CN114527239A - Comprehensive monitoring system and method for emission gas of nuclear power station chimney - Google Patents
Comprehensive monitoring system and method for emission gas of nuclear power station chimney Download PDFInfo
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- CN114527239A CN114527239A CN202210076124.2A CN202210076124A CN114527239A CN 114527239 A CN114527239 A CN 114527239A CN 202210076124 A CN202210076124 A CN 202210076124A CN 114527239 A CN114527239 A CN 114527239A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—Specially adapted to detect a particular component
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—Specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0055—Specially adapted to detect a particular component for radionuclides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive monitoring system and a method for the emission gas of a nuclear power station chimney, wherein the system comprises an aerosol detection subsystem, an iodine detection subsystem, a low-range inert gas detection subsystem, a high-range inert gas detection subsystem and a gas sampling subsystem; the gas sampling subsystem comprises a first gas sampling pipeline and a second gas sampling pipeline which are arranged in parallel, the aerosol detection subsystem and the iodine detection subsystem are sequentially arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline, and the low-range inert gas detection subsystem and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem are sequentially arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline. The system disclosed by the invention is reasonable in design and convenient to realize, can be effectively applied to comprehensive monitoring of the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station by combining with a monitoring method, realizes comprehensive monitoring of activities of aerosol, iodine and inert gas, and is large in monitoring range, high in precision, good in using effect and convenient to popularize and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation monitoring, and particularly relates to a comprehensive monitoring system and method for exhaust gas of a nuclear power station chimney.
Background
In order to protect personnel and public places of the nuclear power plant from radioactive irradiation, the nuclear power plant is provided with a radiation monitoring system (hereinafter, referred to as KRT system) for continuously monitoring the radioactivity of suspended matters in areas and air of the nuclear power plant, and technical processes and effluents of the nuclear power plant.
The KRT system comprises a sampling system, a detector, a processing unit, a centralized control cabinet and the like, and comprises dozens of measuring channels. Whether the process is normal or not and whether radioactive leakage exists or not are judged by monitoring gamma and beta activities of media including cooling water of a reactor, steam of a steam generator, air and aerosol in a containment, effluent of air and aerosol in a control room, a ventilating duct and a chimney, non-condensables in a condenser, gas and liquid, radioactive waste (such as resin) and the like.
The emission gas of the nuclear power station chimney includes various ray types, such as alpha ray, beta ray and gamma ray from aerosol and131gamma rays of I, and beta rays and gamma rays from inert gas, and85Kr、133xe emits both beta and gamma rays during decay,85kr emits beta rays of 0.67Mev in a percentage of 99% or more and gamma rays of 0.51Mev in a percentage of 0.4%, so that different detectors and different range pairs should be used and set85Kr、133Decay radiation of Xe, etc.
In the prior art, the detection range of the inert gas in the exhaust gas of the nuclear power station chimney is limited, the comprehensive monitoring system is lack of comprehensiveness, wide in monitoring range and high in detection efficiency, and can be used for efficiently and continuously monitoring the activity of aerosol, iodine and the inert gas in the exhaust gas of the nuclear power station chimney.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a system and a method for comprehensively monitoring the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station, wherein the system is reasonable in design and convenient to realize, can be effectively applied to comprehensively monitoring the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station by combining a monitoring method, realizes comprehensive monitoring of activity of aerosol, iodine and inert gas, and is large in monitoring range, high in precision, good in using effect and convenient to popularize and use.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a comprehensive monitoring system for exhaust gas of a nuclear power station chimney comprises an aerosol detection subsystem, an iodine detection subsystem, a low-range inert gas detection subsystem, a high-range inert gas detection subsystem and a gas sampling subsystem; the gas sampling subsystem comprises a first gas sampling pipeline and a second gas sampling pipeline which are arranged in parallel, the aerosol detection subsystem and the iodine detection subsystem are sequentially arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline, and the low-range inert gas detection subsystem and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem are sequentially arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the exhaust gas of the nuclear power station chimney is characterized in that the aerosol detection subsystem comprises an aerosol sampler arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline and an aerosol detector arranged on one side of the aerosol sampler, and the aerosol detector is connected with an aerosol local radiation processing unit.