CN114536071A - Tool changing mechanism - Google Patents
Tool changing mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN114536071A CN114536071A CN202210351696.7A CN202210351696A CN114536071A CN 114536071 A CN114536071 A CN 114536071A CN 202210351696 A CN202210351696 A CN 202210351696A CN 114536071 A CN114536071 A CN 114536071A
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- gear
- rack
- tool
- assembly
- meshed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
- B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tool changing mechanism, which relates to the technical field of numerical control machines, and is used for switching a tool between a spindle and a tool magazine, and comprises a rack, a sleeve, a tool clamping assembly, an intermittent gear ring and a driving assembly, wherein the sleeve is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the rack; the cutter clamping assembly comprises a cross rod and an upright rod which are vertically arranged, two ends of the cross rod are respectively provided with a clamping head for clamping a cutter, and the upright rod is vertically and slidably arranged on the sleeve; the intermittent gear ring is rotationally arranged on the rack, internal teeth are arranged on the 180-degree inner peripheral side surface of the intermittent gear ring, the rotational stroke of the intermittent gear ring comprises a first stroke and a second stroke, in the first stroke, the internal teeth are meshed with the first gear assembly to drive the vertical rod to rotate, and in the second stroke, the internal teeth are meshed with the second gear assembly to drive the vertical rod to vertically slide; the driving assembly is used for driving the intermittent gear ring to rotate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a tool changing mechanism.
Background
The numerical control machine tool is provided with the tool magazine, various tools for machining are stored in the tool magazine, and an electric spindle of the numerical control machine tool needs to machine a workpiece through different tools, so that a tool changing mechanism is needed to replace the tools on the electric spindle.
For example, a chinese patent with publication number CN215747984U, entitled "a tool changing structure", includes: the tool magazine assembly comprises a first tool conveying device, the first tool conveying device comprises a first tool fixing end and a first tool moving end, a plurality of first tool clamping pieces which are sequentially arranged are arranged on the first tool moving end, a first tool taking position is arranged on the tool magazine assembly, the first tool moving end can drive the first tool clamping pieces to sequentially pass through the first tool taking position, and a second tool taking position is arranged on one side, far away from the first tool conveying device, of the first tool taking position; the cutter taking mechanism comprises a first driving device, the first driving device comprises a first fixed end and a first moving end, the first fixed end and the first cutter fixed end are relatively fixed, a second cutter clamping piece is arranged on the first moving end, and the first moving end can drive the second cutter clamping piece to move between the first cutter taking position and the second cutter taking position; stretch out the mechanism, it is including stretching out drive arrangement, stretch out drive arrangement including stretching out the stiff end and stretching out the motion end, stretch out the stiff end with first cutter stiff end relatively fixed, it is equipped with third cutter clamping piece to stretch out the motion to serve, third cutter clamping piece is located the second is got keeping away from of sword position the first one side of getting the sword position, it can drive to stretch out the motion end third cutter clamping piece is along being close to or keeping away from the direction motion that the sword position was got to the second.
In the prior art, a tool changing mechanism can carry out tool changing operation on an electric spindle by virtue of a plurality of driving sources, and an old tool on the electric spindle needs to be detached (put back into a tool magazine) first, and then a new tool in the tool magazine is detached and installed on the electric spindle, so that the tool changing efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tool changing mechanism to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a tool changing mechanism is used for changing a tool between a tool spindle and a tool magazine and comprises a rack, a sleeve, a tool clamping assembly, an intermittent gear ring and a driving assembly, wherein the sleeve is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the rack; the cutter clamping assembly comprises a cross rod and an upright rod which are vertically arranged, two ends of the cross rod are respectively provided with a clamping head for clamping a cutter, and the upright rod is vertically and slidably arranged on the sleeve; the intermittent gear ring is rotationally arranged on the rack, internal teeth are arranged on the 180-degree inner peripheral side surface of the intermittent gear ring, the rotational stroke of the intermittent gear ring comprises a first stroke and a second stroke, in the first stroke, the internal teeth are meshed with the first gear assembly to drive the vertical rod to rotate, and in the second stroke, the internal teeth are meshed with the second gear assembly to drive the vertical rod to vertically slide; the driving assembly is used for driving the intermittent gear ring to rotate.
