CN114530656A - Preparation method of high DN (DN) value electrolyte applied to lithium-gas battery and electrolyte - Google Patents

Preparation method of high DN (DN) value electrolyte applied to lithium-gas battery and electrolyte Download PDF

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CN114530656A
CN114530656A CN202210119247.XA CN202210119247A CN114530656A CN 114530656 A CN114530656 A CN 114530656A CN 202210119247 A CN202210119247 A CN 202210119247A CN 114530656 A CN114530656 A CN 114530656A
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lithium
electrolyte
solution
gas battery
value
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陈昱霖
杨芳凝
苏哓倩
米娟
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CETC 18 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of high DN value electrolyte applied to a lithium-gas battery, which comprises the following steps: s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution; s2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor trifluorophenylborane to obtain a second solution; s3: and adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain the finished electrolyte. The electrolyte with a high DN value has higher cation binding capacity, can effectively increase the solubility of reaction products of the lithium-gas battery, and further reduces the passivation of active sites on a reaction medium, thereby effectively improving the actual specific energy of the lithium-gas battery. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, convenience and quickness, and the prepared electrolyte has excellent electrical property in the aspect of lithium-gas batteries.

Description

Preparation method of high DN (DN) value electrolyte applied to lithium-gas battery and electrolyte
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium-gas batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high DN value electrolyte applied to a lithium-gas battery and the electrolyte.
Background
At present, energy systems with high energy density are playing an increasing role in the storage of renewable energy sources from electric vehicles to wind, solar, etc. Among these, the lithium-gas battery has an extremely high energy density, and theoretically, the lithium-gas battery has a theoretical specific energy of 11140Wh/kg, whereas the lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery can realize a theoretical specific energy of more than 2300 Wh/kg.
However, the actual specific energy of the lithium-gas battery is far lower than the theoretical specific energy at present, because the reaction product gradually passivates the active sites of the reaction medium as the reaction proceeds, preventing the reaction from proceeding completely, and therefore, reducing the degree of passivation of the active sites by the reaction product is an effective means for increasing the actual specific energy of the lithium-gas battery.
High DN (Donor number) values, DN being defined as the negative enthalpy value of the 1:1 adduct of Lewis base with standard Lewis acid SbCl 5 (antimony pentachloride) in a dilute solution of 1, 2-dichloroethane, a non-coordinating solvent whose DN is zero. The units are kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). The DN value is a measure of the ability of the solvent to dissolve cations and lewis acids. The electrolyte with a high DN value has higher cation binding capacity, can effectively increase the solubility of reaction products of the lithium-gas battery, and further reduces the passivation of active sites on a reaction medium, thereby effectively improving the actual specific energy of the lithium-gas battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, along with the reaction of a lithium-gas battery, the reaction product can gradually passivate the active sites of a reaction medium to prevent the reaction from completely proceeding, and the actual specific energy is far lower than the theoretical specific energy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of high DN value electrolyte applied to a lithium-gas battery comprises the following steps:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution;
s2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution;
s3: and adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a finished electrolyte.
Further, in the step S1, the concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 0.8 to 1.2M.
Further, in the step S2, the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) has a concentration of 0.05 to 0.1M.
Further, the volume ratio of the dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1: 4-1: 6.
further, in the step S1, the stirring rotation speed is a first rotation speed, the first rotation speed is 200-400r/min, the stirring time is T1, and T1 is not less than 0.5h and not more than 1 h.
Further, in the step S2, the stirring rotation speed is a second rotation speed, the second rotation speed is 400-600r/min, the stirring time is T2, and T2 is not less than 0.5h and not more than 1 h.
Further, in the step S3, the stirring rotation speed is a third rotation speed, the third rotation speed is 100-200r/min, the stirring time is T3, and T3 is not less than 1h and not more than 2 h.
Further, the lithium perchlorate, the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the anion acceptor tris-pentafluorophenyl borane (TPFPB), and the dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are all ultra-dry grades.
Further, the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all performed in a glove box, and the oxygen concentration and the water concentration of the glove box are all less than 0.01 ppm.
A high DN value electrolyte applied to a lithium-gas battery is prepared by the preparation method of the high DN value electrolyte applied to the lithium-gas battery.
