CN114521108B

CN114521108B - Flavor-containing sheet for smoking article, smoking article and combustion cigarette

Info

Publication number: CN114521108B
Application number: CN202180002429.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金翼中; 郑敬彬; 郑恩米; 宋虎林
Original assignee: KT&G Corp
Current assignee: KT&G Corp
Priority date: 2020-08-25
Filing date: 2021-04-30
Publication date: 2024-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-30
Also published as: EP3986169A1; CN114521108A; JP2022549978A; KR20220026431A; WO2022045521A1; JP7377280B2; KR102628986B1; US20230136497A1; EP3986169A4

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article comprising LM-pectin, a smoking article and a burning cigarette. The flavor-containing sheet includes moisture, a thickening polysaccharide, low methoxy pectin (LM-pectin), and a flavorant such that a smoking article including the flavor-containing sheet emits a flavor throughout the smoking period.

Description

Flavor-containing sheet for smoking article, smoking article and combustion cigarette

Technical Field

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a LM-pectin containing flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article and a smoking article comprising the flavor-containing sheet.

Background

To produce a specific flavour from smoking articles, methods have been employed in which flavour components in solution are added to the cigarettes. The advantage of this method is that the flavour ingredients can be easily applied to the cigarettes by spraying a flavour solution. However, if the amount of flavoring is increased to release more flavor during smoking, the amount of solvent must also be increased, thus tending to produce stains on the cigarette paper. In addition, there is a disadvantage in that the flavor is weakened as smoking proceeds.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical proposal for solving the technical problems

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article comprising LM-pectin and a smoking article comprising the flavor-containing sheet.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. It should be understood that other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification or practice of the disclosure described herein.

The beneficial effects of the invention are that

A flavor-containing sheet for smoking articles according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is excellent in at least one of viscosity properties, slurry forming properties, drying properties, sheet physical properties, and flavor retention properties.

In addition, there is the advantage that no emulsifier is necessarily required in the manufacture of a flavoured sheet for use in smoking articles.

Furthermore, smoking articles comprising the flavor-containing sheet for use in smoking articles comprise the advantage of having a good smoking taste.

In addition, flavor is always generated during smoking, thereby improving consumer satisfaction.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a smoking article according to an embodiment.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a smoking article according to another embodiment.

Fig. 3A is a diagram illustrating a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article prior to being dried.

Fig. 3B is a diagram illustrating the flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article after it has been dried.

Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a cross-section of a first portion of a smoking article.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a combustion type cigarette.

Detailed Description

Best mode for carrying out the invention

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a flavourant-containing sheet for a smoking article, the flavourant-containing sheet comprising: moisture; thickening the polysaccharide; low methoxy pectin (LM-pectin); a perfume.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a smoking article comprises: a first portion comprising tobacco material and a flavour-containing sheet; and a second portion comprising a filter element, wherein the first portion and the second portion are arranged in series along the longitudinal direction of the smoking article, and the flavor-containing sheet comprises LM-pectin.

According to another aspect of the invention, a burning cigarette comprises: a first segment comprising tobacco material and a flavor-containing sheet; a second segment comprising a filter element, wherein the first and second segments are arranged in series along the longitudinal direction of the burning cigarette and the flavor-containing sheet comprises LM-pectin.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. It should be understood that other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and drawings of the present disclosure described herein.

Aspects of the invention

As terms for describing various embodiments, general terms that are currently widely used are selected in consideration of functions of structural elements in various embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the meaning of these terms may vary depending on the intent, judicial cases, the advent of new technology, and the like. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, terms that are not commonly used may be selected. In this case, the meaning of the term will be described in detail at the corresponding part in the description of the present disclosure. Thus, terms used in various embodiments of the present disclosure should be defined based on meanings of the terms and descriptions provided herein.

In addition, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the term "comprise" and variations thereof such as "comprises" and "comprising" will be understood to mean the inclusion of the stated element but not the exclusion of any other element. Terms such as "unit," "module," and the like, as described in this specification, refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.

Throughout the specification, "smoking article" refers to an article for smoking. For example, the smoking article may be a conventional burning cigarette that is lit and burned, or the smoking article may be a heated cigarette that generates an aerosol when inserted into and heated by an aerosol-generating device.

Throughout the specification, "tobacco element" refers to an element comprising tobacco material.

Throughout the specification, "tobacco material" refers to any type of material that includes components obtained from tobacco leaves.

Throughout the specification, a "cooling element" refers to an element that cools a substance. For example, the cooling element may cool the aerosol generated by the tobacco element.

