CN114526604A

CN114526604A - Vacuum smelting furnace

Info

Publication number: CN114526604A
Application number: CN202210130905.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范文豪; 陆旭
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-02-12
Filing date: 2022-02-12
Publication date: 2022-05-24

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting furnaces, and particularly relates to a vacuum smelting furnace, which comprises: a housing; a crucible disposed inside the housing; the base is arranged below the shell and used for supporting the shell; a cover fixedly arranged above the shell to prevent vacuum leakage; the frame is arranged inside the shell and is used for supporting the crucible; further comprising: the transmission device is arranged inside the base; the stirring device is arranged in the lower end of the shell and used for stirring materials in the crucible, and the transmission device and the stirring device are arranged, so that the traditional stirring rod is replaced by the stirring device, the space of the crucible for receiving the materials is enlarged, the materials for one-time smelting are improved, and the production efficiency of the smelting furnace is improved.

Description

Vacuum smelting furnace

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting furnaces, and particularly relates to a vacuum smelting furnace.

Background

A vacuum smelting furnace for smelting alloy steel is provided with a coil outside the furnace, and the coil is introduced with repeatedly changing current to generate eddy current in the metal in the furnace. The heat generated by the eddy currents melts the metal. The advantage of using vortex to smelt metal is that the whole process can be carried out in vacuum, thus preventing impurities in the air from entering the metal and smelting high quality alloy.

The vacuum smelting furnace generally comprises a hearth, an electric heating device, a sealed furnace shell, a vacuum system, a power supply system, a temperature control system and the like. The sealed furnace shell is welded by carbon steel or stainless steel, and the joint surface of the detachable part is sealed by vacuum sealing material. In order to prevent the furnace shell from deforming after being heated and the sealing material from deteriorating after being heated, the furnace shell is cooled by water cooling or air cooling. The hearth is positioned in the sealed furnace shell. Depending on the furnace application, the furnace chamber is equipped with different types of heating elements, such as resistors, induction coils, electrodes, electron guns, etc. The crucible is arranged in the hearth of the vacuum smelting furnace for smelting metal, and an automatic pouring device, a loading and unloading manipulator and the like are also arranged in some furnaces. The vacuum system mainly comprises a vacuum pump, a vacuum valve, a vacuum gauge and the like.

Current vacuum stirring response smelting furnace, some can utilize agitating unit to stir the crucible, and the crucible passes through agitating unit suspension and puts at the central point of vacuum smelting furnace, and the volume of crucible receives the restriction, and the volume of the alloy of once only smelting this moment also receives the restriction, has negative influence to production efficiency's promotion.

In view of this, a vacuum smelting furnace is proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vacuum smelting furnace, and the specific problem to be solved by the invention is that in the existing vacuum stirring induction smelting furnace, a crucible is stirred by a stirring device, the crucible is suspended at the central position of the vacuum smelting furnace through the stirring device, the volume of the crucible is limited, the amount of alloy smelted at one time is limited, and the production efficiency cannot be improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a vacuum smelting furnace comprising:

a housing;

a crucible disposed inside the housing;

the base is arranged below the shell and used for supporting the shell;

a cover fixedly disposed above the housing to prevent vacuum leakage;

a shelf disposed inside the housing for supporting the crucible;

further comprising:

the transmission device is arranged inside the base;

and the stirring device is arranged inside the lower end of the shell and is used for stirring the materials inside the crucible.

Preferably, the transmission means comprises:

the air pump is arranged in the base and used for providing power;

the air storage tank is arranged above the air pump;

the first pipeline is communicated with the air storage tank and the lower end of the shell;

the air inlet of the air pump penetrates through the lower end of the base and is communicated with the outside, and the air outlet of the air pump penetrates through the upper end of the base and is communicated with the air storage tank.

Preferably, the stirring device includes:

the groove A is formed in the lower end of the shell;

one ends of the two rotating shafts are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the groove A, and the two rotating shafts are bilaterally symmetrical;

the impeller is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft;

the pinion is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft;

the fixed shaft is fixedly arranged above the base;

the large gear is rotationally connected to the outer wall of the fixed shaft and is matched with the small gear to form gear transmission;

the big gear is provided with a bulge;

the groove B is formed in the bottom end of the crucible, and the protrusion is arranged inside the groove B.

