CN114538824A - Preparation method of aerogel heat insulation felt and aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable - Google Patents
Preparation method of aerogel heat insulation felt and aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN114538824A CN114538824A CN202210228936.4A CN202210228936A CN114538824A CN 114538824 A CN114538824 A CN 114538824A CN 202210228936 A CN202210228936 A CN 202210228936A CN 114538824 A CN114538824 A CN 114538824A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/127—Urea formaldehyde condensation polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
Abstract
The application relates to a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt and an aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable. The application firstly discloses a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt, which comprises the following process steps: s1, preparing aerogel slurry, wherein the aerogel slurry mainly comprises aerogel particles and an adhesive; s2, dipping, namely putting the glass fiber mat into the aerogel slurry prepared in the step S1, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dipped mat body; s3, drying, namely drying the impregnated felt obtained in the step S2 to obtain a gelled felt; and S4, spraying a protective layer, namely, spraying protective glue solution on two sides of the gelled felt obtained in the step S3, and drying to obtain the aerogel heat insulation felt. The application further discloses an aerogel flame-retardant heat-insulation cable which comprises the aerogel heat-insulation felt prepared by the preparation method. The aerogel heat insulation felt has the effects of good heat insulation effect, difficulty in powder falling, low cost and easiness in amplification production.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of special cables, in particular to a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt and an aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable.
Background
The electric wire and the cable are widely applied and are inseparable from the work and life of people, but the external insulating materials, the sheath materials and the like of the conventional electric wire and the cable are all inflammable high polymer materials. When a fire occurs for various reasons, the flammable polymer material not only further becomes a burning point, but also releases a large amount of toxic and harmful gases.
Based on the above problems, many cable manufacturers have proposed flame-retardant cables, where the flame-retardant cables refer to that under a specified test condition, after a fire source is removed from a tested cable, the spreading condition of flame is within a limited range, and the extinguishing time of residual flame is within a limited time. Therefore, even if the electric wire or cable is in fire, the burning area can be controlled, and the possibility of fire spreading is greatly reduced.
The silica aerogel is extremely low in heat conductivity and melting point temperature, is heat-insulating and insulating, is a good material for improving the heat-insulating and flame-retardant performance of the cable, and is very suitable for serving as a heat-insulating and flame-retardant functional layer of the flame-retardant cable. However, the structural characteristics of the silica aerogel also determine that the acting force between secondary particles is weak, so that the silica aerogel has low strength and poor toughness, and in addition, the silica aerogel is high in price, and the popularization and the use of the silica aerogel are also limited to a great extent.
In order to reduce the cost and improve the mechanical properties of the aerogel, the current common practice is to compound the aerogel and glass fiber into a felt-like product, which not only retains the characteristics of low thermal conductivity coefficient of the aerogel, but also has the characteristics of strong toughness, high tensile strength and the like, which is also an important reason why the current aerogel felt-like product is the most successful aerogel product commercialized at present.
However, when the aerogel felt is introduced into cable production, the aerogel felt needs to be wrapped on the cable core, and a flame-retardant functional layer needs to be further arranged on the outer side of the aerogel felt, so that the powder falling phenomenon of the aerogel felt in the production process is serious due to multiple production procedures. After the aerogel felt is pulverized, the production environment and the heat insulation performance of the cable are influenced, and the connection strength between the aerogel felt and each functional layer of the cable is also influenced. Therefore, how to reduce the dusting phenomenon of the aerogel felt is one of the current research hotspots.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the defect that the powder falling phenomenon easily appears in the cable production process in the aerogel felt at present, the application provides a preparation method of aerogel heat insulation felt and an aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable.
The application provides a preparation method of aerogel heat insulation felt and aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable adopts following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the application provides a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt comprises the following process steps:
s1, preparing aerogel slurry, wherein the aerogel slurry mainly comprises aerogel particles and a bonding agent;
s2, dipping, namely putting the glass fiber mat into the aerogel slurry prepared in the step S1, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dipped mat body;
s3, drying, namely drying the impregnated felt obtained in the step S2 to obtain a gelled felt;
and S4, spraying a protective layer, namely, taking the gelled felt obtained in the step S3, spraying protective glue solution on two sides of the gelled felt, and drying to obtain the aerogel heat insulation felt.