Throughout the specification, "filter element" refers to an element comprising a filter material. For example, the filter element may include a plurality of fiber bundles.

Throughout the specification, the "longitudinal direction of the smoking article" refers to the length direction of the smoking article or the direction along which the smoking article is inserted into the aerosol-generating device.

Throughout the specification, "thickening polysaccharide" refers to a polysaccharide material that increases viscosity.

Throughout the specification, "LM-pectin (low methoxy pectin)" refers to low ester pectin or low methoxy pectin having a relatively low degree of esterification, more specifically to pectin having less than 50% carboxyl groups in the molecular structure. Unlike carrageenan (carageenan), LM-pectin does not gel when cooled at room temperature.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the present disclosure are shown so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in a variety of different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a smoking article 100 according to an embodiment.

The smoking article 100 may comprise a first portion 110 comprising a tobacco element and a second element 120 comprising a filter element.

Referring to fig. 1, the first portion 110 and the second portion 120 may be arranged in series along the longitudinal direction of the smoking article 100. Here, the longitudinal direction of the smoking article 100 may be the direction in which the length of the smoking article 100 extends. For example, the longitudinal direction of the smoking article 100 may be the direction in which the first portion 110 and the second portion 120 are arranged.

The first portion 110 may include a tobacco element. The tobacco element may be a particular type of tobacco material. For example, the tobacco element may have the form of a tobacco cut filler, tobacco particles, tobacco flakes, tobacco beads, tobacco particles, or a tobacco extract. Additionally, the tobacco material may include, for example, one or more of tobacco leaves, tobacco side veins, expanded tobacco, cut filler, and reconstituted tobacco.

The second portion 120 may include a filter element. The filter element may be a cellulose acetate filter. There is no limitation on the shape of the filter element. For example, the filter element may be a cylindrical rod or a tubular rod comprising a hollow portion. Alternatively, the filter element may be a concave rod.

The second portion 120 may be manufactured to generate a scent. For example, a fragrance liquid may be sprayed onto the second portion 120, or individual fibers coated with fragrance liquid may be inserted into the second portion 120.

In addition, the second portion 120 may include at least one capsule 130. Here, the capsule 130 may be used to generate a fragrance, or may be used to generate an aerosol. For example, the capsule 130 may have a structure in which a liquid containing a perfume is wrapped with a film. The capsule 130 may have a spherical or cylindrical shape, but is not limited thereto.

The second portion 120 may also include a plurality of segments. This embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 1.

The second portion 120 may include a filter element 123 and may also include a cooling element 121.

The cooling element 121 may cool the airflow from the exterior of the smoking article 100 through the first portion 110. The cooling element 121 may be formed of a paper material, and may be a cylindrical paper tube including a hollow portion. In addition, the cooling member 121 may be made of a polymer material or a biodegradable polymer material, and may have a cooling function. For example, the cooling member 121 may be made of polylactic acid (PLA) fiber, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the cooling element 121 may be made of a cellulose acetate filter having a plurality of holes. However, the cooling element 121 is not necessarily limited to the above example, and embodiments of the present disclosure may include any material that performs a function of cooling an air flow. Alternatively, the cooling element 121 may be a tubular filter or a paper tube including a hollow portion.

Additionally, although not shown in fig. 1, the smoking article 100 may also include a plug (not shown). The plug may be disposed at the distal end of the smoking article 100. For example, the plug may be disposed at a distal end of the smoking article 100 adjacent the first portion 110. The plug may be used to appropriately adjust the overall length of the smoking article 100. In addition, when the smoking article 100 is inserted into an aerosol-generating device (not shown), the plug may be used to adjust the first portion 110 such that the first portion 110 is disposed in place within the aerosol-generating device.

The smoking article 100 may comprise at least one wrapper 140. For example, the smoking article 100 can comprise a first package surrounding the first portion 110 and a second package surrounding the second portion 120. The smoking article 100 can further comprise a third wrapper completely surrounding the first portion 110 and the second portion 120. The smoking article 100 may further comprise a fourth wrapper around the second portion 120. The fourth wrapper may typically be used as a tipping paper.

At least one of the first to fourth packages may be a biodegradable package. When a biodegradable package is used, the smoking article 100 can be rapidly decomposed by microorganisms, so that environmental pollution can be reduced.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a smoking article 200 according to another embodiment.

Referring to fig. 2, the smoking article 200 can include a first portion 210 and a second portion 220. The second portion 220 may include a filter element. The description given above with respect to the second portion 120 of fig. 1 is equally applicable to the second portion 220 of fig. 2.

