. Step four: and (5) in the later stage of smelting. Step five: and finishing smelting. Step six: and adopting the operation of leaving steel and slag, and strictly prohibiting the oxidizing slag from entering the steel ladle. After the scheme of the invention is adopted, the end point is not too much, the oxidability of molten steel is reduced, meanwhile, the content of molten slag (FeO) is low, the steel-slag separation effect is good, the slag quantity in the steel tapping is reduced, and the safety and controllability of the production flow are fundamentally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process for smelting ultralow boron steel by an electric furnace in a continuous iron adding manner, belonging to the field of metallurgical engineering.
Background
With the continuous development of steel materials, the performance requirements on steel products are continuously improved, the component control precision is continuously enhanced, and the influence of residual boron in molten steel on the steel products under the original production standard is gradually highlighted. Boron is widely present in molten iron, steel-making alloys and metallurgical refractory materials, is an easily-oxidizable non-metallic element, and has low solubility in steel. Boron is used as an alloy element in part of steel grades, so that the formation of ferrite and pearlite can be delayed, the hardenability of the steel in the normalizing process is improved, and the mechanical property of the steel can be greatly improved by adding a small amount (0.0007%). On the other hand, however, the high sensitivity of the steel material to boron leads to an increase in the fluctuation in hardenability of the steel material and a decrease in low-temperature impact properties. In order to control the influence of boron on the performance of steel, part of steel grades require that the boron content in the steel is controlled to be below 0.0005 percent. Therefore, a new production process is needed to reduce the boron content in the molten steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a process for smelting ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in an electric furnace.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a process for smelting ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in an electric furnace comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adopting carbon steel scrap and molten iron as raw materials, wherein the molten iron ratio is 80-100%, the molten iron temperature is 1320-; the smelting electric furnace and the steel ladle both adopt low-boron refractory materials; the alloying after the furnace adopts low boron alloy.
Step two: in the initial smelting stage: charging an electric furnace, then adding iron, simultaneously adding 1-3t of lime in batches, blowing oxygen for slagging when adding molten iron for 15-25t, controlling and keeping molten steel C in the furnace within the range of 0.90-1.10% by adjusting oxygen blowing intensity, iron adding speed and lime adding rhythm, and thus forming foamed slag, realizing uniform decarburization boiling of a molten pool of the electric furnace and automatic slag discharge.
Step three: in the middle stage of smelting: reducing the iron adding speed to 3.5-4.0t/min, controlling the molten steel C within the range of 0.20-0.40%, improving the oxidability of slag, oxidizing the steel B into the slag, and realizing the reliable removal of boron element by slagging a large amount of foam slag.
Step four: and (3) in the later stage of smelting: increasing the iron adding speed to 6-8t/min to completely add the molten iron, and controlling the molten steel C to be 0.75-0.85%; adding 300-1000kg of lime in 1-3 batches, and adjusting the oxygen supply intensity to keep the slag actively boiling.
Step five: and (3) smelting end point: blowing oxygen to pull carbon to 0.20-0.40% to avoid over oxygen, after blowing, confirming that the components are qualified, and tapping after the temperature is qualified.
Step six: and adopting the operation of leaving steel and slag, and strictly prohibiting the oxidizing slag from entering the steel ladle.
Furthermore, the low-boron refractory material is an electric furnace slag line brick B which is less than or equal to 20ppm, an electric furnace molten pool brick B which is less than or equal to 10ppm, a ladle molten pool brick B which is less than or equal to 50ppm and a ladle slag line brick B which is less than or equal to 80 ppm.
Further, the low-boron alloy is ferrosilicon B which is less than or equal to 80 ppm; the silicon manganese is less than or equal to 10ppm, the ferromolybdenum is less than or equal to 10ppm, and the ferrovanadium B is less than or equal to 10 ppm.
Further, in the second step, the oxygen blowing intensity is 2.7-3.5 Nm/t.min, the iron mixing speed is 3.5-4.5t/min, and the lime adding rhythm is 500 kg/batch.
