CN114524513A - Method for treating low C/N sewage by anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic denitrification process - Google Patents

Method for treating low C/N sewage by anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic denitrification process Download PDF

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CN114524513A
CN114524513A CN202210111259.8A CN202210111259A CN114524513A CN 114524513 A CN114524513 A CN 114524513A CN 202210111259 A CN202210111259 A CN 202210111259A CN 114524513 A CN114524513 A CN 114524513A
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tank
phosphorus
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CN114524513B (en
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张捍民
胡明星
党传智
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental pollution control engineering, and provides a method for treating low C/N sewage by an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic nitrogen removal process. The alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspended filler can be used as an inorganic carbon source and an alkalinity slow-release source in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification anoxic tank, and can also solve the problem of sulfate recovery in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process, so that a moving bed form is formed. The process has the advantages that the phosphorus and nitrogen removal is carried out in units, so that the organic carbon source competition is reduced; the biological phosphorus removal effect is improved, and the dosage of a phosphorus removal agent is reduced; the return flow of the nitrifying liquid is not needed, and the energy consumption is effectively reduced; the recovery operation of the suspended filler is simple and convenient; the sulfate in the effluent is reduced; and autotrophic nitrogen removal is adopted, and an additional organic carbon source is not needed, so that the operation cost is further reduced.

