CN114538936B - Preparation method of ceramic shell of vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber - Google Patents
Preparation method of ceramic shell of vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber Download PDFInfo
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a ceramic shell of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber, which comprises the following steps: s1: ball milling ceramic powder, discharging and sieving; s2: adding the ceramic powder in the step S1 into a composite binder, heating, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry; s3: performing hot-pressing casting on the mixed slurry in the step S2; s4: adding a separating agent into the blank formed in the step S3 by die casting, soaking to separate out a binder, and drying; s5: sintering the blank after being soaked by the precipitating agent at high temperature; s6: performing fine grinding processing on the semi-finished product sintered at high temperature in the step S5; s7: carrying out deep processing metallization treatment on the semi-finished product piece subjected to fine grinding in the step S6; s8: and welding the finished product after the metallization treatment to a tubing. The invention takes the advantages of hot-press casting and forming: the special-shaped piece ceramic product with a complex structure can be formed; the manufacturing cost of one-time de-waxing and baking procedures is avoided, the efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the mechanical and electrical properties of ceramic products are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric vacuum manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a ceramic shell of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber.
Background
The traditional steel die hot-casting (injection) molding method is used for manufacturing high-alumina ceramic, wherein a certain proportion of binder paraffin (generally 11.5-16.5% of No. 56-75 paraffin ratio of mixed powder) is added into alumina powder (ceramic containing 90-99% of alumina), the alumina powder is put into a slurry mixing machine, heated to about 100 ℃, mixed powder is added while stirring, the process time is finished, slurry is discharged and sent to a molding process, and the traditional process has the following problems: when the wax blank is used for removing wax, the phenomenon that the wax blank with larger wall thickness is single or the wax content of the single unit or the local part of the wax blank is high can generate defects such as integral or local wax flowing, cracking and the like, the phenomenon causes the ceramic porcelain to be reduced in various mechanical (bending resistance and tensile strength) and electrical (porosity and tightness) performances, and the dispersion difference between the local parts of single products and the product is larger and the consistency is poor.
Especially, the generated micro cracks and internal defects of the ceramic cannot be removed in the inspection process; in the subsequent processing and use, the release of internal stress of porcelain and the expansion of tiny defects caused by the influence of external conditions promote the rapid aging of ceramic products to cause complete failure, thus greatly shortening the service life of the ceramic products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects existing in the prior art and providing a preparation method of a ceramic shell of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for solving the problems of wax flowing and cracking in the process of removing wax.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the ceramic shell of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber comprises the following steps:
s1: ball milling ceramic powder, discharging and sieving;
s2: adding the ceramic powder in the step S1 into a composite binder, heating, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
s3: performing hot-pressing casting on the mixed slurry in the step S2;
s4: adding a separating agent into the blank formed in the step S3 by die casting, soaking to separate out a binder, and drying;
s5: sintering the blank after being soaked by the precipitating agent at high temperature;
s6: performing fine grinding processing on the semi-finished product sintered at high temperature in the step S5;
s7: carrying out deep processing metallization treatment on the semi-finished product piece subjected to fine grinding in the step S6;
s8: and welding the finished product after the metallization treatment to a tubing.
Preferably, the ceramic powder in the step S1 contains 90-99% of alumina by mass.
Preferably, the addition amount of the composite binder in the step S2 is 7.5 to 11.5%.
Preferably, the composite binder comprises 39-65% of paraffin wax, 4-8% of stearic acid, 4-8% of dibutyl phthalate and 20-45% of polyethylene according to mass ratio.
Preferably, the composite binder comprises 39-65% of paraffin wax, 4-8% of stearic acid, 4-8% of 2-ethylhexyl butyl ester and 20-45% of polypropylene according to mass ratio.
Preferably, the composite binder comprises 61% of paraffin wax, 4.5% of stearic acid, 5% of dibutyl phthalate and 29.5% of polyethylene in mass ratio.
Preferably, the precipitating agent in the step S4 comprises 50-85 parts by mass of deionized water, 50-15 parts by mass of absolute alcohol, 0-5 parts by mass of kerosene and 0-5 parts by mass of dimethylformamide.
Preferably, the soaking time in the step S4 is 1-3 hours.
Preferably, the temperature in the step S5 is 1200 to 1700 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention takes the advantages of hot-press casting and forming: the special-shaped piece ceramic product with a complex structure can be formed; avoid subtracting the manufacturing cost of the primary de-waxing and baking process, and greatly improve the efficiency. Meanwhile, the mechanical (bending resistance and tensile strength) and electrical (porosity and tightness) properties of the ceramic product are improved, and the ceramic product is guaranteed to have good performance consistency and small dispersion.
The invention has simple operation and strong practicability, and can be used for producing high alumina ceramic tube shells in large scale.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are set forth to provide a further detailed description of the present invention, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and that all other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the present invention, will come to the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims without the exercise of inventive faculty.
