CN114538473A - Incineration fly ash treatment method and device - Google Patents
Incineration fly ash treatment method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114538473A CN114538473A CN202210094705.9A CN202210094705A CN114538473A CN 114538473 A CN114538473 A CN 114538473A CN 202210094705 A CN202210094705 A CN 202210094705A CN 114538473 A CN114538473 A CN 114538473A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
- B04B5/10—Centrifuges combined with other apparatus, e.g. electrostatic separators; Sets or systems of several centrifuges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/14—Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Abstract
The invention provides a method and equipment for treating incineration fly ash, which are applied to the field of fly ash treatment, and comprise the steps of conveying collected fly ash to a fly ash storage bin through pneumatic conveying equipment for temporary storage, conveying the fly ash to a double-shaft humidifying stirrer through a scraper conveyor and a pipe chain conveyor for pre-size mixing, then introducing into a water washing tank for stirring and size mixing, and then carrying out primary water washing; then, carrying out primary centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry; performing secondary washing on the primary washing filter cake; then filtering to generate a secondary filtrate and a secondary washing filter cake, and carrying out tertiary washing on the secondary washing filter cake; the third-level washing slurry is rinsed and squeezed to obtain dechlorinated filter cakes and third-level filtrate, so that the domestic garbage incineration, the dangerous waste plasma and the toxic and harmful fly ash generated by the high-temperature melting of the dangerous waste can be treated in a technological mode, a large amount of land is not occupied for landfill, and the risk of secondary pollution can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the field of fly ash treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method and equipment for incineration fly ash.
Background
The incineration fly ash is mainly the material collected by a heat recycling system and a flue gas purification system in the treatment processes of domestic garbage incineration, hazardous waste plasma, hazardous waste high-temperature melting and the like, the yield of the fly ash is related to the types, reaction conditions, furnace types and flue gas treatment processes of the garbage and the hazardous waste, generally accounts for about 3-5% of the treatment amount of the garbage or the hazardous waste, the fly ash contains toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metal, dioxin and the like and is defined as the hazardous waste, analysis shows that the fly ash generated by the garbage incineration fly ash and the hazardous waste treatment is not chemical inert substances, wherein the fly ash contains a plurality of harmful heavy metal substances and salts such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr and the like with high content, and if the fly ash is not treated properly, the heavy metal can be migrated, and underground water, soil and air are polluted, the fly ash is treated mainly by a solidification landfill mode at present, the large amount of fly ash solidified landfill not only occupies a large amount of land, but also has the risk of secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a curing and burying mode is mainly adopted for treating fly ash, and a large amount of fly ash curing and burying not only occupies a large amount of land, but also has the risk of secondary pollution.
The invention provides a method and equipment for treating incineration fly ash, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1: conveying the collected fly ash to a fly ash storage bin for temporary storage through pneumatic conveying equipment;
s2: conveying fly ash in a fly ash bin to a double-shaft humidifying stirrer through a scraper conveyor and a pipe chain conveyor for pre-pulping to form slurry;
s3: introducing the slurry into a washing tank, stirring and mixing the slurry by using first-stage washing water, and then carrying out first-stage washing;
s4: performing primary centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry after the primary washing to generate a primary washing filter cake;
s5: carrying out secondary washing on the primary washing filter cake and the sludge by using secondary washing water;
s6: after the second-stage water washing is finished, filtering to generate a second-stage filtrate and a second-stage water washing filter cake, and guiding the second-stage filtrate to the S3 to be used as first-stage water washing water;
s7: carrying out third-stage water washing on the second-stage water washing filter cake by introducing water from the outside;
s8: rinsing and squeezing the third-stage washing slurry to obtain dechlorinated filter cake and third-stage filtrate, and guiding the third-stage filtrate into the S5 to be used as second-stage washing water
S7: carrying out tertiary washing on the secondary washing filter cake by introducing water and evaporating condensed water from the outside; wherein the evaporative condensed water is condensed water generated by evaporative crystallization;
s8: and rinsing and squeezing the third-stage washing slurry to obtain a dechlorinated filter cake and a third-stage filtrate, and returning the third-stage filtrate to S5 to be used as second-stage washing water.