Description

Method for treating low C/N sewage by anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic denitrification process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental pollution control engineering, relates to research on an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic nitrogen removal (AOA-MBNR) process, and particularly relates to research on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal applied to low C/N sewage.
Background
Nitrogen pollution is one of the important causes for eutrophication of water bodies, and has become a serious environmental problem in water ecosystems. As can be seen from the article 'status quo of application of denitrification and dephosphorization process in urban sewage treatment plant in China', the traditional sewage treatment plant is generally adopted by the existing sewage treatment plantAnaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A)2O), the sewage is subjected to biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, namely, the sewage is subjected to phosphorus release in an anaerobic tank, and then heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria in an anoxic tank reduce nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the reflux nitrifying liquid into nitrogen by using organic matters as carbon sources, so that the aim of biological nitrogen removal is fulfilled. And finally, realizing ammonia nitrogen nitrification and excessive phosphorus absorption of phosphorus accumulating bacteria in the aerobic tank to complete biological phosphorus removal. However, the process needs to supplement alkalinity properly in the nitrification stage, the denitrification and dephosphorization effect is closely related to the nitrification liquid reflux ratio and the sludge reflux ratio, and the energy consumption is correspondingly large. In addition, the phosphorus release of the anaerobic tank and the heterotrophic denitrification compete for an organic carbon source, the lower organic matter concentration in the actual sewage is an important factor for restricting the denitrification effect of the heterotrophic denitrification, the organic carbon source needs to be added additionally, the long-time use of the anaerobic tank not only has high operation cost but also has complex operation, the sludge yield is too much, and the strict discharge standard is difficult to economically and effectively meet. When the water quality fluctuation is large, the accurate adding is often impossible, the excessive adding is easy to cause waste and influence the water quality of the effluent, and the denitrification can not achieve the ideal effect when the adding is insufficient. Therefore, the development of a novel biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process with low carbon consumption and economic efficiency aiming at low C/N sewage becomes a research direction in the sewage treatment field.
Compared with the heterotrophic denitrification technology, the sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology does not need an additional organic carbon source, and nitrate nitrogen in the sewage is sequentially reduced into nitrite nitrogen and nitrogen by adding a reduced sulfur electron donor and an inorganic carbon source (also serving as an alkalinity source) under the anoxic condition. On one hand, the reduced sulfur and the inorganic carbon source are cheap and easy to obtain, and the biotoxicity is low, so that the operation cost is low; on the other hand, sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria have low biomass production, which is advantageous in minimizing excess sludge and reducing sludge treatment costs. Therefore, sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology has long been considered as a promising new biological denitrification technology to overcome the limitations of conventional heterotrophic denitrification technology when treating low C/N wastewater.
Although sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology has received a great deal of attention, it is described in Simultaneous heterotrophic and sulfur-oxidiziAs mentioned in the article of Control of sulfate production, the application and development of the method still face the restriction of consuming alkalinity, producing sulfate and other problems. As the sulfur autotrophic denitrification reaction is a process of continuously producing acid and sulfate, the alkalinity is continuously consumed along with the reaction, and an alkalinity source is usually required to be additionally added into the reaction system to maintain the higher denitrification efficiency of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification system. The commonly used alkalinity source is sodium bicarbonate, which has good water solubility, but poor economy, low cost, ready availability, and good buffering capacity3) Siderite (FeCO)3) The solid materials are good alkalinity slow-release sources, and meanwhile, calcium ions can also generate precipitates with sulfate ions and phosphate ions, so that the aims of reducing sulfur and removing phosphorus are fulfilled. Generally, as mentioned in the article of Pilot-scale application of biochemical denitrification for biological filter of biological filter of biological communication and biological communication structure, the biological filter of sulfur-limestone autotrophic denitrification (SLAD) is adopted in more stages, but the biological filter of fixed bed type is easy to be blocked, needs to be washed and replaced periodically, and the filter material is easy to be distributed unevenly, the process operation is complex, and the cost of replacing and maintaining the filler is high. Therefore, these factors limit the practical engineering application of sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology.
