CN114530228A - Blood glucose prediction method and system based on smoothing and fusion and medical equipment - Google Patents

Blood glucose prediction method and system based on smoothing and fusion and medical equipment Download PDF

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CN114530228A
CN114530228A CN202210109388.3A CN202210109388A CN114530228A CN 114530228 A CN114530228 A CN 114530228A CN 202210109388 A CN202210109388 A CN 202210109388A CN 114530228 A CN114530228 A CN 114530228A
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韦怡婷
刘佳鑫
刘庆
凌永权
温璐宁
陈丹妮
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Abstract

The invention provides a blood sugar prediction method, a system and medical equipment based on smoothing processing and fusion, relating to the technical field of medical equipment, firstly collecting characteristic values of original data, normalizing the characteristic values, smoothing the normalized characteristic values through correlation coefficients to make the relation between the characteristic values and blood sugar measured values more relevant, forming a characteristic matrix as a data set, dividing the characteristic matrix into a training set, a verification set and a test set, combining the characteristic values with different characteristic contribution rates, fusing blood sugar prediction result matrixes obtained by different blood sugar prediction models by using the optimal correlation coefficients to obtain a final blood sugar prediction result, fully considering diet behavior change, reducing the deviation of the diet behavior change on the prediction result, and improving the accuracy of the blood sugar prediction result, wherein the method can be packaged in a system to further form the application of the medical equipment, provides guidance for diabetic patients to adopt self-intervention measures in daily life.

Description

Blood glucose prediction method and system based on smoothing and fusion and medical equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a blood glucose prediction method and system based on smoothing and fusion and a medical device.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, the living style of people is continuously changed, the working intensity is increased, the physical activity is obviously reduced, the life rhythm is accelerated, people are in a stress environment for a long time, the number of people suffering from diabetes is increased rapidly, and the diabetes is changed into epidemic disease from rare disease.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease, and the current medical level cannot eradicate the disease, so that the monitoring of the blood sugar of a diabetic patient is particularly important. The diabetes patients have poor blood sugar regulation capability, and when the ingestion behavior of exogenous carbohydrates is changed, the great fluctuation of blood sugar in vivo can be caused, and the blood sugar fluctuation can cause the damage of body organs and accelerate the occurrence of complications. Therefore, the thinking is brought forward, if the exogenous intake behavior of the diabetic can be positively intervened, the diabetic can be reminded to take carbohydrate in an effective time in time, the method is very important for the diabetic to enjoy normal life, and the blood sugar can be accurately predicted, so that the purpose is realized, and the blood sugar basis is conveniently provided for the diabetic in daily life.
The scheme is based on a random forest algorithm and a neural network prediction algorithm, firstly, energy metabolism parameters of a finger tip of an individual to be measured are measured and sent to a measurement host, the measurement host calls the random forest algorithm to predict the blood sugar category of the energy metabolism parameters of the finger tip of the individual to be measured, and calls a corresponding neural network prediction algorithm to calculate the blood sugar value of the finger tip of the individual to be measured, so that the noninvasive prediction of the blood sugar is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the accuracy of blood sugar prediction is low due to the fact that the conventional blood sugar prediction method cannot adapt to changes of individual eating behaviors, the invention provides a blood sugar prediction method, a blood sugar prediction system and medical equipment based on smoothing processing and fusion, so that the deviation of the individual eating behavior changes to the prediction result is reduced, the accuracy of the blood sugar prediction result is improved, and references are provided for diabetic patients to self-monitor blood sugar levels and adopt self-intervention measures in daily life.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a blood sugar prediction method based on smoothing and fusion comprises the following steps:
s1, determining individual dietary behaviors and a data acquisition time period, acquiring physiological index data of the individual under different dietary behaviors for N times as an original characteristic value, and actually measuring blood sugar values synchronously corresponding to the physiological index data to serve as blood sugar reference values;
s2, forming an original characteristic value matrix based on the original characteristic values, and carrying out normalization processing on the original characteristic values in the original characteristic value matrix to obtain new characteristic values and form a new characteristic value matrix;
s3, calculating a correlation coefficient of the new characteristic value, smoothing the new characteristic value based on the correlation coefficient to obtain a smooth characteristic value, and dividing the smooth characteristic value into a training set, a verification set and a test set;
s4, introducing a random forest model, calculating the characteristic contribution rate of the smooth characteristic values by using the random forest model, sequencing, and selecting the smooth characteristic values with the characteristic contribution rate larger than zero;
s5, selecting and extracting smooth characteristic values ranked at the front e position from the training set to serve as a fixed set, uniformly dividing the remaining smooth characteristic values into f sets, combining the uniformly divided f sets and the e-position smooth characteristic values into a new characteristic vector, and forming f characteristic matrixes;
s6, training a random forest model by using the f feature matrices and blood sugar reference values synchronously corresponding to the f feature matrices to obtain f blood sugar prediction models;
s7, sequentially inputting the verification set into f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
s8, calculating the optimal correlation coefficients of the f blood sugar prediction models based on the first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
and S9, sequentially inputting the test set into the f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a second blood sugar prediction result matrix, and fusing the second blood sugar prediction result matrix by using the optimal correlation coefficient obtained in the S8 to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value.