Further: in the step S4 of performing first-stage centrifugal filtration on the first-stage washing slurry after the first-stage washing to generate a first-stage washing filter cake, the method further includes:
performing centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry through a primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtration A to obtain a primary washing filter cake A and a primary washing filtrate A;
introducing the first-stage washing filter cake A into a second-stage washing tank for second-stage washing;
and (3) introducing the first-stage washing filtrate A into a first-stage horizontal spiral shell centrifugal filtration B to perform first-stage horizontal spiral shell centrifugal filtration B so as to obtain a first-stage washing filter cake B and a first-stage washing filtrate B.
Further: leading in one-level spiral shell centrifugation B in carrying out one-level spiral shell centrifugation B with one-level washing filtrate A to one-level spiral shell centrifugation B to after the step of obtaining one-level washing filter cake B and one-level washing filtrate B, still include:
leading the first-stage washing filtrate B into a filtrate tank for storage; and (4) introducing the first-stage water washing filter cake B into a second-stage water washing tank for second-stage water washing.
Further: after the step of introducing the first-stage washing filtrate B into the filtrate tank for storage, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing the primary washing filtrate B in the filtrate tank into a comprehensive reaction precipitation neutralization system, and reacting with the primary washing filtrate B through impurity removal refining agents and hydrochloric acid to obtain sludge and salt solution;
guiding the sludge into a secondary rinsing bath for secondary rinsing together; the salt solution is introduced into an ultrafiltration system for filtration.
Further: after the step of filtering after the salt solution is introduced into the ultrafiltration system to obtain ultrafiltration product water and ultrafiltration concentrated water, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing ultrafiltration concentrated water into a filtrate tank to react with the primary washing filtrate B; and (4) guiding the ultrafiltration water production into a nanofiltration system for secondary filtration to obtain nanofiltration water production and nanofiltration concentrated water.
Further: after the step of introducing the ultrafiltration water product into the nanofiltration system for filtering again to remove sulfate ions so as to obtain nanofiltration water product and nanofiltration concentrated water, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing nanofiltration concentrated water into a filtrate tank to react with the primary washing filtrate B; and (4) introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system for evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water.
Further: after the step of introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system and then carrying out evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing the evaporation mother liquor into a flash evaporation cooling crystallization system for evaporation cooling again; and introducing the evaporated condensate into a third-stage rinsing tank to serve as water for third-stage rinsing.
Further: after the step of introducing the evaporation mother liquor into the flash cooling crystallization system for flash cooling again, the method further comprises the following steps:
drying to obtain potassium chloride product salt and cooling mother liquor; and introducing the cooled mother liquor into an evaporative crystallization system for evaporative crystallization again to obtain potassium chloride product salt, the evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensate water.
Further: after the step of introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system and then carrying out evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water, the method further comprises the following steps:
the evaporative crystallization system can obtain a small amount of open flow mother liquor rich in impurities after multiple times of evaporative crystallization, the open flow mother liquor is led into the single-effect evaporation system to be evaporated again to obtain waste salt, and the waste salt is entrusted to the outside for treatment.
The invention further provides incineration fly ash treatment equipment, which is applied to the incineration fly ash treatment method, wherein the treatment equipment comprises primary centrifugal filtration equipment, secondary centrifugal filtration equipment and rinsing and squeezing equipment;
the first-stage centrifugal filtering equipment comprises a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge A and a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge B, the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge A is applied to the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal filtering A, the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge B is applied to the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal filtering B, and the equipment for rinsing and squeezing is a squeezer; the equipment selected for the secondary centrifugal filtration is a secondary horizontal spiral centrifuge;
the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge A is communicated with and fixedly connected with the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge B and the second-level rinsing bath respectively, the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge B is communicated with and fixedly connected with the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge A and the filtrate bath respectively, the second-level horizontal spiral centrifuge is communicated with and fixedly connected with the second-level rinsing bath and the third-level rinsing bath respectively, and the squeezer is communicated with and fixed with the third-level rinsing bath respectively.
