CN114527747A - Unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on self-adaptive pre-aiming point and projection positioning - Google Patents

Unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on self-adaptive pre-aiming point and projection positioning Download PDF

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CN114527747A
CN114527747A CN202210049835.0A CN202210049835A CN114527747A CN 114527747 A CN114527747 A CN 114527747A CN 202210049835 A CN202210049835 A CN 202210049835A CN 114527747 A CN114527747 A CN 114527747A
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unmanned ship
path
current
initial path
point
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聂勇
张敏捷
吕小文
孙向伟
李贞辉
唐建中
陈正
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/0206Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to water vehicles

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on self-adaptive preview points and projection positioning. The method comprises the following steps: presetting an initial path for navigation of the unmanned ship; controlling the unmanned ship to sail according to the initial path, and acquiring the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship; judging whether the real navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path or not according to the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship, and if the navigation path deviates from the initial path, acquiring a target point on the initial path; acquiring the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship according to the target point; and correcting the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship according to the real-time motion state, the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship. The method can give consideration to both course error and track error, and has better track fluency and rudder direction stability compared with double closed-loop control of rudder direction error and track error; the position of the preview point under different speeds and different track curvatures can be adaptively adjusted to take track tracking accuracy and navigation stability into consideration.

Description

Unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on self-adaptive pre-aiming point and projection positioning
Technical Field
The invention relates to a track tracking method, in particular to an unmanned ship track tracking method based on self-adaptive preview point and projection positioning.
Background
Tracking of a ship means that a vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle or a ship starts from a certain position and reaches an originally set position within a predetermined time by control of a tracking system. High performance trajectory tracking algorithms are urgently needed for surface unmanned vessels.
At present, a track tracking control method based on a preview point is generally applied, and a tracking scheme is calculated according to the preview point. However, the distance between the preview points is mostly manually preset, which brings a series of possible problems, mainly manifested as the phenomena of leading steering and lagging steering before and after a curve with large curvature, low tracking precision in a complex road, poor control effect when the initial deviation is large, and too frequent adjustment when the deviation from the preset path is not large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the unmanned ship track tracking method based on the self-adaptive aiming point and the projection positioning can adaptively decide a control scheme according to the situation of the unmanned ship and a path, change the distance of the aiming point and improve the tracking precision by fully utilizing the path information.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 100, presetting an initial path for unmanned ship navigation;
200, controlling the unmanned ship to sail according to an initial path to obtain a real-time motion state of the unmanned ship;
step 300, under an ideal condition, the unmanned ship should sail along the initial path as much as possible, and under the condition of being interfered by the sea environment, the unmanned ship can sail deviating from the initial path; judging whether the real navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path or not according to the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship, and acquiring a target point on the initial path if the navigation path deviates from the initial path;
step 400, acquiring the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship according to the target point;
and 500, correcting the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship according to the real-time motion state, the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship.
In the step 100, a preset initial path of the unmanned ship, that is, a path to be tracked of the unmanned ship, is generally a curve path formed by a series of path points or functional expressions, where a first path point in the initial path is used as an origin of coordinates, a latitude line is an x-axis, a longitude line is a y-axis, and path points of the initial path are represented as:
P(i)=[px(i),py(i)]
where, p (i) is the ith path point in the initial path, px (i) is the x-axis coordinate of the ith path point, and py (i) is the y-axis coordinate of the ith path point.
In the step 200, the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship includes a heading angle, a sailing speed v (t), and a current position [ x (t), y (t) ], at a current time t, where x (t) is an x-axis coordinate of the unmanned ship at the current time t, and y (t) is a y-axis coordinate of the unmanned ship at the current time t.
In the step 300, it is determined whether the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path:
if the actual navigation path of the unmanned ship does not deviate from the initial path, continuing to control the unmanned ship to navigate according to the initial path;
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path, namely the navigation path generates lateral deviation relative to the initial path, the following judgment is carried out:
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path for the first time, traversing all path points in the initial path, and taking a path point which is closest to the current position of the unmanned ship in front of the current unmanned ship as a target point;