The preparation method of the ceramic shell of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: ball milling ceramic powder, discharging and sieving;
s2: adding the ceramic powder in the step S1 into a composite binder, heating, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
s3: performing hot-pressing casting on the mixed slurry in the step S2;
s4: adding a separating agent into the blank formed in the step S3 by die casting, soaking to separate out a binder, and drying;
s5: sintering the blank after being soaked by the precipitating agent at high temperature;
s6: performing fine grinding processing on the semi-finished product sintered at high temperature in the step S5;
s7: carrying out deep processing metallization treatment on the semi-finished product piece subjected to fine grinding in the step S6;
s8: and welding the finished product after the metallization treatment to a tubing.
The traditional process flow is as follows: main material and small material, material mixing ball milling, wax pulping, hot die casting forming, filling bowl loading, full kiln discharging (dewaxing), bowl discharging and blank repairing, high temperature sintering, fine grinding processing, metallization and welding tubulation.
The process flow of the embodiment is as follows: the main material and the small material are mixed, ball milled, wax pulped, hot die-cast, soaked and precipitated, high-temperature sintered, fine grinding processing, metallization and welding tubulation. Directly feeding the leached wax blank into a high-temperature kiln to be sintered into porcelain at a high temperature. The invention takes the advantages of hot-press casting and forming: the special-shaped piece ceramic product with a complex structure can be formed; avoid subtracting the manufacturing cost of the primary de-waxing and baking process, and greatly improve the efficiency.
In this embodiment, the ceramic powder in step S1 contains 90 to 99% by mass of alumina.
In this embodiment, the amount of the composite binder added in step S2 is 7.5 to 11.5%. Compared with the traditional process, the quality of paraffin wax is reduced compared with the adding amount of the composite binder in the embodiment, and the mechanical (bending resistance and tensile strength) and electrical (porosity and tightness) properties of the ceramic product are greatly improved.
In the embodiment, the composite binder comprises 39-65% of paraffin wax, 4-8% of stearic acid, 4-8% of dibutyl phthalate and 20-45% of polyethylene according to mass ratio. In the embodiment, paraffin wax of # 56 to # 75 is selected, and paraffin wax and stearic acid are used as main and auxiliary binders and play a main solvent role in the formula; dibutyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer, so that the plasticity of the slurry is improved; polyethylene is used as a regulator to regulate the fluidity of the slurry.
In the embodiment, the composite binder comprises 39-65% of paraffin wax, 4-8% of stearic acid, 4-8% of 2-ethylhexyl butyl ester and 20-45% of polypropylene according to mass ratio. In the embodiment, paraffin wax of # 56 to # 75 is selected, and paraffin wax and stearic acid are used as main and auxiliary binders and play a main solvent role in the formula; 2-ethyl butyl ester is taken as a plasticizer, so that the plasticity of the slurry is improved; the polypropylene is used as a regulator to regulate the fluidity of the slurry.
In this example, the composite binder comprises 61% paraffin wax, 4.5% stearic acid, 5% dibutyl phthalate and 29.5% polyethylene by mass. The composite binder with the composition of the mass ratio greatly improves the mechanical (folding resistance and tensile strength) and electrical (porosity and air tightness) properties of the ceramic product. The dibutyl phthalate in this example may be replaced with 2-ethylhexyl butyl and the polyethylene with polypropylene, but the proportions added are different using the same class of different materials.
In this embodiment, the precipitating agent in step S4 includes 50 to 85 parts by mass of deionized water, 50 to 15 parts by mass of absolute alcohol, 0 to 5 parts by mass of kerosene and 0 to 5 parts by mass of dimethylformamide. The shorter the time required for leaching with increasing alcohol and kerosene addition ratio.
In this embodiment, the soaking time in step S4 is 1-3 hours. The traditional processing technology does not have the step, and adopts a full kiln to remove (dewater) wax to discharge the wax, and adopts a soaking mode to reduce the manufacturing cost of one-time dewaxing and biscuit firing process, thereby greatly improving the efficiency.
In this embodiment, the temperature in step S5 is 1200 to 1700 ℃.
The (FMN-04) composite binder of the invention has been adjusted to the optimum mass ratio by practical application: paraffin 61%, stearic acid 4.5%, dibutyl phthalate 5% and polyethylene 29.5%. But the melting points of the added paraffin marks are different, the proportions are also different, and the adding amount is slightly smaller as the marks are larger; the adding amount of polypropylene is slightly larger than the adding proportion of paraffin; the other esters of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are specifically tailored.
In addition, through actual specific application, a conclusion is drawn that: the leaching time is shortened with the increase of the proportion of alcohol and kerosene; however, when the wax blank has a large wall thickness, a certain proportion of kerosene needs to be added; if polypropylene is used, a certain proportion of dimethylformamide is required.
The specific adding (percentage of total mixed powder) ratio of the composite adhesive is compared with the traditional process, and the specific examples are as follows:
example 1. Preparation of (high alumina ceramic) ceramic standards 300 pieces each for tensile strength and flexural strength, and 300 pieces each for porosity and gas tightness, according to the national standard by conventional hot-press molding method. For subsequent testing and comparison.