Preferably, the individual eating behavior of step S1 includes: normal diet, fasting behavior, ketogenic diet, high-sugar diet; the data acquisition period comprises: morning, noon, afternoon and evening; the physiological indicator data of the individual includes: the method comprises the steps that the weight, the blood pressure, the blood fat, the heart rate, the PPG electrocardiosignal and the ECG pulse signal of an individual are taken as original characteristic values reflecting the physiological characteristics of the individual, the physiological index data participate in blood sugar prediction, and N sample data sets are formed by data acquired for N times.
Preferably, the raw eigenvalues are arranged to form an N × K raw eigenvalue matrix:
Figure BDA0003494632070000031
each row in the original eigenvalue matrix represents that each data sample in the N data samples contains K eigenvalues, and a certain column represents the same type eigenvalue of the N data samples and is marked as y; normalizing each y by the formula:
Figure BDA0003494632070000032
wherein y 'represents a new eigenvalue normalized by the eigenvalue of the same type of a certain column representing N data samples, and a new eigenvalue matrix X' is formed after normalization:
Figure BDA0003494632070000033
in order to eliminate the dimensional influence between the indexes, data standardization processing is required to solve the comparability between the data indexes, which is beneficial to ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent blood glucose prediction.
Preferably, the normalized new eigenvalue of the same type of eigenvalue in a certain column representing N data samples is y ', y' e.IRN×1Setting the correlation coefficient of the same type eigenvalue under different data samples in the new eigenvalue matrix X' as w1The column corresponding to y' represents that the smooth characteristic value obtained after the smoothing processing of the characteristic values of the same type of the N data samples is x, and x belongs to the IRN×1Using x ═ y' · w1Smoothing the feature values y' of the same type of the N data samples, wherein the process is as follows:
establishing an objective function:
Figure BDA0003494632070000034
in that
Figure BDA0003494632070000035
At maximum, i.e.:
Figure BDA0003494632070000036
when xTy′Tw1>0，w1 Ty′y′Tw1C is a constant, and the correlation coefficient is solved to w1According to x ═ y' · w1Obtaining the column smooth characteristic value X, repeating the above processes until obtaining the smooth characteristic values of the same type characteristic values represented by all columns in the new characteristic value matrix to form a smooth characteristic value matrix X, wherein the table formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000041
dividing the N smooth sample data sets after the N sample data sets are subjected to smoothing processing into a training set containing a smooth samples, a verification set containing b smooth samples and a test set containing c smooth samples, wherein N is a + b + c.
The characteristic value is smoothed by the correlation coefficient, so that the relationship between the characteristic value and the corresponding blood glucose measured value is more correlated.
Preferably, a total of n decision trees in the random forest model are set, and the importance value of the jth characteristic value in the ith decision tree is calculated, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003494632070000043
an importance value representing the jth smoothed feature value,
Figure BDA0003494632070000044
and expressing the importance value of the jth smooth characteristic value in the ith decision tree, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000045
wherein Ginim、Ginil、GinirRespectively representing the node m, the node l and the node r in the random forest model, wherein the calculation expression of the node r of any one node is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000046
wherein Gini represents the Kini index of the node m in the random forest model; k represents the number of the smooth characteristic values, and K represents the K-th smooth characteristic value calculated currently; p is a radical ofmkRepresenting the kth smooth feature in node m in the random forest modelThe ratio of the values; the expression for the feature contribution ratio of the smoothed feature value is:
Figure BDA0003494632070000047
wherein K represents the number of smooth characteristic values; VIMjRepresenting the contribution of the jth smoothed feature value,
Figure BDA0003494632070000048
representing the sum of the importance of all the smooth feature values;
setting d to represent the number of the smooth characteristic values in each data sample larger than zero, and selecting an original smooth characteristic value matrix X consisting of the d characteristic values to represent as X':
Figure BDA0003494632070000051
preferably, in step S5, the smooth feature value ranked at the top e bit is selected from the training set for extraction, and is characterized as: [ x ] of1，x2，…，xe]The remaining smooth feature values are d-e characterized as [ x ]e+1，…，xd]Equally dividing into f groups of sets, and characterizing as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000052
combining the averaged f-group set and the e-bit smooth feature values into a new feature vector to form f feature matrixes X1，…,Xu,…,XfWherein any one of the feature matrices XuExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000053
feature matrix X1，…，Xu，…，XfEach of which has a entities corresponding synchronouslyThe measured blood glucose level is determined in step S6 using the feature matrix X1，…,Xu,…,XfAnd inputting each feature matrix and a actually measured blood sugar values synchronously corresponding to the feature matrix into the random forest model respectively, wherein each data sample in the feature matrix takes the actual blood sugar value as output and each feature matrix as input, and takes the error between the output and the input as a training target, and when the training target is optimally converged, the random forest model corresponding to each feature matrix is trained to be used as f blood sugar prediction models.
