CN114525531A - Water electrolytic tank - Google Patents
Water electrolytic tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN114525531A CN114525531A CN202210195555.0A CN202210195555A CN114525531A CN 114525531 A CN114525531 A CN 114525531A CN 202210195555 A CN202210195555 A CN 202210195555A CN 114525531 A CN114525531 A CN 114525531A
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- plate
- gasket
- water
- membrane electrode
- annular gasket
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 70
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000569 greater omentum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005267 amalgamation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a water electrolyzer, which relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy and comprises a first annular gasket, a first backing plate, a membrane electrode, a second backing plate and a second annular gasket which are arranged in sequence; the first backing plate and the second backing plate are tightly connected with the membrane electrode under the pressure of 5 t-10 t; the first annular gasket is tightly connected with the first base plate under the pressure of 5 t-10 t; the second annular gasket is tightly connected with the second annular gasket under the pressure of 5 t-10 t; the material of the first annular gasket and the second annular gasket comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. The water electrolyzer provided by the application has the advantages of small resistance, low power consumption and low energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy, in particular to a water electrolysis cell.
Background
Hydrogen is a renewable clean energy source, is extremely combustible, colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless and insoluble in water, and has a chemical formula of H2The use of hydrogen is becoming more widespread when pollution is severe.
Hydrogen manufacturing tank of water electrolysis, it is a comparatively convenient method of preparing hydrogen, need not specific solution and generate, follow Faraday's law, let the hydrone take place electrochemical reaction on the electrode, decompose into hydrogen and oxygen, and what present hydrogen manufacturing tank of water electrolysis adopted is the gasket of silica gel material, in the great amalgamation of pressure, easy deformation, lead to the emergence of the condition such as leaking, and the laminating of the undersize of exerting pressure, can not make the clearance elimination between membrane electrode and the backing plate, thereby can't reduce resistance, save the power consumption, consequently need to design a water electrolysis tank to solve above-mentioned problem urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The water electrolyzer has the advantages of small resistance, low power consumption and low energy consumption.
The water electrolysis bath comprises a first annular gasket, a first base plate, a membrane electrode, a second base plate and a second annular gasket which are arranged in sequence;
the first base plate and the second base plate are tightly connected with the membrane electrode under the pressure of 5-10 t;
the first annular gasket is tightly connected with the first base plate under the pressure of 5-10 t; the second annular gasket is tightly connected with the second annular gasket under the pressure of 5-10 t;
the material of the first annular gasket and the second annular gasket comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the first and second cauls each comprise a titanium foam sheet; the foamed titanium plate is provided with a plurality of micropores with the aperture of 5-300 mu m;
the membrane electrode surface is partially embedded in the micropores under the action of the pressure.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the first and second cauls each comprise a mesh; the meshes are uniformly distributed on one side of the titanium foam plate away from the membrane electrode;
the net sheet is provided with a plurality of small holes with the aperture larger than the micropores.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the mesh has a thickness not less than a thickness of the titanium foam sheet.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the mesh has a thickness of 0.5 to 3.1 mm; and/or
The thickness of the titanium foam plate is 0.3-2.2 mm.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the first annular gasket is disposed on an anode side of the membrane electrode; the first annular gasket comprises a first annular member and a first chamber enclosed by the first annular member;
the first annular piece is provided with a first water guide part and a second water guide part;
the first water guide part and the second water guide part respectively comprise a flow guide hole and a plurality of flow channels; one end of the flow passage is communicated with the flow guide hole, and the other end of the flow passage is communicated with the first cavity; the flow passages are distributed in a fan shape from the flow guide holes to the first cavity;
the first water guide part is positioned at the upper part of the first annular gasket; the second water guide part is located below the first annular gasket.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the first annular gasket includes a first gasket a, a first gasket B, and a first gasket C, which are sequentially disposed; the first gasket A is connected with the membrane electrode; the first water guide part and the second water guide part are arranged on the first B gasket;