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the exhaust gas of the nuclear power station chimney is characterized in that the iodine detection subsystem comprises an iodine sampler arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline and an iodine detector arranged on one side of the iodine sampler, and the iodine detector is connected with an iodine in-situ radiation processing unit.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the emission gas of the nuclear power station chimney is characterized in that the low-range inert gas detection subsystem comprises a low-range inert gas measuring chamber arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline and a low-range inert gas detector arranged on the upper portion of the low-range inert gas measuring chamber, and the low-range inert gas detector is connected with a low-range inert gas on-site radiation processing unit.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station comprises a low-range inert gas measuring chamber and a low-range inert gas detector, wherein the low-range inert gas measuring chamber comprises a first closed cavity with a fixed volume, the low-range inert gas detector comprises a first front-end processor, a first beta plastic scintillator and a second beta plastic scintillator, the first beta plastic scintillator and the second beta plastic scintillator are both arranged on the upper portion of the first closed cavity, a first photomultiplier and a second photomultiplier are arranged on the upper portion of the first beta plastic scintillator, and the first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier are both connected with a first high-voltage module and a first detection signal processing module; and a third photomultiplier is arranged on the upper part of the second beta plastic scintillator and connected with a second high-voltage module and a second detection signal processing module, and the first detection signal processing module and the second detection signal processing module are connected with the input end of the first front-end processor.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the emission gas of the nuclear power station chimney is characterized in that the high-range inert gas detection subsystem comprises a high-range inert gas measuring chamber arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline and a high-range inert gas detector arranged on the upper portion of the high-range inert gas measuring chamber, and the high-range inert gas detector is connected with a high-range inert gas in-situ radiation processing unit.
The comprehensive monitoring system for the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station comprises a second closed cavity with a fixed volume, a high-range inert gas detector comprises a second front-end processor and a third beta plastic scintillator arranged on the upper part of the second closed cavity, a fourth photomultiplier is arranged on the upper part of the third beta plastic scintillator, the fourth photomultiplier is connected with a high-voltage adjusting module and a third detection signal processing module, the third detection signal processing module is connected with the input end of the second front-end processor, and the high-voltage adjusting module is connected with the output end of the second front-end processor.
The invention also discloses a comprehensive monitoring method for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station, and the method comprises the following steps:
sampling the gas discharged from the chimney of the nuclear power station by using the gas sampling subsystem; the method comprises the following steps that gas discharged from a chimney simultaneously enters a first gas sampling pipeline and a second gas sampling pipeline;
detecting radioactive aerosol in the stack exhaust gas entering the first gas sampling line using the aerosol detection subsystem;
detecting radioactive iodine in the stack exhaust gas entering the first gas sampling pipeline by using the iodine detection subsystem;
and detecting the radioactive inert gas in the chimney exhaust gas entering the second gas sampling pipeline by adopting the low-range inert gas detection subsystem and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem.
The comprehensive monitoring method for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station comprises the following specific steps of:
detecting alpha, beta in aerosol and gamma radiation in environment by adopting a PIPS semiconductor detector, wherein pulses generated by alpha, beta and gamma rays measured by the PIPS detector are connected into multiple channels through a front discharge circuit and generate a low-drift and high-resolution energy spectrum;
the PIPS semiconductor detector is arranged in a lead shielding body and is used for deducting the influence of gamma rays in the surrounding environment on the PIPS semiconductor detector;
deducting alpha rays generated by natural radon-thorium fonts through energy spectrum resolution to obtain artificial alpha activity concentration;
and (3) deducting beta rays of natural radon-thorium fonts through an alpha peak, and deducting gamma rays measured by a PIPS semiconductor detector through a plastic flash measurement signal to obtain the activity concentration of the artificial beta rays.