Further, during tool changing, first gear at first meshes with a set of internal tooth middle part of intermittent type ring gear, and the horizontal pole of pressing from both sides the sword subassembly is located the straight line of the line between perpendicular to tool magazine and the electricity main shaft, intermittent type ring gear includes in proper order along same direction pivoted in-process:
the intermittent gear ring rotates 90 degrees, the internal teeth are only meshed with the first gear assembly, and the first gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to rotate 90 degrees so that the two clamping heads respectively clamp the cutters on the tool magazine and the electric spindle;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 180 degrees, the inner teeth are only meshed with the second gear assembly, and the second gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to move downwards so that the cutter clamped by the two clamping heads is separated from the tool magazine and the electric spindle;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 180 degrees, the internal teeth are only meshed with the first gear assembly, and the first gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to rotate 180 degrees so as to enable the two clamping heads and the clamped cutter to exchange positions;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 180 degrees, the inner teeth are only meshed with the second gear assembly, and the second gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to move upwards so that the cutters clamped by the two clamping heads are inserted into the tool magazine and the electric spindle;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 90 degrees, the internal teeth are only meshed with the first gear assembly, and the first gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to rotate 90 degrees so that the two clamping heads are respectively separated from the tool magazine and the tool on the electric spindle.
Further, the first gear assembly comprises a first gear, a first worm and a first worm gear, wherein the first gear is rotatably arranged on the rack; the first worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first gear; the first worm wheel is coaxially and fixedly connected to the sleeve and meshed with the first worm.
Further, the second transmission part comprises a second gear, a second worm wheel, a first rack, a second rack and an intermittent gear, wherein the second gear is rotatably arranged on the rack; the second worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second gear; the second worm wheel is rotationally connected to the rack and meshed with the second worm; the first rack is rotationally connected to the vertical rod; the second rack is vertically arranged on the rack in a sliding manner, and the second rack and the first rack are oppositely arranged and fixedly connected; the intermittent gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second worm gear, gear teeth are arranged on the 180-degree circumferential side surface of the intermittent gear, the intermittent gear is alternately meshed with the first rack and the second rack in a matched mode, the rotating stroke of the intermittent gear comprises a first stroke and a second stroke, the gear teeth are meshed with the first rack to drive the vertical rod to move downwards in the first stroke, and the gear teeth are meshed with the second rack to drive the vertical rod to move vertically upwards in the second stroke.
Furthermore, an annular sliding groove is formed in the end face of the intermittent gear ring, an arc sleeve is fixedly arranged on the rack, an arc sliding edge is arranged on the arc sleeve, and the arc sliding edge is annularly and slidably arranged in the annular sliding groove.
Further, the driving assembly comprises a servo motor, the servo motor is fixedly mounted on the rack, a third gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to a rotating shaft of the servo motor, a circle of external teeth are arranged on the peripheral side face of the intermittent gear ring, and the third gear is meshed with the external teeth of the intermittent gear ring.
Furthermore, a circular ring coaxial with the intermittent gear ring is rotatably arranged on the rack, and a plurality of connecting rods are fixedly connected between the circular ring and the intermittent gear ring.
Furthermore, the driving assembly comprises a servo motor installed on the rack, and a rotating shaft of the servo motor is coaxially and fixedly connected with the circular ring.
Furthermore, the driving assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder arranged on the rack, a third rack is fixedly connected to an open end of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, a circle of external teeth are arranged on the side face of the periphery of the intermittent gear ring, and the third rack is meshed with the external teeth of the intermittent gear ring.
Furthermore, the vertical rod is columnar, a straight sliding groove parallel to the axial direction of the vertical rod is formed in the side face of the outer periphery of the vertical rod, a straight sliding edge parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve is arranged on the side face of the inner periphery of the sleeve, and the straight sliding edge is connected in the straight sliding groove in a sliding mode.
In the technical scheme, the tool changing mechanism provided by the invention can realize the tool switching between the electric spindle and the tool magazine under the matching of the first gear assembly, the second gear assembly and the sleeve by only driving the intermittent gear ring to rotate for two circles through one driving assembly, and the two clamping heads simultaneously clamp the tool from the tool magazine and the electric spindle and downwards take the tool off, and after rotating for 180 degrees, the tool is upwards inserted into the tool magazine and the electric spindle and then is separated from the tool at the same time, so that the tool changing efficiency and the tool changing precision are high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.