By adopting the technical scheme, the most common preparation method of the aerogel heat insulation felt at present is to prepare silica sol, then put the glass fiber felt into the prepared silica sol, then adjust the pH value of the system to carry out gelation treatment, so that wet gel is deposited on the glass fiber felt, and then carry out aging, solvent exchange, drying (even supercritical treatment) and other steps to obtain the aerogel heat insulation felt.
Although the aerogel heat insulation felt with a good heat insulation effect can be obtained by the method, the process is complex and not easy to amplify for production, the aerogel on the aerogel heat insulation felt is easy to drop under external force (the adhesive force between the aerogel and the glass fiber felt is strong, but the interaction force between the aerogel and the aerogel is very small and is very easy to damage), the price of the aerogel is high, and the aerogel dropping in a large amount not only reduces the heat insulation performance of the aerogel heat insulation felt, but also causes great waste.
This application improves through the preparation technology to the thermal-insulated felt of aerogel to aerogel granule cooperation glass fiber felt is as the main heat insulation component, through the adhesive with on the aerogel granule adhesion glass fiber felt to further coat the one deck protection glue solution on the glass fiber felt, can obtain thermal-insulated effectual, be difficult for falling whitewashed and with low costs, easily enlarge the thermal-insulated felt of aerogel of production.
Optionally, the protective glue solution mainly comprises an aqueous glue and water, and the aqueous glue is at least one of an aqueous acrylic glue, an aqueous polyurethane glue, an aqueous acrylate glue or an aqueous epoxy resin glue.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with solvent-based glue, the water-based glue is used as a main component for protecting glue liquid, so that the emission of VOCs in the production process can be greatly reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
Optionally, the aerogel slurry comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the use amount of adhesive need strict control, this is because, the thermal-insulated effect of adhesive is relatively poor compared in aerogel granule and glass fiber mat, the adhesive only need with aerogel granule and glass fiber mat's contact point bonding can (as long as can cover aerogel granule surface and play the bonding effect, the quantity of adhesive is less better). Excessive adhesive easily causes the heat insulation performance of the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation felt to be reduced, and too little adhesive easily causes the content of aerogel particles on the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation felt to be too small and to easily fall off.
The using amount of the thickening agent in the aerogel slurry also needs to be strictly controlled, if the viscosity of the aerogel slurry is too low, the aerogel slurry is not easy to be pasted, and each component is easy to enter pores of the aerogel to damage the pore structure of the aerogel, so that the heat insulation performance of the aerogel is reduced; if the viscosity of the aerogel slurry is too large, the aerogel slurry is not easy to enter the glass fiber felt, the content of the prepared heat insulation felt aerogel is too low, and the heat insulation performance is poor.
Optionally, in the aerogel slurry, the mass ratio of the aerogel particles to the adhesive is 2: (1-1.1).
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mass ratio of aerogel granule and adhesive is 2 in aerogel thick liquids: (1-1.1), the aerogel heat insulation felt finally prepared has better balance between heat insulation and powder dropping rate. The reason for this is probably that the dried adhesive can cover the surfaces of aerogel particles in a thinner and more uniform manner, so that the aerogel particles are better bonded with the glass fiber mat, and the powder falling rate is reduced; on the basis of ensuring the bonding performance, the using amount of the adhesive is reduced as much as possible, and the heat-insulating performance of the aerogel heat-insulating felt is favorably improved.
Optionally, the aerogel particles are subjected to hydrophobic treatment before use, and the method comprises the following process steps:
a1, modification, namely putting the aerogel particles into a hydrophobic treatment liquid for hydrophobic treatment, wherein the volume ratio of the aerogel particles to the hydrophobic treatment liquid is 1: (1.5-2), filtering to obtain a wet product;
and A2, drying, and drying the wet product obtained in the step A1 to finish the hydrophobic treatment of the aerogel particles.