The comprehensive monitoring method for the emission gas of the nuclear power station chimney is characterized in that the specific process of detecting the radioactive inert gas in the emission gas of the chimney comprises the following steps:
the detection range of the low-range inert gas detection subsystem comprises a first range section and a second range section, the first range section adopts two beta detectors, and signals of the two beta detectors are converted into pulse signals through superposition, preamplification, discrimination and shaping, so that the activity concentration is calculated; the second measuring range adopts a beta detector, and the signal is converted into a pulse signal through current integration and voltage frequency to calculate the activity concentration; switching and displaying the first range section and the second range section by adopting a controller;
the high-range inert gas detection subsystem adopts a beta detector, signals are converted into pulse signals through current integration and voltage frequency, and when the signals exceed a set threshold value, the upper detection limit is improved by adjusting the sensitivity of the beta detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the system of the invention has reasonable design and convenient realization.
2. The aerosol detection subsystem and the iodine detection subsystem which are sequentially arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline respectively carry out the aerosol beta-ray and the iodine detection subsystem on the gas discharged from the chimney131Detecting the gamma rays; meanwhile, the activity of the inert gas in the gas discharged from the chimney is detected by the low-range inert gas detection subsystem and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem which are arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline, so that comprehensive monitoring is realized.
3. The invention designs a low-range inert gas detection subsystem and a high-range inert gas detection subsystem to realize wide-range detection of inert gas in the exhaust gas of a chimney.
4. The high-range inert gas detector effectively improves the detection upper limit to 1015Magnitude of detection range.
5. The invention can be effectively applied to the comprehensive monitoring of the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station, realizes the comprehensive monitoring of the activity of the aerosol, the iodine and the inert gas, has large monitoring range, high precision and good use effect, and is convenient for popularization and use.
In conclusion, the system disclosed by the invention is reasonable in design and convenient to realize, can be effectively applied to comprehensive monitoring of the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station by combining with a monitoring method, realizes comprehensive monitoring of activities of aerosol, iodine and inert gas, and is large in monitoring range, high in precision, good in using effect and convenient to popularize and use.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the low range inert gas detection subsystem of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the high range inert gas detection subsystem of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-an aerosol detection subsystem; 1-aerosol sampler;
1-2-aerosol detector; 1-3-aerosol in-situ radiation treatment unit;
2-an iodine detection subsystem; 2-1-iodine sampler;
2-iodine detector; 2-3-iodine in situ radiation treatment unit;
3-a low-range inert gas detection subsystem; 3-1-a low-range inert gas measuring chamber;
3-2-low range inert gas detector; 3-21 — a first front-end processor;
3-22-a first beta plastic scintillator; 3-23 — a second beta plastic scintillator;
3-24 — a first photomultiplier tube; 3-25-second photomultiplier;
3-26-a first high voltage module; 3-27-a first detection signal processing module;
3-28-third photomultiplier tube; 3-29-a second high voltage module;
3-210-second detection signal processing module;
3-a low-range inert gas in-situ radiation treatment unit;
4-high range inert gas detection subsystem; 4-1-high range inert gas measurement chamber;
4-2-high range inert gas detector; 4-21 — a second front-end processor;
4-22-a third beta plastic scintillator; 4-23-fourth photomultiplier tube;
4-24-high pressure regulating module; 4-25-third detection signal processing module;
4-3-high range inert gas in situ radiation treatment unit; 5-a first gas sampling line;
6-second gas sampling pipeline.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive monitoring system for the emission gas of the nuclear power station chimney comprises an aerosol detection subsystem 1, an iodine detection subsystem 2, a low-range inert gas detection subsystem 3, a high-range inert gas detection subsystem 4 and a gas sampling subsystem; the gas sampling subsystem comprises a first gas sampling pipeline 5 and a second gas sampling pipeline 6 which are arranged in parallel, the aerosol detection subsystem 1 and the iodine detection subsystem 2 are sequentially arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline 5, and the low-range inert gas detection subsystem 3 and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem 4 are sequentially arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline 6.
