CN114518387A - Insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method, measuring instrument and intelligent transmission Internet of things system - Google Patents
Insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method, measuring instrument and intelligent transmission Internet of things system Download PDFInfo
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
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- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method, a measuring instrument and an intelligent transmission Internet of things system, wherein the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of a polar plate by adopting an equivalent salt deposit density method; setting a plurality of groups of different equivalent salt densities to obtain the relation between the equivalent salt densities and the resistance value changes; a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density is constructed based on a resistance sensing principle and a relation between a resistance value and the equivalent salt deposit density. The method comprehensively considers factors such as temperature, humidity and pollutant components, corrects errors to obtain a relatively accurate insulator salt deposit density value, is low in cost, relatively easy to obtain and relatively simple in principle, has relatively strong popularization and applicability, can save a large amount of manpower and material cost, avoids realizing equivalent salt deposit density measurement on high-voltage transmission line insulators in different areas and in different environments, avoids the operation process of sampling in the early stage, and greatly improves the safety of measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulator surface equivalent salt deposit density detection, in particular to an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method, an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring instrument and an intelligent transmission Internet of things system.
Background
The effective detection of the equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the insulator has important significance for preventing pollution flashover accidents of a power grid and ensuring safe operation of the power grid. In recent years, the problem of pollution flashover of insulators of power transmission lines is becoming serious, and the pollution flashover of the insulators becomes an important factor causing serious accidents of the power transmission lines, so that the effective detection of the salt density value of the insulators is very important. At present, the common insulator salt density detection methods comprise: equivalent salt deposit density method, leakage current method, local surface conductivity method, optical sensor measurement method, etc. The traditional equivalent salt deposit density method adopts a manual mode, actual filth is dissolved in distilled water with a certain volume and temperature, the conductivity of the actual filth is measured, the NaCl mass with the same conductivity is obtained through conversion, and the mass number is divided by the surface area of the insulator, so that the equivalent salt deposit density can be obtained. The method is a main measurement method at present, has relatively high accuracy, wastes time and labor, has great personal safety hidden dangers in the early sampling operation process, cannot monitor the pollution accumulation characteristic of the same insulator for a long time, and is a relatively laggard test method. The degree of contamination on the surface of the insulator measured by the leakage current method is clear, but the size of the leakage current is greatly influenced by environmental factors, the precision of the side leakage current method is influenced by the material and the structural parameters of the insulator, and the side leakage current method is also in a laboratory stage at present and is not specifically applied. The local surface conductivity method can accurately measure the distribution condition of the surface dirt by measuring the local conductivity of the dirt layer on the surface of the insulator. However, the measurement of the local surface conductivity has a condition which is difficult to grasp, that is, the measurement needs to be performed when the contamination layer on the surface of the insulator is in a saturated and damp state, and the contamination on the surface of the insulator cannot be stably kept in the saturated and damp state in actual operation, so that the measurement results at different times are inconsistent, and different operators perform the measurement to greatly influence the measured data. The method for measuring the salt density value of the insulator by using the optical sensor system measurement method is widely applied. The method is based on the principle that pollutants can influence the loss value of optical energy transmitted in a quartz rod, the salt density value is converted into the optical energy loss value by determining the relation between the loss value and the salt density value, and the detection of the salt density value is realized. And the price cost of the optical sensing equipment is relatively high, and the light path is relatively complicated to build. At present, only a few on-line monitoring and information transmission systems except for the salt density value obtained by manual sampling can send out the measured salt density value in a data form and receive the salt density value at a far end, but the systems have the following problems more or less: the construction is complex, the used instrument is not specific, the salt deposit density detection means is backward, the intelligent degree is low, and a series of operations of measuring data, transmitting the data to a cloud end and processing the data can not be completed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, in order to solve the problems of improper measurement mode and low measurement precision existing in the effective detection of the equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the insulator in the prior art, the invention provides an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement method, a measurement instrument and an intelligent transmission internet of things system.