By adopting the technical scheme, a large amount of silicon hydroxyl groups are introduced into the silicon dioxide aerogel in the production process (such as silicon source hydrolysis) and can not be completely crosslinked, and the residual silicon hydroxyl groups enable the silicon dioxide aerogel to have certain hydrophilicity. Because hydrophilic silica aerogel easily absorbs moisture from the environment, destroys silica aerogel's pore structure, and hydrophobic processing can greatly reduced aerogel surface's hydroxyl content to reduce the aerogel and absorb water the back possibility that thermal insulation performance descends. If the silica aerogel is subjected to hydrophobic treatment, the hydrophobic silica aerogel can be obtained, but the price of the hydrophobic silica aerogel is higher than that of the hydrophilic silica aerogel, and in consideration of cost, the hydrophilic silica aerogel is purchased, and the hydrophilic silica aerogel is subjected to simple hydrophobic treatment to achieve balance between performance and cost.
The inventor also finds that the hydrophobic treatment of the aerogel particles can not only significantly reduce the water absorption of the aerogel particles, but also improve the heat insulation performance of the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation pad. This is probably because, after the hydrophilic aerogel particles are configured into an aerogel slurry, the surface of the aerogel is liable to absorb water-based glue, solvent and the like, and it is difficult to avoid the damage of these components and the like to the pore structure thereof. After the aerogel particles are subjected to hydrophobic treatment, the surface hydrophobic aerogel particles are configured into aerogel slurry of a water-based system, the damage to the pore structures of the aerogel particles is greatly reduced, the heat insulation effect of the aerogel particles is better, and even if the same aerogel slurry formula is adopted, the better heat insulation effect can be obtained.
Optionally, the hydrophobic treatment liquid is prepared from a hydrophobic agent and ethanol according to a mass ratio of (15-25): (75-85) compounding; the hydrophobic agent is at least one of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane and fluorosilane.
By adopting the technical scheme, trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane and fluorosilane are common aerogel hydrophobic treatment agents, and hydroxyl on the surface of aerogel can be well substituted into hydrophobic groups.
Optionally, 801 glue is selected as the adhesive.
By adopting the technical scheme, 801 glue is an improved product of 107 glue, and the main component of the 801 glue is polyvinyl formal after urea amination, and the 801 glue is an adhesive formed by solution or emulsion taking water as a medium. The polyvinyl formal glue has low price and convenient use, and more importantly, the polyvinyl formal glue has the effect of non-ignition, so the polyvinyl formal glue is very suitable for flame-retardant heat-insulation products. Although polyvinyl formal has a high formaldehyde content (even if 801 glue is subjected to process improvement and then free formaldehyde is treated by urea, the formaldehyde content is still high), the polyvinyl formal is not suitable for being directly used as an adhesive for indoor decoration, in specific application fields such as cables and the like, a functional layer is often arranged outside the aerogel heat insulation felt and can isolate formaldehyde, and residual free formaldehyde is hardly released into the environment even if the residual free formaldehyde is still left, so that the environment is hardly influenced.
Optionally, the thickener is at least one of polyacrylamide, chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; and/or the surfactant is at least one of tween-80, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfonate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, no matter whether the aerogel granule passes through hydrophobic treatment, add the dispersion effect that surfactant agent homoenergetic can improve the aerogel granule, and add surfactant agent and can improve the infiltration effect of aerogel thick liquids at the glass fiber felt, improve the content of aerogel granule in the aerogel heat insulation felt that finally makes.
Furthermore, the inventors have unexpectedly found, in a control experiment, that the drop rate of the aerogel particles is particularly low when the thickener is polyacrylamide and the hydrophobic agent is trimethylchlorosilane (neither the thickener nor the hydrophobic agent is polyacrylamide alone nor trimethylchlorosilane alone), indicating that there is a synergistic effect of the thickener polyacrylamide and the hydrophobic agent trimethylchlorosilane on reducing the drop rate of the aerogel particles. The reason is probably that trimethylchlorosilane is easy to release free hydrochloric acid, and polyacrylamide and polyvinyl formal (801 glue) can react under the catalysis of hydrochloric acid, namely that the 801 glue can be modified by a thickening agent polyacrylamide, so that the performance of the 801 glue is improved, and the falling rate of aerogel particles is reduced.