Here, the feature values having different feature contribution rates are combined, and the influence of the feature values on the prediction result is sufficiently considered.
Preferably, in step S7, the verification set includes b data samples, and the process of sequentially inputting the verification set into the f blood glucose prediction models to obtain the first blood glucose prediction result matrix is as follows:
the verification set is ranked from large to small according to the feature contribution rate to obtain the top
Figure BDA0003494632070000054
Characteristic value of each data sample, forming
Figure BDA0003494632070000061
Is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000062
sequentially inputting the characteristic matrix into F blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix F of b multiplied by F, wherein the first blood sugar prediction result matrix F is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000063
wherein, the result of the prediction vector output by each blood sugar prediction model is expressed as: [ F ]h1,Fh2，…,Fhf],h＝1,…,b；
Let the correlation coefficient of f blood sugar prediction models be w2Let r be a matrix of measured blood glucose values corresponding to the b smoothed sample validation sets, and in step S8, based on the first blood glucose prediction result matrix F, F ∈ IRb×f，r∈IRbUsing F.w2R to obtain w2∈IRfSolving for the 2 norm
Figure BDA0003494632070000064
Coefficient of correlation w at minimum2W obtained by2I.e. the optimum correlation coefficient w2 *。
Preferably, the specific process of step S9 is:
sequentially inputting a test set containing c smooth samples into f blood sugar prediction models, wherein a second prediction result matrix obtained by each blood sugar prediction model is characterized as follows: [ F ]g1,Fg2，…,Fgf]，g＝1,…,c；
And combining the second prediction result matrixes obtained by each blood sugar prediction model to obtain an integral second blood sugar prediction result matrix, wherein the second blood sugar prediction result matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Figure BDA0003494632070000065
optimum correlation coefficient w obtained by S82 *And fusing the integral second blood sugar prediction result matrix to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000071
wherein Z1, …, Zc represents the final predicted blood glucose value corresponding to the test set containing c smooth samples.
In the method, the result matrixes obtained by different prediction models are fused by using the optimal correlation coefficient to obtain the final blood sugar prediction result, so that the deviation of behavior change on the prediction result is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of the blood sugar prediction result is improved.
The invention also provides a blood sugar prediction system based on smoothing and fusion, which is used for realizing the blood sugar prediction method and comprises the following steps:
the data acquisition unit is used for determining individual eating behaviors and data acquisition time periods, acquiring physiological index data of the individuals under different eating behaviors for N times as original characteristic values, and actually measuring blood sugar values corresponding to the physiological index data synchronously to serve as blood sugar reference values;
the normalization unit is used for forming an original characteristic value matrix based on the original characteristic values, and carrying out normalization processing on the original characteristic values in the original characteristic value matrix to obtain new characteristic values and form a new characteristic value matrix;
the smoothing unit is used for calculating a correlation coefficient of the new characteristic value, smoothing the new characteristic value based on the correlation coefficient to obtain a smooth characteristic value, and dividing the smooth characteristic value into a training set, a verification set and a test set;
the characteristic contribution rate calculating unit introduces a random forest model, calculates the characteristic contribution rate of the smooth characteristic value by using the random forest model, sorts the characteristic contribution rate and selects the smooth characteristic value with the characteristic contribution rate larger than zero;
the characteristic combination unit is used for selecting and extracting smooth characteristic values ranked at the front e bit from the training set to serve as a fixed set, uniformly dividing the residual smooth characteristic values into f sets, combining the uniformly divided f sets and the e bit smooth characteristic values into a new characteristic vector and forming f characteristic matrixes;
the training unit is used for training a random forest model by using the f characteristic matrixes and blood sugar reference values synchronously corresponding to the f characteristic matrixes to obtain f blood sugar prediction models;
the verification unit is used for sequentially inputting the verification set into f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
the correlation coefficient solving unit is used for calculating the optimal correlation coefficients of the f blood sugar prediction models based on the first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
and the test unit is used for sequentially inputting the test set into the f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a second blood sugar prediction result matrix, and fusing the second blood sugar prediction result matrix by using the optimal correlation coefficient to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value.