Further, the oxygen supply intensity is adjusted to 8000-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. and the quality is improved. Before the method is implemented, when the low-boron steel is smelted, on the premise of strictly using low-boron raw materials and low-boron refractory materials, the boron content of the molten steel is always in the range of 0.0006-0.0008%, and the requirements of customers are difficult to meet. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the boron content of the molten steel can be controlled to be below 0.0005%, the increase of oxide inclusions generated by molten steel peroxidation can be avoided, and the refining pressure of the post-procedure is reduced. Production practice proves that the scheme can be used for smelting the ultra-low boron steel with the boron content of less than 0.0005 percent by using an electric furnace.
2. The smelting safety is improved. When medium-high carbon steel is smelted, steel is peroxidized at the end point of the electric furnace and has large slag carrying amount and strong oxidability of molten steel, and ladle overturning accidents are easy to occur after carbon-oxygen reaction gas is gathered in the refining process. After the scheme of the invention is adopted, the end point is not too much, the oxidability of molten steel is reduced, meanwhile, the content of molten slag (FeO) is low, the steel-slag separation effect is good, the slag quantity in the steel tapping is reduced, and the safety and controllability of the production flow are fundamentally improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a production process diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a production process for smelting ultra-low boron steel by using an electric furnace, which has reasonable design and can control the boron content of molten steel to be below 0.0005 percent in production practice.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: by comparing the oxidation free energy of main alloy elements in molten iron and scrap steel, the reduction capability sequence of the elements is as follows: aluminum > titanium > silicon > boron > manganese. In the standard state, aluminum, titanium, silicon, etc. are combined with oxygen in preference to boron, which is combined with oxygen in preference to manganese. As long as a large amount of manganese in the molten iron is oxidized, the boron can be removed by oxidation.
The oxidation depth in the electric furnace is controlled by adjusting the oxygen blowing intensity and the iron adding speed through the electric furnace by adopting a continuous iron adding technology, boron in the molten steel is oxidized and enters molten slag, the boron is discharged out of the furnace through automatic slag discharging, the reliable removal of the boron in the molten steel is realized, and finally, the molten steel is tapped after the components of the molten steel are controlled to reach the tapping requirement range.
The process for smelting the ultra-low boron steel by continuously adding iron in the electric furnace comprises the following steps:
1. the method adopts carbon steel scraps and molten iron as raw materials, the molten iron ratio is more than or equal to 80 percent, the temperature of the molten iron is more than or equal to 1320 ℃, the content of Si required by the components of the molten iron is 0.30-0.45 percent, and the steel scraps containing Ti and B are forbidden; the smelting steel ladle adopts a low-boron refractory material; low boron alloy is used for alloying after furnace
2. In the initial smelting stage: and (3) beginning to add iron after the electric furnace is charged, and simultaneously adding lime in batches for about 2 t. And (3) beginning to blow oxygen for slagging when molten iron is added for about 15t, and controlling and keeping the molten steel [ C ] in the furnace within the range of 0.90-1.10% by adjusting the oxygen blowing intensity, the iron adding speed and the lime adding rhythm to produce foamed slag so as to realize uniform decarburization boiling of an electric furnace molten pool and automatic slag discharge.
3. In the middle stage of smelting: the molten iron adding speed is reduced by 3.5-4t/min, the molten steel C is controlled within the range of 0.20-0.40%, the oxidability of slag is improved, the B in the steel is oxidized and enters the slag, and the boron element is reliably removed by discharging a large amount of slag through foam making.
4. And (3) in the later stage of smelting: increasing the iron adding speed to 6-8t/min, and controlling the molten steel [ C ] to be about 0.80%; 300kg of lime is added in batches, and the oxygen supply intensity and lime adding rhythm are adjusted to ensure that the molten slag keeps actively boiling.
5. And (3) smelting end point: blowing oxygen to carbon content of 0.20-0.40% to avoid over oxygen and blowing. And (4) determining that the components are qualified, and tapping after the temperature is qualified (different steel types require different requirements and can be considered according to 1640-.
6. And adopting the operation of leaving steel and slag, and strictly prohibiting the oxidizing slag from entering the steel ladle.