On the basis, the invention mainly aims at the traditional low C/N sewage A2The method for treating the low C/N sewage by the anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic nitrogen removal (AOA-MBNR) process is provided, wherein the method has the limitations that the heterotrophic denitrification needs additional organic carbon sources in the O nitrogen and phosphorus removal process, and the problems of alkalinity consumption, sulfate generation and the like in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology. The process mainly comprises anaerobic phosphorus release, aerobic excess phosphorus absorption, ammonia nitrogen nitration and anoxic autotrophic denitrification. Wherein, one of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification anoxic tanks can be used as an inorganic carbon source and an alkalinity slow release source, and can improve the sulfate return in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification processThe alkalinity which is problematic is collected to slowly release the porous spherical shell suspension filler, thereby forming a moving bed mode. The AOA-MBNR process has the advantages that the dephosphorization and denitrification unit is used for reducing organic carbon source competition; the biological phosphorus removal effect is improved, and the dosage of a phosphorus removal agent is reduced; the return flow of the nitrifying liquid is not needed, so that the energy consumption is effectively reduced; the recovery operation of the suspended filler is simple and convenient; the sulfate in the effluent is reduced; and autotrophic nitrogen removal is adopted, and an additional organic carbon source is not needed, so that the operation cost is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for treating low C/N sewage by an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic nitrogen removal process. The process firstly realizes anaerobic phosphorus release without carbon source competition in an anaerobic pool, so that an organic carbon source in the sewage is fully utilized by phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and polymerized phosphate in cells of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria is released. Because the denitrification carbon source competition does not exist, the phosphorus accumulating bacteria can obtain better nutrition and growth conditions, and the phosphorus removing effect is improved. And then the effluent finishes excessive phosphorus absorption and ammonia nitrogen nitration of phosphorus accumulating bacteria in an aerobic tank, biological phosphorus removal is finished by discharging phosphorus-rich sludge, and nitrate nutrients are provided for a subsequent autotrophic nitrogen removal unit. And finally, adding an alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspended filler which can be used as an inorganic carbon source and an alkalinity slow-release source and can also improve the problem of sulfate recovery in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process into the sulfur autotrophic denitrification anoxic tank so as to form a moving bed form. Then the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen gas by using reduced sulfur as an electron donor and nitrate as an electron acceptor under the condition of not adding an organic carbon source, thereby completing the autotrophic denitrification of the sewage. And the sludge in the sedimentation tank flows back to the anaerobic tank, so that the biomass of phosphorus accumulating bacteria in the anaerobic tank is ensured. The method does not need additional organic carbon source, can realize the deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the low C/N sewage, and has the characteristics of low consumption and carbon reduction, and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for treating low C/N sewage by an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic denitrification process comprises the following steps:
an AOA-MBNR process is constructed by coupling an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic process and a moving bed autotrophic denitrification process; the anaerobic tank, the aerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the sedimentation tank are sequentially connected, inoculated sludge is respectively added, and enrichment culture of phosphorus accumulating bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and sulfur autotrophic denitrification bacteria is carried out; the process comprises the steps of firstly, realizing anaerobic phosphorus release without carbon source competition in an anaerobic pool, fully utilizing an organic carbon source in sewage as phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and releasing polymerized phosphate in cell bodies of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria; the effluent finishes excessive phosphorus absorption of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and an ammonia nitrogen nitration process of nitrifying bacteria in an aerobic tank, biological phosphorus removal is finished by discharging phosphorus-rich sludge, and nitrate nutrients are provided for a subsequent autotrophic nitrogen removal unit; then the effluent water is subjected to sulfur autotrophic denitrification in an anoxic tank, namely, the sulfur autotrophic denitrification bacteria adopt the added reduced sulfur as an electron donor, the nitrate in the effluent water of the aerobic tank is used as an electron acceptor, and the nitrate is finally reduced into nitrogen by only utilizing an inorganic carbon source under the condition of not adding an organic carbon source; wherein, the alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspended filler which can be used as an inorganic carbon source and an alkalinity slow-release source and can also improve the sulfate recovery problem in the sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal process is adopted in the anoxic tank, so that a moving bed form is formed; and finally, the sludge in the sedimentation tank flows back to the anaerobic tank, so that the biomass of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria in the anaerobic tank is guaranteed.
The alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspension filler is characterized in that a porous spherical shell is arranged outside the alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspension filler, polyurethane sponge, polyethylene ester pearl wool, limestone and siderite are filled in the porous spherical shell, and the mass ratio of the polyurethane sponge to the polyethylene ester pearl wool to the limestone to the siderite is 0.1:0.1: 0.578-2.21: 1.
The polyurethane sponge is cut into 5-10 cm3The block body is made by cutting 5-10 cm of polyethylene ester pearl cotton3The block of (1).