The inventors have also found that the drop rate of the aerogel particles is significantly reduced compared to when sodium carboxymethylcellulose is used as the thickening agent and chitosan is used as the thickening agent, and is clearly outside the range resulting from the difference in thickening effect between the two thickening agents. This is probably because 801 glue containing more formaldehyde but having better fire resistance is specifically selected, and the formaldehyde in the 801 glue can promote and participate in the cross-linking of chitosan after being released, so that the dropping rate of aerogel particles is reduced.
Optionally, the protective glue solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
40-50% of water-based adhesive;
1-1.5% of viscosity regulator;
the balance of water;
the viscosity regulator is at least one of polyacrylamide, chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
By adopting the technical scheme, the addition amount of the viscosity regulator needs to be strictly controlled, because if the viscosity of the protective glue solution is too low, the protective glue solution is not easy to carry out size hanging; if the viscosity of the protective glue solution is too high, the spraying operation is not facilitated.
The inventor finds that the anti-dropping effect of the aerogel particles is different from that of the aerogel particles when polyacrylamide is used as a thickening agent, the dropping rate of the aerogel particles is the lowest when chitosan is used as a viscosity regulator, and the time when polyacrylamide is used as the viscosity regulator is the next time. This is probably because the hydrophobized aerogel particles in the aerogel slurry are in large contact with the thickener, and the promotion effect of the free hydrochloric acid generated by the trimethylchlorosilane as the hydrophobizing agent on the reaction of 801 glue and polyacrylamide is more obvious. In the protective glue solution, the contact area between the aerogel particles and the viscosity regulator is smaller, so that the promotion effect of free hydrochloric acid released by the hydrophobic agent on the reaction of 801 glue and polyacrylamide is not obvious, but free formaldehyde released by the 801 glue is enriched to the vicinity of the protective glue solution, and at the moment, the promotion crosslinking effect of formaldehyde on chitosan is more obvious. Thus, in the aerogel slurry, polyacrylamide has a greater influence on the dropping rate of the aerogel particles, while in the protective glue solution, chitosan has a greater influence on the dropping rate of the aerogel particles.
Optionally, the viscosity regulator is prepared from polyacrylamide and chitosan according to a mass ratio of (2-3): (7-8).
By adopting the technical scheme, the inventor finds that the compounding of the polyacrylamide and the chitosan has a synergistic effect, and the dropping rate of aerogel particles can be further reduced. Probably, the chitosan is crosslinked under the action of formaldehyde released by 801 glue, so that the performance of protecting the glue solution is improved; the polyacrylamide reacts with 801 glue under the catalysis of hydrochloric acid released by the hydrophobic agent trimethylchlorosilane, so that a protective layer formed by the protective glue is connected with the 801 glue into a whole.
The second aspect, the application provides a fire-retardant thermal-insulated cable of aerogel adopts following technical scheme:
an aerogel flame-retardant heat-insulation cable comprises the aerogel heat-insulation felt prepared by the preparation method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the aerogel heat insulation felt prepared by the preparation method is not easy to fall off in the processes of transportation and cable production, the heat insulation performance retention rate of the aerogel heat insulation felt is high, and the similar or even better heat insulation effect can be achieved with lower cost.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. by improving the preparation process of the aerogel heat insulation felt, the powder falling phenomenon of the aerogel heat insulation felt can be greatly reduced, so that the aerogel heat insulation felt with approximate or even better heat insulation effect can be obtained at lower cost;
2. by strictly limiting the composition and the proportion of the aerogel slurry, better balance can be obtained between the heat insulation rate and the powder falling rate, so that the aerogel heat insulation felt with better heat insulation effect can be obtained at lower production cost;
3. by carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the aerogel particles, the water absorption of the aerogel particles can be reduced, so that the performance stability of the aerogel particles is improved, and the heat insulation effect of the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation felt can be improved;
4. the inventors found that the falling rate of aerogel particles is particularly low when a specific adhesive, a specific hydrophobic treatment agent and a specific thickener are selected, which indicates that the falling rate of aerogel particles can be synergistically reduced by the three components;
5. the falling rate of aerogel particles can be further reduced by limiting the composition and the proportion of the protective glue solution, particularly the type and the dosage of the thickening agent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an aerogel flame retardant insulated cable according to various embodiments of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a cable core; 11. a metal conductor; 12. an insulating layer; 13. mica tapes; 14. a copper shield layer; 2. a thermal insulation layer; 3. a flame retardant layer; 4. a sheath.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to FIG. 1, examples and comparative examples.