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship is not the first deviation initial path, starting from a target point P (m) acquired by the unmanned ship from the initial path, traversing the front of the unmanned shipIn the initial path of the party
Figure BDA0003473613820000021
And acquiring a path point which is closest to the current position of the unmanned ship as a current target point, wherein P (m) is the mth path point in the initial path, v (t) is the navigation speed of the current unmanned ship, delta t is the unit time of the control frequency of a control signal sent out when the unmanned ship is controlled to navigate, and s is the average distance between the path points of the initial path.
In the step 400, a tangent line of the target point on the initial path is taken as a projection line, a projection length of a straight line between the current position of the unmanned ship and the target point on the projection line is taken as a yaw distance D, and an included angle between the tangent line of the current position of the unmanned ship on the real sailing path and the projection line is taken as a yaw angle α.
In the step 500, a projection threshold λ and a heading angle threshold are preset
Figure BDA0003473613820000022
The unmanned ship navigation path judging device is used for judging the difference between the real navigation path of the unmanned ship and a preset path;
adjusting a course angle:
according to the yaw distance D and the yaw angle alpha of the current unmanned ship, the following judgment is carried out, and the course angle of the current unmanned ship is adjusted:
if D is not more than λ or
Figure BDA0003473613820000031
When the unmanned ship is in the current state, the course angle of the unmanned ship is not adjusted;
if D is>λ and
Figure BDA0003473613820000032
if so, adjusting the course angle of the current unmanned ship to enable the course of the current unmanned ship to face the target point;
and (3) adjusting the navigation speed:
according to the yaw distance D and the yaw angle alpha of the current unmanned ship, the following judgments are carried out simultaneously, and the navigation speed of the current unmanned ship is adjusted:
if D is not more than λ and
Figure BDA0003473613820000033
when, or D is not more than λ and
Figure BDA0003473613820000034
then, in the initial path in front of the current unmanned ship, starting from the target point, the distance d is the same1Taking points on two initial paths as preview points, d1The current unmanned ship sails at a speed equal to v (t) Δ t, v (t), and Δ t is a unit time of a control frequency of a control signal sent by the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship is controlled to sail; and the following judgments were made:
if the course angles of the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship sails to the two pre-aiming points along the straight line from the current position are smaller than the course angle threshold value
Figure BDA0003473613820000035
Controlling the current unmanned ship to accelerate;
if the course angle of the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship sails to the two pre-aiming points along the straight line from the current position is not less than the course angle threshold value
Figure BDA0003473613820000036
Or only one of the heading angles is not less than the heading angle threshold
Figure BDA0003473613820000037
Keeping the current sailing speed v (t) of the unmanned ship;
if D is>Lambda is the distance d from the target point in the initial path in front of the unmanned ship at present according to the following formulajTaking the jth preview point:
Figure BDA0003473613820000038
wherein, κjThe curvature of the jth preview point in the initial path is represented by j ═ 1, 2 and 3;
three preview points P1 are taken,P2 and P3, calculating the distance d between the preview points, d ═ d1+d2+d3(ii) a Recording the current target point as P0, calculating included angles alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 between the course angle of the unmanned ship and vectors P0P1, P0P2 and P0P3 respectively, and then calculating the course turning angle of the current unmanned ship according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003473613820000039
wherein, T0Adjusting the following time constant according to the actual condition of the control equipment sending the control signal;
and judging according to the course turning angle as follows:
if it is
Figure BDA00034736138200000310
When the unmanned ship is in the high-speed state, controlling the current unmanned ship to decelerate, wherein the larger the course turning angle is, the larger the deceleration amplitude is;
if it is
Figure BDA00034736138200000311
And keeping the current sailing speed v (t) of the unmanned ship.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the track control mode of following the preview point can give consideration to course error and track error, and compared with double closed-loop control of rudder direction error and track error, the track control method has better track fluency and rudder direction stability.
2. The positions of the preview points under different speeds and different track curvatures can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode so as to take track tracking accuracy and navigation stability into consideration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a trajectory tracking method for adaptive pre-pointing and projection positioning;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the projection length of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
and step 100, presetting an initial path for the unmanned ship to navigate.
In step 100, a preset initial path of the unmanned ship, that is, a path to be tracked of the unmanned ship, is generally a curve path formed by a series of path points or a functional formula, as shown in fig. 2, a first path point in the initial path is taken as an origin of coordinates, a latitude line is an x axis, a longitude line is a y axis, and path points of the initial path are represented as:
P(i)=[px(i),py(i)]
where, p (i) is the ith path point in the initial path, px (i) is the x-axis coordinate of the ith path point, and py (i) is the y-axis coordinate of the ith path point.
And 200, controlling the unmanned ship to sail according to the initial path, and acquiring the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship.
In step 200, the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship comprises a heading angle, a sailing speed v (t) and a current position [ x (t), y (t) ] of the unmanned ship at a current time t, wherein x (t) is an x-axis coordinate of the unmanned ship at the current time t, and y (t) is a y-axis coordinate of the unmanned ship at the current time t.