the second annular gasket comprises a second gasket A, a second gasket B and a second gasket C which are arranged in sequence; the second gasket A is connected with the membrane electrode.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the water electrolyzer further comprises a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate respectively located on both sides of the membrane electrode; the first conductive plate is connected with one side, away from the membrane electrode, of the first annular gasket; the second conductive plate is connected with one side, away from the membrane electrode, of the second annular gasket;
the first conductive plate is provided with a first water guide hole communicated with the water guide part on the first annular gasket;
the second conductive plate is provided with a second water guide hole communicated with the water guide part on the second annular gasket;
and the first current-conducting plate and the second current-conducting plate are both provided with a current-conducting lug of an external power supply.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the water electrolyzer further comprises a first end plate and a second end plate respectively located on both sides of the membrane electrode;
the first end plate is positioned on one side of the first conductive plate, which is far away from the membrane electrode; a first insulating plate is arranged between the first end plate and the first conducting plate;
the second end plate is positioned on one side of the second conductive plate far away from the membrane electrode; a second insulating plate is arranged between the second end plate and the second conductive plate;
a water inlet hole is formed in the first end plate and communicated with the first water guide hole; and a water outlet hole is formed in the second end plate and communicated with the second water guide hole.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the first end plate, the first insulating plate, the first conductive plate, the first shim plate, the second conductive plate, the second insulating plate, and the second end plate are connected by a plurality of fasteners;
spring gaskets are arranged between the fastening piece and the first end plate and between the fastening piece and the second end plate; the spring spacer remains compressed when the fastener is attached to the first and second end plates.
The application provides a water electrolysis tank, adopt 5t ~ 10 t's pressure with first backing plate, the inseparable suppression of second backing plate and membrane electrode together, reduce the clearance between first backing plate, second backing plate and the membrane electrode, improve first backing plate, the area of contact between second backing plate and the membrane electrode, and then improve the throughput of electron between first backing plate, second backing plate and the membrane electrode, reduce resistance, and then improve the effective rate of water electrolysis tank brineelectrolysis, reduce the power consumption that produces unit volume's hydrogen, reduce the cost of water electrolysis hydrogen manufacturing. In addition, the electrolysis trough that this application provided still adopts first gasket and the second gasket of polytetrafluoroethylene preparation, makes its first electrolysis trough reduce the clearance between first backing plate, second backing plate and the membrane electrode under the pressure, and first gasket and second gasket non-deformable, damage make its sealed effect better, have solved the easy problem that leads to leaking that warp of gasket of silica gel material among the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the detailed description or the prior art description will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a water electrolyzer as provided herein;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first gasket B of some embodiments of a water electrolyzer as provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a first annular gasket, a first conductive plate, and a first insulating plate in some embodiments of a water electrolyzer provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second annular gasket, a second conductive plate, and a second insulating plate in some embodiments of a water electrolyzer provided herein;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first end plate in some embodiments of a water electrolyzer as provided herein;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second end plate in some embodiments of a water electrolyzer as provided herein.
In the figure: 10-a membrane electrode; 21-a first shim plate; 211-titanium foam board; 212-mesh sheet; 22-a second shim plate; 31-a first annular gasket; 311-a first ring member; 312 — a first chamber; 313-first a shim; 314-first B gasket, 3141-flow guide hole, 3142-flow channel, 315-first C gasket; 32-a second annular gasket; 321-a second gasket A, 322-a second gasket B, 323-a second gasket C, 41-a first conductive plate, 411-a water guide hole, 421-a conductive lug, 42-a second conductive plate; 51-a first insulating plate, 52-a second insulating plate; 61-first end plate, 611-inlet hole; 612-water outlet oxygen holes, 62-second end plate; 621-hydrogen discharge port; 71-bolt, 72-nut, 73-metal washer, 74-spring washer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "thickness", "upper", "lower", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Moreover, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or use of other materials.