FIGS. 1-2 are schematic views of the initial position provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a beginning clamping operation of a clamping assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention for removing the tool;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for tool position exchange;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool mounting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another driving assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a clamping blade assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view, partially broken away, of a clamping blade assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a knife holder assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of a knife holder assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a portion of a clamping knife assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a clamping knife assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a frame; 2. a sleeve; 3. a clamping knife assembly; 3.1, a cross bar; 3.11, a sliding block; 3.2, erecting a rod; 3.3, a clamping head; 3.31, a notched ring; 3.311, an arc chute; 3.312, an elastic part; 3.4, a linkage component; 3.41, a sprocket; 3.42, a chain; 3.5, an external tooth group; 3.6, a first gear; 3.7, gear two; 3.8, a first arc-shaped rack; 3.9, a second arc-shaped rack; 4. an intermittent ring gear; 4.1, internal teeth; 5. a first gear assembly; 5.1, a first gear; 5.2, a first worm; 5.3, a first worm gear; 6. a second gear assembly; 6.1, a second gear; 6.2, a second worm; 6.3, a second worm gear; 6.4, a first rack; 6.5, a second rack; 6.6, intermittent gear; 7. a drive assembly; 7.1, a servo motor; 7.2, a third gear; 7.3, external teeth; 7.4, connecting rods; 8. an arc-shaped sleeve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-13, a tool changing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used for changing a tool between a spindle and a tool magazine, and is characterized by including a frame 1, a sleeve 2, a tool clamping assembly 3, an intermittent gear ring 4, and a driving assembly 7, wherein the sleeve 2 is horizontally and rotatably disposed on the frame 1; the cutter clamping assembly 3 comprises a cross rod 3.1 and an upright rod 3.2 which are vertically arranged, two ends of the cross rod 3.1 are respectively provided with a clamping head 3.3 for clamping a cutter, and the upright rod 3.2 is vertically and slidably arranged on the sleeve 2; the intermittent gear ring 4 is rotationally arranged on the rack 1, internal teeth 4.1 are arranged on the 180-degree inner peripheral side surface of the intermittent gear ring 4, the rotational stroke of the intermittent gear ring 4 comprises a first stroke and a second stroke, in the first stroke, the internal teeth 4.1 are meshed with the first gear assembly 5 to drive the vertical rod 3.2 to rotate, and in the second stroke, the internal teeth 4.1 are meshed with the second gear assembly 6 to drive the vertical rod 3.2 to vertically slide; the driving assembly 7 is used for driving the intermittent gear ring 4 to rotate.
Specifically, the frame 1 is equivalent to a fixed foundation, and the specific shape of the frame 1 can be set according to the needs. The clamping head 3.3 of the double-layered knife assembly 3 can be a clamp in the prior art, preferably, the clamping head 3.3 is of an annular structure with a notch, and the notch of the clamping head 3.3 aligns with the handle part of the knife when the clamping head follows the horizontal movement of the cross rod 3.1, so that the handle part of the knife is clamped into the annular structure, the annular structure is limited to the knife in the vertical direction, namely, the knife can not move relative to the annular structure in the vertical direction. The vertical sliding of pole setting 3.2 sets up on sleeve 2, and is preferred, and pole setting 3.2 is the column, and the straight spout that is on a parallel with its axial is seted up to the periphery side of pole setting 3.2, is provided with on the interior peripheral face of sleeve 2 to be on a parallel with its axial straight smooth arris, and straight smooth arris sliding connection is in straight spout to realize the sliding connection between pole setting 3.2 and the sleeve 2, but pole setting 3.2 can't rotate relative sleeve 2. During the rotation of the intermittent ring gear 4, the first gear assembly 5 and the second gear assembly 6 are alternately meshed with the internal teeth 4.1, namely, the internal teeth 4.1 can only be meshed with one of the first gear assembly 5 and the second gear assembly 6, the internal teeth 4.1 cannot be meshed with the first gear assembly 5 and the second gear assembly 6 at the same time, and the internal teeth 4.1 are certainly meshed with one of the first gear assembly and the second gear assembly.