Step 300, under an ideal condition, the unmanned ship should sail along the initial path as much as possible, and under the condition of being interfered by the sea environment, the unmanned ship can sail deviating from the initial path; at this time, whether the real navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path is judged according to the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship, and in step 300, whether the real navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path is judged:
if the actual navigation path of the unmanned ship does not deviate from the initial path, continuing to control the unmanned ship to navigate according to the initial path;
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path, namely the navigation path generates lateral deviation relative to the initial path, the following judgment is carried out:
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path for the first time, traversing all path points in the initial path, and taking a path point which is closest to the current position of the unmanned ship in front of the current unmanned ship as a target point;
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship is not the first deviation initial path, starting from a target point P (m) acquired by the unmanned ship from the initial path, traversing the initial path in front of the unmanned ship
Figure BDA0003473613820000051
And acquiring a path point closest to the current position of the unmanned ship as a current target point, wherein P (m) is the mth path point in the initial path, v (t) is the navigation speed of the current unmanned ship, delta t is the unit time of the control frequency of a control signal sent out by the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship is controlled to navigate, and s is the average distance between the path points of the initial path.
And if the navigation path deviates from the initial path, acquiring a target point on the initial path.
And step 400, acquiring the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship according to the target point.
As shown in fig. 2, in step 400, a tangent line of the target point on the initial path is taken as a projection line, a projection length of a straight line between the current position of the unmanned ship and the target point on the projection line is taken as a yaw distance D, and an included angle between the tangent line of the current position of the unmanned ship on the real sailing path and the projection line is taken as a yaw angle α.
And 500, correcting the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship according to the real-time motion state, the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship.
In step 500, a projection threshold λ and a heading angle threshold are preset
Figure BDA0003473613820000052
The unmanned ship navigation path judging device is used for judging the difference between the real navigation path of the unmanned ship and a preset path;
adjusting a course angle:
according to the yaw distance D and the yaw angle alpha of the current unmanned ship, the following judgment is carried out, and the course angle of the current unmanned ship is adjusted:
if D is not more than λ or
Figure BDA0003473613820000053
When the unmanned ship is in the current state, the course angle of the unmanned ship is not adjusted;
if D is>λ and
Figure BDA0003473613820000054
if so, adjusting the course angle of the current unmanned ship to enable the course of the current unmanned ship to face the target point;
and (3) adjusting the navigation speed:
according to the yaw distance D and the yaw angle alpha of the current unmanned ship, the following judgments are carried out simultaneously, and the navigation speed of the current unmanned ship is adjusted:
if D is not more than λ and
Figure BDA0003473613820000055
when, or D is not more than λ and
Figure BDA0003473613820000056
then, in the initial path in front of the current unmanned ship, starting from the target point, the distance d is the same1Taking points on two initial paths as preview points, d1The current unmanned ship sails at a speed equal to v (t) Δ t, v (t), and Δ t is a unit time of a control frequency of a control signal sent by the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship is controlled to sail; and the following judgments were made:
if the course angles of the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship sails to the two pre-aiming points along the straight line from the current position are smaller than the course angle threshold value
Figure BDA0003473613820000061
Controlling the current unmanned ship to accelerate;
if the course angle of the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship sails to the two pre-aiming points along the straight line from the current position is not less than the course angle threshold value
Figure BDA0003473613820000062
Or only one of the heading angles is not less than the heading angle threshold
Figure BDA0003473613820000063
Keeping the current sailing speed v (t) of the unmanned ship;
if D is>Lambda is the distance d from the target point in the initial path in front of the unmanned ship at present according to the following formulajTaking the jth preview point:
Figure BDA0003473613820000064
wherein k isjThe curvature of the jth preview point in the initial path is represented by j ═ 1, 2 and 3;
three aiming points P1, P2 and P3 are taken in total, and the aiming point distance d is calculated, wherein d is d1+d2+d3(ii) a Recording the current target point as P0, calculating included angles alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 between the course angle of the unmanned ship and vectors P0P1, P0P2 and P0P3 respectively, and then calculating the course turning angle of the current unmanned ship according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003473613820000065
wherein, T0Adjusting the following time constant according to the actual condition of the control equipment sending the control signal;
and judging according to the course turning angle as follows:
if it is
Figure BDA0003473613820000066
When the unmanned ship is in the high-speed state, controlling the current unmanned ship to decelerate, wherein the larger the course turning angle is, the larger the deceleration amplitude is;
if it is
Figure BDA0003473613820000067
And keeping the current navigation speed v (t) of the unmanned ship.