The invention provides a method and a device for treating incineration fly ash, which have the following beneficial effects: the invention can treat the domestic garbage incineration, the dangerous waste plasma and the poisonous and harmful fly ash generated by the high-temperature melting of the dangerous waste in a process mode, and the treatment method not only can not occupy a large amount of land for landfill, but also can reduce the risk of secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing one example of a method for treating incineration fly ash according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of an incineration fly ash treatment apparatus of the present invention;
in the drawings, the corresponding relationship between the component names and the reference numbers is as follows:
1. a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge A; 2. a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge B; 3. a second-stage rinsing bath; 4. a secondary horizontal spiral centrifuge; 5. a third-stage rinsing bath; 6. a press;
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a method for treating incineration fly ash according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
In one embodiment, the processing method employed is as follows:
s1: conveying the collected fly ash to a fly ash storage bin for temporary storage through pneumatic conveying equipment;
s2: conveying fly ash in a fly ash bin to a double-shaft humidifying stirrer through a scraper conveyor and a pipe chain conveyor for pre-pulping to form slurry;
s3: introducing the slurry into a washing tank, stirring and mixing the slurry by using first-stage washing water, and then carrying out first-stage washing;
s4: performing primary centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry after the primary washing to generate a primary washing filter cake;
s5: carrying out secondary washing on the primary washing filter cake and the sludge by using secondary washing water;
s6: after the second-stage water washing is finished, filtering to generate a second-stage filtrate and a second-stage water washing filter cake, and guiding the second-stage filtrate to the S3 to be used as first-stage water washing water;
s7: carrying out third-stage water washing on the second-stage water washing filter cake by introducing water from the outside;
s8: and rinsing and squeezing the tertiary washing slurry to obtain a dechlorinated filter cake and a tertiary filtrate, and guiding the tertiary filtrate to the S5 to be used as secondary washing water.
In the embodiment, bagged or bulk fly ash is treated and conveyed to a fly ash storage bin for temporary storage through pneumatic conveying equipment, and in other embodiments, other power devices can be adopted for conveying; the fly ash stored in the fly ash storage bin is scraped from the fly ash storage bin through a scraper conveyor and then is conveyed into a double-shaft humidifying stirrer through a pipe chain conveyor, the fly ash at the moment is wetted and stirred by the double-shaft humidifying stirrer to form pre-mixed slurry, the pre-mixed slurry is conveyed into a first-stage water washing tank to be subjected to first-stage water washing, the pre-mixed slurry at the moment is washed by first-stage water washing to form first-stage water washing slurry, the first-stage water washing slurry is conveyed into a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge to be subjected to first-stage centrifugal filtration, the first-stage water washing slurry at the moment is subjected to first-stage centrifugal filtration to form first-stage filtrate and first-stage filter cake, the first-stage filter cake is conveyed into a second-stage water washing tank 3 to be subjected to second-stage water washing to form second-stage water washing slurry, the second-stage water washing slurry is conveyed into a second-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge 4 to be subjected to second-stage centrifugal filtration, and the second-stage water washing slurry at the moment is subjected to second-stage centrifugal filtration to form second-stage filtrate and second-stage filter cake, carry the second grade filtrating and carry in the one-level wash bowl as one-level washing water, carry the second grade filter cake and carry out tertiary washing in the tertiary wash bowl, the second grade filter cake at this moment obtains tertiary washing thick liquid after tertiary washing water carries out the washing, carry the tertiary washing thick liquid and carry out the rinsing in the filter press and squeeze and obtain dechlorination filter cake and tertiary filtrating, carry the tertiary filtrating and carry in the second grade wash bowl 3 as second grade washing water, send dechlorination filter cake to cement plant and carry out cement kiln in coordination with the processing or send to the smelter and carry out resource utilization
In one embodiment, the step S4 of subjecting the primary water-washed slurry after the primary water-washing to primary centrifugal filtration to generate a primary water-washed filter cake further comprises:
performing centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry through a primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtration A to obtain a primary washing filter cake A and a primary washing filtrate A;
introducing the first-stage washing filter cake A into a second-stage washing tank 3 for second-stage washing;
introducing the first-stage washing filtrate A into a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal filter B to perform first-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal filter B so as to obtain a first-stage washing filter cake B and a first-stage washing filtrate B;
leading in one-level spiral shell centrifugation B in carrying out one-level spiral shell centrifugation B with one-level washing filtrate A to one-level spiral shell centrifugation B to after the step of obtaining one-level washing filter cake B and one-level washing filtrate B, still include:
leading the first-stage washing filtrate B into a filtrate tank for storage; introducing the first-stage washing filter cake B into a second-stage washing tank 3 for second-stage washing;
in the specific implementation: because the impurities contained in the primary washing slurry generated after the primary washing are the most, the primary washing slurry after the primary washing needs to be centrifugally filtered twice to ensure that the impurities contained in the primary washing slurry can be filtered to a greater extent, so that the primary washing filtrate generated after the primary centrifugal filtration in the horizontal spiral centrifuge A enters the horizontal spiral centrifuge B and then is thrown into the flocculant for the secondary centrifugal filtration, the primary washing slurry can be filtered and separated to the maximum extent, the primary washing filter cake A and the primary washing filter cake B generated after the secondary filtration are conveyed to the secondary washing tank 3 for cleaning, and finally the primary washing filtrate B containing a large amount of harmful ions is conveyed to the filter tank for reaction.