The water electrolysis tank provided by the application, referring to fig. 1, comprises a first annular gasket 31, a first backing plate 21, a membrane electrode 10, a second backing plate 22 and a second annular gasket 32 which are arranged in sequence;
the first base plate 21 and the second base plate 22 are tightly connected with the membrane electrode 10 under the pressure of 5-10 t;
the first annular gasket 31 is tightly connected with the first base plate 21 under the pressure of 5-10 t; the second annular gasket 32 is tightly connected with the second annular gasket 32 under the pressure of 5-10 t;
the material of the first annular gasket 31 and the second annular gasket 32 comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
It should be noted that the membrane electrode 10 includes a cathode, a proton exchange membrane, and an anode, which are sequentially disposed; the cathode and the anode are respectively positioned on two sides of the proton exchange membrane; the first backing plate 21 is arranged on one side of the anode and is in close contact with the anode; the second backing plate 22 is disposed on the cathode side and in close contact with the cathode. The area and size of the first backing plate 21 correspond to those of the anode, and the area and size of the second backing plate 22 correspond to those of the cathode; the area and the size of the proton exchange membrane are respectively larger than those of the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22, so that the first annular gasket 31 and the second annular gasket 32 can be tightly attached to the area, where the anode and the cathode are not arranged, of the proton exchange membrane under pressure, and the first backing plate 21, the second backing plate 22, the anode and the cathode are limited in the space surrounded by the first annular gasket 31, the second annular gasket 32 and the proton exchange membrane.
In the present application, "the material of the first annular gasket 31 and the second annular gasket 32 comprises polytetrafluoroethylene" should be understood as meaning that the material of the first annular gasket 31 and the second annular gasket 32 is mainly polytetrafluoroethylene, which may also comprise other performance-enhancing additives or additives to facilitate the shaping of the first annular gasket 31 and the second annular gasket 32. That is, in the present application, the polytetrafluoroethylene content in the material of the first annular gasket 31 and the second annular gasket 32 is not less than 80%.
In some embodiments, the first and second backing plates 21 and 22 each comprise a titanium foam plate 211; the titanium foam plate 211 is provided with a plurality of micropores with the aperture of 5-300 μm;
the surface of the membrane electrode 10 is partially embedded in the micro-pores under the pressure.
The titanium foam plate 211 is a microporous filter plate made of pure titanium or titanium alloy powder as a raw material and subjected to static pressure forming by screening, cooling and the like and high-temperature and high-vacuum sintering, and has the advantages of high porosity, narrow pore size distribution, good chemical stability, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, no particle shedding, good mechanical property and capability of bearing high pressure. In the application, the water to be electrolyzed injected into the water electrolysis bath reaches the surface of the membrane electrode 10 through the micropores on the titanium foam plate 211 to carry out electrochemical reaction, so that the water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen to realize hydrogen production. Because the holes on the titanium foam plate 211 are uniformly distributed, water to be electrolyzed can uniformly enter the surface of the membrane electrode 10, and the electrolysis efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the base plate can prolong the service life of the base plate, so that the service life of the water electrolyzer is prolonged; meanwhile, the phenomenon that the corroded falling objects block the channel of water reaching the surface of the membrane electrode 10 to pollute the membrane electrode 10 is avoided.
When the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22 are pressed to the surface of the membrane electrode 10 under the pressure, due to the pressure action and the micropores on the titanium foam plate 211, the surface of the membrane electrode 10 can be slightly deformed, and part of the surface of the membrane electrode is embedded into the micropores to contact with the side surfaces of the micropores, so that the contact area between the membrane electrode 10 and the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22 is increased, the resistance is reduced, and the effect of saving electricity consumption is achieved. Taking the current required by water electrolysis as 2A-3.5A and the voltage as 1.7-2.5V as an example, according to the calculation formula of the power W, the resistance R and the voltage V: w is V2It can be seen that as the resistance decreases, the required voltage is lower and therefore the amount of electricity used can be reduced.
The pressures applied to the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22 are not too large or too small, the membrane electrode 10 is seriously deformed due to the excessive pressure, the electrochemical reaction on the membrane electrode 10 is influenced, the service life of the membrane electrode 10 is prolonged, the pressure borne by each layer in the water electrolyzer is large due to the excessive pressure, the pressure resistance requirement of each layer is improved, and the service life of the water electrolyzer is shortened or the cost is greatly increased; when the pressure is too small, the micro-deformation of the surface of the membrane electrode 10 is hard to occur, and although the gap between the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22 and the membrane electrode 10 can be reduced and the sealing performance between the first backing plate 21 and the membrane electrode 10 can be improved, the contact area between the first backing plate 21 and the membrane electrode 10 and the contact area between the second backing plate 22 and the membrane electrode 10 are not increased significantly, the resistance is not reduced significantly, and the effects of reducing the voltage and saving the power consumption are hard to be achieved.