Claims (6)

1. An unmanned ship track tracking method based on self-adaptive preview point and projection positioning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, presetting an initial path for unmanned ship navigation;
200, controlling the unmanned ship to sail according to an initial path to obtain a real-time motion state of the unmanned ship;
step 300, judging whether the real navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path or not according to the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship, and if the navigation path deviates from the initial path, acquiring a target point on the initial path;
step 400, acquiring the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship according to the target point;
and 500, correcting the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship according to the real-time motion state, the yaw distance and the yaw angle of the unmanned ship.
2. The unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on adaptive aiming point and projection positioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step 100, the preset initial path of the unmanned ship is a curved path formed by a series of path points, a first path point in the initial path is taken as an origin of coordinates, a latitude line is an x-axis, a longitude line is a y-axis, and the path points of the initial path are represented as:
P(i)=[px(i),py(i)]
where, p (i) is the ith path point in the initial path, px (i) is the x-axis coordinate of the ith path point, and py (i) is the y-axis coordinate of the ith path point.
3. The unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on adaptive aiming point and projection positioning according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the step 200, the real-time motion state of the unmanned ship includes a heading angle, a navigation speed v (t), and a current position [ x (t), y (t) ] of the unmanned ship at a current time t, where x (t) is an x-axis coordinate of the unmanned ship at the current time t, and y (t) is a y-axis coordinate of the unmanned ship at the current time t.
4. The unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on adaptive aiming point and projection positioning as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that:
in the step 300, it is determined whether the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path:
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship does not deviate from the initial path, continuing to control the unmanned ship to navigate according to the initial path;
if the actual navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path, the following judgment is carried out:
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship deviates from the initial path for the first time, traversing all path points in the initial path, and taking a path point which is closest to the current position of the unmanned ship in front of the current unmanned ship as a target point;
if the true navigation path of the unmanned ship is not the first deviation initial path, starting from a target point P (m) acquired by the unmanned ship from the initial path, traversing the initial path in front of the unmanned ship
Figure FDA0003473613810000021
And acquiring a path point which is closest to the current position of the unmanned ship as a current target point, wherein P (m) is the mth path point in the initial path, v (t) is the navigation speed of the current unmanned ship, delta t is the unit time of the control frequency of a control signal sent out when the unmanned ship is controlled to navigate, and s is the average distance between the path points of the initial path.
5. The unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on adaptive aiming point and projection positioning as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
in the step 400, a tangent line of the target point on the initial path is taken as a projection line, a projection length of a straight line between the current position of the unmanned ship and the target point on the projection line is taken as a yaw distance D, and an included angle between the tangent line of the current position of the unmanned ship on the real sailing path and the projection line is taken as a yaw angle α.
6. The unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on the adaptive aiming point and the projection position as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in step 500, a projection is presetThreshold lambda and course angle threshold
Figure FDA0003473613810000022
Adjusting a course angle:
