CN114531175B - Power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation - Google Patents
Power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation, which comprises the following steps: step one: establishing a transmission matrix of a network; step two: acquiring a given network topology structure and related network parameters, calculating channel voltage transmission characteristics of a main channel and each associated sub-channel, and calculating channel input impedance characteristics; step three: calculating channel correlation coefficients between sub-channels and main channelsThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step four: calculating the channel voltage transmission characteristic of the whole network and the input impedance characteristic of the network; step five: obtaining a model of channel voltage transmission characteristics and input impedance characteristics; step six: analyzing a model of channel voltage transmission characteristics and input impedance characteristics; the method is accurate and has high reliability, and the defect that the influence research on the power line communication carrier performance by the related power grid structure and network parameters is less at present is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power line communication, in particular to a power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation.
Background
The power line communication technology (Power Line Communication, PLC) uses a power line as a medium, and couples a communication signal to the power line for data transmission, and compared with other communication modes, the PLC is widely applied to systems such as power consumption information acquisition, remote meter reading, intelligent home and the like because no additional laying line is needed and the later operation cost is low. With the advancement of smart grids and electric power internet of things, the power line communication technology is undoubtedly getting more and more attention. However, the power line is designed for the purpose of electric energy transmission, the channel characteristics of the power line are seriously affected by time and frequency, in addition, the topology structure of the power distribution network is complex and changeable, the carrier performance of the power line communication can be affected by random switching-in and switching-out of a load, the action of a switching device and the like, and in general, the power line communication channel has the characteristics of serious interference, large time variability, bad working environment and the like, so that the research on the communication characteristics of the power line channel is particularly important.
The main obstacle faced by the current power line channel is the problem of frequency selective fading of the signal, and the main reason for this phenomenon is impedance mismatch at the crossing nodes in the network and the branching structure carried on the line, and the like, and the mismatch of the impedance is often caused by the change of the topological structure of the system, so that the influence of the change of the length of the line, the branching along the line and the load along the line on the communication characteristics of the channel is particularly critical.
The establishment of an accurate channel model is a precondition for developing the study of the communication characteristics of the power line channel, and the modeling method of the power line channel can be divided into a top-down method and a bottom-up method according to the acquisition method of model parameters. The main idea of the top-down method is to consider the power line channel as a 'black box', and not considering the internal structural characteristics of the network, and simulate the frequency response of the carrier channel by utilizing a multipath model to simulate a determined parameter function, wherein the theoretical basis is the multipath effect of signal transmission, but the channel model is a nonlinear model and the acquisition of model parameters is difficult. The modeling method combines the theory of the transmission line from bottom to top, calculates the expression of the channel frequency response by utilizing the related theory of the transmission line from the basic physical parameters such as the characteristics, the length, the impedance of the load and the like of each section of the power line, and is convenient for analyzing various parameters and the rule of influence which can influence the communication characteristics of the channel in the network although the calculation amount is large.
At present, the influence rule research of the topology of the distribution network and network parameters on the communication characteristics of the power line channel is less, and the multipath effect and the phenomenon of channel frequency selective fading are difficult to reasonably explain from the existing model. In addition, the channels are not isolated, and the problems of electromagnetic coupling and crosstalk between different channels are serious, so that a channel attenuation model between a plurality of nodes needs to be built for testing the link level and the system level performance of the power line communication technology, and the current point-to-point test theory basis is not very accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior point-to-point channel modeling test theoretical basis in the background art and improving the influence result of a network topological structure and related network parameters on the communication characteristics of the power line channel, the invention provides a power line channel communication characteristic analysis method considering channel correlation.