In some embodiments, the first and second cauls 21, 22 each include a mesh 212; the meshes 212 are uniformly distributed on one side of the titanium foam plate 211 far away from the membrane electrode 10;
the mesh 212 is provided with a plurality of small holes with the aperture larger than the micropores, so that gradient water passing of the water to be electrolyzed is realized, the water passing speed of the first gasket and the second gasket is faster, and the water to be electrolyzed can quickly reach the surface of the membrane electrode 10.
In some embodiments, the material of mesh 212 is stainless steel. Because the cost of the titanium foam plate 211 is high, a part of the titanium foam plate 211 is replaced by the mesh sheet 212 made of stainless steel with low cost, so that the cost is reduced, the thicknesses of the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22 can be increased, and water to be electrolyzed can be better received.
In some embodiments, the mesh 212 is not less thick than the titanium foam sheet 211, which allows it to better receive the water to be electrolyzed.
In some embodiments, the titanium foam sheet 211 has a thickness of 0.3 to 2.2 mm; and/or
The thickness of the mesh 212 is 0.5-3.1 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the titanium foam sheet 211 is 1 mm.
In some embodiments, the mesh 212 has small holes with a diameter of 0.8-4.5 mm.
It should be noted that the pore diameter of the small pores in the mesh 212 should not be too large or too small. The effect of gradient water passing is difficult to achieve by too large or too small aperture, and the water passing rate of the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22 is not obviously improved.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the first annular gasket 31 is disposed on the anode side; the first annular gasket 31 comprises a first annular member 311 and a first chamber 312 surrounded by the first annular member 311;
the first annular member 311 is provided with a first water guide part and a second water guide part;
the first water guide part and the second water guide part respectively comprise a flow guide hole 3141 and a plurality of flow channels 3142; one end of the flow channel 3142 is communicated with the flow guide hole 3141, and the other end is communicated with the first cavity 312; the flow passages 3142 are arranged in a fan shape from the diversion holes 3141 to the first chamber 312;
the first water guide part is positioned at the upper part of the first annular gasket 31; the second water guide is located below the first annular gasket 31.
When the water electrolyzer electrolyzes water, the water to be electrolyzed is injected from the diversion hole 3141 of the first water guide part, is firstly shunted through the flow channel 3142 which is arranged in a fan shape, is uniformly injected into the first cavity 312 at one side of the anode, and then reaches the anode through the first backing plate 21 to carry out electrochemical reaction; the water that is not electrolyzed is collected from the flow channel 3142 of the second water guide part and then discharged through the guide hole 3141 of the second water guide part.
In this application, first water guide portion and second water guide portion all set up on first gasket, have avoided water guide portion to need process the current conducting plate when setting up on the current conducting plate, have simplified the process of seting up of first water guide portion and second water guide portion, improve the efficiency of seting up and the cost of seting up of first water guide portion and second water guide portion, and then improve the production efficiency of water electrolyser. Meanwhile, in the application, because the first gasket is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, deformation of the first gasket is small under large pressure, and possibility is provided for arranging the first water guide part and the second water guide part on the gasket, so that the phenomenon that the flow channel 3142 of the first water guide part and the second water guide part is extruded to influence water inlet and water drainage due to large deformation of the traditional silica gel under large pressure is avoided.
It is noted that, with reference to fig. 4, the second annular gasket 32 comprises a second annular member and a second chamber defined by said second annular member. The thickness of the first annular gasket 31 is equal or nearly equal to the thickness of the first pad 21 in order to receive the water to be electrolyzed; the thickness of the second annular gasket 32 is equal or nearly equal to the thickness of the second gasket 22, so that the first gasket 21 completely fills the first chamber 312 and the second gasket 22 completely fills the second chamber, and better receives the water to be electrolyzed.
Thus, in some embodiments, the first annular shim 31 and the second annular shim 32 each have a thickness of 2-3 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the first 31 and second 32 annular gaskets is slightly lower than the thickness of the first 21 and second 22 backing plates, respectively, so that they are interference fit.