The high DN value electrolyte has higher cation binding capacity, can effectively increase the solubility of a reaction product of the lithium-gas battery, further reduces the passivation of active sites on a reaction medium, and effectively improves the actual specific energy of the lithium-gas battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a high DN number electrolyte at 25 ℃ and 0 ℃ in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a high DN value electrolyte and 1M LiPF in accordance with one embodiment of the invention6-the discharge curve at 25 ℃ after the EC/DMC electrolyte is injected into the lithium-sulphur hexafluoride battery, respectively;
FIG. 3 shows a high DN value electrolyte and 1M LiPF in accordance with one embodiment of the invention6-discharge curve at 25 ℃ after EC/DMC electrolytes have been injected into lithium-gas batteries, respectively;
FIG. 4 shows a high DN value electrolyte and 1M LiPF in accordance with one embodiment of the invention6Injecting EC/DMC electrolyte into the SEM pictures of the positive electrode of the lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery after full discharge; FIG. 4(a) is a 1MLiPF6EC/DMC electrolyte, FIG. 4(b) is a high DN number electrolyte.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte for a lithium-gas battery, including the steps of:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution;
s2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution;
s3: and adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain the finished electrolyte.
Specifically, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is selected as a solvent, so that the DN value and the dielectric constant are high, the passivation of an electrochemical reaction product on an active site can be effectively reduced, the continuous reaction is promoted, and the actual specific energy of the reaction is improved; the lithium perchlorate has extremely high dissociation degree, ensures the sufficient dissociation of lithium ions and ensures the high conductivity of the electrolyte. The anion receptor (TPFPB) is high in AN value, so that the AN value of AN electrolyte system is increased, the dissolution of a reaction product is further promoted, and the passivation degree of AN active site is reduced. The melting point of the electrolyte is further reduced by dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and the application temperature range of the electrolyte system is expanded.
Specifically, lithium perchlorate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) used in the experiment are all ultra-dry grades. The ultra-dry grade is that the water content is lower than 50ppm when packaged, has lower water content, and is used as a very high-purity organic solvent to fully react with lithium ions.
Specifically, steps S1, S2, and S3 are all performed in a glove box, which has an oxygen concentration and a water concentration of less than 0.01ppm, and constitutes a vacuum environment.
Example 1:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution; the first rotating speed is 200r/min, the T1 is 1h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 0.8M.
S2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution; the second rotation speed is 400r/min, T2 is 1h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of TPFPB is 0.05M.
S3: adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a finished electrolyte; the third rotating speed is 100r/min, T3 is 2h until the solution is free from layering phenomenon and clear and transparent, and the volume ratio of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1: 4.
The lithium-gas battery and the lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery are assembled and tested by adopting common experimental battery devices of the lithium-gas battery.
The experimental results are as follows:
the electrolyte with high DN value prepared in the example 1 has lower melting point and still keeps a liquid state at 0 ℃, as shown in figure 1;
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the high DN value electrolyte prepared in example 1 at 25 deg.C and 0 deg.C, from which it can be seen that the electrolyte is in liquid state at 25 deg.C and 0 deg.C.
The electrolyte with the high DN value prepared in the example 1 has excellent electrochemical performance in a lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery, and is compared with the traditional 1MLiPF when the electrolyte is discharged at the current density of 0.5A/g6EC/DMC has a higher specific capacity, as shown in figure 2;
it can be seen from fig. 2 that the high DN electrolyte has a higher specific capacity in the lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery than the conventional electrolyte, mainly because the high DN electrolyte has a high cation binding capacity and can effectively bind Li +, thereby increasing the solubility of LiF, reducing the passivation degree of the active site of the positive electrode, and effectively improving the specific discharge capacity of the lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery.
The high DN number electrolyte prepared in example 1 has excellent electrochemical performance in a lithium-gas battery, and is relatively traditional 1M LiPF when discharged at a current density of 0.25A/g6EC/DMC has a higher specific capacity, as shown in figure 3;
it can be seen from fig. 3 that the high DN electrolyte has a higher specific capacity in the lithium-gas battery than the conventional electrolyte, mainly because the high DN electrolyte can effectively increase the discharging intermediate product LiO2The solubility of (a) in (b) in (c),in turn affecting the final product Li2O2The precipitation mode is mainly changed from a surface adsorption path to a solvent path, so that the passivation degree of active sites is reduced, and the actual specific discharge capacity is improved.
FIG. 4 shows the electrolyte with a high DN value and 1M LiPF prepared in example 16The SEM pictures of the positive electrodes after the EC/DMC electrolyte is respectively injected into the lithium-sulfur hexafluoride battery to be fully discharged show that the crystal size of LiF on the positive electrode sheet corresponding to the electrolyte with the high DN value is compared with that of LiPF6The crystal size of LiF on the positive pole piece of the electrolyte is larger and the distribution is more sparse, and the solubility of the electrolyte with a high DN value to LiF is further proved.