Preferably, a filter screen is arranged at the air inlet end of the air pump.

Preferably, the inner parts of the two sides of the shell are provided with

A sealing device, the sealing device comprising:

the air passage is arranged in the shell and penetrates through the groove A and the cover;

the C groove is formed in two sides of the air passage;

the elastic sealing element is arranged in the C groove and is in sliding connection with the outer wall of the C groove;

a spring disposed below the elastic seal;

the air bag is arranged in the air passage and is communicated with the C grooves at the two ends;

and the D groove is arranged inside the cover and is matched with the C groove.

Preferably, the inner bottom end of the air passage is provided with a heating sheet.

Preferably, the rotating shaft is connected with the housing by a bearing.

Preferably, a gap is reserved between the top end of the rotating shaft and the shell.

Preferably, a handle is arranged above the cover.

Preferably, the first pipeline is provided with an A check valve.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, by arranging the transmission device and the stirring device, materials are firstly introduced into the crucible, and the transmission device is started to provide power for the stirring device to stir the materials; the crucible is directly supported by the frame, so that the space for the crucible to receive materials is enlarged, the materials for one-time smelting are improved, and the production efficiency of the smelting furnace is improved.

2. The sealing device is arranged, and the residual power generated by driving the stirring device to move by the transmission device is utilized to drive the sealing device to work, so that the sealing effect of the stirring device is better.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 taken at I.

In the figure: the device comprises a shell 1, a frame 12, a groove A13, a groove B14, a crucible 2, a base 3, a transmission device 4, an air pump 41, an air storage tank 42, a first pipeline 43, an A one-way valve 44, a cover 5, a groove D51, a handle 52, a stirring device 6, a rotating shaft 61, an impeller 62, a pinion 63, a fixed shaft 64, a large gear 65, a bulge 651, a bearing 66, a sealing device 7, an air passage 71, a groove C72, an elastic sealing element 73, a spring 74, an air bag 75 and a heating sheet 8.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a vacuum smelting furnace, and aims to solve the specific problems that an inner crucible of a common existing vacuum smelting furnace needs to be fixed by a clamping device, the volume of the crucible is limited, the amount of alloy smelted at one time is limited, and the production efficiency cannot be improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention has the following general idea: according to the invention, the transmission device and the stirring device are arranged, so that the materials are firstly introduced into the crucible, the transmission device provides power for the stirring device, and the materials are stirred to replace the traditional stirring.

In order to better understand the technical solution, referring to fig. 1 to 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a vacuum smelting furnace includes:

a housing 1;

the crucible 2 is arranged inside the shell 1;

the base 3 is arranged below the shell 1 and used for supporting the shell 1;

the cover 5, the cover 5 is fixedly arranged above the outer casing 1, prevent the vacuum leakage;

a shelf 12, the shelf 12 being provided inside the housing 1 for supporting the crucible 2;

further comprising:

the transmission device 4 is arranged inside the base 3;

and the stirring device 6 is arranged inside the lower end of the shell 1 and is used for stirring the materials inside the crucible 2.

According to the invention, by arranging the transmission device 4 and the stirring device 6, materials are poured into the crucible 2, then the cover 5 is covered, the interior of the shell 1 is vacuumized by an external vacuumizing device, the coil is arranged on the frame 12, and the materials in the crucible are electromagnetically heated by electrifying the coil;

starting the transmission device 4, wherein the transmission device 4 provides power for the stirring device 6 to stir the materials;

compared with the prior art, the stirring device 6 is used for replacing the traditional stirring rod, so that the space of the crucible 2 for receiving materials is enlarged, the quantity of the materials for one-time smelting is increased, and the production efficiency of the smelting furnace is improved.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the transmission 4 includes:

the air pump 41 is arranged inside the base 3 and used for providing power;

the air storage tank 42, the air storage tank 42 is set up above the air pump 41;

a first pipe 43, the first pipe 43 communicating the air storage tank 42 and the lower end of the housing 1;

an air inlet of the air pump 41 penetrates through the lower end of the base 1 and is communicated with the outside, and an air outlet of the air pump 41 penetrates through the upper end of the base 41 and is communicated with the air storage tank 42.