In one embodiment, after the step of introducing the primary water-washing filtrate B into the filtrate tank for storage, the method further comprises:
introducing the primary washing filtrate B in the filtrate tank into a comprehensive reaction precipitation neutralization system, and reacting with the primary washing filtrate B through impurity removal refining agents and hydrochloric acid to obtain sludge and salt solution;
the sludge is led into a secondary washing tank 3 to be washed for the second time; introducing the salt solution into an ultrafiltration system for filtering;
in the specific implementation: because the first-stage washing filtrate B after washing and filtering contains a large amount of harmful ions, the first-stage washing filtrate B needs to be sampled and detected first to detect impurity components and content in the washing solution, wherein the impurity components include but are not limited to calcium ions, magnesium ions, sulfate ions and heavy metal ions, and corresponding impurity-removing refined medicaments are sequentially added into the comprehensive reaction tank according to detection results, and the impurity-removing refined medicaments comprise: lime water and an inorganic precipitator are used for removing impurities such as calcium ions, magnesium ions, sulfate ions, heavy metal ions and the like possibly existing in the brine, the brine enters an inclined tube sedimentation tank after full reaction, the sludge of the precipitate enters the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the sludge is periodically conveyed to a secondary washing tank 3 to be subjected to secondary washing together with a primary washing filter cake A and a primary washing filter cake B, then the brine after precipitation flows into a neutralization tank, a PH online real-time monitoring instrument is arranged in the neutralization tank to monitor the PH value of the neutralization tank in real time, as more calcium ions, magnesium ions and heavy metal ions are contained in the water and hydroxide ions are generated when the calcium ions, magnesium ions and heavy metal ions react with the water, the water solution at the moment can be alkaline, hydrochloric acid is added to perform acid-alkali neutralization reaction when the PH value of the neutralization tank is alkaline, the PH value of the brine after neutralization and adjustment is 7-8, and finally, conveying the adjusted salt solution to an ultrafiltration system to further filter sulfate ions in the salt solution.
In one embodiment, after the step of filtering after the salt solution is introduced into the ultrafiltration system to obtain the ultrafiltration product water and the ultrafiltration concentrate water, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing ultrafiltration concentrated water into a filtrate tank to react with the primary washing filtrate B; introducing the ultrafiltration water into a nanofiltration system for secondary filtration to obtain nanofiltration water and nanofiltration concentrated water;
after the step of introducing the ultrafiltration water product into the nanofiltration system for filtering again to remove sulfate ions so as to obtain nanofiltration water product and nanofiltration concentrated water, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing nanofiltration concentrated water into a filtrate tank to react with the primary washing filtrate B; introducing nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system for evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water;
in the specific implementation: because the salt solution also contains fine suspended matters and a small amount of acid radical ions, the salt solution treated by the comprehensive reaction precipitation neutralization system is filtered by an ultrafiltration system to remove the fine suspended matters and impurities in the salt solution, ultrafiltration product water and ultrafiltration concentrated water are generated after the fine suspended matters and impurities in the salt solution are removed, the ultrafiltration product water enters a nanofiltration system to further remove the sulfate radical ions to generate nanofiltration product water and nanofiltration concentrated water, at the moment, the nanofiltration concentrated water generated in the nanofiltration system and the ultrafiltration concentrated water generated in the ultrafiltration system return to a filtrate tank to continuously remove the contained acid radical ions, and finally, the ultrafiltration concentrated water is introduced to an evaporative crystallization system to be evaporated and crystallized.