The invention also provides a medical device which comprises the blood sugar prediction system based on smoothing and fusion.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a blood sugar prediction method, a system and medical equipment based on smoothing processing and fusion, which are characterized in that original data characteristic values of individuals are collected from different eating behaviors, normalization processing is carried out on the original data characteristic values in order to eliminate dimensional influence among data, then the normalized characteristic values are smoothed through correlation coefficients, so that the relation between the characteristic values and corresponding blood sugar measured values is more relevant, a formed characteristic matrix is used as a data set and is divided into a training set, a verification set and a test set, the characteristic values with different characteristic contribution rates are combined, the influence of the characteristic values on blood sugar prediction results is fully considered, the optimal correlation coefficients are utilized to fuse the blood sugar prediction result matrixes obtained by different blood sugar prediction models, the final blood sugar prediction results are obtained, and the influence caused by behavior change is fully considered, the method can be packaged in a system to further form the application of medical equipment, can provide guidance for diabetic patients to self-predict blood sugar and take self-intervention measures in daily life, and has practical significance.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a blood glucose prediction method based on smoothing and fusion according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the process of forming f blood glucose prediction models proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blood glucose prediction system based on smoothing and fusion according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a medical apparatus proposed in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for better illustration of the present embodiment, certain parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent actual dimensions;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known descriptions of the figures may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a blood glucose prediction method based on smoothing and fusion, referring to fig. 1, the method starts from considering the poor blood glucose regulation capability of a diabetic, when the intake behavior of exogenous carbohydrates changes, the blood glucose in vivo may fluctuate greatly, and the blood glucose fluctuation may cause damage to body organs, accelerate the occurrence of complications, and consider how to approach the life of the diabetic, and design a way to enable the diabetic to self-predict the blood glucose level and take self-intervention measures in the life with guaranteed blood glucose prediction accuracy, and most fundamentally, the method is developed around the following implementation steps:
s1, determining individual dietary behaviors and a data acquisition time period, acquiring physiological index data of N times of individuals under different dietary behaviors as original characteristic values, and actually measuring blood glucose values corresponding to the physiological index data synchronously to serve as blood glucose reference values;
wherein the individual eating behavior comprises: normal diet, fasting behavior, ketogenic diet, high-sugar diet; the data acquisition period comprises: morning, noon, afternoon and evening; the physiological index data of the individual includes: the method comprises the steps that the weight, the blood pressure, the blood fat, the heart rate, the PPG electrocardiosignals and the ECG pulse signals of an individual are taken as original characteristic values reflecting the physiological characteristics of the individual, blood sugar prediction is participated in, N times of collected data form N sample data sets, the N times of collected data are collected physiological index data (original characteristic values) of the individual under different eating behaviors, and blood sugar values corresponding to the measured physiological index data in a synchronous mode are obtained.
S2, forming an original characteristic value matrix based on the original characteristic values, and carrying out normalization processing on the original characteristic values in the original characteristic value matrix to obtain new characteristic values and form a new characteristic value matrix;
setting the original characteristic values to form an N multiplied by K original characteristic value matrix:
Figure BDA0003494632070000091
each row in the original eigenvalue matrix represents that each data sample in the N data samples contains K eigenvalues, and a certain column represents the same type eigenvalue of the N data samples and is marked as y; considering that different physiological index data can affect the result of data analysis, in order to eliminate the dimensional influence between indexes, data standardization processing is needed to solve the comparability between data indexes, which is beneficial to ensuring the accuracy of subsequent blood glucose prediction, specifically, each y is normalized, and the normalization formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000092
wherein y 'represents a new eigenvalue normalized by the eigenvalue of the same type of a certain column representing N data samples, and a new eigenvalue matrix X' is formed after normalization:
Figure BDA0003494632070000101
s3, calculating a correlation coefficient of the new characteristic value, smoothing the new characteristic value based on the correlation coefficient to obtain a smooth characteristic value, and dividing the smooth characteristic value into a training set, a verification set and a test set;
by correlation coefficientSmoothing the characteristic value to make the relation between the characteristic value and the corresponding blood sugar measured value more relevant, wherein a certain column represents the new characteristic value of N data samples after the same type of characteristic value is normalized as y ', y' belongs to the IRN×1The specific method comprises the following steps:
setting the correlation coefficient of the same type eigenvalue under different data samples in the new eigenvalue matrix X' as w1The column corresponding to y' represents that the smooth characteristic value obtained after the smoothing processing of the characteristic values of the same type of the N data samples is x, and x belongs to the IRN×1Using x ═ y' · w1Smoothing the feature values y' of the same type of the N data samples, wherein the process is as follows:
establishing an objective function:
Figure BDA0003494632070000102
in that
Figure BDA0003494632070000103
At maximum, i.e.:
Figure BDA0003494632070000104
when xTy′Tw1>0，w1 Ty′y′Tw1C is a constant, and the correlation coefficient is solved to w1According to x ═ y'. w1Finding the column of smoothed eigenvalues x, more specifically:
is provided with
Figure BDA0003494632070000105
SB＝y′y′TAnd is provided with J (w)1)＝w1 TSAw1-λw1 TSBw1，
Figure BDA0003494632070000106
To obtain SB -1SAw is λ w, Q is SB -1SADue to SAAnd SBAll are full rank matrices, then Q ═ uv can be madeT,uvTξ＝λξ，u＝ξ,vTξ＝λ
Is provided with
Figure BDA0003494632070000107
u1＝1
v＝Q(1,:)T
Figure BDA0003494632070000108
m＝2,…,M
By combining C and D, w can be solved1And according to x ═ y' · w1And obtaining x.