Example 2:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution; the first rotating speed is 350r/min, the T1 is 0.6h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 1M.
S2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution; the second rotation speed is 550r/min, T2 is 1h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of TPFPB is 0.08M.
S3: adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a finished electrolyte; the third rotating speed is 150r/min, the T3 is 1.5h, until the solution is free from layering phenomenon and clear and transparent, and the volume ratio of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1: 5.
Example 3:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution; the first rotating speed is 400r/min, the T1 is 0.7h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 1.2M.
S2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution; the second rotation speed is 600r/min, T2 is 0.5h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of TPFPB is 0.1M.
S3: adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a finished electrolyte; the third rotating speed is 200r/min, T3 is 1h until the solution is free from layering phenomenon and clear and transparent, and the volume ratio of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1: 6.
Example 4:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution; the first rotating speed is 400r/min, the T1 is 0.5h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 1.2M.
S2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution; the second rotation speed is 600r/min, T2 is 0.5h, so that the solution is fully dissolved, the solution is clear and transparent, and the concentration of TPFPB is 0.08M.
S3: adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a finished electrolyte; the third rotation speed is 200r/min, T3 is 1h, until the solution is free from layering phenomenon and clear and transparent, and the volume ratio of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1: 6.
The electrolytes with high DN values prepared in examples 2-4 have the same chemical composition as the electrolyte obtained in example 1, and the physical properties and the electrochemical performance are basically the same.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the high DN value electrolyte effectively improves the DN value and the AN value of AN electrolyte system by selecting a solvent with a high DN value and AN anion receptor, enhances the solubility of the electrolyte system to a discharge product, reduces the passivation degree of AN active site, and simultaneously ensures the high conductivity and the wider temperature application range of the whole system by introducing the high dissociation lithium salt and the DMC.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or the equivalents of such scope and boundary.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a high DN value electrolyte applied to a lithium-gas battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dissolving lithium perchlorate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fully stirring to fully dissolve the lithium perchlorate to obtain a first solution;
s2: adding anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) into the first solution, and fully stirring to fully dissolve the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) to obtain a second solution;
s3: and adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) into the second solution, and fully stirring until the solution is clear and transparent to obtain the finished electrolyte.
2. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
in the step S1, the concentration of lithium perchlorate is 0.8 to 1.2M.
3. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
in the step S2, the concentration of the anion acceptor tris-pentafluorophenyl borane (TPFPB) is 0.05 to 0.1M.
4. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte used for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the volume ratio of the dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1: 4-1: 6.
5. the method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte used for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 1,2 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step S1, the stirring speed is a first speed, the first speed is 200-400r/min, the stirring time is T1, and T1 is not less than 0.5h and not more than 1 h.
6. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte used for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step S2, the stirring speed is a second speed, the second speed is 400-600r/min, the stirring time is T2, and T2 is more than or equal to 0.5h and less than or equal to 1 h.
7. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 1,2, 4 or 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step S3, the stirring speed is a third speed, the third speed is 100-200r/min, the stirring time is T3, and T3 is not less than 1h and not more than 2 h.
8. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 7, wherein:
the lithium perchlorate, the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the anion acceptor Trifluorophenylborane (TPFPB) and the dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are all in ultra-dry grade.
9. The method for preparing a high DN value electrolyte for a lithium-gas battery according to claim 1,2, 4, 6 or 8, wherein:
the steps S1, S2 and S3 are all performed in a glove box, and the oxygen concentration and the water concentration of the glove box are all less than 0.01 ppm.
10. A high DN value electrolyte applied to a lithium-gas battery is characterized in that:
the high DN value electrolyte applied to the lithium-gas battery is prepared by the preparation method of the high DN value electrolyte applied to the lithium-gas battery in any one of claims 1-9.
CN202210119247.XA 2022-02-08 2022-02-08 Preparation method of high DN (DN) value electrolyte applied to lithium-gas battery and electrolyte Pending CN114530656A (en)

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