The embodiment of the application discloses a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt and an aerogel flame-retardant heat insulation cable.
Example 1
The embodiment firstly discloses a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt, which comprises the following process steps:
s1, preparing aerogel slurry, dissolving 50g of surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 685g of water, stirring at a speed of 300r/min for 5min, then adding 200g of aerogel particles (purchased from Gallery Toogo nano-material Co., Ltd., normal-temperature thermal conductivity coefficient of about 0.0200W/mk, hydrophilicity specification), keeping stirring at a stirring speed of 500r/min during the adding process, stirring at a speed of 800r/min for 30min after the adding is finished, then sequentially adding an adhesive (801 glue, purchased from Huai-market Tianding waterproof coating Co., Ltd.) and a thickening agent (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, commercially available) and stirring at a speed of 300r/min for 30min to obtain the aerogel slurry.
And S2, dipping, namely putting a glass fiber felt (purchased from Shaanxi Huate glass fiber materials group Co., Ltd., industrial use) into the aerogel slurry obtained in the step S1, dipping for 15min, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min at a power of 100W, taking out, standing for about 30min at normal temperature until no aerogel slurry drips, and obtaining a dipped felt body.
S3, drying, namely putting the impregnated felt obtained in the step S2 into an oven, drying for 36 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, taking out and standing to room temperature to obtain the gelled felt.
S4, spraying a protective layer, namely, taking the gelled felt obtained in the step S3, spraying protective glue solutions on two sides of the gelled felt, wherein the protective glue solutions are prepared from aqueous polyurethane glue, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and water according to a mass ratio of 40: 1.5: 58.5 are compounded, and the spraying amount of the protective glue solution is 80g/m2The aqueous polyurethane glue is aqueous polyurethane emulsion of Dow SYNTEGRA YS-3000 type. And after the spraying is finished, drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the aerogel heat insulation felt.
The application further discloses fire-retardant thermal-insulated cable of aerogel, refers to figure 1, and the fire-retardant thermal-insulated cable of aerogel includes cable core 1 and from inside to outside cladding in proper order in insulating layer 2, fire-retardant layer 3 and the sheath 4 of cable core 1.
The cable core 1 comprises a metal conductor 11 formed by mixing a plurality of strands of copper wires, an insulating layer 12 coated outside the metal conductor 11, a mica tape 13 coated outside the insulating layer 12, and a copper shielding layer 14 coated outside the mica tape 13. Examples 2 to 5
Examples 2-5 differ from example 1 in the composition of the components in the aerogel slurry and are set forth in the following table:
example 6
Example 6 differs from example 5 in that an equal mass of chitosan was used as the thickener instead of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 7
Example 7 differs from example 5 in that an equal mass of polyacrylamide is used as the thickener instead of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 8
Example 8 differs from example 5 in that the aerogel particles are hydrophobicized before use, specifically comprising the following process steps:
a1, modification, namely adding aerogel particles into the hydrophobic treatment liquid, keeping stirring in the adding process, wherein the stirring speed is 300r/min, and the volume ratio of the aerogel particles to the hydrophobic treatment liquid is 1: 2. covering a layer of filter screen after the addition is finished, pressing the aerogel particles into the hydrophobic treatment liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min at the power of 100W after soaking for 30min, continuing to soak for 24h after the ultrasonic treatment, and then filtering the aerogel particles out to obtain a wet product.