A power line channel communication characteristic influencing factor analysis method considering channel correlation, the method comprising:
step one: establishing a transmission matrix of the network, wherein the transmission matrix parameter T is as follows:
wherein,
wherein T is s A transmission matrix for a power supply end; t (T) p For the transmission matrix of the P-th power line, p=1, 2, …, P, Z cp And gamma cp Characteristic impedance and propagation constant, l, of the p-th section power line respectively p For the length of the p-th section power line, T bm An equivalent transmission matrix for all branch lines connected to node m; n is the total number of branches at node m, and the equivalent impedance of the nth branch line at the mth node is:
wherein Z is cbmn And gamma bmn Characteristic impedance and propagation constant, d, respectively, of the nth branch line at node m mn The length of the nth branch line on the node m;
step two: acquiring a given network topology structure and related network parameters, calculating channel voltage transmission characteristics of a main channel and each associated sub-channel, and calculating channel input impedance characteristics;
wherein: z is Z L Z is the line end load impedance s Is the internal impedance of the signal source, T 11 、T 12 、T 21 、T 22 Is a transmission matrix parameter of the network;
step three: calculating a channel correlation coefficient rho between the sub-channel and the main channel;
wherein: ρ is the correlation coefficient and,<·>representing the frequency domain average of the signal transfer function, * representing complex conjugate operations;
step four: calculating the channel voltage transmission characteristic of the whole network and the input impedance characteristic of the network based on the correlation coefficient between the channels;
wherein: n is the number of sub-channels, H s,t (f) Is the voltage transmission characteristic of the main channel ρ i,(s,t) H is the channel correlation coefficient between the ith sub-channel and the main channel i (f) For the ith sub-channel voltage transfer characteristic, Z in(s,t) (f) Is the input impedance characteristic expression of the main channel, Z in(i) (f) An input impedance characteristic expression for the i-th sub-channel;
step five:
inputting a network topological structure and related network parameters and factors into simulation software, writing mathematical expressions of channel voltage transmission characteristics and input impedance characteristics into the simulation software for carrying out, and obtaining a model of the channel voltage transmission characteristics and the input impedance characteristics by changing the network topological structure and the related network parameters and factors;
step six: and analyzing the model of the channel voltage transmission characteristic and the input impedance characteristic to obtain the influence result of the change of the network topology structure and related network parameters and factors on the power line channel voltage transmission characteristic and the network input impedance characteristic.
The further improvement of the scheme is that: the network topology and related network parameters include signal receiving and transmitting nodes, signal source voltage, signal source internal resistance, power line length, branch network type, branch line length, branch line load impedance and line end impedance.
The further improvement of the scheme is that: the main channel is a path from the source end node s to the receiving end node t directly, and the sub-channels are other paths related to the source end node s and the end node t.
The further improvement of the scheme is that: the factors include trunk length, branch length, along-line branch load impedance and impedance type, the number of branch lines for a single-node connection, and the number of branch lines for a multi-node connection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can establish an accurate channel model, obtain the influence rule of the topology of the distribution network and network parameters on the communication characteristics of the power line channel, and reasonably explain the multipath effect and the selective fading phenomenon of the channel frequency in the model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a multi-node powerline network topology model of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simple network topology of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of trunk line length on voltage amplitude-frequency characteristics for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of trunk line length on network input impedance for an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of branch length along a line on voltage amplitude versus frequency characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph of the effect on network input impedance along the branch length of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for analyzing power line channel communication characteristic influence factors by considering channel correlation, and a specific flow is shown in fig. 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a given network topology structure and related network parameters, and calculating mathematical expressions of channel voltage transmission characteristics and channel input impedance characteristics of a main channel and each associated sub-channel;
step 2: calculating a channel correlation coefficient rho between the sub-channel and the main channel;
step 3: based on the correlation coefficient between channels, the channel voltage transmission characteristic and the input impedance characteristic of the whole network are represented;
step 4: and changing a network topology structure and related network parameters, and analyzing the influence rules of the change of various factors on the voltage transmission characteristics of the power line channel and the network input impedance characteristics by utilizing Matlab.
The channel model based on the transmission line theory can be known to consider the power line transmission network as a transmission matrix or a scattering matrix, so as to predict the power line channel characteristics of the power line transmission network, wherein the transmission matrix is related to the voltage and the current of a transmitting end and a receiving end in the two-port network, and the scattering matrix describes the relationship between an incident wave and a reflected wave. Taking the multi-node powerline network topology model shown in fig. 2 as an example, the transmission matrix is selected to describe the network, so that an expression can be obtained:
where l is the length of the power line, U 1 And I 1 U is the voltage and current of the transmitting end 2 And I 2 Gamma and Z are the voltage and current at the receiving end c The propagation constant and the characteristic impedance of the line, respectively. Wherein,
where ω is the angular frequency and R, L, G, C is the resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance values per unit length of the transmission line, respectively.
The actual power line has many nodes, and each node may also be accompanied by branches of different lengths, so that a transmission network formed by cascading partial networks is formed, and the network transmission matrix at this time is the product of the transmission matrices of each partial network. Taking the transmission network consisting of P segments of power lines as shown in fig. 2 as an example, there are M nodes, m=p-1, each node is accompanied by N branches, Z bmn For the N-th branch N (n=1, 2, … N), Z s And Z L The load impedances of the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively. The transmission matrix of the whole network is then:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Wherein T is s A transmission matrix for a power supply end; t (T) p For the transmission matrix of the P-th power line, p=1, 2, …, P, Z cp And gamma cp Characteristic impedance and propagation constant, l, of the p-th section power line respectively p For the length of the p-th section power line, T bm An equivalent transmission matrix for all branch lines connected to node m; n is the total number of branches at node m, and the equivalent impedance of the nth branch line at the mth node is:
wherein Z is cbmn And gamma bmn Characteristic impedance and propagation constant, d, respectively, of the nth branch line at node m mn Is the length of the nth branch line at node m.