The invention solves the problems through the following technical means:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for measuring equivalent salt deposit density of an insulator, which comprises the following steps:
measuring the equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the polar plate by using an equivalent salt deposit density method;
setting a plurality of groups of different equivalent salt densities to obtain the relation between the equivalent salt densities and the resistance value changes;
a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density is constructed based on a resistance sensing principle and a relation between a resistance value and the equivalent salt deposit density.
Further, constructing a resistance sensor capable of detecting the equivalent salt deposit density based on the resistance sensing principle and the relationship between the resistance value and the equivalent salt deposit density further comprises:
and calculating the maximum equivalent salt deposit density corresponding to the minimum resistance value so as to obtain the measuring range of the resistance sensor under the plate interval.
Further, the specific measurement of the equivalent salt deposit density of the surface of the pole plate by using an equivalent salt deposit density method comprises the following steps:
cleaning the surface dirt of the object to be measured with distilled water, and measuring the conductivity sigma of the dirt liquid with a conductivity metertAnd the temperature t, the electrical conductivity sigma at 20 ℃ being calculated20Then converting to obtain ESDD;
σ20＝Ktσt(μS/cm) (1)
the conductivity of the contaminated liquid at 20 ℃ can be derived from formula (1), wherein KtFor temperature correction coefficient, the temperature of the waste liquid measured by experiment is about 25 ℃, and the K at 25 ℃ is obtained by looking up a tabletA value of 0.8954;
ESDD＝Wd/Ad(mg/cm2) (2)
in the formula: ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density, AdIs the surface area of the surface insulation part of the object to be measured in cm2；WdIs equivalent salt content, unit mg; when sigma is20W in the range of 40-4000. mu.S/cmdCalculated using the formula:
in the formula: qdThe volume of water for cleaning is unit ml; the ESDD after experimentally measured conductivity can be derived from formula (2) and formula (3).
Further, setting a plurality of different sets of equivalent salt densities to obtain a relationship between the equivalent salt density and the resistance value change specifically includes:
drying the polar plate after spraying to obtain a layer of dirty layer on the surface of the polar plate, then firstly storing the polar plate in a humid environment with certain humidity, measuring the resistance of the polar plate, drying the polar plate again, then cleaning the surface of the polar plate, measuring the conductivity and the temperature of a cleaning solution, and obtaining the equivalent salt deposit density obtained under the spraying time through calculation;
due to the fact thatThe resistance value does not have a linear relation with the change of the equivalent salt deposit density, the change rate of the resistance is gradually slow along with the increase of the equivalent salt deposit density, and the fitting degree of a test polynomial fitting curve is good, so that the relation between the equivalent salt deposit density and the resistance value is explored by adopting polynomial fitting; the equivalent salt deposit density resistance value relationship under a plurality of different intervals can be uniformly fitted into a quadratic polynomial a2x+b2x + c, and R thereof2The values are all very close to 1, which shows that the relation between the equivalent salt deposit density and the resistance value can be expressed by a quadratic polynomial;
the secondary coefficient is related to the polar plate interval, and the relationship between the secondary coefficient and the polar plate interval is further obtained; the one-to-one corresponding relation of the resistance values under different equivalent salt densities can be obtained according to the formula of the curve.
Further, the resistance sensing principle is as follows:
atmospheric pollution and salt mist are accumulated on the surface of the insulator to form a pollution layer, the pollution layer contains electrolytes of soluble salt, acid and alkali, and after the surface of the insulator is wetted, the pollutants are dissolved in a water film on the surface of the insulator to form ionic conductance so that the conductance on the surface of the insulator is increased suddenly; because the insulating medium is arranged between the parallel polar plates, the resistance magnitude of the two ends of the parallel polar plates is very large, so that the instrument cannot measure; moisture containing various pollutants can be accumulated on the surface of an insulating medium in a salt spray environment, and a pollution layer containing acid, alkali and soluble salt is formed after the moisture is dried; in a humid environment, in the filth accumulated by the insulating medium between the parallel polar plates, the electrolyte is dissolved in the water film on the surface of the parallel polar plates, and free ions capable of conducting electricity are ionized in the water film, so that ionic conductance is formed, the conductance on the surface of the insulating medium is increased, two ends of the parallel polar plates are conducted, and two ends of the parallel polar plates can obtain measurable resistance; the number of free ions formed is different under the condition of different pollutant contents, and the resistance measured at the two ends of the polar plate is different.