After pouring the material into crucible 2 inside and covering lid 5, start air pump 41, air pump 41 admits air through the air inlet, aerifys to gas outlet one end, and gas all enters into the inside of gas storage tank 42 this moment, and along with gaseous continuous pump income, gas can upwards discharge through first pipeline 42, provides power to agitating unit 6, drives agitating unit 6 work.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the stirring device 6 includes:

the A groove 13 is formed in the lower end of the shell 1;

one ends of the two rotating shafts 61 are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the A groove 13, and the two rotating shafts 61 are bilaterally symmetrical;

the impeller 62, the impeller 62 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 61;

a pinion 63, the pinion 63 being fixedly connected to an outer wall of the rotating shaft 61;

the fixed shaft 64, the fixed shaft 64 is fixedly arranged above the base 3;

the large gear 65 is rotationally connected to the outer wall of the fixed shaft 64, and the large gear 65 is matched with the small gear 63 to form gear transmission;

the convex 651 is fixedly connected to the big gear 65;

the B groove 14, the B groove 14 is arranged at the bottom end of the crucible 2, and the bulge 651 extends into the B groove 14.

Gas flows out through the first pipeline 43, the gas can drive the impeller 62 to rotate due to the upward air blowing of the air pump 41, the impeller 62 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 61 to rotate, at the moment, the pinion 63 also rotates along with the rotating shaft to drive the gearwheel 65 to rotate, the gearwheel 65 is provided with a bulge 651, the bottom end of the crucible 2 is provided with a B groove 14 matched with the bulge 651, the bulge 651 is arranged in the B groove 14, at the moment, the gearwheel 65 drives the crucible 2 to rotate together, in the actual manufacturing process, the rotating friction between the crucible 2 and the frame 12 is reduced by arranging balls and bearings between the crucible 2 and the frame 12, the requirement for reducing the driving force for driving the crucible 2 to rotate is further met, the crucible 2 rotates to generate centrifugal force, the material in the crucible 2 moves due to inertia of the material, and electromagnetic stirring can be generated when the metal is heated by using a coil, the metal solution can be arched upwards in the central part of the crucible 2 by electromagnetic stirring and overturned up and down, and the stirring device 6 drives the solution outside the metal solution to rotate, so that the material is heated uniformly;

the impellers 62 are even and more than 2 in number and are symmetrically arranged, so that on one hand, the balance of the stirring device 6 can be ensured, and on the other hand, the loss caused by the fact that a plurality of impellers 62 drive the large gear 65 to rotate through the small gear 63 is far less than the damage caused by the fact that one impeller 62 drives the large gear 65 through the small gear 63;

compared with the prior art, the stirring device 6 is arranged to replace a traditional stirring rod to stir the interior of the crucible 2, so that the volume and the volume of the crucible 2 are increased, and the materials for one-time smelting are improved, thereby improving the production efficiency of the smelting furnace.

As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a filter screen is provided at an air inlet end of the air pump 41.

In the process of air intake of the air pump 41, the filter screen is arranged at the air inlet end of the air pump 41, so that impurities are further prevented from entering the air pump 41, and the air pump 41 is prevented from being damaged by the impurities.

As a specific embodiment of the invention, the shell 1 is provided with openings at the inner parts of two sides

A sealing device 7, the sealing device 7 comprising:

the air channel 71 is formed in the shell 1, and the air channel 71 penetrates through the groove A13 and the cover 5;

the C groove 72 is formed in two sides of the air channel 71;

the elastic sealing piece 73 is arranged in the C groove 72, and the elastic sealing piece 73 is connected with the outer wall of the C groove 72 in a sliding and sealing mode;

a spring 74, the spring 74 being fixedly disposed below the elastic seal 73;

the air bag 75 is arranged in the air passage, and is communicated with the C grooves 72 at the two ends;

the D groove 51 is formed in the cover 5, and the D groove 51 is matched with the C groove 72.