Example 2. A mixed powder of high alumina ceramic was prepared in the same formulation using conventional process (same as in example 1):
50 kg of mixed powder is weighed, and then 5.75 kg of FMN-04 adhesive (the lowest proportion of paraffin added in the traditional process) is prepared by weighing 11.5% of the weight of the powder. Adding the mixture into a slurry machine, keeping the temperature at 80 & lt+ & gt-5 ℃ to be completely melted, adding the powder while stirring, uniformly stirring for 4 hours, discharging slurry, and cooling to form a slurry plate.
And preparing 300 tensile and flexural strength standard parts and 300 sample parts for measuring porosity and tightness according to a hot-press casting forming process.
Preparing a precipitation agent and weighing: 14L of deionized water; alcohol 5L; kerosene 0.8L; 0.1L of dimethylformamide is uniformly mixed for standby.
Immersing the blank in the precipitating agent for more than 2 hours, taking out, drying, and sintering at high temperature in a high-temperature kiln to obtain the porcelain. Comparison is to be tested.
Example 3. As in example 2, 50 kg of powder is weighed, 9.5% of FMN-04 binder is weighed, and the powder is melted and added to be stirred for 4 hours to prepare a pulp board; 300 test pieces each were also prepared according to the above procedure.
Example 4. As in example 2, 50 kg of powder was weighed, 7.5% of FMN-4 binder was slurried and formed to separate out high temperature sintered porcelain, and various test pieces were obtained for measurement.
The test results were as follows:
the following result data are displayed: the smaller the addition ratio of the binder is, the more various performance indexes are improved, and the data obtained by the method are much higher than those obtained by the traditional process sample.
However, the less the binder is added, the stirring force during the slurry mixing is increased; at the same time, the pressure during molding is increased, which also accords with the theoretical analysis result.
And the production process is convenient for large-scale production, has low cost and high efficiency, and greatly improves the economic benefit.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Modifications and variations which would be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the ceramic shell of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: ball milling ceramic powder, discharging and sieving;
s2: adding the ceramic powder in the step S1 into a composite binder, heating, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
s3: performing hot-pressing casting on the mixed slurry in the step S2;
s4: adding a separating agent into the blank formed in the step S3 by die casting, soaking to separate out a binder, and drying;
s5: sintering the blank after being soaked by the precipitating agent at high temperature;
s6: performing fine grinding processing on the semi-finished product sintered at high temperature in the step S5;
s7: carrying out deep processing metallization treatment on the semi-finished product piece subjected to fine grinding in the step S6;
s8: welding the finished product piece after the metallization treatment to a tubing;
the ceramic powder in the step S1 contains 90-99% of alumina by mass, the composite binder in the step S2 contains 7.5-11.5% of paraffin wax, 4-8% of stearic acid, 4-8% of dibutyl phthalate and 20-45% of polyethylene by mass, the precipitating agent in the step S4 contains 50-85 parts of deionized water by mass, 50-15 parts of absolute alcohol, 5 parts of kerosene and 5 parts of dimethylformamide by mass, and the temperature in the step S5 is 1200-1700 ℃.
2. The method for manufacturing the ceramic shell of the vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, wherein: the composite binder comprises 61% of paraffin wax, 4.5% of stearic acid, 5% of dibutyl phthalate and 29.5% of polyethylene in mass ratio.
3. The method for manufacturing the ceramic shell of the vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, wherein: the soaking time in the step S4 is 1-3 hours.
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| CN114543536B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2024-04-19 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Sintering device and sintering method for sintering ceramic relay shell |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298787A (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-13 | 佛山市康荣精细陶瓷有限公司 | Chemical extraction method for dewaxing injection-shaped ceramics |
| CN104058733A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Vacuum-sealed high-capacity direct-current relay ceramic shell and manufacturing method thereof |
| EP3152021A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-04-12 | Imerys Ceramics France | Ceramic compositions |
| CN109279877A (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-01-29 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Vacuum sealing DC relay ceramic shell hot die-casting molding new process |
| CN110491720A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-11-22 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | A kind of vacuum interrupter and its preparation method and application |
| CN111916303A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-10 | 浙江瑞光真空电气有限公司 | Vacuum switch tube for circuit breaker and manufacturing method of shell of vacuum switch tube |
-
2020
- 2020-11-24 CN CN202011331664.8A patent/CN114538936B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298787A (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-13 | 佛山市康荣精细陶瓷有限公司 | Chemical extraction method for dewaxing injection-shaped ceramics |
| EP3152021A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-04-12 | Imerys Ceramics France | Ceramic compositions |
| CN104058733A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Vacuum-sealed high-capacity direct-current relay ceramic shell and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109279877A (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-01-29 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Vacuum sealing DC relay ceramic shell hot die-casting molding new process |
| CN110491720A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-11-22 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | A kind of vacuum interrupter and its preparation method and application |
| CN111916303A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-10 | 浙江瑞光真空电气有限公司 | Vacuum switch tube for circuit breaker and manufacturing method of shell of vacuum switch tube |
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