according to the yaw distance D and the yaw angle alpha of the current unmanned ship, the following judgment is carried out, and the course angle of the current unmanned ship is adjusted:
if D is not more than λ or
Figure FDA0003473613810000023
When the unmanned ship is in the current state, the course angle of the unmanned ship is not adjusted;
if D is>λ and
Figure FDA0003473613810000024
if so, adjusting the course angle of the current unmanned ship to enable the course of the current unmanned ship to face the target point;
and (3) adjusting the navigation speed:
according to the yaw distance D and the yaw angle alpha of the current unmanned ship, the following judgments are carried out simultaneously, and the navigation speed of the current unmanned ship is adjusted:
if D is not more than λ and
Figure FDA0003473613810000025
when, or D is not more than λ and
Figure FDA0003473613810000026
then, in the initial path in front of the current unmanned ship, starting from the target point, the distance d is the same1Taking points on two initial paths as preview points, d1The current unmanned ship sails at a speed equal to v (t) Δ t, v (t), and Δ t is a unit time of a control frequency of a control signal sent by the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship is controlled to sail; and the following judgments were made:
if the course angles of the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship sails to the two pre-aiming points along the straight line from the current position are smaller than the course angle threshold value
Figure FDA0003473613810000027
Controlling the current unmanned ship to accelerate;
if the course angle of the unmanned ship when the unmanned ship sails to the two pre-aiming points along the straight line from the current position is not less than the course angle threshold value
Figure FDA0003473613810000031
Or only one of the heading angles is not less than the heading angle threshold
Figure FDA0003473613810000032
Keeping the current sailing speed v (t) of the unmanned ship;
if D is>Lambda is the distance d from the target point in the initial path in front of the unmanned ship at present according to the following formulajTaking the jth preview point:
Figure FDA0003473613810000033
wherein, κjThe curvature of the jth preview point in the initial path is represented by j ═ 1, 2 and 3;
three aiming points P1, P2 and P3 are taken in total, and the aiming point distance d is calculated, wherein d is d1+d2+d3(ii) a Recording the current target point as P0, calculating included angles alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 between the course angle of the unmanned ship and vectors P0P1, P0P2 and P0P3 respectively, and then calculating the course turning angle of the current unmanned ship according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003473613810000034
wherein, T0Is a preset following time constant;
and judging according to the course turning angle as follows:
if it is
Figure FDA0003473613810000035
When the unmanned ship is in the high-speed state, the current unmanned ship is controlled to decelerate;
if it is
Figure FDA0003473613810000036
And keeping the current sailing speed v (t) of the unmanned ship.
CN202210049835.0A 2022-01-17 2022-01-17 Unmanned ship trajectory tracking method based on self-adaptive pre-aiming point and projection positioning Pending CN114527747A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115571299A (en) * 2022-12-08 2023-01-06 亿海蓝(北京)数据技术股份公司 Ship yaw judging method, device, readable storage medium and ship
CN116627145A (en) * 2023-07-25 2023-08-22 陕西欧卡电子智能科技有限公司 Autonomous navigation control method and system for unmanned pleasure boat
CN117742352A (en) * 2024-02-21 2024-03-22 陕西欧卡电子智能科技有限公司 Vector propulsion unmanned ship-based track control method, device, equipment and medium

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115571299A (en) * 2022-12-08 2023-01-06 亿海蓝(北京)数据技术股份公司 Ship yaw judging method, device, readable storage medium and ship
CN115571299B (en) * 2022-12-08 2023-03-03 亿海蓝(北京)数据技术股份公司 Ship yaw determination method and device, readable storage medium and ship
CN116627145A (en) * 2023-07-25 2023-08-22 陕西欧卡电子智能科技有限公司 Autonomous navigation control method and system for unmanned pleasure boat
CN116627145B (en) * 2023-07-25 2023-10-20 陕西欧卡电子智能科技有限公司 Autonomous navigation control method and system for unmanned pleasure boat
CN117742352A (en) * 2024-02-21 2024-03-22 陕西欧卡电子智能科技有限公司 Vector propulsion unmanned ship-based track control method, device, equipment and medium

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