When the smelting furnace is in a working state, the smelting furnace is sealed, part of gas flowing out of the second pipeline 44 flows into the gas channel 71, the gas in the gas channel 71 flows upwards to increase the pressure inside the gas channel 71, the air bag 75 is positioned inside the gas channel to block the gas from flowing out, therefore, under the action of the pressure, the gas flow impacts the air bag 75 to press the air bag 75, part of the gas in the air bag 75 flows into the lower end of the C groove 72, the gas gradually increases, the pressure at the lower end of the C groove 72 is overlarge, the elastic sealing element 73 moves upwards to the D groove 51, and the shell 1 and the cover 11 are sealed;

when the smelting furnace stops working, the air pressure in the air passage 71 is reduced until the air pressure is the same as the external air pressure, at the moment, the elastic sealing piece 73 moves downwards due to the action of the spring 74, and the air route at the lower end of the C groove 72 returns to the air bag 75, so that the cover 11 above the shell 1 is conveniently opened.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner bottom of the air duct 71 is provided with a heating sheet 8.

During the upward movement of the gas in the gas channel 71, the heating sheet 8 is heated by electricity, so that the temperature of the gas is increased during the process of passing through the heating sheet 8; on one hand, the air pump works by utilizing compressed air, the temperature of the compressed air is low, the heat loss in the furnace body can be accelerated by the flow of the compressed air in the air passage 71, and the heat loss rate can be reduced by arranging the heating sheets 8 to heat the air; on the other hand, in the process of the high-temperature gas flowing upwards, the heat of the high-temperature gas enters the elastic sealing member 73 through the housing 1, and at this time, the elastic sealing member 73 is heated and expanded, so that the sealing effect of the sealing device 7 is further increased.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotary shaft 61 is coupled to the housing 1 by a bearing 66.

The bearing 66 is adopted to connect the rotating shaft 61 and the housing 1, and when the rotating shaft 61 rotates, the rotating shaft 61 is prevented from being in direct contact with the housing 1, so that friction is reduced, and the service life of the rotating shaft 61 and the housing 1 is prolonged.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a gap is provided between the top end of the rotating shaft 61 and the housing 1.

The rotation shaft 61 rotates with a gap between the tip of the rotation shaft 61 and the housing 1, thereby preventing friction between the tip of the rotation shaft 61 and the housing 1 and increasing the service life of the tip of the rotation shaft 61 and the housing 1.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a handle 51 is provided above the lid 5.

After smelting, products after smelting need to be poured out, and a handle 51 is arranged above the cover 5, so that the operation of an operator is facilitated.

As an embodiment of the present invention, an a check valve 44 is provided on the first pipe 43.

The A check valve 44 is arranged on the first pipeline 43, and the A check valve 44 is a pressure check valve, so that gas can only enter the gas storage tank 42 along the first pipeline 43; make gas gather at gas holder 42 for the inside pressure increase of gas holder 42, when gas pressure was greater than the default of A check valve 44 this moment, gas gushed and is assaulted impeller 62, drives impeller 62 and rotates, has further guaranteed impeller 62's rotation, the inhomogeneous condition of gas gushing out can not appear.

The working principle is as follows: after pouring the material into 2 inside lids 5 of crucible, start air pump 41, air pump 41 admits air through the air inlet, aerifys to gas outlet one end, and gas all enters into the inside of gas storage tank 42 this moment, and along with gaseous continuous pump income, gas can upwards discharge through first pipeline 42, provides the drive to agitating unit 6, drives agitating unit 6 work.

The gas flows out through the first pipeline 43, the gas can drive the impeller 62 to rotate because the gas pump 41 blows gas upwards, the impeller 62 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 61 to rotate, at the moment, the pinion 63 also rotates along with the rotating shaft to drive the bull gear 65 to rotate, the bull gear 65 is provided with a bulge 651, the bottom end of the crucible 2 is provided with a B groove 14 matched with the bulge 651, the bulge 651 is arranged in the B groove 14, at the moment, the bull gear 65 drives the crucible 2 to rotate together, the crucible 2 rotates to generate centrifugal force, because the material has inertia, the material in the crucible 2 moves, and when the coil is used for heating metal, electromagnetic stirring can be generated, the metal solution can be upwards arched and upwards in the central part of the crucible 2 through the electromagnetic stirring, the metal solution is overturned up and down, and the stirring device 6 drives the solution outside the metal solution to rotate, so that the material is uniformly heated;