Repeating the above processes until the smooth eigenvalues of the same type represented by all columns in the new eigenvalue matrix are solved to form a smooth eigenvalue matrix X, wherein the table formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000111
dividing the N smooth sample data sets after the N sample data sets are subjected to smoothing processing into a training set containing a smooth samples, a verification set containing b smooth samples and a test set containing c smooth samples, wherein N is a + b + c.
S4, introducing a random forest model, calculating and sequencing the feature contribution rate of the smooth feature value by using the random forest model, and selecting the smooth feature value with the feature contribution rate larger than zero;
in this embodiment, the random forest model is constructed by a self-help resampling technique, a plurality of training set samples are repeatedly and randomly extracted from a training set in a replaced manner by using a bootstrap method to generate new training set samples, a decision tree is established for each new training set sample, a prediction result of each decision tree of the random forest model is used as a prediction vote, and a minority obedient majority is used as a prediction result.
Calculating the importance value of the jth characteristic value in the ith decision tree, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000112
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003494632070000113
an importance value representing the jth smoothed feature value,
Figure BDA0003494632070000114
and expressing the importance value of the jth smooth characteristic value in the ith decision tree, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000115
wherein Ginim、Ginil、GinirRespectively representing the node m, the node l and the node r in the random forest model, wherein the calculation expression of the node r of any one node is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000116
wherein Gini represents the Kini index of the node m in the random forest model; k represents the number of the smooth characteristic values, and K represents the K-th smooth characteristic value calculated currently; p is a radical ofmkRepresenting the proportion of the kth smooth characteristic value in the node m in the random forest model; the expression for the feature contribution ratio of the smoothed feature value is:
Figure BDA0003494632070000121
wherein K represents the number of smooth characteristic values; VIMjRepresenting the contribution of the jth smoothed feature value,
Figure BDA0003494632070000122
representing the sum of the importance of all the smooth feature values;
setting d to represent the number of the smooth characteristic values in each data sample larger than zero, and selecting an original smooth characteristic value matrix X consisting of the d characteristic values to represent as X':
Figure BDA0003494632070000123
s5, selecting and extracting smooth characteristic values ranked at the front e position from the training set to serve as a fixed set, uniformly dividing the remaining smooth characteristic values into f sets, combining the uniformly divided f sets and the e-position smooth characteristic values into a new characteristic vector, and forming f characteristic matrixes;
in this embodiment, feature values with different feature contribution rates are combined, the influence of the feature values on the prediction result is fully considered, and in step S5, the smooth feature values ranked at the top e are selected from the training set and extracted, and are characterized as a fixed set: [ x ] of1，x2，…，xe]The remaining smooth feature values are d-e characterized as [ x ]e+1，…，xd]Equally dividing into f groups of sets, and characterizing as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000124
combining the averaged f-group set and the e-bit smooth feature values into a new feature vector to form f feature matrixes X1，…,Xu,…,XfWherein any one of the feature matrices XuExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000125
feature matrix X1，…，Xu，…，XfEach of the samples has a synchronously corresponding a actual blood sugar value, that is, assuming that N is 10, each sample contains 14 feature values, taking the first 5 feature values as a fixed set, averagely dividing the remaining 9 feature values into 3 groups, and recombining into 3 feature matrices:
Figure BDA0003494632070000131
s6, training a random forest model by using the f feature matrices and blood sugar reference values synchronously corresponding to the f feature matrices to obtain f blood sugar prediction models;
as shown in FIG. 2, the feature matrix X1，…,Xu,…,XfAnd inputting each feature matrix and a actually measured blood sugar values synchronously corresponding to the feature matrix into the random forest model respectively, wherein each data sample in the feature matrix takes the actual blood sugar value as output and each feature matrix as input, and takes the error between the output and the input as a training target, and when the training target is optimally converged, the random forest model corresponding to each feature matrix is trained to be used as f blood sugar prediction models.
S7, sequentially inputting the verification set into f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
b data samples are contained in the verification set, the verification set is sequentially input into f blood sugar prediction models, and the process of obtaining a first blood sugar prediction result matrix is as follows:
the verification set is ranked from large to small according to the feature contribution rate to obtain the top
Figure BDA0003494632070000132
Characteristic value of each data sample, forming
Figure BDA0003494632070000133
Is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000134
sequentially inputting the characteristic matrix into F blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix F of b multiplied by F, wherein the first blood sugar prediction result matrix F is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003494632070000141
wherein, the result of the prediction vector output by each blood sugar prediction model is expressed as: [ F ]h1,Fh2，…,Fhf],h＝1,…,b；
S8, calculating the optimal correlation coefficients of the f blood sugar prediction models based on the first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
let the correlation coefficient of f blood sugar prediction models be w2Let r be a matrix of measured blood glucose values corresponding to the b smoothed sample validation sets, and in step S8, based on the first blood glucose prediction result matrix F, F ∈ IRb×f，r∈IRbUsing F.w2R to obtain w2∈IRfSolving for the 2 norm
Figure BDA0003494632070000142
Correlation coefficient w at the time of obtaining minimum value2W obtained by2I.e. the optimum correlation coefficient w2 *Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
let J (w)2)＝w2 TFTFw2-2rTFw2+rTr, order
Figure BDA0003494632070000143
Get w2 *＝(FTF)-1Fr。
And S9, sequentially inputting the test set into the f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a second blood sugar prediction result matrix, and fusing the second blood sugar prediction result matrix by using the optimal correlation coefficient obtained in the S8 to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value.