In specific implementation, the aerosol detection subsystem 1 is used for monitoring beta rays with the energy range of 80 keV-3.0 MeV of aerosol in the gas discharged from the nuclear power station chimney, and the iodine detection subsystem 2 is used for monitoring the beta rays with the energy range of 364.5keV in the gas discharged from the nuclear power station chimney131I gamma ray, low range inert gas detection subsystem 3 and high range inert gas detection subsystem 4 for monitoring inert gas in nuclear power station chimney exhaust gas85Kr、133Xe emits beta and gamma rays during decay. The aerosol detection subsystem 1 and the iodine detection subsystem 2 are installed on a first support and used as N1E-level monitoring equipment of the nuclear power station, and the low-range inert gas detection subsystem 3 and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem 4 are installed on a second support and used as 1E-level monitoring equipment of the nuclear power station.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the aerosol detection subsystem 1 includes an aerosol sampler 1-1 disposed on a first gas sampling pipe 5 and an aerosol detector 1-2 disposed on one side of the aerosol sampler 1-1, and the aerosol detector 1-2 is connected to an aerosol in-situ radiation processing unit 1-3.
During specific implementation, the aerosol sampler 1-1 and the aerosol detector 1-2 are integrally packaged through a stainless steel shell and are installed in a lead shield, the aerosol sampler 1-1 comprises an automatic paper feeding mechanism, radioactive aerosol in the exhaust gas of a chimney of a nuclear power station is sampled through filter paper, the aerosol detector 1-2 comprises a PIPS detector, the PIPS detector is opposite to the filter paper, alpha radiation and beta radiation of radon-thorium daughters deposited on the filter paper are measured, and beta counting accompanying the alpha radiation is deducted according to a branching coefficient through measurement of alpha activity; the aerosol local radiation processing unit 1-3 processes and displays the data detected by the aerosol detector 1-2, and sends out an alarm signal when the detection result exceeds a preset threshold value.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the iodine detecting subsystem 2 includes an iodine sampler 2-1 disposed on the first gas sampling pipeline 5 and an iodine detector 2-2 disposed on one side of the iodine sampler 2-1, and the iodine detector 2-2 is connected to an iodine in-situ radiation processing unit 2-3.
In specific implementation, the iodine sampler 2-1 and the iodine detector 2-2 are packaged in a lead shielding body together, the iodine sampler 2-1 comprises an iodine activated carbon adsorption box, radioactive iodine in the exhaust gas of a chimney of a nuclear power station is sampled through the fixed iodine activated carbon adsorption box, the iodine detector 2-2 comprises a NaI (Tl) detector, and the NaI (Tl) detector is opposite to the iodine activated carbon adsorption box. In order to improve the adsorption efficiency of iodine, the iodine activated carbon is TEDA-impregnated coconut shell activated carbon. The iodine in-situ radiation processing unit 2-3 processes and displays the data detected by the iodine detector 2-2, and sends out an alarm signal when the detection result exceeds a preset threshold value.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the low-range inert gas detection subsystem 3 includes a low-range inert gas measurement chamber 3-1 disposed on the second gas sampling pipeline 6 and a low-range inert gas detector 3-2 disposed on the upper portion of the low-range inert gas measurement chamber 3-1, and the low-range inert gas detector 3-2 is connected to the low-range inert gas in-situ radiation processing unit 3-3.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the low-range inert gas measurement chamber 3-1 includes a first closed cavity with a fixed volume, the low-range inert gas detector 3-2 includes a first front-end processor 3-21, and a first beta plastic scintillator 3-22 and a second beta plastic scintillator 3-23 both disposed on an upper portion of the first closed cavity, a first photomultiplier tube 3-24 and a second photomultiplier tube 3-25 are disposed on an upper portion of the first beta plastic scintillator 3-22, and the first photomultiplier tube 3-24 and the second photomultiplier tube 3-25 are both connected to a first high-voltage module 3-26 and a first detection signal processing module 3-27; the upper part of the second beta plastic scintillator 3-23 is provided with a third photomultiplier 3-28, the third photomultiplier 3-28 is connected with a second high-voltage module 3-29 and a second detection signal processing module 3-210, and the first detection signal processing module 3-27 and the second detection signal processing module 3-210 are both connected with the input end of the first front-end processor 3-21.