When the tool is changed, the first gear 5.1 is firstly meshed with the middle part of a group of internal teeth 4.1 of the intermittent gear ring 4, the cross rod 3.1 of the tool clamping component 3 is positioned on a straight line perpendicular to a connecting line between the tool magazine and the electric spindle, and as shown in fig. 1-2, the intermittent gear ring 4 sequentially comprises the following steps in the process of rotating along the same direction: (1) the intermittent gear ring 4 rotates 90 degrees (the second half of the first stroke), the internal teeth 4.1 are only meshed with the first gear assembly 5, and the first gear assembly 5 drives the cutter clamping assembly 3 to rotate 90 degrees so that the two clamping heads 3.3 respectively clamp the cutters on the tool magazine and the electric spindle, as shown in fig. 3; (2) the intermittent gear ring 4 rotates 180 degrees (the whole course of the second stroke), the internal teeth 4.1 are only meshed with the second gear assembly 6, and the second gear assembly 6 drives the cutter clamping assembly 3 to move downwards so that the cutter clamped by the two clamping heads 3.3 is separated from the tool magazine and the electric spindle, as shown in fig. 4; (3) the intermittent gear ring 4 rotates 180 degrees (another first stroke is full), the internal teeth 4.1 are only meshed with the first gear assembly 5, and the first gear assembly 5 drives the cutter clamping assembly 3 to rotate 180 degrees so as to enable the two clamping heads 3.3 and the clamped cutter to exchange positions, as shown in fig. 5; (4) the intermittent gear ring 4 rotates 180 degrees (another second stroke is complete), the internal teeth 4.1 are only meshed with the second gear assembly 6, and the second gear assembly 6 drives the cutter clamping assembly 3 to move upwards so that the cutters clamped by the two clamping heads 3.3 are inserted into the tool magazine and the electric spindle; (5) the intermittent gear ring 4 rotates 90 degrees (the first half of the first stroke), the internal teeth 4.1 are only meshed with the first gear assembly 5, and the first gear assembly 5 drives the cutter clamping assembly 3 to rotate 90 degrees so that the two clamping heads 3.3 are respectively separated from the tool magazine and the tool on the electric spindle, as shown in fig. 6.
In the technical scheme, the tool changing mechanism provided by the invention can realize the tool switching between the electric spindle and the tool magazine under the matching of the first gear assembly 5, the second gear assembly 6 and the sleeve 2 only by driving the intermittent gear ring 4 to rotate for two circles through one driving assembly 7, and the two clamping heads 3.3 simultaneously clamp the tool from the tool magazine and the electric spindle and downwards take the tool out, and after rotating for 180 degrees, the tool is upwards inserted into the tool magazine and the electric spindle and then is simultaneously separated from the tool, so that the tool changing efficiency is high, and the tool changing precision is high.
As a preferable technical solution of the present embodiment, the first gear assembly 5 includes a first gear 5.1, a first worm 5.2 and a first worm wheel 5.3, wherein the first gear 5.1 is rotatably disposed on the rack 1; the first worm 5.2 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first gear 5.1; the first worm wheel 5.3 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the sleeve 2, and the first worm wheel 5.3 is meshed with the first worm 5.2. In a first stroke, the internal teeth 4.1 of the intermittent gear ring 4 are meshed with the first gear 5.1 of the first gear assembly 5, the intermittent gear ring 4 drives the first gear 5.1 to rotate when rotating, the first gear 5.1 drives the first worm 5.2 to rotate, the first worm 5.2 drives the first worm wheel 5.3 to rotate, so that the first worm wheel 5.3 drives the sleeve 2 to rotate, and the sleeve 2 drives the upright rod 3.2 and the cutter clamping assembly 3 to horizontally rotate.
As a preferable technical solution of the present embodiment, the second transmission member includes a second gear 6.1, a second worm 6.2, a second worm wheel 6.3, a first rack 6.4, a second rack 6.5 and an intermittent gear 6.6, wherein the second gear 6.1 is rotatably disposed on the frame 1; the second worm 6.2 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second gear 6.1; the second worm wheel 6.3 is rotationally connected to the rack 1, and the second worm wheel 6.3 is meshed with the second worm 6.2; the first rack 6.4 is rotationally connected to the upright rod 3.2; the second rack 6.5 is vertically arranged on the rack 1 in a sliding manner, and the second rack 6.5 and the first rack 6.4 are oppositely arranged and fixedly connected; the intermittent gear 6.6 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second worm wheel 6.3, gear teeth are arranged on the 180-degree circumferential side surface of the intermittent gear, the intermittent gear 6.6 is alternately meshed and matched with the first rack 6.4 and the second rack 6.5, the rotating stroke of the intermittent gear 6.6 comprises a stroke one and a stroke two, in the stroke one, the gear teeth are meshed with the first rack 6.4 to drive the vertical rod 3.2 to move downwards, and in the stroke two, the gear teeth are meshed with the second rack 6.5 to drive the vertical rod 3.2 to move vertically upwards. In the second stroke, the internal tooth 4.1 of intermittent type ring gear 4 meshes with first gear 5.1 of second gear subassembly 6, drive second gear 6.1 when intermittent type ring gear 4 rotates and rotate, second gear 6.1 drives second worm 6.2 and rotates, second worm 6.2 drives second worm wheel 6.3 and rotates, second worm wheel 6.3 drives intermittent type gear 6.6 and rotates, intermittent type gear 6.6 meshes the cooperation with first rack 6.4 or second rack 6.5 to realize pole setting 3.2, go up and down on the double-layered knife tackle spare 3: specifically, in the step (2) of the tool changing process, the intermittent gear 6.6 is only meshed with the first gear 5.1 and is not meshed with the second rack 6.5, the intermittent gear 6.6 rotates to drive the first rack 6.4 to move downwards, and therefore the first rack 6.4 drives the second rack 6.5 and the upright rod 3.2 to move downwards, namely the tool clamping component 3 moves downwards; in the step (4) of the tool changing process, the intermittent gear 6.6 is only meshed with the second rack 6.5 and is not meshed with the first rack 6.4, the intermittent gear 6.6 rotates in the same direction to drive the second rack 6.5 to move upwards, and therefore the second rack 6.5 drives the first rack 6.4 and the vertical rod 3.2 to move upwards, namely the tool clamping component 3 moves upwards.