Further, the plate was kept in a humid environment with a humidity of 70%, and the resistance thereof was measured.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring instrument, which comprises a resistance sensor for detecting equivalent salt deposit density by adopting the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an intelligent transmission internet of things system for insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement, comprising:
the measuring terminal is used for measuring the equivalent salt deposit density measurement of the insulator by adopting the equivalent salt deposit density measurement method of the insulator and transmitting the measurement data to the platform of the Internet of things;
the Internet of things platform is used for realizing data connection between the measuring end and the user end;
and the user side is used for the user to obtain data in the intelligent equipment and perform monitoring and next processing functions.
Further, the measuring end comprises a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density, an STM32 single chip microcomputer, a serial port conversion module CH340 and an ESP8266 module which are connected in sequence.
Further, the internet of things platform comprises a first router, an internet of things open platform and a second router which are connected in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
1. the application of insulator among high tension transmission line is extensive, exists in power plant, electric substation mostly, but because the environment is complicated changeable, the comprehensive influence of factors such as humidity, temperature, filthy thing, the insulator will adhere to the electrically conductive contaminated layer that wets of one deck along with the increase of service life to lead to the emergence of large tracts of land pollution flashover accident, in order to avoid or reduce the emergence of this type of accident, should carry out accurate real-time supervision to insulator salt density, carry out timely maintenance to high tension transmission line. Therefore, the method has very important practical significance and application prospect for the research of salt density measurement.
2. The salt density detection method based on the resistance sensing principle is an insulator salt density value detection method which is low in cost, relatively easy to obtain and simple in principle, and meanwhile, the method has high popularization and applicability. The method is less influenced by the environment, can be applied when leaving a laboratory, and can not have scenes and conditions which cannot be applied.
3. At present, the measuring means of the resistance is rich, the difficulty of indirectly measuring the salt deposit density value by directly measuring the resistance is low, and the accuracy can be ensured, so that the resistance sensor capable of detecting the equivalent salt deposit density is constructed according to the resistance sensing principle and the relation research of the resistance and the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) and has strong applicability.
4. Aiming at the problems of improper measurement mode and low measurement precision of the conventional effective detection of equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the insulator, the invention improves the measurement method, comprehensively considers the factors such as temperature, humidity and pollutant components and corrects errors to obtain a more accurate salt deposit density value of the insulator.
5. The traditional measurement mode is that an insulator is generally disassembled, dirt is cleaned to obtain a corresponding salt solution, and the equivalent salt deposit density is converted by measuring the conductivity of the salt solution. On the basis of a traditional insulator salt deposit density measurement mode, the method innovatively combines an information transmission technology, changes the traditional information acquisition mode, and finally realizes remote data interaction, namely remote monitoring and real-time monitoring, of the original data information at the cloud end through a digital-to-analog conversion module. The problem of the traditional mode because the filth loss that dismantlement, transportation insulator lead to reduce the detection precision has been solved better. Meanwhile, a large amount of manpower and material resource cost can be saved, and equivalent salt deposit density measurement of high-voltage transmission line insulators in different areas and different environments is avoided. Meanwhile, the invention avoids the operation process of early sampling and greatly improves the safety of measurement.
6. Compared with the existing system, the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring instrument based on the resistance sensing principle and the intelligent transmission Internet of things system have the advantages of fewer instruments, lower construction difficulty, higher information transmission stability and efficiency, and the Internet of things realization, so that the system is more intelligent and greatly improves the quality and speed of data processing. Compared with the more popular 51 singlechips in the market, the STM32 singlechips process 32 bits of data width at a time and the 51 singlechips can process 8 bits only, and meanwhile, the STM32 singlechips are products with the lowest power consumption in the market in 32 bits. Moreover, the RAM and the ROM in the STM32 single chip microcomputer are much larger than those of the 51 single chip microcomputer, and the computing capability is also stronger. STM32 singlechip program is the modularization, and the interface is simple relatively to self function is more, and 51 singlechip self function is few, needs peripheral element many, still needs the user to be higher to the singlechip familiarity degree. The ESP8266 is a module serial port-to-wireless module chip, is internally provided with firmware, and has the advantages of simple user operation, small volume, low power consumption, transparent transmission support, no serious packet loss phenomenon, low price and the like. And the ESP8266 module also allows a user to write Rom by himself, so that not only can the data transmission function be realized, but also the wifi hotspot can be controlled to be established, or the wifi hotspot can be connected to a certain designated router as a wifi client, and simultaneously all gpios can be programmed and controlled.