And A2, drying, namely putting the wet product obtained in the step A1 into an oven, drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, taking out and cooling to room temperature to finish the hydrophobic treatment of the aerogel particles.
Wherein the hydrophobic treatment solution in the step A1 is a 20 wt% trimethylchlorosilane ethanol solution.
Example 9
Example 9 is different from example 6 in that the aerogel particles are subjected to hydrophobic treatment before use, and the hydrophobic treatment process is the same as that of example 8 and is not described again.
Example 10
Example 10 differs from example 7 in that the aerogel particles were subjected to a hydrophobic treatment before use, and the hydrophobic treatment process is the same as in example 8 and will not be described again.
Example 11
Example 11 differs from example 10 in that an equal mass of hexamethyldisilazane is used as the hydrophobing agent instead of trimethylchlorosilane.
Examples 12 to 13
Examples 12-13 differ from example 10 in the mass ratios of the components in the protective dope and are reported below:
example 14
Example 14 differs from example 13 in that equal mass of polyacrylamide is substituted for sodium carboxymethylcellulose as the viscosity modifier.
Example 15
Example 15 differs from example 13 in that the sodium carboxymethylcellulose was replaced by an equal mass of chitosan as the viscosity modifier.
Example 16
Example 16 differs from example 13 in that the viscosity modifier is polyacrylamide and chitosan in a mass ratio of 2: 8 in the presence of a carrier.
Example 17
Example 17 differs from example 13 in that the viscosity modifier is polyacrylamide and chitosan in a mass ratio of 3: 7.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The application discloses a preparation method of an aerogel heat insulation felt, which specifically comprises the following process steps:
firstly, preparing sol, namely mixing water glass and water according to a molar ratio of 1: 40 and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
And secondly, sol-gel, namely adding hydrochloric acid into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value of the mixed solution until the pH value of the mixed solution reaches 5, quickly adding the glass fiber mat, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min at the power of 100W, and soaking for 15min after the ultrasonic treatment is finished to deposit wet gel on the glass fiber mat to obtain the gel fiber mat.
And thirdly, solvent exchange, namely putting the gel fiber felt into a water bath at 45 ℃, exchanging twice with ethanol, and then exchanging twice with normal hexane to obtain an exchange fiber felt.
And fourthly, performing hydrophobic modification, namely performing modification by using 20 wt% of trimethylchlorosilane ethanol solution for 24 hours to obtain the hydrophobic fiber felt.
And fifthly, drying, namely washing the hydrophobic fiber felt with water for 2 times, and drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the aerogel heat insulation felt.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is a blank control, i.e., no treatment was applied to the glass fiber mat.
Performance detection and detection data
Testing method firstly, initial heat insulation performance of aerogel heat insulation felt
The aerogel heat insulation blankets prepared in the examples and comparative examples were cut into 4cm × 4cm samples, and the heat conductivity of the samples was measured by using a sienna charxi electronic technology thermal conductivity meter (TC3000E) at a test current of 0.08A, which was the initial heat conductivity W1. The smaller the initial thermal conductivity coefficient, the better the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket prepared.
Testing method II, powder dropping rate of aerogel heat insulation felt
Because the density of aerogel is extremely low, and the aerogel granule content of each sample is different, it is comparatively difficult to directly test the dusting rate of aerogel heat insulation felt, therefore the inventor has designed following test scheme:
the sample after the initial heat insulation performance test in the test method I is used as the sample in the test method II. The sample is transversely folded 20 times (each time is 10 times in the front and back direction), vertically folded 20 times (each time is 10 times in the front and back direction), the two creases are vertically crossed, and the intersection point is the central point of the sample, namely the two creases divide the sample into four squares of 2cm multiplied by 2 cm. After folding the completion, put the sample and sieve in the ultrasonic vibration sieve for 30min, sieve the aerogel granule that will drop, the thermal-insulated felt of simulation aerogel is in the transportation, is unreeled, is convoluteed to the operation such as cable. After the screening is finished, the thermal conductivity of the sample is measured again by the method in the test method I, and the final thermal conductivity W2 is obtained. And calculating the growth rate of the heat conductivity coefficient, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: the growth rate was (W2-W1)/W1 × 100%.