When the step is implemented, the optimal correlation coefficient is utilized to fuse result matrixes obtained by different prediction models to obtain a final blood sugar prediction result, so that the deviation of behavior change on the prediction result can be reduced, and the accuracy of the blood sugar prediction result is improved, and the specific process is as follows:
sequentially inputting a test set containing c smooth samples into f blood sugar prediction models, wherein a second prediction result matrix obtained by each blood sugar prediction model is characterized as follows: [ F ]g1,Fg2，…,Fgf]，g＝1,…,c；
And combining the second prediction result matrixes obtained by each blood sugar prediction model to obtain an integral second blood sugar prediction result matrix, wherein the second blood sugar prediction result matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Figure BDA0003494632070000144
optimum correlation coefficient w obtained by S82 *And fusing the integral second blood sugar prediction result matrix to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003494632070000151
wherein Z1, …, Zc represents the final predicted blood glucose value corresponding to the test set containing c smooth samples.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a blood glucose prediction system based on smoothing and fusion, the system is used to implement the blood glucose prediction method described in embodiment 1, and referring to fig. 3, the system includes:
the data acquisition unit 1 is used for determining individual eating behaviors and data acquisition time periods, acquiring physiological index data of the individuals under different eating behaviors for N times as original characteristic values, and actually measuring blood sugar values corresponding to the physiological index data synchronously to serve as blood sugar reference values;
the normalization unit 2 is used for forming an original characteristic value matrix based on the original characteristic values, carrying out normalization processing on the original characteristic values in the original characteristic value matrix to obtain new characteristic values and forming a new characteristic value matrix;
the smoothing unit 3 is used for calculating a correlation coefficient of the new characteristic value, smoothing the new characteristic value based on the correlation coefficient to obtain a smooth characteristic value, and dividing the smooth characteristic value into a training set, a verification set and a test set;
the characteristic contribution rate calculating unit 4 introduces a random forest model, calculates the characteristic contribution rate of the smooth characteristic value by using the random forest model, sorts the characteristic contribution rate, and selects the smooth characteristic value with the characteristic contribution rate larger than zero;
the feature combination unit 5 is used for selecting and extracting smooth feature values ranked at the front e bit from the training set to serve as a fixed set, uniformly dividing the remaining smooth feature values into f sets, combining the uniformly divided f sets and the e bit smooth feature values into a new feature vector and forming f feature matrices;
the training unit 6 is used for training a random forest model by using the f feature matrices and blood sugar reference values synchronously corresponding to the f feature matrices to obtain f blood sugar prediction models;
the verification unit 7 is used for sequentially inputting the verification set into f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
the correlation coefficient solving unit 8 is used for calculating the optimal correlation coefficients of the f blood sugar prediction models based on the first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
and the test unit 9 is used for sequentially inputting the test set into the f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a second blood sugar prediction result matrix, and fusing the second blood sugar prediction result matrix by using the optimal correlation coefficient to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value.
In the system provided by this embodiment, each unit is used to package the algorithm implementation process corresponding to the method provided by embodiment 1, and then the system is further integrated, so that the auxiliary application in the medical field can be realized.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment proposes a medical device, which includes the blood glucose prediction system based on smoothing and fusion proposed in embodiment 2, and the blood glucose prediction result performed by the medical device in the daily life of the diabetic can provide guidance for the diabetic to self-monitor the blood glucose level and take self-intervention measures in the daily life.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A blood glucose prediction method based on smoothing and fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining individual dietary behaviors and a data acquisition time period, acquiring physiological index data of N times of individuals under different dietary behaviors as original characteristic values, and actually measuring blood glucose values corresponding to the physiological index data synchronously to serve as blood glucose reference values;
s2, forming an original characteristic value matrix based on the original characteristic values, and carrying out normalization processing on the original characteristic values in the original characteristic value matrix to obtain new characteristic values and form a new characteristic value matrix;
s3, calculating a correlation coefficient of the new characteristic value, smoothing the new characteristic value based on the correlation coefficient to obtain a smooth characteristic value, and dividing the smooth characteristic value into a training set, a verification set and a test set;
s4, introducing a random forest model, calculating the characteristic contribution rate of the smooth characteristic values by using the random forest model, sequencing, and selecting the smooth characteristic values with the characteristic contribution rate larger than zero;
s5, selecting and extracting smooth characteristic values ranked at the front e position from the training set to serve as a fixed set, uniformly dividing the remaining smooth characteristic values into f group sets, combining the uniformly divided f group sets and the e position smooth characteristic values into a new characteristic vector, and forming f characteristic matrixes;
s6, training a random forest model by using the f feature matrices and blood sugar reference values synchronously corresponding to the f feature matrices to obtain f blood sugar prediction models;
s7, sequentially inputting the verification set into f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
s8, calculating the optimal correlation coefficients of the f blood sugar prediction models based on the first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
and S9, sequentially inputting the test set into the f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a second blood sugar prediction result matrix, and fusing the second blood sugar prediction result matrix by using the optimal correlation coefficient obtained in the S8 to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value.