The mass ratio of the limestone to the siderite is 1.73: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for treating low C/N sewage by an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic nitrogen removal (AOA-MBNR) process, which mainly comprises anaerobic phosphorus release, aerobic excess phosphorus absorption, ammonia nitrogen nitration and anoxic autotrophic denitrification, wherein an alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspended filler which can be used as an inorganic carbon source and an alkalinity slow-release source and can improve the sulfate recovery problem in the sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal process is adopted in a sulfur autotrophic denitrification anoxic tank. The AOA-MBNR process has the advantages that the dephosphorization and denitrification unit is used for reducing organic carbon source competition; the biological phosphorus removal effect is improved, and the dosage of a phosphorus removal agent is reduced; the return flow of the nitrifying liquid is not needed, so that the energy consumption is effectively reduced; the recovery operation of the suspended filler is simple and convenient; the sulfate in the effluent is reduced; and autotrophic nitrogen removal is adopted, and an additional organic carbon source is not needed, so that the operation cost is further reduced.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the technical solutions.
Example 1
The actual low C/N sewage of a certain sewage treatment plant is taken as a treatment object for denitrification and dephosphorization treatment, and the specific inlet water quality and water quantity during the operation period are as follows: COD 150mg/L, CTN＝50mg/L，CAmmonia nitrogen＝40mg/L，CTP＝3.5mg/L，pH＝7.4，Q＝1000m3And d. The anaerobic tank, the aerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the sedimentation tank are connected in sequence, and the effective volume of each tank is 250m3MLSS is 4000mg/L, HRT is 6h, SRT is 20d, the sludge reflux amount is 100%, and the dissolved oxygen in the aerobic tank is controlled to be 1-2 mg/L. Adding a reduced sulfur electron donor and an alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspension filler into the anoxic tank, wherein the filler is filled with polyurethane sponge, polyethylene ester pearl cotton, limestone and siderite, the mass of the filler is respectively 0.6g, 10.38g and 6g, the polyurethane sponge is cut into a cube shape with the size of 20mm by 20mm, and the polyethylene ester pearl cotton is cut into a cylinder shape with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 30 mm. The anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic nitrogen removal (AOA-MBNR) process is continuously and stably operated, the water quality of effluent can meet the requirements of the first-level A standard in the pollutant discharge standard of urban sewage treatment plants, the pH value is always kept at about 7.5, COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the effluent is lower than 50mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate is up to more than 95%, the sulfate content is greatly reduced, and the phosphorus removal effect is realized.
Comparative example 1
The front end of the anoxic tank is not provided with the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1.
In the scheme, compared with the embodiment 1, under the condition that the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank are not arranged at the front end of the anoxic tank, the effluent quality of the independent moving bed sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal process cannot meet the requirement of the first-level A standard in the pollutant discharge standard of urban sewage treatment plants. As the total nitrogen in the inlet water is mainly ammonia nitrogen, and the sulfur autotrophic anoxic tank can only reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen, the total nitrogen removal effect is very limited, even the nitrogen and phosphorus removal function can not be realized, which shows that the AOA-MBNR process has better treatment effect than the single moving bed sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal process.
Comparative example 2
The rest of the process is the same as the example 1 without adding alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspension filler into the anoxic tank.
In the scheme, compared with the embodiment 1, under the condition that the alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspension filler is not added, a moving bed form cannot be formed in the anoxic tank, namely, the alkalinity slow-release effect is avoided, the pH value in the effluent is reduced to 5.9, COD (chemical oxygen demand) is lower than 50mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate is remarkably reduced, nitrate nitrogen in the effluent is increased, the sulfate content is increased, and TP (total phosphorus) is lower than 1 mg/L. As the alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspended filler is not added into the anoxic pond, the alkalinity slow-release effect is avoided, the sulfur autotrophic denitrification reaction is a process of continuously producing acid and sulfate, the alkalinity can be continuously consumed along with the reaction, the sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal effect can be obviously influenced by too low pH value, the phenomena of obvious reduction of the total nitrogen removal rate and increase of nitrate nitrogen in effluent occur, the removal effect of sulfate is also obviously reduced, and the influence of the alkalinity slow-release effect of the porous spherical shell suspended filler on the sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal effect and the removal effect of sulfate is shown to be obvious.
Comparative example 3
The oxygen-poor tank is added with sodium acetate as an organic carbon source and is not added with a reduced sulfur electron donor, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1.
In the scheme, compared with the embodiment 1, under the condition that sodium acetate is added as an organic carbon source and a reduced sulfur electron donor is not added, a heterotrophic denitrification process can be performed in an anoxic pond, the pH value of effluent is weak and alkaline, COD is unstable, the total nitrogen removal rate reaches more than 95%, TP is lower than 1mg/L, and the denitrification and dephosphorization effect is good. However, sodium acetate is additionally added as an organic carbon source, so that the operation cost is high, the operation is complicated and the sludge yield is excessive after long-time use. When the water quality fluctuation is large, the accurate adding is often not realized, the waste is easily caused by excessive adding, the water quality of the effluent is influenced, and the ideal effect of denitrification can not be achieved when the adding is insufficient, so that the strict discharge standard can not be economically and effectively met. Therefore, aiming at the nitrogen and phosphorus removal treatment of the low C/N sewage, the sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal process of the moving bed with low carbon consumption, economy and high efficiency in the anoxic tank is superior to the heterotrophic denitrification nitrogen removal process.