Referring to fig. 2, the first portion 210 may be divided into two chambers. The first portion 210 may comprise an aerosol-generating substrate 211 and a nicotine-generating substrate 213.

The aerosol-generating substrate 211 may comprise, for example, pleated paper impregnated with an aerosol-generating substance. The aerosol generating substance (or aerosol former) may comprise, for example, at least one of glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and oleyl alcohol.

The nicotine generating matrix 213 may comprise, for example, tobacco cut filler, tobacco particles, tobacco flakes, tobacco beads or tobacco particles. As another example, the nicotine generating substrate 213 may comprise pleated paper impregnated with tobacco extract. When the nicotine generating substrate 213 is heated, nicotine may be generated from the nicotine generating substrate 213 and may be transferred to the second portion 220.

The second portion 220 may include a plurality of segments. For example, the second portion 220 may include a filter element 223 and may also include a cooling element 221.

The description given above with respect to the cooling element 121 and the filter element 123 of fig. 1 is equally applicable to the cooling element 221 and the filter element 223 of fig. 2. Accordingly, redundant descriptions of the cooling element 221 and the filter element 223 will be omitted.

A flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be included in the first portions 110 and 210 or the second portions 120 and 220 of the smoking articles 100 and 200 shown in fig. 1 and 2.

To make a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a slurry (or crude liquid) comprising distilled water, thickened polysaccharide, LM-pectin (low methyl pectin), and flavor may be used. The slurry may also contain a filler (buffering agent), an aerosol former or an emulsifier.

Distilled water may be a factor in determining the viscosity of the slurry.

The thickening polysaccharide may be a polysaccharide material for increasing the viscosity of the slurry. The thickening polysaccharide may include, for example, at least one of agar, gellan gum, tamarind gum, konjac glucomannan, psyllium seed gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, tara gum, starch, and cassia gum.

LM-pectin is a low ester pectin or a low methoxy pectin having a relatively low degree of esterification, and in particular refers to pectin having less than about 50% carboxyl groups in the molecular structure. Unlike carrageenan, LM-pectin does not gel when cooled at room temperature. To this end, the slurry may have a relatively low viscosity (about 600cp to about 800 cp). In addition, the slurry may be manufactured without necessarily containing an emulsifier.

The LM-pectin may contain less than about 50%, less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about 20%, or less than about 10% carboxyl groups within the molecular structure. As the content of carboxyl groups in the molecular structure of LM-pectin decreases, the viscosity of the LM-pectin containing slurry decreases.

The filler serves to increase the total mass (i.e., dry matter mass) of the components other than distilled water in the slurry, thereby increasing the volume of the fragrance-containing sheet to be produced. The filler is only used to increase the volume of the fragrance-containing sheet without affecting the original function of the fragrance-containing sheet. More specifically, the filler does not substantially increase the viscosity of the slurry and does not adversely affect the flavor-retaining function of the flavor-containing sheet.

The filler may be starch, modified starch or starch hydrolysate. The modified starch refers to acetic acid starch, oxidized starch, hydroxypropyl phosphate di-starch, hydroxypropyl phosphate, phosphate di-starch, phosphate monoester, phosphate ester, diphosphate ester, etc. Starch hydrolysate refers to a substance obtained by a process of hydrolyzing starch. The starch hydrolysate is, for example, a substance obtained by directly hydrolyzing starch (i.e., dextrin) or a substance obtained by hydrolyzing starch after heat treatment (i.e., indigestible dextrin). The filler may be, for example, dextrin, and more specifically cyclodextrin.

The starch hydrolysate may typically be a starch hydrolysate having a Dextrose Equivalent (DE) value in the range of about 2 to about 40, and preferably a starch hydrolysate having a DE value in the range of about 2 to about 20. As starch hydrolysates with DE values in the range of about 2 to about 20, for example Finedex #100 (Matsutani Chemical Industries co., ltd.), fine fibers (Matsutani Chemical Industries co., ltd.) or TK-16 (Matsutani Chemical Industry co., ltd.) can be used.

The DE value represents the degree of hydrolysis of the starch, i.e. the saccharification rate of the starch. In the present disclosure, DE values may be measured by the Willstat-Schudel method. DE values are measured as specific values by the Willstat-Schudel method. The nature of the hydrolyzed starch (i.e., starch hydrolysate), such as the molecular weight of the starch hydrolysate or the arrangement of the sugar molecules that make up the starch hydrolysate, is different between the molecules of the starch hydrolysate and may vary according to a particular distribution or variation. Starch hydrolysates exhibit different physical properties (e.g., DE values) for each molecule due to distribution and variation of the properties of the starch hydrolysates, differences in cut cross sections, and the like. As described above, starch hydrolysates are a group of molecules representing different physical properties, but the results measured by the Willstat-Schudel method (i.e. DE values) are considered as representative values indicating the degree of starch hydrolysis.