The larger the increase rate of the thermal conductivity coefficient is, the more the aerogel particles of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket are damaged/dropped, and the higher the dusting rate of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket is.
The test results are reported in the following table:
conclusion
By comparing the schemes and data of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket, whether the aerogel is directly deposited on the glass fiber blanket by the current common sol-gel method to prepare the aerogel thermal insulation blanket or the aerogel thermal insulation blanket prepared by the method in the application, is obviously improved compared with the untreated glass fiber blanket. Further, compared with the currently common method of directly depositing aerogel on a glass fiber mat by a sol-gel method, the aerogel heat insulation mat prepared by the method disclosed by the application has the advantages that although the initial heat insulation performance is reduced, the powder dropping rate of the aerogel heat insulation mat prepared by the method disclosed by the application is obviously lower, and therefore, the final heat conductivity coefficient difference is not particularly large. The technical scheme of the application is simple in process and easy to enlarge production; and the adhesive and the like are used for replacing part of aerogel particles, so that the cost is lower.
By comparing the schemes and data of examples 1-5, it can be seen that although the mass ratio of aerogel particles to binder in example 1 is 2: 1, but the proportion of aerogel particles in the aerogel slurry is too low, and the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation felt has relatively common heat insulation performance. While the excessive amount of the adhesive in the embodiment 2 can obviously reduce the dusting rate, the heat insulation performance of the aerogel heat insulation felt is also obviously reduced. The thermal insulation performance of the aerogel thermal insulation felt can be improved to a certain extent along with the improvement of the proportion of the aerogel particles in the aerogel slurry in the embodiment 3. The aerogel slurry of example 4 had too little binder and more aerogel particles, and thus the aerogel insulation blanket had better initial insulation properties, but had a higher dusting rate. In example 5, the aerogel heat insulation felt with good initial heat insulation performance and low dusting rate can be obtained by using a lower proportion of aerogel particles and a more reasonable proportion (the proportion of the aerogel particles to the adhesive is about 2: 1.1).
By comparing the protocols and data of examples 5-7, it can be readily seen that the three thickeners have little effect on the initial insulating properties of the aerogel insulation blanket without subjecting the aerogel particles to a hydrophobic treatment. For the powder dropping rate of the aerogel heat insulation felt, the performances of the three thickening agents are sequenced, namely, chitosan is greater than polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is greater than polyacrylamide. The reason for this is probably that the free formaldehyde remaining in 801 glue can promote chitosan crosslinking, improve the performance of the aerogel slurry after curing, and thus reduce the dusting rate of the aerogel heat insulation felt.
By comparing the schemes and data of the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 8, it can be easily seen that the initial heat insulation performance of the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation felt can be remarkably improved by performing simple hydrophobic treatment on aerogel particles on the basis that the thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the influence on the powder dropping rate of the aerogel heat insulation felt is small.
By comparing the schemes and data of the embodiment 6 and the embodiment 9, it can be seen that the initial heat-insulating property of the finally prepared aerogel heat-insulating felt can be remarkably improved by performing simple hydrophobic treatment on aerogel particles on the basis that the thickening agent is chitosan, and the influence on the powder dropping rate of the aerogel heat-insulating felt is small.
By comparing the schemes and data of the embodiment 7 and the embodiment 10, it can be seen that, on the basis that the thickening agent is polyacrylamide, simple hydrophobic treatment is carried out on the aerogel particles, so that the initial heat insulation performance of the finally prepared aerogel heat insulation felt can be obviously improved, and the powder dropping rate of the aerogel heat insulation felt can be obviously reduced. The reason is probably that hydrochloric acid released by the hydrophobic agent trimethylchlorosilane can catalyze the thickening agent polyacrylamide and 801 glue to react, so that the performance of the aerogel slurry after curing is improved, and the powder falling rate of the aerogel heat insulation felt is reduced.