In specific implementation, the pulse counting circuit of a single detector can only realize six-order span and can only reach 3.7 multiplied by 10 under the influence of a pulse counter and a front-end processing circuit of an electronics part3～3.7×109Bq/m3The detection range of (2) which cannot meet the requirements of the nuclear power station. Therefore, the embodiment realizes the measuring range of 3.7 multiplied by 10 for measuring the inert gas in a pulse counting mode by matching the first beta plastic scintillator 3-22 with large area with the first photomultiplier tube 3-24 and the second photomultiplier tube 3-253～3.7×109Bq/m3Designing a large-area first beta plastic scintillator 3-22 to improve the detection efficiency; meanwhile, in order to avoid edge effect, a first photomultiplier 3-24 and a second photomultiplier 3-25 are designed on the first beta plastic scintillator 3-22; meanwhile, the second beta plastic scintillator 3-23 with small area is matched with the third photomultiplier 3-28 to realize the measuring range of 3.7 multiplied by 10 for measuring the inert gas in a current integration mode7～3.7×1012Bq/m3The method can widen the low-range stage of the detection of the inert gas in the exhaust gas of the nuclear power station chimney, and the span of six orders of magnitude is expanded into the span of nine orders of magnitude. The low-range inert gas in-situ radiation processing unit 3-3 processes and displays the data detected by the low-range inert gas detector 3-2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the high-range inert gas detection subsystem 4 includes a high-range inert gas measurement chamber 4-1 disposed on the second gas sampling pipeline 6 and a high-range inert gas detector 4-2 disposed on the upper portion of the high-range inert gas measurement chamber 4-1, and the high-range inert gas detector 4-2 is connected to a high-range inert gas in-situ radiation processing unit 4-3.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the high-range inert gas measurement chamber 4-1 includes a second sealed cavity with a fixed volume, the high-range inert gas detector 4-2 includes a second front-end processor 4-21 and a third beta plastic scintillator 4-22 disposed on the upper portion of the second sealed cavity, a fourth photomultiplier tube 4-23 is disposed on the upper portion of the third beta plastic scintillator 4-22, the fourth photomultiplier tube 4-23 is connected to a high-voltage adjustment module 4-24 and a third detection signal processing module 4-25, the third detection signal processing module 4-25 is connected to an input end of the second front-end processor 4-21, and the high-voltage adjustment module 4-24 is connected to an output end of the second front-end processor 4-21.
In specific implementation, in order to further improve the upper limit of detection of inert gases in the exhaust gases of the chimney of the nuclear power station and realize high-range detection, the range of measuring the inert gases is 1.0 multiplied by 10 by the third beta plastic scintillator 4-22 matched with the fourth photomultiplier tube 4-23 in a current integration mode6～3.7×1011Bq/m3When the measured value reached 3.7X 1011Bq/m3When the detection upper limit is reached, the voltage output value of the high-voltage adjusting module 4-24 is controlled and adjusted through the second front-end processor 4-21, the sensitivity factor of the fourth photomultiplier tube 4-23 is reduced, the detection upper limit is further improved, and finally the detection upper limit reaches 1015An order of magnitude of the detection range. The high-range inert gas in-situ radiation processing unit 4-3 processes and displays the data detected by the high-range inert gas detector 4-2, and sends out an alarm signal when the detection result exceeds a preset threshold value.
The comprehensive monitoring method for the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power station comprises the following steps:
sampling the gas discharged from the chimney of the nuclear power station by using the gas sampling subsystem; the gas discharged from the chimney simultaneously enters a first gas sampling pipeline 5 and a second gas sampling pipeline 6;
detecting radioactive aerosol in the stack exhaust gas entering the first gas sampling pipeline 5 by using the aerosol detection subsystem 1;
detecting radioactive iodine in the stack exhaust gas entering the first gas sampling pipeline 5 by using the iodine detection subsystem 2;
and detecting the radioactive inert gas in the stack exhaust gas entering the second gas sampling pipeline 6 by adopting the low-range inert gas detection subsystem 3 and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem 4.
