CN114532453A - High-disease-resistance pig feed additive formula and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-disease-resistance pig feed additive formula and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000001287 Guettarda speciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000000604 Chrysanthemum parthenium Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000000802 Leonurus cardiaca ssp. villosus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000009051 Ambrosia paniculata var. peruviana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000003097 Artemisia absinthium Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000049464 Artemisia apiacea Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011570 Artemisia caruifolia var apiacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 240000007164 Salvia officinalis Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000005412 red sage Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000061520 Angelica archangelica Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 240000001851 Artemisia dracunculus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000192528 Chrysanthemum parthenium Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000132619 red sage Species 0.000 description 9
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a high disease resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof, red date, wormwood, corn and soybean meal are respectively cleaned, dried and then placed in a crusher, and crushed materials A are obtained after mixing and crushing; processing the fried red sage root, the angelica, the astragalus and the kudzu root, putting the processed red sage root, the angelica, the astragalus and the kudzu root into a traditional Chinese medicine grinder to be ground to obtain a ground material B; processing the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, amino acid, probiotics for pigs, motherwort and medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive; the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, heated with water, stirred evenly and added into the daily feed of pigs. The preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the incidence of common diseases of pigs can be reduced by matching the Chinese herbal medicines with the probiotics for pigs, and the components of the Chinese herbal medicines and the biological preparation can avoid hormone level disorder in the pigs, enhance emergency response, improve the organism immunity of the pigs and improve the quality of pork.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an additive specially suitable for animals, in particular to a high disease resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Pig feed is typically a feed for domestic pigs consisting of protein feed, energy feed, roughage, greenfeed, silage, mineral feed and feed additives. Classifying according to categories: complete feed, concentrated feed and premix. The complete feed is a mixed batch consisting of four parts, namely protein feed, energy feed, coarse feed and an additive, is a granular feed which is mainly granulated by machine processing and sold on the market, and is an expanded granular feed, so that the complete feed can be directly used for feeding a feeding object and can comprehensively meet the nutritional requirement of the feeding object. The concentrated feed is prepared by premixing a protein raw material and an additive, energy needs to be supplemented when feeding, the concentrated feed has the advantage of convenient use, is suitable for large-scale farmers, particularly farmers who have energy feeds such as corn and the like, and has at least 50 concentrated feeds in the market. The premix is an important component of additive premix feed, and is an intermediate compound feed product prepared by uniformly mixing one or more trace components (including various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain medicaments and other additives) with a diluent or a carrier according to the required proportion.
With the continuous development of the feeding industry, the physical activity of pig raising in the early stage is changed into the breeding work with certain technology. However, due to a lot of quick-acting and additive agents in the market, farmers can easily neglect the whole health condition of the pigs, so that the hormone level in the pigs is disturbed, the emergency response is enhanced, the immune system of the pigs is disturbed, and the normal growth and development and disease resistance of the pigs are influenced. Therefore, a high-disease-resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof are provided to overcome the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-disease-resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a high-disease-resistance pig feed additive formula is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
60-75 parts of red dates;
13-20 parts of artemisia apiacea;
17-20 parts of corn;
17-20 parts of soybean meal;
8-15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza;
5-10 parts of angelica;
2-5 parts of astragalus;
3-8 parts of kudzu roots;
5-10 parts of amino acid;
2-4 parts of probiotics for pigs;
1-3 parts of motherwort;
1-3 parts of medicated leaven.
Preferably, the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
60 parts of red dates;
13 parts of artemisia apiacea;
17 parts of corn;
17 parts of soybean meal;
8 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza;
5 parts of angelica;
2 parts of astragalus;
3 parts of kudzu roots;
5 parts of amino acid;
2 parts of probiotics for pigs;
1 part of motherwort;
medicated leaven 1 part
Preferably, the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of red dates;
20 parts of artemisia apiacea;
20 parts of corn;
20 parts of soybean meal;
15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza;
10 parts of angelica;
5 parts of astragalus;
8 parts of kudzu roots;
10 parts of amino acid;
4 parts of probiotics for pigs;
3 parts of motherwort;
and 3 parts of medicated leaven.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: respectively cleaning red dates, wormwood, corn and bean pulp, drying at 35-50 ℃, putting into a crusher, mixing and crushing to obtain crushed materials A;
step S2: processing the fried salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae, putting the processed salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae into a traditional Chinese medicine crusher, and crushing the processed salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae into 200-mesh powder with a size of 150 meshes to obtain a crushed material B;
step S3: processing the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, amino acid, probiotics for pigs, motherwort and medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive;
step S4: the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, heated with water, stirred evenly and added into the daily feed of pigs.