2. The smoothing and fusion-based blood glucose prediction method of claim 1, wherein the individual eating behavior of step S1 comprises: normal diet, fasting behavior, ketogenic diet, high-sugar diet; the data acquisition period comprises: morning, noon, afternoon and evening; the physiological indicator data of the individual includes: the method comprises the steps that the weight, the blood pressure, the blood fat, the heart rate, the PPG electrocardiosignal and the ECG pulse signal of an individual are taken as original characteristic values reflecting the physiological characteristics of the individual, the physiological index data participate in blood sugar prediction, and N sample data sets are formed by data acquired for N times.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the primitive eigenvalues are arranged to form an nxk primitive eigenvalue matrix:
Figure FDA0003494632060000021
each row in the original eigenvalue matrix represents that each data sample in the N data samples contains K eigenvalues, and a certain column represents the same type eigenvalues of the N data samples and is marked as y; normalizing each y by the formula:
Figure FDA0003494632060000022
wherein y 'represents a new eigenvalue normalized by the eigenvalue of the same type of a certain column representing N data samples, and a new eigenvalue matrix X' is formed after normalization:
Figure FDA0003494632060000023
4. the smoothing and fusion-based blood glucose prediction method of claim 3, wherein the normalized new eigenvalues of the same type of eigenvalues in a column representing N data samples are y ', y' e.IRN×1Setting the correlation coefficient of the same type eigenvalue under different data samples in the new eigenvalue matrix X' as w1The column corresponding to y' represents that the smooth characteristic value obtained after the smoothing processing of the characteristic values of the same type of the N data samples is x, and x belongs to the IRN×1Using x ═ y' · w1Smoothing the feature values y' of the same type of the N data samples, wherein the process is as follows:
establishing an objective function:
Figure FDA0003494632060000024
in that
Figure FDA0003494632060000025
At maximum, i.e.:
Figure FDA0003494632060000026
when xTy′Tw1>0，w1 Ty′y′Tw1When C is a constant, the correlation coefficient is solved to w1According to x ═ y' · w1Obtaining the column smooth characteristic value X, repeating the above processes until obtaining the smooth characteristic values of the same type characteristic values represented by all columns in the new characteristic value matrix to form a smooth characteristic value matrix X, wherein the table formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003494632060000031
dividing N smooth sample data sets after N sample data sets are subjected to smoothing processing into a training set containing a smooth samples, a verification set containing b smooth samples and a test set containing c smooth samples, namely N is a + b + c.
5. The blood sugar prediction method based on smoothing and fusion as claimed in claim 4, wherein n decision trees are shared in the random forest model, and the importance value of the jth feature value in the ith decision tree is calculated by the following calculation expression:
Figure FDA0003494632060000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003494632060000033
an importance value representing the jth smoothed feature value,
Figure FDA0003494632060000034
and expressing the importance value of the jth smooth characteristic value in the ith decision tree, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003494632060000035
wherein Ginim、Ginil、GinirRespectively representing the node m, the node l and the node r in the random forest model, wherein the calculation expression of the node r of any one node is as follows:
Figure FDA0003494632060000036
wherein Gini represents the kini index of the node m in the random forest model; k represents the number of the smooth characteristic values, and K represents the K-th smooth characteristic value calculated currently; p is a radical ofmkRepresenting the proportion of the kth smooth characteristic value in the node m in the random forest model; the expression for the feature contribution ratio of the smoothed feature value is:
Figure FDA0003494632060000037
wherein K represents the number of smooth characteristic values; VIMjRepresenting the contribution ratio of the jth smoothed feature value,
Figure FDA0003494632060000038
representing the sum of the importance of all the smooth feature values;
let d denote the number of smooth eigenvalues greater than zero in each data sample, and select the original smooth eigenvalue matrix X composed of d eigenvalues to be expressed as X ″:
Figure FDA0003494632060000041
6. the smoothing and fusion-based blood glucose prediction method of claim 5, wherein in step S5, the smoothing feature values ranked at the top e position are selected from the training set and extracted as a fixed set, characterized as: [ x ]1，x2，…，xe]The remaining smooth feature values are d-e characterized as [ x ]e+1，…，xd]Equally dividing into f groups of sets, and characterizing as:
Figure FDA0003494632060000042
combining the f groups of the averaged set and the e-bit smooth characteristic values into a new characteristic vector to form f characteristic matrixes X1，…,Xu,…,XfWherein any one of the feature matrices XuExpressed as:
Figure FDA0003494632060000043