By using the above network transmission matrix calculation method, no matter how complex the network is, the channel voltage transmission characteristic and the input impedance characteristic expression of the whole network can be obtained by calculating the cascade of the transmission matrices of each single-node network:
wherein Z is s For the load impedance of the transmitting end, Z L Is the load impedance at the receiving end.
For the traditional point-to-point channel model, a mathematical model of a power line channel can be established based on the modeling method, however, the channels are not isolated, and the electromagnetic coupling and crosstalk problems between different channels are serious, so that the test of the link level and the system level performance of the power line communication technology needs to construct a channel attenuation model between a plurality of nodes, taking a simple network topology as shown in fig. 3 as an example, a signal is sent out by a source segment node s, and a plurality of signal propagation paths exist in the process of reaching a receiving node t. For example, s.fwdarw.t, s.fwdarw.A.fwdarw.t, s.fwdarw.C.fwdarw.t, s.fwdarw.A.fwdarw.C.fwdarw.t, s.fwdarw.C.fwdarw.A.fwdarw.C.fwdarw.t, etc. The s- > t is the main path, and the expression of the channel voltage transmission characteristic and the input impedance characteristic can be obtained under the condition of given system topology and network parameters. Wherein:
wherein Z is L Z is the line end load impedance S Is the internal impedance of the signal source, T 11 、T 12 、T 21 、T 22 The matrix element obtained by the formula (4).
Considering the sub-channel formed by the reflection of the signal by the network node, such as sub-channel s→A, in this case, node A can be regarded as the receiving node of the signal, node B and node t can be regarded as the branch nodes of the line, and the voltage transmission characteristic H of the sub-channel can be obtained by applying the methods of the formulas (1) to (10) s,A (f) Z is as follows ins,A (f) Is a function of the equation (c).
Electromagnetic coupling and crosstalk are caused among different channels of a power line, but the strength of correlation action among different channels is different, and the correlation characteristics among the channels can be characterized by a correlation coefficient rho of two complex random variables in a mathematical sense. Wherein:
wherein,<·>representing the frequency domain average of the signal transfer function, * representing a complex conjugate operation.
ρ represents the strength of the correlation between the two channels, i.e. the magnitude of the degree of interaction between the two channels, so that after considering the influence between the channels, the frequency response of the channel characteristics of the signal from the source node s to the sink node t is:
H(f)＝H s,t +ρ (s,A),(s,t) ·H s,A +ρ (A,t),(s,t) ·H A,t +ρ (s,B),(s,t) ·H s,B +ρ (B,t),(s,t) ·H B,t (14)
Z in (f)＝Z s,t +ρ (s,A),(s,t) ·Z s,A +ρ (A,t),(s,t) ·Z A,t +ρ (s,B),(s,t) ·Z s,B +ρ (B,t),(s,t) ·Z B,t (15)
by using the method for analyzing the communication characteristics of the power line channel in consideration of the correlation between channels, the length of the main line, the length of the branches along the lines, the load impedance and the load type of the branches along the lines, the number of branches connected by a single node and the number of branches condensed by multiple nodes are respectively changed, and the simulation software of the embodiment can obtain the rule of influence of different factors of the frequency of the signal source on the communication characteristics of the power line channel in the range of 2-30 MHz by Matlab simulation analysis.
The matlab program is used as follows:
clearing matlab memory space;
setting the frequency range of the simulation signal to be f=2:100:30000000 and the broadband frequency range to be 2-30 MHz by setting the values of the power line distribution parameters and the values of the main line length, the line end impedance, the branch line length and the branch line load impedance;
establishing and inputting mathematical expressions of channel voltage transmission characteristics and input impedance characteristics;
keeping other parameters unchanged, sequentially changing the length value of the main line, and running a program;
drawing a graph to obtain a graph of influence of the change of the length of the main line on the channel voltage transmission characteristic and the input impedance characteristic;
repeating the above steps;
keeping other parameters unchanged, sequentially changing the length of the branch line, and running the program;
graphs are drawn to obtain graphs of the influence of the change in the branch line length on the channel voltage transmission characteristics and the input impedance characteristics, and fig. 4 to 7 are obtained.