In one embodiment, after the steps of introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system and then carrying out evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water, the method further comprises the following steps:
introducing the evaporation mother liquor into a flash evaporation cooling crystallization system for evaporation cooling again; introducing the evaporated condensate into a third-stage rinsing bath to serve as third-stage rinsing water;
after the step of introducing the evaporation mother liquor into the flash cooling crystallization system for flash cooling again, the method further comprises the following steps:
drying to obtain potassium chloride product salt and cooling mother liquor; introducing the cooled mother liquor into an evaporative crystallization system for evaporative crystallization again to obtain potassium chloride product salt, the evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensate water;
after the step of introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system and then carrying out evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water, the method further comprises the following steps:
the evaporative crystallization system can obtain a small amount of open flow mother liquor enriched with impurities after multiple times of evaporative crystallization, the open flow mother liquor is led into the single-effect evaporation system to be evaporated again to obtain waste salt, and the waste salt is entrusted to the outside for treatment;
in the specific implementation: and after repeated circulation, a small amount of mother liquor enriched with impurities enters a single-effect evaporation system to be evaporated and crystallized again to obtain waste salt, and the obtained waste salt is subjected to unit treatment of entrusted qualification of the waste salt.
The treatment equipment of the incineration fly ash is applied to the treatment method of the incineration fly ash, and comprises primary centrifugal filtration equipment, secondary centrifugal filtration equipment and rinsing and pressing equipment;
the primary centrifugal filtering equipment comprises a primary horizontal spiral centrifuge A1 and a primary horizontal spiral centrifuge B2, the primary horizontal spiral centrifuge A1 is applied to the primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtering A, the primary horizontal spiral centrifuge B2 is applied to the primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtering B, and the equipment for rinsing and squeezing is a squeezer; the equipment selected for the secondary centrifugal filtration is a secondary horizontal spiral centrifuge 4;
the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge A1 is respectively communicated and fixedly connected with the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge B2 and the second-stage rinsing tank 3, the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge B2 is respectively communicated and fixedly connected with the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge A1 and the filtrate tank, the second-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge 4 is respectively communicated and fixedly connected with the second-stage rinsing tank 3 and the third-stage rinsing tank, and the squeezer is respectively communicated and fixedly connected with the third-stage rinsing tank;
in the specific implementation: because the fly ash pre-mixed slurry is liquid after being washed, but the fly ash pre-mixed slurry is basically solid containing impurities, solid-liquid separation is needed, the horizontal spiral centrifugal machine can carry out solid-liquid separation on the liquid pre-mixed slurry and filtrate, the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal machine mainly separates the pre-mixed slurry after the first-stage washing, the second-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal machine 4 mainly separates a first-stage filter cake generated by the centrifugal separation of the first-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal machine, the squeezer squeezes a second-stage filter cake generated by the second-stage horizontal spiral centrifugal machine 4 after the third-stage washing, the third-stage filtration selection squeezer is higher than that of a horizontal spiral centrifugal machine in dehydration rate, the water content of the filter cake is small, the salt content is lower, the first-stage washing is completed in the first-stage tank, the second-stage washing is completed in the second-stage washing tank 3, and the third-stage washing is completed in the third-stage washing tank.
In summary, the following steps:
the bagged or bulk fly ash is treated and conveyed to a fly ash storage bin for temporary storage through pneumatic conveying equipment, and in other embodiments, other power devices can be adopted for conveying; the fly ash stored in a fly ash storage bin is scraped from the fly ash storage bin through a scraper conveyor, and then is conveyed into a double-shaft humidifying stirrer through a pipe chain conveyor, the fly ash at the moment is wetted and stirred by the double-shaft humidifying stirrer to form pre-mixed slurry, the pre-mixed slurry is conveyed into a first-stage water washing tank to be subjected to first-stage water washing, the pre-mixed slurry is washed by first-stage water washing to form first-stage water washing slurry, the first-stage water washing slurry is conveyed into a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge A1 to be subjected to first-stage centrifugal filtration to generate first-stage water washing filtrate A and first-stage water washing filter cake A, the first-stage water washing filtrate A is conveyed into a first-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge B2 to be subjected to continuous centrifugal filtration to generate first-stage water washing filtrate B and first-stage water washing filter cake B, the first-stage water washing filtrate A and the first-stage water washing filter cake B are conveyed into a second-stage water washing tank 3 to be subjected to second-stage water washing filter cake, the first-stage water washing filtrate B is conveyed into a filtrate tank to be temporarily stored, the first-stage washing filter cake A and the first-stage washing filter cake B form second-stage washing slurry