In some embodiments, the first annular gasket 31 includes a first a gasket 313, a first B gasket 314, and a first C gasket 315; the first a gasket 313 is connected with the membrane electrode 10; the first and second water guides are disposed on the first B gasket 314;
the second annular gasket 32 comprises a second gasket A321, a second gasket B322 and a second gasket C323 which are arranged in sequence; the second a gasket 321 is connected to the membrane electrode 10.
In some embodiments, the water electrolyser further comprises a first conductive plate 41 and a second conductive plate 42, respectively on either side of the membrane electrode 10; the first conductive plate 41 is connected with one side of the first annular gasket 31 away from the membrane electrode 10; the second conductive plate 42 is connected to the side of the second annular gasket 32 away from the membrane electrode 10;
the first conductive plate 41 is provided with a first water guide hole 411 communicated with a water guide part on the first annular gasket 31;
the second conductive plate 42 is provided with a second water guide hole 411 communicating with the water guide part of the second annular gasket 32;
the first conductive plate 41 and the second conductive plate 42 are both provided with conductive lugs 421 for externally connecting a power supply.
Note that, the first C spacer 315 and the second C spacer 323 are respectively located between the first B spacer 314 and the first conductive plate 41, and between the second B spacer 322 and the second conductive plate 42; in the process of pressing the water electrolyzer, the first conductive plate 41 and the first B gasket 314 as well as the second conductive plate 42 and the second B gasket 322 are tightly pressed, so that the first conductive plate 41 and the first B gasket 314 as well as the second conductive plate 42 and the second B gasket 322 are hermetically connected. The first a gasket 313 and the second a gasket 321 are connected with two sides of the membrane electrode 10 in advance to be a whole, so that the membrane electrode 10 is fixed, and the first B gasket 314 and the membrane electrode 10, and the second B gasket 322 and the membrane electrode 10 are connected in a sealing manner by pressure. First gasket and second gasket all adopt three gasket combination to form, compare in single gasket, it is inseparabler after the pressurized, can better reduce the condition of leaking, also be convenient for set up runner 3142 on first B gasket 314.
In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the first C gasket 315 and the second C gasket 323 are 0.1-0.2 mm respectively; and/or
The thicknesses of the first B gasket 314 and the second B gasket 322 are respectively 2-4 mm; and/or
The thicknesses of the first A gasket 313 and the second A gasket 321 are 0.1mm to 0.2mm, respectively.
In some embodiments, the water electrolyzer further comprises a first end plate 61 and a second end plate 62, which are located on both sides of the membrane electrode 10, respectively;
the first end plate 61 is positioned on the side of the first conductive plate 41 away from the membrane electrode 10; a first insulating plate 51 is disposed between the first end plate 61 and the first conductive plate 41;
the second end plate 62 is positioned on the side of the second conductive plate 42 away from the membrane electrode 10; a second insulating plate 52 is disposed between the second end plate 62 and the second conductive plate 42;
the first end plate 61 is provided with a water inlet hole 611, and the water inlet hole 611 is communicated with the first water guide hole 411.
In the present application, the first end plate 61 is located on the anode side of the membrane electrode 10, and the second end plate 62 is located on the cathode side of the membrane electrode 10. The first end plate 61 is also provided with a water discharge oxygen outlet 612, and oxygen generated after water electrolysis and water which is not electrolyzed are discharged out of the electrolytic cell through the water discharge oxygen outlet 612; the second end plate 62 is provided with a hydrogen outlet hole, and hydrogen generated after water electrolysis is discharged out of the electrolytic cell through the hydrogen outlet hole, so that hydrogen gas can be collected and obtained conveniently.
The first insulating gasket and the second insulating gasket are insulating plates which are made of insulating materials and can play an insulating role, and are respectively positioned between the first end plate 61 and the first conductive plate 41 as well as between the second end plate 62 and the second conductive plate 42 to separate the first end plate 61 from the first conductive plate 41 as well as between the second end plate 62 and the second conductive plate 42, so that the first end plate 61 and the second end plate 62 are prevented from being electrified, and the hydrogen production safety is improved; meanwhile, the direction of the electron flow in the first conductive plate 41 and the second conductive plate 42 can be single, and the stable and continuous current of the water electrolysis cell can be kept.
In some embodiments, the first insulating plate 51 and the second insulating plate 52 are made of the same material as the first gasket and the second gasket, and are made of polytetrafluoroethylene as a main raw material.