As the preferred technical scheme of this embodiment, be provided with annular spout on the terminal surface of intermittent type ring gear 4, fixedly on the frame 1 be provided with arc cover 8, be provided with the smooth arris of arc on the arc cover 8, the smooth arris of arc annular slip sets up in annular spout to realize that intermittent type ring gear 4 rotates relative to frame 1. Further, the driving assembly 7 comprises a servo motor 7.1, the servo motor 7.1 is fixedly installed on the rack 1, a third gear 7.2 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft of the servo motor 7.1 coaxially, a circle of external teeth 7.3 is arranged on the peripheral side face of the intermittent gear ring 4, the third gear 7.2 is meshed with the external teeth 7.3 of the intermittent gear ring 4, the servo motor 7.1 drives the third gear 7.2 to rotate, and the third gear 7.2 is meshed with the external teeth 7.3 to enable the intermittent gear ring 4 to rotate.
As another preferable technical solution of this embodiment, referring to fig. 7, a circular ring coaxial with the intermittent ring gear 4 is rotatably disposed on the frame 1, and a plurality of connecting rods 7.4 are fixedly connected between the circular ring and the intermittent ring gear 4, so as to realize the rotation of the intermittent ring gear 4 relative to the frame 1. Further, drive assembly 7 is including installing servo motor 7.1 in frame 1, and servo motor 7.1's pivot and the coaxial fixed connection of ring, and servo motor 7.1 drive ring rotates, and the ring passes through connecting rod 7.4 and drives intermittent type ring gear 4 and rotate.
As a further preferable technical solution of this embodiment, the driving assembly 7 includes a hydraulic cylinder disposed on the frame 1, an open end of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with a third rack, a circle of external teeth 7.3 is disposed on a peripheral side surface of the intermittent ring gear 4, the third rack is engaged with the external teeth 7.3 of the intermittent ring gear 4, the hydraulic cylinder drives the third rack to move linearly, and the third rack is engaged with the external teeth 7.3 to rotate the intermittent ring gear 4.
In another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 8-12, the clamping head 3.3 includes a notch ring 3.31 and a driving unit, the notch ring 3.31 is rotatably disposed at one end of the cross bar 3.1, and two sides of the notch ring 3.31 are respectively provided with an elastic portion 3.312; the driving unit is used for driving the notch ring 3.31 to rotate back and forth, so that the notch of the notch ring 3.31 can face at least two working positions. Specifically, be provided with arc spout 3.311 on the breach ring 3.31 terminal surface, be provided with the slider 3.11 with arc spout 3.311 looks adaptation on the horizontal pole 3.1 tip, slider 3.11 slides and sets up in arc spout 3.311 to realize that breach ring 3.31 rotates relative horizontal pole 3.1. The purpose of breach ring 3.31's breach both sides are provided with elastic part 3.312 respectively, and the interval of two elastic parts 3.312 is less than the diameter of cutter stalk portion, and when the cutter was held in breach ring 3.31 through breach department, elastic part 3.312 takes place compression deformation to make the cutter stalk portion can pass through the breach smoothly, when the cutter stalk portion enters into breach ring 3.31 inside completely, elastic part 3.312 resumes deformation, thereby with the cutter spacing in breach ring 3.31, the cutter is promptly held. The elastic portion 3.312 is preferably of a rubber construction that is elastically deformable. After the shank of the tool is clamped by the notch ring 3.31, the notch ring 3.31 restricts the axial movement of the tool relative to the tool, and if the notch ring 3.31 is to be separated from the tool, the tool still has to exit the notch ring 3.31 from the notch.