7. The intelligent transmission system successfully realizes the Internet of things, and a set of complete information transmission system and information transmission chain is established. And the mobile phone App can be used for directly acquiring data through the OneNet platform, and then the salt deposit density value can be monitored and processed through software.
8. The Internet of things can construct a whole power grid information transmission and management system, and agility and efficiency are improved. Meanwhile, enterprises can obtain more data about products and internal systems, and with the introduction of comprehensive and real-time data collection and analysis, the reaction capacity of a production system is greatly improved, and the labor productivity can be improved or the cost can be saved. For example, when a salt density value of a certain part is sharply changed in the power transmission process, the remote end can immediately find the change and timely process the change, so that the economic loss and the potential safety hazard can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ESDD-resistance relationship of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an ESDD-resistance fit curve (1-4mm) of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an ESDD-resistance fit curve (5-8mm) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an intelligent transmission Internet of things system for insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The application of insulator among high tension transmission line is extensive, exists in power plant, electric substation mostly, but because the environment is complicated changeable, the comprehensive influence of factors such as humidity, temperature, filthy thing, the insulator will adhere to the electrically conductive contaminated layer that wets of one deck along with the increase of service life to lead to the emergence of large tracts of land pollution flashover accident, in order to avoid or reduce the emergence of this type of accident, should carry out accurate real-time supervision to insulator salt density, carry out timely maintenance to high tension transmission line. Therefore, the method has very important practical significance and application prospect for the research of salt density measurement.
Equivalent salt deposit density, referred to as Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD), is the ratio of the total amount of sodium chloride to the surface area of gas having the same conductivity as the solution obtained after thorough cleaning of the surface contamination of the insulator. The equivalent salt density is to calibrate the conductivity of the composition of the substances in the dirt by using a sodium chloride solution with a certain concentration so that the substances have equivalent conductivity, and the conductivity of the complex substances can be represented by equivalent salt density (ESDD) parameters, so that the content of the dirt on the surface of the insulator is obtained.
The salt density detection method based on the resistance sensing principle is an insulator salt density value detection method which is low in cost, relatively easy to obtain and simple in principle, and meanwhile, the method has high popularization and applicability. The method is less influenced by the environment, can be applied when leaving a laboratory, and can not have scenes and conditions which cannot be applied.
Aiming at the problems of improper measurement mode and low measurement precision of the conventional effective detection of equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the insulator, the invention improves the measurement method, comprehensively considers the factors such as temperature, humidity and pollutant components and corrects errors to obtain a more accurate salt deposit density value of the insulator.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for measuring equivalent salt deposit density of an insulator, which comprises the following steps:
measuring the equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the polar plate by using an equivalent salt deposit density method;
setting a plurality of groups of different equivalent salt densities to obtain the relation between the equivalent salt densities and the resistance value changes;
a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density is constructed based on a resistance sensing principle and a relation between a resistance value and the equivalent salt deposit density.
The invention constructs a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density based on a resistance sensing principle and a relation study of resistance and Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD).
Resistance sensing experimental principle: air pollution, salt mist and the like are accumulated on the surface of the insulator to form a pollution layer, the pollution layer contains electrolytes such as soluble salt, acid, alkali and the like, and after the surface of the insulator is wetted, the pollutants are dissolved in a water film on the surface of the insulator to form ionic conductance, so that the conductance on the surface of the insulator is increased suddenly. Because the insulating medium is arranged between the parallel polar plates, the resistance magnitude of the two ends of the parallel polar plates is very large, so that the instrument cannot measure. Moisture containing various pollutants can be accumulated on the surface of the insulating medium in a salt spray environment, and a pollution layer containing acid, alkali and soluble salt is formed after the moisture is dried. In a humid environment, in the filth accumulated by the insulating medium between the parallel polar plates, the electrolyte is dissolved in the water film on the surface of the parallel polar plates, and free ions capable of conducting electricity are ionized in the water film, so that ionic conductance is formed, the conductance on the surface of the insulating medium is increased, two ends of the parallel polar plates are conducted, and two ends of the parallel polar plates can obtain measurable resistance. The number of free ions formed is different under the condition of different pollutant contents, and the resistance measured at the two ends of the polar plate is also different.