In some embodiments, the first end plate 61, the first insulating plate 51, the first conductive plate 41, the first shim plate 21, the second shim plate 22, the second conductive plate 42, the second insulating plate 52, and the second end plate 62 are connected by a plurality of fasteners;
In some embodiments the fasteners are bolts 71 and nuts 72 that are threadably connected to the bolts 71.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 5 and 6, at least 4 threaded holes are correspondingly formed in the first end plate 61 and the second end plate 62, respectively, and the first end plate 61 and the second end plate 62 are fixed by bolts 71 and nuts 72, which are in threaded connection with the threaded holes, and the bolts 71 and the nuts 72 are in threaded connection with the bolts 71.
In some embodiments, a metal washer 73 is padded between the head of the bolt 71 and the first/ second end plate 61, 62; a metal gasket 73 is arranged between the nut 72 and the second end plate 62/the first end plate 61 in a cushioning manner, and a spring gasket 74 is arranged between the metal gasket 73 and the nut 72, so that the components are fixed together by bolts 71 penetrating through the first end plate 61, the first insulating plate 51, the first conductive plate 41, the first backing plate 21, the second backing plate 22, the second conductive plate 42, the second insulating plate 52 and the second end plate 62, and the first insulating plate 51, the first conductive plate 41, the first backing plate 21, the second backing plate 22, the second conductive plate 42, the second insulating plate 52 and the second end plate 62 are kept in close fit after high pressure. Meanwhile, the spring washer 74, which is kept in a compressed state, can keep the first insulating plate 51, the first conductive plate 41, the first backing plate 21, the second backing plate 22, the second conductive plate 42, the second insulating plate 52 and the second end plate 62 in a compressed state all the time, and keep the compression stability of the water electrolysis cell.
When the water electrolyzer provided by the application is used for producing hydrogen through electrolysis, the first conductive plate 41 and the second conductive plate 42 are connected with a power supply, water is continuously injected into the water inlet hole 611, the water is injected into the first cavity 312 through the first water guide part and reaches the anode of the membrane electrode 10 through the first cushion block to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction, wherein 2OH is generated at the anode of the membrane electrode 10—+2e→H2O+1/2O2This reaction produces oxygen, thereby; hydrogen ions in water pass through the proton exchange membrane to generate 2H at the cathode of the membrane electrode 10++2e→H2This reaction generates hydrogen gas, which is discharged from the hydrogen discharge port 621.
Wherein, after the water electrolyzer is assembled and pressed under the pressure of 5 t-10 t, the water electrolyzer can be put into hydrogen production. Because the first annular gasket 31, the second annular gasket 32, the first insulating gasket and the second insulating gasket are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene, when the first end plate 61 and the second end plate 62 are pressed towards the membrane electrode 10, the first end plate and the second end plate can bear larger pressure without damaging and deforming, water leakage in the using process is avoided, the membrane electrode 10, the first base plate 21 and the second base plate 22 are in a gapless state, the resistance is reduced, the membrane electrode can achieve the same water electrolysis effect by adopting lower voltage under the same current, the power required by a water electrolysis tank is reduced, and the unit electricity consumption of hydrogen production by water electrolysis is reduced. The water electrolysis tank adopted by the application is adopted to carry out electrolytic hydrogen production, only 3.8 degrees of electricity is needed when 10-15ml of hydrogen is generated per square centimeter, and compared with 4 degrees of electricity needed by the existing electrolytic tank, the power consumption can be reduced by 2.5%.