In the above technical solution, the driving unit can drive the notch ring 3.31 to rotate back and forth, so that the notch of the notch ring 3.31 can face at least two working positions, and the notch ring 3.31 can have the functions of clamping and loosening the knife in the process that the cross bar 3.1 rotates only in one direction.
In the working process, in the step (1) of the tool changing process of the previous embodiment, the notch of the notch ring 3.31 faces the tool handle part, the notch ring 3.31 of one clamping head 3.3 clamps the tool on the electric spindle, and the notch ring 3.31 of the other clamping head 3.3 clamps the tool on the tool magazine; in the step (2) of the tool changing process, the tool cannot axially move relative to the notch rings 3.31, so that the tool is separated from the electric spindle and the tool magazine, and in the step (3) of the tool changing process, the positions of the two notch rings 3.31 and the upper tool are exchanged; in the step (4) of the tool changing process, two tools are respectively inserted on the electric spindle and the tool magazine, so that the tool switching between the electric spindle and the tool magazine is realized, the tools are changed for the electric spindle, and the corresponding notch ring 3.31 can be driven to rotate 180 degrees by the driving unit at any time period in the process of clamping the tools by the notch ring 3.31, namely, the notch direction of the notch ring 3.31 is changed by 180 degrees; in the step (5) of the tool changing process, the tool clamping assembly 3 continues to rotate in the same direction and reset to the initial position, and the tool is separated from the notch ring 3.31.
Referring to fig. 13, as a preferred technical solution of the present embodiment, the outer circumferential side surface of the notched ring 3.31 is provided with an outer tooth group 3.5, the end of the crossbar 3.1 is rotatably provided with a gear one 3.6, the gear one 3.6 is engaged with the outer tooth group 3.5, the gear one 3.6 is driven by the driving unit, so that the driving unit drives the gear one 3.6 to rotate, and the gear one 3.6 rotates the notched ring 3.31 by engaging with the outer tooth group 3.5, thereby adjusting the notch orientation of the notched ring 3.31. Preferably, the driving unit comprises a motor, a rotating shaft of the motor is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first gear 3.6, and the motor drives the first gear 3.6 to rotate.
In another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 10-12, the two clamping heads 3.3 share a driving unit, the driving unit includes a linkage assembly 3.4, the linkage assembly 3.4 is used for enabling the gears one 3.6 of the two clamping heads 3.3 to synchronously rotate in the same direction, preferably, the linkage assembly 3.4 includes a chain 3.42 and two chain wheels 3.41, the two chain wheels 3.41 are respectively coaxially and fixedly connected with the gear one 3.6, and the chain 3.42 is sleeved on the two chain wheels 3.41 in a driving manner. Therefore, only one of the gears I3.6 is driven to rotate, and the two gears I3.6 can synchronously rotate in the same direction.
As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the clamping head 3.3 further includes a second gear 3.7, a first arc-shaped rack 3.8 and a second arc-shaped rack 3.9, the second gear 3.7 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first gear 3.6 of any clamping head 3.3, the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 and the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 are fixedly disposed on a fixed base (such as the rack 1), and in the rotating process of the cross bar 3.1, the second gear 3.7 can be respectively engaged with the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 and the second arc-shaped rack 3.9, so that the gap orientation of the gap ring 3.31 is switched between the two working positions. Further, when the cross rod 3.1 rises to the highest position, the second gear 3.7 can be meshed and matched with the first arc-shaped rack 3.8; when the cross rod 3.1 descends to the lowest position, the second gear 3.7 can be meshed and matched with the second arc-shaped rack 3.9.