In order to obtain the relation between the resistance and the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) and construct a resistance sensor capable of detecting the equivalent salt deposit density, the ESDD on the surface of a polar plate is measured by an equivalent salt deposit density method, the specific method is that the dirt on the surface of an object to be measured is cleaned by distilled water, and then a conductivity instrument is used for measuring the conductivity sigma of the dirt liquidtAnd the temperature t, the electrical conductivity sigma at 20 ℃ being calculated20Then converting to obtain ESDD;
σ20＝Ktσt(μS/cm) (1)
the conductivity of the contaminated liquid at 20 ℃ can be derived from formula (1), wherein KtFor temperature correction coefficient, the temperature of the waste liquid measured by experiment is about 25 ℃, and the K at 25 ℃ is obtained by looking up a tabletThe value was 0.8954.
ESDD＝Wd/Ad(mg/cm2) (2)
In the formula: a. thedIs the surface area of the surface insulation part of the object to be measured in cm2；WdIs equivalent salt content in mg. When sigma is20W in the range of 40-4000. mu.S/cmdCan be calculated using the following formula:
in the formula: qdThe volume of water used for washing is given in ml. The ESDD after experimentally measured conductivity can be derived from formula (2) and formula (3).
The experiment sets 8 groups of different equivalent salt densities to obtain the relation between ESDD and resistance value change, after spraying is finished, the polar plate is dried to obtain a layer of dirt layer on the surface, then the polar plate is kept in a humid environment with the humidity of about 70%, the resistance of the polar plate is measured, the surface of the polar plate is cleaned after drying again, the conductivity and the temperature of cleaning liquid are measured, and the ESDD obtained in the spraying time is obtained through calculation. As shown in fig. 2: the curve corresponding to the dots on the leftmost side of the picture sequentially represents the relationship between the ESDD and the resistance when the interval between the polar plates is 1mm-8mms from bottom to top. Because the resistance value does not have a linear relation with the change of the ESDD, the change rate of the resistance is gradually slow along with the rise of the ESDD, and the fitting degree of the curve fitted by the test polynomial is better, the relation between the ESDD and the resistance value is researched by adopting polynomial fitting. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the curves corresponding to the dots on the left side of the pictures represent the relationship between the ESDD and the resistance when the distance between the plates is 1mm-4mm and 5mm-8mms in sequence from bottom to top. The ESDD resistance value relations under 8 different intervals can be uniformly fitted into a quadratic polynomial a2x+b2x + c, and R thereof2The values are all very close to 1, illustrating that the relationship between ESDD and resistance can be represented by a second order polynomial. The coefficients of the first order terms are all negative numbers, and the coefficients of the second order terms of different curves are different, which shows that the coefficients of the second order terms are related to the polar plate interval, and the relationship between the coefficients of the second order terms and the polar plate interval can be obtained through further research. The one-to-one corresponding relation of the resistance values under different ESDD can be obtained according to the formula of the curve, and the maximum ESDD value corresponding to the minimum resistance value can be calculated according to the coefficient of the resistance value, so that the measuring range detected by the sensor under the interval can be obtained.
The traditional measurement mode is that an insulator is generally disassembled, dirt is cleaned to obtain a corresponding salt solution, and the equivalent salt deposit density is converted by measuring the conductivity of the salt solution. On the basis of a traditional insulator salt deposit density measurement mode, the method innovatively combines an information transmission technology, changes the traditional information acquisition mode, and finally realizes remote data interaction, namely remote monitoring and real-time monitoring, of the original data information at the cloud end through a digital-to-analog conversion module. The problem of the traditional mode because the filth loss that dismantlement, transportation insulator lead to reduces detection accuracy has been solved well. Meanwhile, a large amount of manpower and material cost can be saved, and equivalent salt deposit density measurement is realized on high-voltage transmission line insulators in different areas and different environments. And more importantly, the potential safety hazard caused by the disassembly of the traditional measurement is greatly reduced.