feature matrix X1，…，Xu，…，XfHas a number of measured blood glucose values corresponding to each other in synchronization, and in step S6, the feature matrix X is used1，…,Xu,…,XfAnd inputting each feature matrix and a actually measured blood sugar values synchronously corresponding to the feature matrix into the random forest model respectively, wherein each data sample in the feature matrix takes the actual blood sugar value as output and each feature matrix as input, and takes the error between the output and the input as a training target, and when the training target is optimally converged, the random forest model corresponding to each feature matrix is trained to be used as f blood sugar prediction models.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S7, the validation set comprises b data samples, and the validation set is sequentially inputted into the f blood glucose prediction models, and the process of obtaining the first blood glucose prediction result matrix is as follows:
the verification set is ranked from large to small according to the feature contribution rate to obtain the top
Figure FDA0003494632060000044
Characteristic value of each data sample, forming
Figure FDA0003494632060000051
Is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003494632060000052
sequentially inputting the characteristic matrix into F blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix F of b multiplied by F, wherein the first blood sugar prediction result matrix F is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003494632060000053
wherein, the result of the prediction vector output by each blood sugar prediction model is expressed as: [ F ]h1,Fh2，…,Fhf],h＝1,…,b；
Setting the correlation of f blood sugar prediction modelsNumber w2Let r be a matrix of measured blood glucose values corresponding to the b smoothed sample validation sets, and in step S8, based on the first blood glucose prediction result matrix F, F ∈ IRb×f，r∈IRbUsing F.w2R to obtain w2∈IRfSolving for the 2 norm
Figure FDA0003494632060000054
Correlation coefficient w at the time of obtaining minimum value2W obtained by2I.e. the optimum correlation coefficient w2 *。
8. The method for predicting blood glucose based on smoothing and fusion of claim 7, wherein the specific process of step S9 is as follows:
sequentially inputting a test set containing c smooth samples into f blood sugar prediction models, wherein a second prediction result matrix obtained by each blood sugar prediction model is characterized as follows: [ F ]g1,Fg2，…,Fgf]，g＝1,…,c；
And combining the second prediction result matrixes obtained by each blood sugar prediction model to obtain an integral second blood sugar prediction result matrix, wherein the second blood sugar prediction result matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Figure FDA0003494632060000055
optimum correlation coefficient w obtained by S82 *And fusing the integral second blood sugar prediction result matrix to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value, wherein the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003494632060000061
wherein Z1, …, Zc represents the final predicted blood glucose value corresponding to the test set containing c smooth samples.
9. A blood glucose prediction system based on smoothing and fusion, which is used for realizing the blood glucose prediction method of any one of claims 1-8, and comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for determining individual eating behaviors and data acquisition time periods, acquiring physiological index data of the individuals under different eating behaviors for N times as original characteristic values, and actually measuring blood sugar values corresponding to the physiological index data synchronously to serve as blood sugar reference values;
the normalization unit is used for forming an original characteristic value matrix based on the original characteristic values, and carrying out normalization processing on the original characteristic values in the original characteristic value matrix to obtain new characteristic values and form a new characteristic value matrix;
the smoothing unit is used for calculating a correlation coefficient of the new characteristic value, smoothing the new characteristic value based on the correlation coefficient to obtain a smooth characteristic value, and dividing the smooth characteristic value into a training set, a verification set and a test set;
the characteristic contribution rate calculating unit introduces a random forest model, calculates the characteristic contribution rate of the smooth characteristic value by using the random forest model, sorts the characteristic contribution rate and selects the smooth characteristic value with the characteristic contribution rate larger than zero;
the characteristic combination unit is used for selecting and extracting smooth characteristic values ranked at the front e bit from the training set to serve as a fixed set, uniformly dividing the residual smooth characteristic values into f sets, combining the uniformly divided f sets and the e bit smooth characteristic values into a new characteristic vector and forming f characteristic matrixes;
the training unit is used for training a random forest model by using the f characteristic matrixes and blood sugar reference values synchronously corresponding to the f characteristic matrixes to obtain f blood sugar prediction models;
the verification unit is used for sequentially inputting the verification set into f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
the correlation coefficient solving unit is used for calculating the optimal correlation coefficients of the f blood sugar prediction models based on the first blood sugar prediction result matrix;
and the test unit is used for sequentially inputting the test set into the f blood sugar prediction models to obtain a second blood sugar prediction result matrix, and fusing the second blood sugar prediction result matrix by using the optimal correlation coefficient to obtain a final blood sugar prediction value.
10. A medical device characterized in that it comprises the smoothing and fusion based blood glucose prediction system of claim 9.
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