The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the method of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the embodiment, the electric furnace is an EBT electric furnace, and is matched with a coherent oxygen lance, a molten iron tipping vehicle, a tipping speed control system, a molten iron chute and other facilities. The smelting steel grade is ER7, and the electric furnace tapping component requirements are as follows: c is more than or equal to 0.20 percent and less than or equal to 0.40 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.008 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.050 percent, and B is less than or equal to 0.0004 percent.
1. The amount of retained molten steel is 25t, the amount of retained slag is 6t, 16.1t of carbon steel scrap and 79.3t of molten iron are filled, the temperature of the molten iron is 1420 ℃, and the content of Si in the molten iron is required to be 0.431%; the smelting steel ladle adopts a low-boron refractory material; the alloying after the furnace adopts low boron alloy.
2. In the initial smelting stage: adding iron after charging in the electric furnace, and simultaneously adding lime for 2t in batches. And blowing oxygen to make slag when 15t of molten iron is added. Controlling the oxygen blowing intensity to be 3.1Nm3/t.min, the iron adding speed to be 4.5t/min and the lime to be 300 kg/batch, controlling and keeping the molten steel [ C ] in the furnace within the range of 0.90-1.10 percent, producing foam slag, realizing the uniform decarburization boiling of an electric furnace molten pool and automatic slag discharge. In the slag discharging process, white ash (300 kg/batch) is supplemented according to the slag condition, and the alkalinity of the slag is controlled within the range of 3.0-3.5.
3. In the middle stage of smelting: the molten iron adding speed is reduced to 3.5t/min, the molten steel [ C ] is controlled within the range of 0.20-0.40%, the oxidability of slag is improved, the [ B ] in the steel is oxidized and enters the slag, and the reliable removal of boron element is realized by the large-amount slag discharge of foam-making slag.
4. And (3) in the later stage of smelting: increasing the iron adding speed to 7t/min, and controlling the molten steel [ C ] to be 0.80%; adding 300kg of lime into the furnace in 2 batches, and adjusting the oxygen supply intensity and the lime adding rhythm to keep the molten slag actively boiling. The slag alkalinity R = (CaO): SiO2) is 3.0.
5. And (3) smelting end point: controlling the final slag alkalinity R = (CaO): (SiO2) between 3.0 and 3.5, blowing oxygen and pulling carbon to the range of 0.30 to 0.40 percent, and finishing the blowing. And (5) determining that the components are qualified, and tapping after the temperature is qualified.
6. And adopting the operation of leaving steel and slag, and strictly prohibiting the oxidizing slag from entering the steel ladle.
Example two:
in the embodiment, the electric furnace is an EBT electric furnace, and is matched with a coherent oxygen lance, a molten iron tipping vehicle, a tipping speed control system, a molten iron chute and other facilities. The smelting steel grade is CL65, and the electric furnace tapping component requirements are as follows: c is more than or equal to 0.12 percent and less than or equal to 0.50 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.007 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.050 percent, and B is less than or equal to 0.0004 percent.
1. The amount of the retained molten steel is 30t, the amount of the retained slag is 4t, 15.4t of carbon steel scrap and 76.9t of molten iron are filled, the temperature of the molten iron is 1396 ℃, and the content of Si in the molten iron is 0.542%; the smelting steel ladle adopts a low-boron refractory material; the alloying after the furnace adopts low boron alloy.
2. In the initial smelting stage: adding iron after charging in the electric furnace, and simultaneously adding lime in batches for 2.5 t. And blowing oxygen to make slag when 15t of molten iron is added. Controlling the oxygen blowing intensity to be 4.0Nm3/t.min, the iron adding speed to be 4.5t/min and the lime to be 300 kg/batch, controlling and keeping the molten steel [ C ] in the furnace within the range of 0.90-1.10 percent, producing foamy slag, realizing the uniform decarburization boiling of the electric furnace molten pool and automatic slag discharge. Supplementing lime (300 kg/batch) according to slag conditions in the slag discharging process, and controlling the alkalinity of the slag within the range of 3.0-3.5.
3. In the middle stage of smelting: the molten iron adding speed is reduced by 4t/min, the molten steel C is controlled within the range of 0.20-0.40%, the oxidability of the slag is improved, the B in the steel is oxidized and enters the slag, and the boron element is reliably removed by discharging a large amount of slag through foam making.