Example 2
The invention also provides an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring instrument which comprises a resistance sensor for detecting the equivalent salt deposit density by adopting the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method.
Example 3
The invention also provides an intelligent transmission Internet of things system for insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement, which comprises a measuring end, an Internet of things platform and a user end;
the measuring end is used for measuring the equivalent salt deposit density measurement of the insulator by adopting the equivalent salt deposit density measurement method of the insulator and transmitting the measurement data to the platform of the Internet of things;
the Internet of things platform is used for realizing data connection between the measuring end and the user end;
and the user side is used for the user to obtain data in the intelligent equipment and perform monitoring and next processing functions.
As shown in fig. 5, the intelligent transmission internet of things system for insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement is provided. The system consists of a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density, an STM32 single chip microcomputer, a serial port conversion module (CH340), an ESP8266 module, a first router, a OneNet platform, a second router and a user side. The resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density, the STM32 single chip microcomputer, the transfer serial port module (CH340) and the ESP8266 module jointly form a measuring end. And the data is transmitted to the OneNet platform, so that the function that a user can obtain the data in the platform or a mobile phone app and carry out monitoring and next-step processing is realized. Compared with the existing system, the insulator salt density measuring instrument based on the resistance sensing principle and the intelligent transmission Internet of things system have the advantages that the number of instruments needed by the system is smaller, the construction difficulty is lower, the information transmission stability and efficiency are higher, the functions of the adopted single chip microcomputer and the modules are more complete, and the Internet of things can be realized, so that the system is more intelligent.
The design of the STM32 single chip microcomputer is based on an ARM Cortex-M3 kernel specially designed for embedded application requiring high performance, low cost and low power consumption. Compared with the more popular 51 singlechips in the market, the STM32 singlechips process data width 32 bits once and the 51 singlechips can only process 8 bits, and meanwhile, the STM32 singlechips are also products with the lowest power consumption in the 32-bit singlechips in the market. And RAM and ROM in the STM32 singlechip are all far greater than 51 singlechips, and the computing power is also more powerful. Meanwhile, STM32 singlechip programs are all modularized, the interface is relatively simple, and the function is more, compared with 51 singlechips, the function is less, the required peripheral elements are more, and the familiarity of users to the singlechips is higher.
The ESP8266 is a module serial port-to-wireless module chip, is internally provided with firmware, and has the advantages of simple user operation, small volume, low power consumption, transparent transmission support, no serious packet loss phenomenon, low price and the like. And the ESP8266 module also allows a user to write Rom by himself, so that not only can the data transmission function be realized, but also the wifi hotspot can be controlled to be established, or the wifi hotspot can be connected to a certain designated router as a wifi client, and simultaneously all gpios can be programmed and controlled.
OneNET is a PaaS internet of things open platform created by china mobile. The platform can help developers easily realize equipment access and equipment connection, quickly complete product development and deployment, and provide a perfect Internet of things solution for intelligent hardware and intelligent household products.
The internet of things is that any object or process needing monitoring, connection and interaction is collected in real time through various devices and technologies such as various information sensors, radio frequency identification technologies, global positioning systems, infrared sensors, laser scanners and the like, various required information such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, positions and the like is collected, ubiquitous connection of objects and objects, and ubiquitous connection of objects and people are realized through various possible network accesses, and intelligent sensing, identification and management of the objects and the processes are realized. The internet of things is an information bearer based on the internet, a traditional telecommunication network and the like, and all common physical objects which can be independently addressed form an interconnected network. The internet of things is that any object or process needing monitoring, connection and interaction is collected in real time through various devices and technologies such as various information sensors, radio frequency identification technologies, global positioning systems, infrared sensors, laser scanners and the like, various required information such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, positions and the like is collected, ubiquitous connection of objects and objects, and ubiquitous connection of objects and people are realized through various possible network accesses, and intelligent sensing, identification and management of the objects and the processes are realized. The internet of things is an information bearer based on the internet, a traditional telecommunication network and the like, and all common physical objects which can be independently addressed form an interconnected network.