when the smelting furnace is in a working state, the smelting furnace is sealed, part of gas flowing out of the second pipeline 44 flows into the gas channel 71 at the moment, the gas in the gas channel 71 flows upwards to impact the gas bag 75, the gas presses the gas bag 75, part of the gas in the gas bag 75 flows into the lower end of the C groove 72 at the moment, the gas is gradually increased, the pressure at the lower end of the C groove 72 is overlarge at the moment, the elastic sealing element 73 moves upwards to the D groove 51, the shell 1 and the cover 11 are sealed, and the processing process is guaranteed to be in a vacuum state;

when the furnace is stopped, there is no gas in the gas duct 71, and at this time, the elastic sealing member 73 moves downward due to the action of the spring 74, and the gas path at the lower end of the C-shaped groove 72 returns to the gas bag 75, so that the cover 11 above the casing 1 can be opened easily.

The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, however, as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist, the above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but cannot therefore be understood as a limitation to the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vacuum smelting furnace comprising:

a housing (1);

the crucible (2), the crucible (2) is arranged inside the shell (1);

the base (3) is arranged below the shell (1) and used for supporting the shell (1);

the cover (5) is fixedly arranged above the shell (1), and the vacuum leakage is prevented;

a shelf (12), said shelf (12) being arranged inside the housing (1) for supporting the crucible (2);

it is characterized by also comprising:

the transmission device (4), the said transmission device (4) is set up in the base (3);

the stirring device (6) is arranged inside the lower end of the shell (1) and used for stirring materials inside the crucible (2).

2. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission (4) comprises:

the air pump (41) is arranged in the base (3) and used for providing power;

the air storage tank (42), the said air storage tank (42) is set up above the air pump (41);

a first pipeline (43), wherein the first pipeline (43) is communicated with the air storage tank (42) and the lower end of the shell (1);

an air inlet of the air pump (41) penetrates through the lower end of the base (1) and is communicated with the outside, and an air outlet of the air pump (41) penetrates through the upper end of the base (41) and is communicated with the air storage tank (42).

3. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring device (6) comprises:

the groove A (13) is formed in the lower end of the shell (1);

one ends of the two rotating shafts (61) are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the groove A (13), and the two rotating shafts (61) are bilaterally symmetrical;

the impeller (62), the said impeller (62) is fixedly connected to outer wall of the rotating shaft (61);

a pinion (63), wherein the pinion (63) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (61);

the fixing shaft (64), the said fixing shaft (64) is fixedly arranged above the base (3);

the large gear (65) is rotationally connected to the outer wall of the fixed shaft (64), and the large gear (65) is matched with the small gear (63) to form gear transmission;

the big gear (65) is provided with a bulge (651);

the B groove (14), the B groove (14) is arranged at the bottom end of the crucible (2), and the bulge (651) is arranged inside the B groove (14).

4. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a filter screen is arranged at the air inlet end of the air pump (41).

5. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: sealing device (7) have been seted up to shell (1) both sides inside, sealing device (7) include:

the air passage (71) is formed in the shell (1) and penetrates through the groove A (13) and the cover (5);

the C groove (72) is formed in two sides of the air channel (71);

the elastic sealing piece (73) is arranged in the C groove (72), and the elastic sealing piece (73) is in sliding connection with the outer wall of the C groove (72);

a spring (74), the spring (74) being disposed below the resilient seal (73);

the air bag (75) is arranged in the air passage, and is communicated with the C grooves (72) at the two ends;

and the D groove (51) is formed in the cover (5) and is matched with the C groove (72).

6. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: and a heating sheet (8) is arranged at the bottom end of the inner part of the air passage (71).

7. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rotating shaft (61) is connected with the shell (1) by a bearing (66).

8. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: a gap is reserved between the top end of the rotating shaft (61) and the shell (1).

9. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: a handle (51) is arranged above the cover (5).

10. A vacuum smelting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first pipeline (43) is provided with an A check valve (44).