In this embodiment, the specific process of detecting the radioactive aerosol includes:
detecting alpha, beta in aerosol and gamma radiation in environment by adopting a PIPS semiconductor detector, wherein pulses generated by alpha, beta and gamma rays measured by the PIPS detector are connected into multiple channels through a front discharge circuit and generate a low-drift and high-resolution energy spectrum;
the PIPS semiconductor detector is arranged in a lead shielding body and is used for deducting the influence of gamma rays in the surrounding environment on the PIPS semiconductor detector;
deducting alpha rays generated by natural radon-thorium fonts through energy spectrum resolution to obtain artificial alpha activity concentration;
and (3) deducting beta rays of natural radon-thorium fonts through an alpha peak, and deducting gamma rays measured by a PIPS semiconductor detector through a plastic flash measurement signal to obtain the activity concentration of the artificial beta rays.
In this embodiment, the specific process of detecting the radioactive inert gas in the exhaust gas of the chimney includes:
the detection range of the low-range inert gas detection subsystem 3 comprises a first range section and a second range section, the first range section adopts two beta detectors, and signals of the two beta detectors are converted into pulse signals through superposition, preamplification, discrimination and shaping, so that the activity concentration is calculated; the second measuring range adopts a beta detector, and the signal is converted into a pulse signal through current integration and voltage frequency to calculate the activity concentration; switching and displaying the first range section and the second range section by adopting a controller;
the high-range inert gas detection subsystem 4 adopts a beta detector, signals are converted into pulse signals through current integration and voltage frequency, and when the signals exceed a set threshold value, the upper detection limit is improved by adjusting the sensitivity of the beta detector.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a nuclear power station chimney exhaust gas integrated monitoring system which characterized in that: the system comprises an aerosol detection subsystem (1), an iodine detection subsystem (2), a low-range inert gas detection subsystem (3), a high-range inert gas detection subsystem (4) and a gas sampling subsystem; the gas sampling subsystem comprises a first gas sampling pipeline (5) and a second gas sampling pipeline (6) which are arranged in parallel, the aerosol detection subsystem (1) and the iodine detection subsystem (2) are sequentially arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline (5), and the low-range inert gas detection subsystem (3) and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem (4) are sequentially arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline (6).
2. The integrated monitoring system for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aerosol detection subsystem (1) comprises an aerosol sampler (1-1) arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline (5) and an aerosol detector (1-2) arranged on one side of the aerosol sampler (1-1), and the aerosol detector (1-2) is connected with an aerosol local radiation processing unit (1-3).
3. The integrated monitoring system for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the iodine detection subsystem (2) comprises an iodine sampler (2-1) arranged on the first gas sampling pipeline (5) and an iodine detector (2-2) arranged on one side of the iodine sampler (2-1), and the iodine detector (2-2) is connected with an iodine in-situ radiation processing unit (2-3).
4. The integrated monitoring system for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the low-range inert gas detection subsystem (3) comprises a low-range inert gas measurement chamber (3-1) arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline (6) and a low-range inert gas detector (3-2) arranged at the upper part of the low-range inert gas measurement chamber (3-1), and the low-range inert gas detector (3-2) is connected with a low-range inert gas on-site radiation processing unit (3-3).
5. The system for comprehensively monitoring the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the low-range inert gas measuring chamber (3-1) comprises a first closed cavity with a fixed volume, the low-range inert gas detector (3-2) comprises a first front-end processor (3-21) and a first beta plastic scintillator (3-22) and a second beta plastic scintillator (3-23) which are arranged on the upper portion of the first closed cavity, a first photomultiplier (3-24) and a second photomultiplier (3-25) are arranged on the upper portion of the first beta plastic scintillator (3-22), and the first photomultiplier (3-24) and the second photomultiplier (3-25) are connected with a first high-voltage module (3-26) and a first detection signal processing module (3-27); the upper part of the second beta plastic scintillator (3-23) is provided with a third photomultiplier (3-28), the third photomultiplier (3-28) is connected with a second high-voltage module (3-29) and a second detection signal processing module (3-210), and the first detection signal processing module (3-27) and the second detection signal processing module (3-210) are connected with the input end of a first front-end processor (3-21).