That is, in summary of comparative examples 8 to 10, on the basis of the hydrophobic treatment of the aerogel particles, the three thickeners did not greatly affect the initial thermal insulation effect of the aerogel thermal insulation mat, but affected the rank of the dusting rate of the aerogel thermal insulation mat, and polyacrylamide > chitosan > sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
By comparing the schemes and data of example 10 and example 11, it can be seen that, if hexamethyldisilazane is used as the hydrophobic agent, the initial thermal insulation performance of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket can be improved only even if the aerogel particles are subjected to hydrophobic treatment, and the dusting rate of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket is not changed obviously. This indicates that the dusting rate of the aerogel insulation blanket can be reduced only when the hydrophobic agent is selected from specific trimethylchlorosilane.
By comparing the schemes and data of examples 13-15, it can be seen that, in the protective glue solution, the three viscosity modifiers have almost no influence on the initial heat-insulating property of the aerogel heat-insulating pad, but have the influence on the powder falling rate of the aerogel heat-insulating pad in the sequence, and chitosan > polyacrylamide > sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
By further comparing the schemes and data of examples 15-17, it can be seen that when polyacrylamide and chitosan are compounded as a viscosity modifier for protecting the glue solution, the powder falling rate of the prepared aerogel heat insulation pad is further reduced, which indicates that polyacrylamide and chitosan have the effect of synergistically reducing the powder falling rate of the aerogel heat insulation pad.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aerogel heat insulation felt is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following process steps:
s1, preparing aerogel slurry, wherein the aerogel slurry mainly comprises aerogel particles and a bonding agent;
s2, dipping, namely putting the glass fiber mat into the aerogel slurry prepared in the step S1, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dipped mat body;
s3, drying, namely drying the impregnated felt obtained in the step S2 to obtain a gelled felt;
and S4, spraying a protective layer, namely, taking the gelled felt obtained in the step S3, spraying protective glue solution on two sides of the gelled felt, and drying to obtain the aerogel heat insulation felt.
2. The method for preparing the aerogel thermal insulation blanket according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aerogel slurry comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
3. the preparation method of the aerogel thermal insulation blanket as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the aerogel slurry, the mass ratio of aerogel particles to an adhesive is 2: (1-1.1).
4. The method for preparing the aerogel thermal insulation blanket according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aerogel particles are subjected to hydrophobic treatment before use, and the method comprises the following process steps:
a1, modification, namely putting the aerogel particles into a hydrophobic treatment liquid for hydrophobic treatment, wherein the volume ratio of the aerogel particles to the hydrophobic treatment liquid is 1: (1.5-2), filtering to obtain a wet product;
and A2, drying, and drying the wet product obtained in the step A1 to finish the hydrophobic treatment of the aerogel particles.
5. The method for preparing the aerogel thermal insulation blanket according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydrophobic treatment liquid is prepared from a hydrophobic agent and ethanol according to a mass ratio (15-25): (75-85) compounding; the hydrophobic agent is at least one of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane and fluorosilane.
6. The method for preparing the aerogel thermal insulation blanket according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 801 glue is selected as the adhesive.
7. The method for preparing the aerogel thermal insulation blanket according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickening agent is at least one of polyacrylamide, chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; and/or the surfactant is at least one of tween-80, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfonate.
8. The preparation method of the aerogel heat insulation felt according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the protective glue solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
40-50% of water-based adhesive;
1-1.5% of viscosity regulator;
the balance of water;
9. the method for preparing an aerogel thermal insulation blanket according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the viscosity regulator is prepared from polyacrylamide and chitosan according to a mass ratio of (2-3): (7-8).
10. The utility model provides a fire-retardant thermal-insulated cable of aerogel which characterized in that: the aerogel thermal insulation blanket prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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