In addition, the water electrolysis trough that this application provided still will be used for the runner 3142 of water guide to set up on first annular gasket 31, because first annular gasket 31 is polytetrafluoroethylene material preparation and forms, it compares in first current conducting plate 41, and it is easier to process, and processing cost is also lower, and does not influence the circuit of water electrolysis trough, more does benefit to using widely. Meanwhile, the flow channel 3142 adopts a fan-shaped structure extending towards the first chamber 312, so that the injected water can be uniformly injected into the first chamber 312 through the flow channel 3142, the water can be uniformly and rapidly dispersed in the first chamber 312, the water can more uniformly and rapidly reach the anode side of the membrane electrode 10, and the utilization rate of the membrane electrode 10 is improved. In addition, the mesh 212 and the titanium foam plate 211 are adopted to form the first backing plate 21 and the second backing plate 22, so that the cost of the first backing plate 21 and the cost of the second backing plate 22 can be reduced, and meanwhile, gradient water passing and rapid water passing can be realized by utilizing the aperture difference between the mesh 212 and the titanium foam plate 211.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A water electrolyzer is characterized by comprising a first annular gasket, a first base plate, a membrane electrode, a second base plate and a second annular gasket which are arranged in sequence;
the first base plate and the second base plate are closely connected with the membrane electrode under the pressure of 5 t-10 t;
the first annular gasket is closely connected with the first base plate under the pressure of 5 t-10 t; the second annular gasket is tightly connected with the second annular gasket under the pressure of 5 t-10 t;
the material of the first annular gasket and the second annular gasket comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
2. The water electrolyser of claim 1 wherein said first and second backing plates each comprise a titanium foam plate; the foamed titanium plate is provided with a plurality of micropores with the aperture of 5-300 mu m;
the membrane electrode surface is partially embedded in the micropores under the action of the pressure.
3. The water electrolyser of claim 2 wherein said first and second backing plates each comprise a mesh; the meshes are uniformly distributed on one side of the titanium foam plate away from the membrane electrode;
the net sheet is provided with a plurality of small holes with the aperture larger than the micropores.
4. The water electrolyser of claim 3 wherein the mesh is not less than the thickness of the titanium foam plates.
5. The water electrolyzer of claim 4 characterized in that the thickness of the mesh is 0.5 to 3.1 mm; and/or
The thickness of the titanium foam plate is 0.3-2.2 mm.
6. The water electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that the first annular gasket is disposed on the anode side of the membrane electrode; the first annular gasket comprises a first annular member and a first chamber enclosed by the first annular member;
the first annular piece is provided with a first water guide part and a second water guide part;
the first water guide part and the second water guide part respectively comprise a flow guide hole and a plurality of flow channels; one end of the flow passage is communicated with the flow guide hole, and the other end of the flow passage is communicated with the first cavity; the flow passages are distributed in a fan shape from the flow guide holes to the first cavity;
the first water guide part is positioned at the upper part of the first annular gasket; the second water guide part is located below the first annular gasket.
7. The water electrolyzer of claim 6 characterized in that the first annular gasket comprises a first A gasket, a first B gasket and a first C gasket which are arranged in sequence; the first gasket A is connected with the membrane electrode; the first water guide part and the second water guide part are arranged on the first B gasket;
the second annular gasket comprises a second gasket A, a second gasket B and a second gasket C which are arranged in sequence; the second gasket A is connected with the membrane electrode.
8. The water electrolyser of claim 7 further comprising first and second conductive plates on either side of said membrane electrode; the first conductive plate is connected with one side, away from the membrane electrode, of the first annular gasket; the second conductive plate is connected with one side, away from the membrane electrode, of the second annular gasket;
the first conductive plate is provided with a first water guide hole communicated with the water guide part on the first annular gasket;
the second conductive plate is provided with a second water guide hole communicated with the water guide part on the second annular gasket;
and the first current-conducting plate and the second current-conducting plate are both provided with a current-conducting lug of an external power supply.
9. The water electrolyzer of claim 8 further comprising a first end plate and a second end plate on either side of the membrane electrode;
the first end plate is positioned on one side of the first conductive plate, which is far away from the membrane electrode; a first insulating plate is arranged between the first end plate and the first conducting plate;
the second end plate is positioned on one side of the second conductive plate far away from the membrane electrode; a second insulating plate is arranged between the second end plate and the second conductive plate;
a water inlet hole is formed in the first end plate and communicated with the first water guide hole; and a water outlet hole is formed in the second end plate and communicated with the second water guide hole.
10. The water electrolyzer of claim 9 wherein the first end plate, first insulating plate, first conductive plate, first backing plate, second conductive plate, second insulating plate and second end plate are connected by a plurality of fasteners;
spring gaskets are arranged between the fastening piece and the first end plate and between the fastening piece and the second end plate; the spring spacer remains compressed when the fastener is attached to the first and second end plates.
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