Claims (2)

1. A method for treating low C/N sewage by an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-moving bed autotrophic denitrification process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
an AOA-MBNR process is constructed by coupling an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic process and a moving bed autotrophic denitrification process; the anaerobic tank, the aerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the sedimentation tank are sequentially connected, inoculated sludge is respectively added, and enrichment culture of phosphorus accumulating bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria is respectively carried out in the anaerobic tank, the aerobic tank and the anoxic tank; in the AOA-MBNR process, anaerobic phosphorus release without carbon source competition is realized in an anaerobic pool, so that an organic carbon source in sewage is fully utilized by phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and polymerized phosphate in cells of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria is released; the effluent of the anaerobic tank finishes excessive phosphorus absorption of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and an ammonia nitrogen nitration process of nitrifying bacteria in the aerobic tank, finishes biological phosphorus removal by discharging phosphorus-rich sludge, and provides nitrate nutrients for the autotrophic nitrogen removal process of a subsequent anoxic tank; then the effluent water is subjected to sulfur autotrophic denitrification in an anoxic tank, namely, the sulfur autotrophic denitrification bacteria adopt the added reduced sulfur as an electron donor, the nitrate in the effluent water of the aerobic tank is used as an electron acceptor, and the nitrate is finally reduced into nitrogen by only utilizing an inorganic carbon source under the condition of not adding an organic carbon source; wherein, the alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspended filler which can be used as an inorganic carbon source and an alkalinity slow-release source and can also improve the sulfate recovery problem in the sulfur autotrophic nitrogen removal process is adopted in the anoxic tank, so that a moving bed form is formed; and finally, the sludge in the sedimentation tank flows back to the anaerobic tank, so that the biomass of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria in the anaerobic tank is guaranteed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alkalinity slow-release porous spherical shell suspension filler is externally provided with a porous spherical shell, and polyurethane sponge, polyethylene ester pearl wool, limestone and siderite are filled in the porous spherical shell, and the mass ratio of the polyurethane sponge to the polyethylene ester pearl wool to the limestone to the siderite is 0.1:0.1: 0.578-2.21: 1.
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Cited By (3)

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CN115259351A (en) * 2022-09-29 2022-11-01 山东国一中永环保技术服务有限公司 Nano ceramic-micro-oxysulfide-coupled double-membrane-tower sewage treatment system
CN115583723A (en) * 2022-08-02 2023-01-10 河南工业大学 Sewage treatment method and device for removing nitrate in water by utilizing enhanced sulfur autotrophy
CN115636507A (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-01-24 山东建筑大学 Constructed wetland slow-release filler based on sulfur autotrophic denitrification

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CN107010724A (en) * 2017-05-24 2017-08-04 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 A kind of method for being sustained its progress sewage deep denitrogenation of electron donor and application
CN111777179A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-10-16 北京工业大学 A/O coupling sulfur autotrophic denitrification enhanced low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal device and method
WO2021051781A1 (en) * 2019-09-16 2021-03-25 北京工业大学 Device and method for deep denitrification and phosphorus removal of sewage based on deamox sludge double return aoao

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CN105923757A (en) * 2016-05-11 2016-09-07 深圳市瑞清环保科技有限公司 Method for phosphorus removal and denitrification through iron elementary substance cooperating with sulfur autotrophic denitrification
CN107010724A (en) * 2017-05-24 2017-08-04 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 A kind of method for being sustained its progress sewage deep denitrogenation of electron donor and application
WO2021051781A1 (en) * 2019-09-16 2021-03-25 北京工业大学 Device and method for deep denitrification and phosphorus removal of sewage based on deamox sludge double return aoao
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115583723A (en) * 2022-08-02 2023-01-10 河南工业大学 Sewage treatment method and device for removing nitrate in water by utilizing enhanced sulfur autotrophy
CN115259351A (en) * 2022-09-29 2022-11-01 山东国一中永环保技术服务有限公司 Nano ceramic-micro-oxysulfide-coupled double-membrane-tower sewage treatment system
CN115636507A (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-01-24 山东建筑大学 Constructed wetland slow-release filler based on sulfur autotrophic denitrification
CN115636507B (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-08-11 山东建筑大学 Constructed wetland slow release filler based on sulfur autotrophic denitrification

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