Further, the preparation method of the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula comprises the following steps: the amino acid is one or more of threonine, methionine, arginine and glutamic acid.
Further, the preparation method of the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula comprises the following steps: and in the step S2, screening, cleaning, sterilizing at low temperature, drying and granulating the fried salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae.
Further, the preparation method of the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula comprises the following steps: and in the step S3, fully mixing the crushed material A, the crushed material B, the amino acid, the probiotics for pigs, the motherwort and the medicated leaven, and sieving the mixture by a sieve of 80 to 100 meshes.
Further, the preparation method of the high disease resistance pig feed additive formula comprises the following steps: in the step S4, warm water at 35-45 ℃ which is 5-10 times of the amount of 50g of the additive is added into each kilogram of feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the formula of the high-disease-resistance pig feed additive and the preparation method thereof are simple, the cost is low, the incidence of common diseases of pigs can be reduced by matching the Chinese herbal medicines with the probiotics for pigs, and the components of the whole Chinese herbal medicines and the biological preparation avoid hormone level disorder in the pigs, enhance emergency response, improve the organism immunity of the pigs and improve the quality of pork.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
A high disease resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) respectively cleaning 60 parts of red dates, 13 parts of artemisia apiacea, 17 parts of corns and 17 parts of bean pulp, drying at 35 ℃, putting into a crusher, mixing and crushing to obtain crushed materials A;
(2) screening 8 parts of fried salvia miltiorrhiza, 5 parts of angelica, 2 parts of astragalus and 3 parts of kudzuvine root, cleaning, sterilizing at low temperature, drying, granulating, putting into a traditional Chinese medicine grinder, and grinding to 150 meshes to obtain a ground material B;
(3) processing the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, 5 parts of amino acid, 2 parts of probiotics for pigs, 1 part of motherwort and 1 part of medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive;
(4) the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, 5 times of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ is added, the mixture is evenly stirred and added into the daily feed of the pigs.
Specific example 2
A high disease resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) respectively cleaning 65 parts of red dates, 15 parts of sweet wormwood herb, 18 parts of corn and 18 parts of bean pulp, drying at 38 ℃, putting into a crusher, and mixing and crushing to obtain crushed materials A;
(2) screening, cleaning, sterilizing at low temperature, drying and granulating the fried red sage root 12 parts, the angelica 7 parts, the astragalus 3 parts and the kudzu root 5 parts, putting the materials into a traditional Chinese medicine grinder and grinding the materials into 160 meshes to obtain a ground material B;
(3) processing the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, 6 parts of amino acid, 3 parts of probiotics for pigs, 2 parts of motherwort and 2 parts of medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive;
(4) the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, warm water with the temperature of 6 times of 38 ℃ is added, the mixture is evenly stirred and added into the daily feed of the pigs.
Specific example 3
A high disease resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) respectively cleaning 70 parts of red dates, 18 parts of artemisia apiacea, 19 parts of corns and 19 parts of bean pulp, drying at 45 ℃, putting into a crusher, and mixing and crushing to obtain crushed materials A;
(2) screening, cleaning, sterilizing at low temperature, drying and granulating 12 parts of fried salvia miltiorrhiza, 8 parts of angelica, 4 parts of astragalus and 6 parts of kudzuvine root, putting the materials into a traditional Chinese medicine crusher together, and crushing into 180 meshes to obtain crushed materials B;
(3) processing the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, 8 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of probiotics for pigs, 3 parts of motherwort and 3 parts of medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive;
(4) the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, 8 times of warm water with the temperature of 42 ℃ is added, the mixture is evenly stirred and added into the daily feed of the pigs.
Specific example 4
A high disease resistance pig feed additive formula and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) respectively cleaning 75 parts of red dates, 20 parts of artemisia apiacea, 20 parts of corns and 20 parts of bean pulp, drying at 50 ℃, putting into a crusher, and mixing and crushing to obtain crushed materials A;
(2) screening, cleaning, sterilizing at low temperature, drying and granulating 15 parts of fried red sage root, 10 parts of angelica, 5 parts of astragalus and 8 parts of kudzu root, putting the materials into a traditional Chinese medicine crusher together, and crushing into 200 meshes to obtain crushed material B;
(3) treating the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, 10 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of probiotics for pigs, 3 parts of motherwort and 3 parts of medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive;
(4) the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, 10 times of warm water with the temperature of 45 ℃ is added, the mixture is evenly stirred and added into the daily feed of the pigs.