6. The integrated monitoring system for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant as recited in claim 5, wherein: the high-range inert gas detection subsystem (4) comprises a high-range inert gas measurement chamber (4-1) arranged on the second gas sampling pipeline (6) and a high-range inert gas detector (4-2) arranged on the upper part of the high-range inert gas measurement chamber (4-1), and the high-range inert gas detector (4-2) is connected with a high-range inert gas in-situ radiation processing unit (4-3).
7. The integrated monitoring system for the emission gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant as recited in claim 6, wherein: the high-range inert gas measuring chamber (4-1) comprises a second closed cavity with fixed volume, the high-range inert gas detector (4-2) comprises a second front-end processor (4-21) and a third beta plastic scintillator (4-22) arranged at the upper part of a second closed cavity, a fourth photomultiplier (4-23) is arranged at the upper part of the third beta plastic scintillator (4-22), the fourth photomultiplier (4-23) is connected with a high-voltage adjusting module (4-24) and a third detection signal processing module (4-25), the third detection signal processing module (4-25) is connected with the input end of the second front-end processor (4-21), the high-voltage regulating module (4-24) is connected with the output end of the second front-end processor (4-21).
8. A method for comprehensively monitoring the emission gas of a chimney of a nuclear power plant, which is characterized by adopting the system as claimed in claims 1-7, and the method comprises the following steps:
sampling the gas discharged from the chimney of the nuclear power station by using the gas sampling subsystem; the gas discharged from the chimney simultaneously enters a first gas sampling pipeline (5) and a second gas sampling pipeline (6);
detecting radioactive aerosol in the stack exhaust gas entering the first gas sampling pipeline (5) by using the aerosol detection subsystem (1);
detecting radioactive iodine in the stack exhaust gas entering the first gas sampling pipeline (5) by using the iodine detection subsystem (2);
and detecting the radioactive inert gas in the stack exhaust gas entering the second gas sampling pipeline (6) by adopting the low-range inert gas detection subsystem (3) and the high-range inert gas detection subsystem (4).
9. The method for comprehensively monitoring the exhaust gas of the chimney of the nuclear power plant according to claim 8, wherein the specific process for detecting the radioactive aerosol comprises the following steps:
detecting alpha, beta in aerosol and gamma radiation in environment by adopting a PIPS semiconductor detector, wherein pulses generated by alpha, beta and gamma rays measured by the PIPS detector are connected into multiple channels through a front discharge circuit and generate a low-drift and high-resolution energy spectrum;
the PIPS semiconductor detector is arranged in a lead shielding body and is used for deducting the influence of gamma rays in the surrounding environment on the PIPS semiconductor detector;
deducting alpha rays generated by natural radon-thorium fonts through energy spectrum resolution to obtain artificial alpha activity concentration;
and (3) deducting beta rays of natural radon-thorium fonts through an alpha peak, and deducting gamma rays measured by a PIPS semiconductor detector through a plastic flash measurement signal to obtain the activity concentration of the artificial beta rays.
10. The method for comprehensively monitoring the stack emission gas of the nuclear power plant as recited in claim 8, wherein the specific process for detecting the radioactive inert gas in the stack emission gas comprises the following steps:
the detection range of the low-range inert gas detection subsystem (3) comprises a first range section and a second range section, wherein the first range section adopts two beta detectors, and signals of the two beta detectors are converted into pulse signals through superposition, preamplification, discrimination and shaping, so that the activity concentration is calculated; the second measuring range adopts a beta detector, and the signal is converted into a pulse signal through current integration and voltage frequency to calculate the activity concentration; switching and displaying the first range section and the second range section by adopting a controller;
the high-range inert gas detection subsystem (4) adopts a beta detector, signals are converted into pulse signals through current integration and voltage frequency, and when the signals exceed a set threshold value, the detection upper limit is improved by adjusting the sensitivity of the beta detector.
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