At present, the measuring means of the resistance is rich, the difficulty of indirectly measuring the salt deposit density value by directly measuring the resistance is low, and the accuracy can be ensured, so that the resistance sensor capable of detecting the equivalent salt deposit density is constructed according to the resistance sensing principle and the relation research of the resistance and the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) and has strong applicability.
Compared with the existing system, the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring instrument based on the resistance sensing principle and the intelligent transmission Internet of things system have the advantages of fewer instruments, lower construction difficulty, higher information transmission stability and efficiency, and the Internet of things realization, so that the system is more intelligent and greatly improves the quality and speed of data processing. Compared with the more popular 51 singlechips in the market, the STM32 singlechips process 32 bits of data width at a time and the 51 singlechips can process 8 bits only, and meanwhile, the STM32 singlechips are products with the lowest power consumption in the market in 32 bits. And RAM and ROM in the STM32 singlechip are all far greater than 51 singlechips, and the computing power is also more powerful. STM32 singlechip program is modular, and the interface is simple relatively to self function is more, and 51 singlechip's self function is few, needs peripheral element many, still needs the user to be familiar with the degree to the singlechip higher. The ESP8266 is a module serial port-to-wireless module chip, is internally provided with firmware, and has the advantages of simple user operation, small volume, low power consumption, transparent transmission support, no serious packet loss phenomenon, low price and the like. And the ESP8266 module also allows a user to write Rom by himself, so that not only can the data transmission function be realized, but also the wifi hotspot can be controlled to be established, or the wifi hotspot can be connected to a certain designated router as a wifi client, and simultaneously all gpios can be programmed and controlled.
The intelligent transmission system successfully realizes the Internet of things, and a set of complete information transmission system and information transmission chain is established. And the mobile phone App can be used for directly acquiring data through the OneNet platform, and then the salt density value can be monitored and processed through software.
The Internet of things can construct a whole power grid information transmission and management system, and agility and efficiency are improved. Meanwhile, enterprises can obtain more data about products and internal systems, and with the introduction of comprehensive and real-time data collection and analysis, the reaction capacity of a production system is greatly improved, and the labor productivity can be improved or the cost can be saved. For example, when a salt density value of a certain part is sharply changed in the power transmission process, the remote end can immediately find the change and timely process the change, so that the economic loss and the potential safety hazard can be reduced to the maximum extent.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the polar plate by using an equivalent salt deposit density method;
setting a plurality of groups of different equivalent salt densities to obtain the relation between the equivalent salt densities and the resistance value changes;
a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density is constructed based on a resistance sensing principle and a relation between a resistance value and the equivalent salt deposit density.
2. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method according to claim 1, wherein after constructing the resistance sensor capable of detecting the equivalent salt deposit density based on the resistance sensing principle and the relationship between the resistance value and the equivalent salt deposit density, the method further comprises:
and calculating the maximum equivalent salt deposit density corresponding to the minimum resistance value so as to obtain the measuring range detected by the resistance sensor under the polar plate interval.
3. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement of the equivalent salt deposit density of the surface of the pole plate by using the equivalent salt deposit density method specifically comprises:
cleaning the surface dirt of the object to be measured with distilled water, and measuring the conductivity sigma of the dirt liquid with a conductivity metertAnd the temperature t, the electrical conductivity sigma at 20 ℃ being calculated20Then converting to obtain ESDD;
σ20＝Ktσt(μS/cm) (1)
the conductivity of the contaminated liquid at 20 ℃ can be derived from formula (1), wherein KtFor temperature correction coefficient, the temperature of the waste liquid measured by experiment is about 25 ℃, and the K at 25 ℃ is obtained by looking up a tabletA value of 0.8954;
ESDD＝Wd/Ad(mg/cm2) (2)
in the formula: ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density, AdIs the surface area of the surface insulation part of the object to be measured in cm2；WdIs equivalent salt content, unit mg; when sigma is20W in the range of 40-4000. mu.S/cmdCalculated using the formula:
in the formula: qdThe volume of water for cleaning is unit ml; the ESDD after experimentally measured conductivity can be derived from formula (2) and formula (3).
4. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the step of setting a plurality of different sets of equivalent salt deposit densities to obtain the relationship between the equivalent salt deposit density and the resistance value change specifically comprises the steps of:
drying the polar plate after spraying to obtain a dirty layer on the surface of the polar plate, then firstly storing the polar plate in a humid environment with certain humidity, measuring the resistance of the polar plate, drying the polar plate again, cleaning the surface of the polar plate, measuring the conductivity and the temperature of the cleaning solution, and calculating to obtain the equivalent salt density obtained at the spraying time;
because the resistance value does not have a linear relation with the change of the equivalent salt deposit density, the change rate of the resistance is gradually slow along with the rise of the equivalent salt deposit density, and the fitting degree of a curve fitted by a test polynomial is good, the relation between the equivalent salt deposit density and the resistance value is explored by adopting polynomial fitting; the equivalent salt deposit density resistance value relationship under a plurality of different intervals can be uniformly fitted into a quadratic polynomial a2x+b2x + c, and R thereof2The values are all very close to 1, which shows that the relation between the equivalent salt deposit density and the resistance value can be expressed by a quadratic polynomial;
the first order coefficients are all negative numbers, and the quadratic terms of different curves are different, which shows that the quadratic term coefficients are related to the polar plate interval, and further obtains the relation between the quadratic term coefficients and the polar plate interval; the one-to-one corresponding relation of the resistance values under different equivalent salt densities can be obtained according to the formula of the curve.
5. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance sensing principle is as follows:
atmospheric pollution and salt mist are accumulated on the surface of the insulator to form a pollution layer, the pollution layer contains electrolytes of soluble salt, acid and alkali, and after the surface of the insulator is wetted, the pollutants are dissolved in a water film on the surface of the insulator to form ionic conductance so that the conductance on the surface of the insulator is increased suddenly; because the insulating medium is arranged between the parallel polar plates, the resistance magnitude of the two ends of the parallel polar plates is very large, so that the instrument cannot measure; moisture containing various pollutants can be accumulated on the surface of an insulating medium in a salt spray environment, and a pollution layer containing acid, alkali and soluble salt is formed after the moisture is dried; in a humid environment, in the filth accumulated by the insulating medium between the parallel polar plates, the electrolyte is dissolved in the water film on the surface of the parallel polar plates, and free ions capable of conducting electricity are ionized in the water film, so that ionic conductance is formed, the conductance on the surface of the insulating medium is increased, two ends of the parallel polar plates are conducted, and two ends of the parallel polar plates can obtain measurable resistance; the number of free ions formed is different under the condition of different pollutant contents, and the resistance measured at the two ends of the polar plate is different.
6. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method according to claim 4, wherein the plate is kept in a humid environment with a humidity of 70% and the resistance thereof is measured.
7. An insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring instrument, which is characterized by comprising a resistance sensor for detecting the equivalent salt deposit density by adopting the insulator equivalent salt deposit density measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The utility model provides an insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement intelligence transmission thing networking systems which characterized in that includes:
the measuring terminal is used for measuring the equivalent salt deposit density measurement of the insulator by adopting the equivalent salt deposit density measurement method of the insulator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and transmitting the measurement data to the platform of the Internet of things;
the Internet of things platform is used for realizing data connection between the measuring end and the user end;
and the user side is used for the user to obtain data in the intelligent equipment and perform monitoring and next processing functions.
9. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement intelligent transmission internet of things system according to claim 8, wherein the measuring end comprises a resistance sensor capable of detecting equivalent salt deposit density, an STM32 single chip microcomputer, a serial port conversion module CH340 and an ESP8266 module which are connected in sequence.
10. The insulator equivalent salt deposit density measurement intelligent transmission internet of things system according to claim 8, wherein the internet of things platform comprises a first router, an internet of things open platform and a second router which are connected in sequence.
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