The preparation method is simple and low in cost, the incidence of common diseases of pigs can be reduced by matching the Chinese herbal medicines with the probiotics for pigs, and the components of the whole Chinese herbal medicines and the biological preparation avoid hormone level disorder in the pigs, enhance emergency response, improve the organism immunity of the pigs and improve the quality of pork.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those of skill in the art from the description herein.
Claims (8)
1. The high-disease-resistance pig feed additive formula is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
60-75 parts of red dates;
13-20 parts of artemisia apiacea;
17-20 parts of corn;
17-20 parts of soybean meal;
8-15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza;
5-10 parts of angelica;
2-5 parts of astragalus;
3-8 parts of kudzu roots;
5-10 parts of amino acid;
2-4 parts of probiotics for pigs;
1-3 parts of motherwort;
1-3 parts of medicated leaven.
2. The high disease resistance pig feed additive formulation according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
60 parts of red dates;
13 parts of artemisia apiacea;
17 parts of corn;
17 parts of soybean meal;
8 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza;
5 parts of angelica;
2 parts of astragalus;
3 parts of kudzu roots;
5 parts of amino acid;
2 parts of probiotics for pigs;
1 part of motherwort;
and 1 part of medicated leaven.
3. The high disease resistance pig feed additive formulation according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of red dates;
20 parts of artemisia apiacea;
20 parts of corn;
20 parts of soybean meal;
15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza;
10 parts of angelica;
5 parts of astragalus;
8 parts of kudzu roots;
10 parts of amino acid;
4 parts of probiotics for pigs;
3 parts of motherwort;
and 3 parts of medicated leaven.
4. The method for preparing the high disease resistance pig feed additive formulation according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, comprising the steps of:
step S1: respectively cleaning red dates, wormwood, corn and bean pulp, drying at 35-50 ℃, putting into a crusher, mixing and crushing to obtain crushed materials A;
step S2: processing the fried salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae, putting the processed salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae into a traditional Chinese medicine crusher, and crushing the processed salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and radix puerariae into 200-mesh powder with a size of 150 meshes to obtain a crushed material B;
step S3: processing the medium crushed material A, the crushed material B, amino acid, probiotics for pigs, motherwort and medicated leaven, mixing and crushing uniformly to obtain a pig feed additive;
step S4: the usage amount is that 50g of additive is mixed in per kilogram of feed, heated with water, stirred evenly and added into the daily feed of pigs.
5. The preparation method of the pig feed additive formula with high disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the amino acid is one or more of threonine, methionine, arginine and glutamic acid.
6. The method for preparing the pig feed additive formula with high disease resistance according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and S2, screening, cleaning, sterilizing at low temperature, drying and granulating the fried salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, astragalus and kudzuvine root.
7. The preparation method of the pig feed additive formula with high disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and in the step S3, fully mixing the crushed material A, the crushed material B, the amino acid, the probiotics for pigs, the motherwort and the medicated leaven, and sieving the mixture by a sieve of 80 to 100 meshes.
8. The preparation method of the pig feed additive formula with high disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, warm water with the temperature of 35-45 ℃ which is 5-10 times of the amount of 50g of the additive is added into each kilogram of the feed.
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Citations (3)
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CN106135710A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2016-11-23 | 胡云龙 | A kind of pig feed additive strengthening immunity and preparation method |
CN106509425A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-03-22 | 湖北华扬科技发展有限公司 | Pig feed additive with effects of effective skin color improving, effective clothing hair condition improving, and growth promoting |
CN107712363A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-02-23 | 贵州大兴农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of pig feed for improving meat and preparation method thereof |
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2021
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106135710A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2016-11-23 | 胡云龙 | A kind of pig feed additive strengthening immunity and preparation method |
CN106509425A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-03-22 | 湖北华扬科技发展有限公司 | Pig feed additive with effects of effective skin color improving, effective clothing hair condition improving, and growth promoting |
CN107712363A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-02-23 | 贵州大兴农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of pig feed for improving meat and preparation method thereof |
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