Preferably, the starch hydrolysate may be selected from dextrins having a DE value of about 2 to about 5, indigestible dextrins having a DE value of about 10 to about 15, and mixtures thereof. As dextrins having a DE value of about 2 to about 5, for example Finedex #100 (Masutani Chemical Industries co., ltd.) can be used. As indigestible dextrins having a DE value of about 10 to about 15, for example, fine fibers (Matsutani Chemical co., ltd.) can be used.

The flavors may include, for example, menthol, tobacco leaf extracts, natural plant flavors (e.g., cinnamon, sage, herb, chamomile, reed, persimmon leaf tea, clove, lavender, cardamom, clove, nutmeg, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, lemon, orange, cinnamon, caraway, jasmine, ginger, caraway, vanilla, spearmint, peppermint, cinnamon, coffee, celery, bitter skin, sandalwood, cocoa, ylang, fennel, licorice, san john's bread, plum extract, peach extract, and the like), sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, isomeose, caramel, and the like), cocoa (powder, extract, and the like), esters (e.g., isoamyl acetate, linalyl acetate, isoamyl propionate, linalyl butyrate, and the like), ketones (e.g., menthone, ionone, damascenone, ethyl maltol, and the like), alcohols (e.g., geraniol, linalool, anethole, eugenol, and the like), aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzol, undecalactone, and the like), musk, and the like.

The fragrance may be used in the solid state or may be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent such as propylene glycol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol or triethyl citrate. In addition, a perfume that is easily dispersed in a solvent by adding an emulsifier such as a hydrophobic perfume, an oil-soluble perfume, or the like can be used. These fragrances may be used alone or as a mixture. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily limited thereto, and may include any flavorant used in a smoking article.

The slurry may also contain an aerosol former or emulsifier. The aerosol former may comprise, for example, at least one of glycerol and propylene glycol, and the emulsifier may be, for example, lecithin.

According to an embodiment, a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article may comprise, based on 100 parts by weight total: about 2 to about 15 parts by weight of moisture, about 1 to about 60 parts by weight of thickening polysaccharide, about 1 to about 60 parts by weight of LM-pectin, and about 0.1 to about 60 parts by weight of perfume.

The flavor-containing sheet for smoking articles may also include about 0.1 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight of an aerosol former based on 100 parts by weight total.

Fig. 3A is a diagram illustrating the flavor-containing sheet 300 for a smoking article before being dried, and fig. 3B is a diagram illustrating the flavor-containing sheet 400 for a smoking article after being dried.

Referring to fig. 3A and 3B, the fragrance-containing sheet 300 prior to drying may have a thickness d1. The dried flavor-containing sheet 400 can have a thickness d2. The thickness d1 of the fragrance-containing sheet 300 before drying may be greater than the thickness d2 of the fragrance-containing sheet 400 after drying. For example, the pre-dried flavor-containing sheet 300 can have a thickness of about 0.2mm to about 2.0mm, while the post-dried flavor-containing sheet 400 can have a thickness of about 0.01mm to about 0.3 mm. The above thickness differences may result from differences in moisture content due to drying.

Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a cross-section of a first portion 500 of a smoking article according to an embodiment.

For example, fig. 4 may be a cross-sectional view of a first portion of the smoking article of fig. 1.

Referring to fig. 4, the first portion 500 may include a tobacco material 511 and a flavor-containing sheet 513. The tobacco material 511 may, for example, be in the form of a sheet of tobacco, such as cut filler of tobacco. Alternatively, the tobacco material 511 may be a tobacco sheet impregnated with an aerosol-generating substance or the like.

When the first portion 500 is combusted or heated, an aerosol may be generated from the tobacco material 511, and the flavor components volatilized from the flavor-containing sheet 513 may move with the aerosol.

Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of manufacturing a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article will be described in detail.

< example 1>

1. Preparation of the slurry

In example 1, 2.5g of agar was added to 72.5g of water and stirred at 95 ℃. Thereafter, 2.0g of pectin was added and stirred, and 3g of glycerol was added and cooled to 50 ℃. Then, 15g of menthol was added and stirred to remove bubbles. The finished slurry is maintained at a temperature of about 50 ℃.