4. And (3) in the later stage of smelting: increasing the iron adding speed by 7t/min, and controlling the molten steel [ C ] to be 0.80%; 300kg of lime is added in a single batch, and the oxygen supply intensity and the lime adding rhythm are adjusted to ensure that the slag keeps actively boiling. The slag alkalinity R = (CaO): SiO2) is 3.0.
5. And (3) smelting end point: controlling the final slag alkalinity R = (CaO): (SiO2) between 3.0 and 3.5, blowing oxygen and pulling carbon to the range of 0.20 to 0.30 percent, and finishing the blowing. And (5) determining that the components are qualified, and tapping after the temperature is qualified.
6. And adopting the operation of leaving steel and slag, and strictly prohibiting the oxidizing slag from entering the steel ladle.
According to the invention, the method of continuously adding iron by an electric furnace and adjusting the oxygen blowing intensity is adopted, the oxidation depth in the furnace is controlled to oxidize and remove boron, the boron is reliably removed by the slag reconstructed by the electric furnace slag flowing, and finally the components at the end point are controlled not to be oxidized, so that the oxidability of molten steel is reduced, the amount of discharged steel strip slag is reduced, and the purity of the molten steel is ensured. The low-boron alloy and the low-boron refractory material are matched to be used, and the ultra-low boron steel with the boron content of less than 0.0005 percent is obtained.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art are covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A process for smelting ultra-low boron steel by continuously adding iron in an electric furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adopting carbon steel scrap and molten iron as raw materials, wherein the molten iron ratio is 80-100%, the molten iron temperature is 1320-; the smelting electric furnace and the steel ladle both adopt low-boron refractory materials; low boron alloy is adopted for alloying after the furnace;
step two: in the initial smelting stage: adding iron after charging in an electric furnace, simultaneously adding 1-3t of lime in batches, blowing oxygen for slagging when adding 15-25t of molten iron, controlling and keeping molten steel C in the furnace within the range of 0.90-1.10% by adjusting oxygen blowing intensity, iron adding speed and lime adding rhythm, and producing foamed slag to realize uniform decarburization boiling of a molten pool of the electric furnace and automatic slag discharge;
step three: in the middle stage of smelting: reducing the iron adding speed to 3.5-4.0t/min, controlling the molten steel C within the range of 0.20-0.40%, improving the oxidability of slag, oxidizing the steel B into the slag, and realizing the reliable removal of boron element by slagging a large amount of foam slag;
step four: and (3) in the later stage of smelting: increasing the iron adding speed to 6-8t/min to completely add the molten iron, and controlling the molten steel C to be 0.75-0.85%; adding 300-1000kg of lime in 1-3 batches, and adjusting the oxygen supply intensity to keep the molten slag actively boiling;
step five: and (3) smelting end point: blowing oxygen and pulling carbon to 0.20-0.40% to avoid over oxidation, finishing blowing, determining that the components are qualified, and tapping after the temperature is qualified;
step six: and adopting steel and slag remaining operation, and strictly prohibiting oxidizing slag from entering a steel ladle.
2. The process for smelting the ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in the electric furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the low-boron refractory material is an electric furnace slag line brick B which is less than or equal to 20ppm, an electric furnace molten pool brick B which is less than or equal to 10ppm, a ladle molten pool brick B which is less than or equal to 50ppm and a ladle slag line brick B which is less than or equal to 80 ppm.
3. The process for smelting the ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in the electric furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the low-boron alloy is ferrosilicon B which is less than or equal to 80 ppm; the silicon manganese is less than or equal to 10ppm, the ferromolybdenum is less than or equal to 10ppm, and the ferrovanadium B is less than or equal to 10 ppm.
4. The process for smelting the ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in the electric furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the oxygen blowing intensity is 2.7-3.5 Nm/t.min, the iron charging speed is 3.5-4.5t/min, and the lime adding rhythm is 500 kg/batch.
5. The process for smelting the ultralow boron steel by continuously adding iron in the electric furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: adjusting the oxygen supply intensity to 8000-10000 Nm/h in the fourth step.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115838892A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-24 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | Smelting method of ultralow boron steel |
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