In this embodiment, the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 corresponds to a local structure of 4.1 circles of internal teeth, the teeth of the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 are on the inner arc side surface thereof, the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 corresponds to a local structure of 7.3 circles of external teeth, the teeth of the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 are on the outer arc side surface thereof, the arc centers of the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 and the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 coincide with the rotation center of the cross bar 3.1, the angle between the projections of the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 and the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 on the horizontal plane is α, and α is greater than 90 ° < α < 180 °. The effect of this embodiment lies in abandoning the initiative driving source (motor or hydraulic stem etc.), but has utilized the intermittent type meshing cooperation between the rotatory in-process gear two 3.7 of double-layered sword subassembly 3 and first arc rack 3.8, the second arc rack 3.9 respectively to make two breach rings 3.31 rotate and adjust the breach orientation passively. The specific working principle is as follows: firstly, the cutter clamping assembly 3 at the initial position is located at the highest position, the notch ring 3.31 and the cutter handle are located at the same height, and the gear II 3.7 and the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 are located at the same height; in the step (1) of the tool changing process, the notch of the notch ring 3.31 faces the handle part of the tool, the notch ring 3.31 of one clamping head 3.3 clamps the tool on the electric spindle, and the notch ring 3.31 of the other clamping head 3.3 clamps the tool on the tool magazine; in the step (2) of the tool changing process, the tool cannot axially move relative to the notch ring 3.31, so that the tool is separated from the electric spindle and the tool magazine, and the second gear 3.7 and the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 are located at the same height; in the step (3) of the tool changing process, the two notched rings 3.31 and the upper tool are exchanged, during the period, the two notched rings 3.7 are transiently meshed when passing through the second arc-shaped rack 3.9, and the second arc-shaped rack 3.9 is fixed, so that the second gear 3.7 rotates, on one hand, the second gear 3.7 drives the first gear 3.6 coaxial with the second gear to rotate, the first gear 3.6 drives the corresponding notched ring 3.31 to rotate 180 degrees, the notch orientation of the notched ring 3.31 is changed by 180 degrees, on the other hand, the second gear 3.7 drives the other gear 3.6 to rotate through the linkage component 3.4, the first gear 3.6 drives the corresponding notched ring 3.31 to rotate 180 degrees, the notch orientation of the notched ring 3.31 is changed by 180 degrees, and therefore the notches of the two notched rings 3.31 are adjusted by 180 degrees; in the step (4) of the tool changing process, the added assembly drives two tools to be respectively inserted upwards onto the electric spindle and the tool magazine, so that the tool switching between the electric spindle and the tool magazine is realized, and the tools are replaced for the electric spindle; in the step (2) of the tool changing process, the tool clamping assembly 3 continues to rotate in the same direction and reset to the initial position, the tool is separated from the notch ring 3.31, the second gear 3.7 is temporarily meshed with the first gear 3.8 when passing through the first arc-shaped rack, and the first arc-shaped rack 3.8 is fixed, so that the second gear 3.7 rotates in the reverse direction (relative to the rotation direction of the second gear 3.7 when passing through the second arc-shaped rack 3.9), on one hand, the second gear 3.7 drives the first gear 3.6 coaxial with the second gear to rotate in the reverse direction, the first gear 3.6 drives the corresponding notch ring 3.31 to rotate in the reverse direction by 180 degrees, the direction of the notch ring 3.31 is changed by 180 degrees, on the other hand, the second gear 3.7 drives the other gear 3.6 to rotate in the reverse direction through the linkage assembly 3.4, the first gear 3.6 drives the corresponding notch ring 3.31 to rotate in the reverse direction by 180 degrees, the direction of the notch ring 3.31 is changed by 180 degrees, and thus the direction of the notches of the two notch rings 3.31 are both adjusted to reset in 180 degrees, thereby enabling the notched ring 3.31 to be smoothly disengaged from the tool without changing the rotational direction of the clamping knife assembly 3.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tool changing mechanism for changing a tool between a motorized spindle and a tool magazine, comprising:
a frame;
the sleeve is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the rack;
the cutter clamping assembly comprises a cross rod and an upright rod which are vertically arranged, two ends of the cross rod are respectively provided with a clamping head for clamping a cutter, and the upright rod is vertically and slidably arranged on the sleeve;
the intermittent gear ring is rotationally arranged on the rack, internal teeth are arranged on the 180-degree inner peripheral side surface of the intermittent gear ring, the rotational stroke of the intermittent gear ring comprises a first stroke and a second stroke, the internal teeth are meshed with the first gear assembly to drive the vertical rod to rotate in the first stroke, and the internal teeth are meshed with the second gear assembly to drive the vertical rod to vertically slide in the second stroke;
and the driving assembly is used for driving the intermittent gear ring to rotate.
2. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein when the tool is changed, the first gear is firstly meshed with the middle of a group of internal teeth of the intermittent gear ring, the cross rod of the tool clamping assembly is positioned on a straight line perpendicular to a connecting line between the tool magazine and the electric spindle, and the intermittent gear ring sequentially comprises the following steps in the process of rotating along the same direction:
the intermittent gear ring rotates 90 degrees, the internal teeth are only meshed with the first gear assembly, and the first gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to rotate 90 degrees so that the two clamping heads respectively clamp the cutters on the tool magazine and the electric spindle;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 180 degrees, the inner teeth are only meshed with the second gear assembly, and the second gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to move downwards so that the cutter clamped by the two clamping heads is separated from the tool magazine and the electric spindle;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 180 degrees, the internal teeth are only meshed with the first gear assembly, and the first gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to rotate 180 degrees so as to enable the two clamping heads and the clamped cutter to exchange positions;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 180 degrees, the inner teeth are only meshed with the second gear assembly, and the second gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to move upwards so that the cutters clamped by the two clamping heads are inserted into the tool magazine and the electric spindle;
the intermittent gear ring rotates 90 degrees, the internal teeth are only meshed with the first gear assembly, and the first gear assembly drives the cutter clamping assembly to rotate 90 degrees so that the two clamping heads are respectively separated from the tool magazine and the tool on the electric spindle.
3. A tool changing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first gear assembly comprises:
the first gear is rotatably arranged on the rack;
the first worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first gear;
and the first worm wheel is coaxially and fixedly connected to the sleeve and meshed with the first worm.
4. A tool changing mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the second transmission member comprises:
the second gear is rotatably arranged on the rack;
the second worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second gear;
the second worm wheel is rotationally connected to the rack and meshed with the second worm;
the first rack is rotationally connected to the vertical rod;
the second rack is vertically and slidably arranged on the rack, and the second rack and the first rack are oppositely arranged and fixedly connected;
the intermittent gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second worm gear, gear teeth are arranged on the 180-degree circumferential side surface of the intermittent gear, the intermittent gear is alternately meshed with the first rack and the second rack in a matched mode, the rotating stroke of the intermittent gear comprises a first stroke and a second stroke, the gear teeth are meshed with the first rack in the first stroke to drive the vertical rod to move downwards, and the gear teeth are meshed with the second rack in the second stroke to drive the vertical rod to move vertically upwards.
5. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein an annular sliding groove is formed in an end face of the intermittent gear ring, an arc-shaped sleeve is fixedly arranged on the rack, an arc-shaped sliding edge is arranged on the arc-shaped sleeve, and the arc-shaped sliding edge is annularly and slidably arranged in the annular sliding groove.
6. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the driving assembly comprises a servo motor, the servo motor is fixedly mounted on the frame, a third gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to a rotating shaft of the servo motor, a circle of external teeth is arranged on the peripheral side surface of the intermittent gear ring, and the third gear is meshed with the external teeth of the intermittent gear ring.
7. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a ring coaxial with the intermittent gear ring is rotatably arranged on the frame, and a plurality of connecting rods are fixedly connected between the ring and the intermittent gear ring.
8. The tool changing mechanism of claim 7 wherein the drive assembly comprises a servo motor mounted on the frame, the shaft of the servo motor being fixedly connected coaxially with the ring.
9. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the driving assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder arranged on the frame, a third rack is fixedly connected to an open end of a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, a circle of external teeth are arranged on the peripheral side surface of the intermittent gear ring, and the third rack is meshed with the external teeth of the intermittent gear ring.
10. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the vertical rod is cylindrical, a straight sliding groove parallel to the axial direction of the vertical rod is formed in the outer peripheral side surface of the vertical rod, a straight sliding edge parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve is formed in the inner peripheral side surface of the sleeve, and the straight sliding edge is slidably connected in the straight sliding groove.
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| CN202210351696.7A CN114536071B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Tool changing mechanism |
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| CN202210351696.7A CN114536071B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Tool changing mechanism |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114571273A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-03 | 意特利（滁州）智能数控科技有限公司 | Cutter clamping assembly and cutter changing mechanism |
| CN114799237A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 意特利（滁州）智能数控科技有限公司 | Electric spindle and numerical control machine tool |
| CN115351577A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-18 | 南京鑫科玛数控机床有限公司 | High-stability spindle self-service tool loosening mechanism for tool changing of manipulator tool magazine |
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| CN114571273A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-03 | 意特利（滁州）智能数控科技有限公司 | Cutter clamping assembly and cutter changing mechanism |
| CN114571273B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-12-06 | 意特利（滁州）智能数控科技有限公司 | Press from both sides sword subassembly and tool changing mechanism |
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| CN115351577A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-18 | 南京鑫科玛数控机床有限公司 | High-stability spindle self-service tool loosening mechanism for tool changing of manipulator tool magazine |
| CN115351577B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-11-07 | 南京鑫科玛数控机床有限公司 | High-stability spindle self-service tool loosening mechanism for tool changing of manipulator tool magazine |
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