Fig. 4 and 5 show the effect of the change in the length of the main line on the communication characteristics of the power line channel. As can be seen from fig. 4, the positions of the attenuation peaks and the attenuation valleys corresponding to the signal attenuation are unchanged by increasing the length of the main line, and at the same time, the amplitude at the peaks and the valleys is less affected by the length of the main line. As can be seen from fig. 5, the change rule of the input impedance characteristic of the network is more complex with the gradual increase of the length of the main line, but comparing fig. 4 and 5 can find that the value of the input impedance of the network is not changed at the attenuation peak frequency corresponding to the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the voltage.
Fig. 6 and 7 are the results of the effect of a change in the length of a leg along the line on the power line channel communication characteristics. As can be seen from fig. 6, the variation of the branch length along the line does not substantially affect the peak-to-valley value of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the voltage, but the number of attenuation peaks and valleys in the same signal source frequency band increases with the increase of the branch length, which indicates that the increase of the branch length aggravates the frequency selective fading of the signal. As can be seen by comparing fig. 6 and fig. 7, the value of the network input impedance also remains unchanged at the frequency of the decay peak corresponding to the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the channel voltage.
Example 2
The simulation software of the embodiment can utilize C++ simulation analysis to obtain the rule of influence of different factors of the signal source frequency in the range of 2-30 MHz on the communication characteristics of the power line channel.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the application scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and the simulation software used in the present invention is a process and programmable with mathematical modeling, and similar simulation software can be used.
Claims (3)
1. A power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation, the method comprising:
step one: establishing a transmission matrix of the network, wherein the transmission matrix parameter T is as follows:
wherein,
wherein T is s A transmission matrix for a power supply end; t (T) p For the transmission matrix of the P-th power line, p=1, 2, …, P, Z cp And gamma cp Characteristic impedance and propagation constant, l, of the p-th section power line respectively p For the length of the p-th section power line, T bm An equivalent transmission matrix for all branch lines connected to node m; n is the total number of branches at node m, and the equivalent impedance of the nth branch line at the mth node is:
wherein Z is cbmn And gamma bmn Characteristic impedance and propagation constant, d, respectively, of the nth branch line at node m mn The length of the nth branch line on the node m;
step two: acquiring a given network topology structure and related network parameters, calculating channel voltage transmission characteristics of a main channel and each associated sub-channel, and calculating channel input impedance characteristics;
wherein: z is Z L Z is the line end load impedance s Is the internal impedance of the signal source, T 11 、T 12 、T 21 、T 22 Is a transmission matrix parameter of the network;
the main channel is a path for a signal source to directly reach a receiving end node t from a source end node s, and the sub-channels are other paths related to the source end node s and an end node t;
step three: calculating a channel correlation coefficient rho between the sub-channel and the main channel;
wherein: ρ is a correlation coefficient, < - > represents the frequency domain average of the signal transfer function, < - > represents the complex conjugate operation;
step four: calculating the channel voltage transmission characteristic of the whole network and the input impedance characteristic of the network based on the correlation coefficient between the channels;
wherein: n is the number of sub-channels, H s,t (f) Is the voltage transmission characteristic of the main channel ρ i,(s,t) H is the channel correlation coefficient between the ith sub-channel and the main channel i (f) For the ith sub-channel voltage transfer characteristic, Z in(s,t) (f) Is the input impedance characteristic expression of the main channel, Z in(i) (f) An input impedance characteristic expression for the i-th sub-channel;
step five:
inputting a network topological structure and related network parameters and factors into simulation software, writing mathematical expressions of channel voltage transmission characteristics and input impedance characteristics into the simulation software for carrying out, and obtaining a model of the channel voltage transmission characteristics and the input impedance characteristics by changing the network topological structure and the related network parameters and factors;
step six: and analyzing the model of the channel voltage transmission characteristic and the input impedance characteristic to obtain the influence result of the change of the network topology structure and related network parameters and factors on the power line channel voltage transmission characteristic and the network input impedance characteristic.
2. The power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the network topology and related network parameters include signal receiving and transmitting nodes, signal source voltage, signal source internal resistance, power line length, branch network type, branch line length, branch line load impedance and line end impedance.
3. The power line channel communication characteristic influence factor analysis method considering channel correlation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the factors include trunk length, branch length, along-line branch load impedance and impedance type, the number of branch lines for a single-node connection, and the number of branch lines for a multi-node connection.
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