through second-stage washing water, the second-stage washing slurry is conveyed into a second-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge 4 to be subjected to second-stage centrifugal filtration, the second-stage washing slurry is subjected to second-stage centrifugal filtration through the second-stage horizontal spiral centrifuge 4 to form second-stage filtrate and second-stage filter cake, the second-stage filtrate is conveyed into a first-stage washing tank to be used as the first-stage washing water, the second-stage filter cake is conveyed into a third-stage washing tank to be subjected to third-stage washing, the second-stage filter cake is subjected to water washing through the third-stage washing water to obtain third-stage washing slurry, the third-stage washing slurry is conveyed into a filter press to be subjected to rinsing and squeezing to obtain dechlorination filter cake and third-stage filtrate, the third-stage filtrate is conveyed into a second-stage washing tank 3 to be used as the second-stage washing water, and the dechlorination filter cake is conveyed to a cement kiln for cooperative disposal or is conveyed to a smelting plant to be subjected to resource utilization;
because the first-stage washing filtrate B after washing and filtering contains a large amount of harmful ions, the first-stage washing filtrate B needs to be sampled and detected to detect impurity components and content in washing liquid, the impurity components include but are not limited to calcium ions, magnesium ions, sulfate ions and heavy metal ions, corresponding impurity-removing refined chemicals are sequentially added into a comprehensive reaction tank according to a detection result, the salt solution after full reaction enters an inclined tube sedimentation tank, sediment sludge enters the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the sludge is periodically conveyed to a second-stage washing tank 3 to be subjected to second-stage washing together with a first-stage washing filter cake A and a first-stage washing filter cake B, then the salt solution after sedimentation flows into a neutralization tank, a PH online real-time monitoring instrument is arranged in the neutralization tank to monitor the PH value of the neutralization tank in real time, and because the water contains more calcium ions, magnesium ions and heavy metal ions, when the pH value of the neutralization tank is alkaline, hydrochloric acid is added for acid-base neutralization reaction to adjust back the pH value, the pH value of the neutralized and adjusted salt solution is 7-8, and finally the adjusted salt solution is conveyed to an ultrafiltration system for further filtering sulfate ions in the salt solution; the salt solution is conveyed into an ultrafiltration system and then filtered to generate ultrafiltration water and ultrafiltration concentrated water, the ultrafiltration water is conveyed into a nanofiltration system and filtered again to generate nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration water, the ultrafiltration concentrated water and the nanofiltration concentrated water are conveyed into a filtrate tank and are subjected to impurity removal reaction together with a primary washing filtrate B, the nanofiltration water is conveyed into an evaporation crystallization system for evaporation crystallization to generate evaporation condensate water and evaporation mother liquor and potassium chloride product salt, the evaporation condensate water is conveyed into a tertiary washing tank to serve as tertiary washing water, the evaporation mother liquor is conveyed into a flash evaporation cooling crystallization system for drying treatment to obtain potassium chloride product salt and cooling mother liquor, the cooling mother liquor is guided back into the evaporation crystallization system to be evaporated and crystallized together with the nanofiltration water, a small amount of impurity-enriched mother liquor enters a single-effect evaporation system for evaporation crystallization again after multiple cycles to obtain waste salt, obtaining the waste salt and entrusting qualified unit treatment.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating the incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: conveying the collected fly ash to a fly ash storage bin for temporary storage through pneumatic conveying equipment;
s2: conveying fly ash in a fly ash bin to a double-shaft humidifying stirrer through a scraper conveyor and a pipe chain conveyor for pre-pulping to form slurry;
s3: introducing the slurry into a washing tank, stirring and mixing the slurry by using first-stage washing water, and then carrying out first-stage washing;
s4: performing primary centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry after the primary washing to generate a primary washing filter cake;
s5: carrying out secondary washing on the primary washing filter cake and the sludge by using secondary washing water;
s6: after the second-stage water washing is finished, filtering to generate a second-stage filtrate and a second-stage water washing filter cake, and guiding the second-stage filtrate to the S3 to be used as first-stage water washing water;
s7: carrying out third-stage water washing on the second-stage water washing filter cake by introducing water from the outside;
s8: and rinsing and squeezing the tertiary washing slurry to obtain a dechlorinated filter cake and a tertiary filtrate, and guiding the tertiary filtrate to the S5 to be used as secondary washing water.
2. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 of subjecting the primary washed slurry after the primary washing to primary centrifugal filtration to produce a primary washed cake further comprises:
performing centrifugal filtration on the primary washing slurry through a primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtration A to obtain a primary washing filter cake A and a primary washing filtrate A;
introducing the first-stage washing filter cake A into a second-stage washing tank for second-stage washing;
and (3) introducing the first-stage washing filtrate A into a first-stage horizontal spiral shell centrifugal filtration B to perform first-stage horizontal spiral shell centrifugal filtration B so as to obtain a first-stage washing filter cake B and a first-stage washing filtrate B.
3. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the step of introducing the primary water washing filtrate a into a primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtration B to perform the primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtration B to obtain a primary water washing filter cake B and a primary water washing filtrate B is followed by:
leading the first-stage washing filtrate B into a filtrate tank for storage; and (4) introducing the first-stage water washing filter cake B into a second-stage water washing tank for second-stage water washing.
4. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the step of introducing the primary water washing filtrate B to a filtrate tank for storage is followed by further comprising:
introducing the primary washing filtrate B in the filtrate tank into a comprehensive reaction precipitation neutralization system, and reacting with the primary washing filtrate B through impurity removal refining agents and hydrochloric acid to obtain sludge and salt solution;
introducing the sludge into a secondary washing tank for secondary washing; the salt solution is introduced into an ultrafiltration system for filtration.
5. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the step of conducting filtration after the salt solution is introduced into the ultrafiltration system to obtain ultrafiltration produced water and ultrafiltration concentrated water further comprises:
introducing ultrafiltration concentrated water into a filtrate tank to react with the primary washing filtrate B; and (4) guiding the ultrafiltration water production into a nanofiltration system for secondary filtration to obtain nanofiltration water production and nanofiltration concentrated water.
6. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 5, further comprising, after the step of introducing the ultrafiltration produced water into a nanofiltration system for filtration again to remove sulfate ions to obtain nanofiltration produced water and nanofiltration concentrated water:
introducing nanofiltration concentrated water into a filtrate tank to react with the primary washing filtrate B; and (4) introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system for evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water.
7. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the step of introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system and then carrying out evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salt, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water further comprises:
introducing the evaporation mother liquor into a flash evaporation cooling crystallization system for evaporation cooling again; and introducing the evaporated condensate into a third-stage rinsing tank to serve as water for third-stage rinsing.
8. The method for treating incineration fly ash according to claim 7, wherein after the step of introducing the evaporation mother liquor into the flash cooling crystallization system for flash cooling again, the method further comprises:
drying to obtain potassium chloride product salt and cooling mother liquor; and introducing the cooled mother liquor into an evaporative crystallization system for evaporative crystallization again to obtain potassium chloride product salt, the evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensate water.
9. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 7, further comprising, after the steps of introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water into an evaporative crystallization system and then performing evaporative crystallization to obtain potassium chloride product salts, an evaporative mother liquor and evaporative condensed water:
the evaporative crystallization system can obtain a small amount of open flow mother liquor rich in impurities after multiple times of evaporative crystallization, the open flow mother liquor is led into the single-effect evaporation system to be evaporated again to obtain waste salt, and the waste salt is entrusted to the outside for treatment.
10. An incineration fly ash treatment apparatus, which is applied to the incineration fly ash treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the treatment apparatus comprising a primary centrifugal filtration apparatus, a secondary centrifugal filtration apparatus, and a rinsing press apparatus;
the primary centrifugal filtering equipment comprises a primary horizontal spiral centrifuge A and a primary horizontal spiral centrifuge B, the primary horizontal spiral centrifuge A is applied to the primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtering A, the primary horizontal spiral centrifuge B is applied to the primary horizontal spiral centrifugal filtering B, and the equipment for rinsing and squeezing is a squeezer; the equipment selected for the secondary centrifugal filtration is a secondary horizontal spiral centrifuge;
the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge A is communicated with and fixedly connected with the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge B and the second-level rinsing bath respectively, the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge B is communicated with and fixedly connected with the one-level horizontal spiral centrifuge A and the filtrate bath respectively, the second-level horizontal spiral centrifuge is communicated with and fixedly connected with the second-level rinsing bath and the third-level rinsing bath respectively, and the squeezer is communicated with and fixed with the third-level rinsing bath respectively.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114610086A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-10 | 深圳能源环保股份有限公司 | PH value-based waste incineration fly ash treatment method and device and storage medium |
| CN115121591A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-30 | 沧州冀环威立雅环境服务有限公司 | High-salt fly ash pretreatment process |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114610086A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-10 | 深圳能源环保股份有限公司 | PH value-based waste incineration fly ash treatment method and device and storage medium |
| CN115121591A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-30 | 沧州冀环威立雅环境服务有限公司 | High-salt fly ash pretreatment process |
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