In comparative examples 1 to 5, slurries were prepared by changing the weight ratio of each component as shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1

2. Manufacturing a flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article

The above slurry was dried to produce a sheet containing perfume having a thickness of about 0.01 mm. The moisture content of the dried flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article falls within the range of about 2 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight. More specifically, the moisture content is about 8 parts by weight.

< analysis of results >

TABLE 2

O: excellent, beta: good, X: difference of difference

As shown in table 2, it can be estimated that example 1 is superior to comparative examples 1 to 5 in at least one of viscosity characteristics, slurry forming characteristics, drying characteristics, sheet physical characteristics, and fragrance retaining characteristics. In addition, example 1 was also excellent in terms of the ability to prepare a slurry and the ability to prepare a sheet, even if an emulsifier was not included. However, embodiments may use emulsifiers.

Comparative example 1 has good slurry formation, but the drying time is relatively long. After the drying process is completed, the menthol content is relatively low and the holding time is relatively short. In comparative example 2, the slurry stability was poor, and thus phase separation occurred with the lapse of time and it was difficult to prepare a uniform sheet. In comparative example 3, the slurry viscosity was high, so that it was difficult to manufacture a sheet. The sheet of comparative example 4 was poor in productivity, and the produced sheet was poor in quality. The slurry of comparative example 5 has high viscosity, and thus it is difficult to manufacture a sheet.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a combustion cigarette 600.

According to an embodiment, a combustion type cigarette 600 includes: a first section 610 comprising tobacco material and a flavor-containing sheet; and a second section 620 comprising a filter element. The first section 610 and the second section 620 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the burning cigarette 600 and the flavor-containing sheet comprises LM-pectin.

The first segment 610 may be ignited by a user. When the first segment 610 is lit, the flavoring generated by the flavoring-containing sheet may flow into the second segment 620 along with the cigarette smoke.

That is, the description given above with respect to the flavor-containing sheet for smoking articles is equally applicable to the combustion cigarette 600.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the above-described features. The disclosed methods should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The scope of the disclosure should, therefore, be defined by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope equivalent to the scope described in the claims should be construed as being included in the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article, wherein the flavor-containing sheet comprises:

moisture;

thickening the polysaccharide;

low methoxy pectin; and

the perfume is used for the preparation of a perfume,

wherein the low methoxy pectin comprises less than 20% carboxyl groups, and

the low methoxy pectin does not gel when cooled at room temperature,

wherein the perfume-containing sheet comprises, based on a total of 100 parts by weight: 2 to 15 parts by weight of the moisture, 1 to 60 parts by weight of the thickening polysaccharide, 1 to 60 parts by weight of the low methoxy pectin, 0.1 to 60 parts by weight of the perfume, and 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of the aerosol former,

wherein the thickening polysaccharide is one of agar, gellan gum, carrageenan and glucomannan.

2. The flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article of claim 1, wherein the flavor-containing sheet further comprises a filler.

3. The flavor-containing sheet for a smoking article of claim 1, wherein the flavor-containing sheet further comprises an emulsifier.

4. The flavor-containing sheet for smoking articles of claim 2, wherein,

the filler is dextrin.

5. A flavourant-containing sheet for a smoking article according to claim 1, wherein the flavourant-containing sheet has a thickness of 0.01mm to 0.3 mm.

6. A smoking article, the smoking article comprising:

a first portion comprising tobacco material and a flavor-containing sheet; and

a second portion comprising a filter element,

wherein the first portion and the second portion are arranged in series along a longitudinal direction of the smoking article, an

Wherein the perfume-containing sheet comprises low methoxy pectin,

wherein the low methoxyl pectin contains less than 20% carboxyl groups, and

the low methoxy pectin does not gel when cooled at room temperature,

wherein the perfume-containing sheet comprises, based on a total of 100 parts by weight: 2 to 15 parts by weight of moisture, 1 to 60 parts by weight of a thickening polysaccharide, 1 to 60 parts by weight of the low methoxy pectin, 0.1 to 60 parts by weight of a perfume, and 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of an aerosol former,

7. A smoking article according to claim 6, wherein the flavour containing sheet has a thickness of 0.01mm to 0.3 mm.

8. A combustion-type cigarette, the combustion-type cigarette comprising:

a first segment comprising tobacco material and a flavor-containing sheet; and

a second section comprising a filter element,

wherein the first section and the second section are arranged in series along the longitudinal direction of the burning cigarette, an

Wherein the perfume-containing sheet comprises low methoxy pectin,

wherein the low methoxyl pectin contains less than 20% carboxyl groups, and

the low methoxy pectin does not gel when cooled at room temperature,