CN114517629A - Aerogel hollow glass and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aerogel hollow glass and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114517629A CN114517629A CN202011313075.7A CN202011313075A CN114517629A CN 114517629 A CN114517629 A CN 114517629A CN 202011313075 A CN202011313075 A CN 202011313075A CN 114517629 A CN114517629 A CN 114517629A
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/673—Assembling the units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/673—Assembling the units
- E06B3/67304—Preparing rigid spacer members before assembly
- E06B3/67317—Filling of hollow spacer elements with absorbants; Closing off the spacers thereafter
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/16—Sealing arrangements on wings or parts co-operating with the wings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The aerogel hollow glass comprises two pieces of glass, a spacing bar, a molecular sieve, aerogel, a bonding seal between the glass and the spacing bar and a bonding seal at the periphery of the glass, wherein a closed hollow layer is formed between the two pieces of glass and the spacing bar; the hollow layer is filled with aerogel, and the aerogel is in the shape of one or the combination of two of plates, particles and powder; the aerogel plate is placed in the hollow layer before the glass is laminated, and aerogel particles and powder can be filled in the hollow layer in a vacuum filling mode after the glass is laminated; and integrally sealing the two pieces of glass and the outer side edges of the spacing strips by one or more of sealing glue, structural glue, sealing tape and sealing adhesive tape. The invention has the advantages of simple process flow, high mechanization and automation degree, short production period, high production efficiency, good product quality, good heat insulation and sound insulation performance and capability of greatly prolonging the service life of the hollow glass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hollow glass production, in particular to aerogel hollow glass and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people in China, the requirement on the living comfort level is higher and higher, heating and air conditioning facilities are inevitably added continuously, so that the building energy consumption is inevitably increased greatly, and the proportion of the building energy consumption in the total energy consumption of the whole society is also higher and higher. Therefore, building energy conservation is an important measure for ensuring national energy safety and building energy-saving and environment-friendly society in China. The hollow glass is a glass product formed by uniformly separating two or more pieces of glass at the edge by a spacing frame, and bonding and sealing the outer side of the spacing frame and the periphery of the glass to form a dry gas space between glass layers. The aerogel hollow glass is a new hollow glass product prepared by densely filling the aerogel in the hollow layer of the hollow glass, has excellent heat preservation and insulation, good light transmittance, high temperature resistance, sound insulation and shock absorption, and has wide application prospect in the field of building energy conservation. Aerogel hollow glass is a kind of hollow glass, so it has some disadvantages of hollow glass, for example, during the use, especially in low temperature and cold environment, the hollow layer of hollow glass often generates fog or dew formation phenomenon, and the water storage phenomenon can be generated seriously, the heat insulation performance and visual effect of hollow glass are greatly influenced, the service life is greatly shortened, and the occurrence of this phenomenon is closely related to the hollow glass production and assembly process and the technical maturity of workers. The main reasons for unstable quality of the existing hollow glass are that the production and assembly process is laggard, the mechanization and automation degree is low, and the quality is limited by the responsibility and the operation level of workers. Therefore, the improvement of the mechanization and automation degree of the production of the hollow glass is the key for improving the quality of the hollow glass.
The existing production process of hollow glass is simple, the main process procedure influencing the production mechanization and the automation degree lies in the placement of the spacing frame, although the existing automatic placement machine of the spacing frame has high cost and cannot be popularized and applied in a large range, the existing production process generally adopts manual installation; the manual installation is adopted, so that the production efficiency is low, the product quality cannot be guaranteed, and particularly, for large-size products, the spacer frame is easy to deform and droop, so that the spacer frame of the large-size hollow glass is difficult to guarantee to be parallel to the edge of the glass, the attractiveness is influenced, the consistency of structural adhesive is also influenced, and the sealing performance and the mechanical strength of the hollow glass are further influenced. Therefore, the automatic placement of the spacing frame is realized by a simple and easy method, and the method is the key for improving the mechanization and automation degree of hollow glass production, the production efficiency and the product quality.
The edge sealing of the existing hollow glass generally adopts two sealing steps, the first step is that butyl rubber is generally adopted between a spacing frame and the glass, the butyl rubber belongs to non-setting adhesive, has better water vapor barrier capability and is a main factor for blocking water vapor from entering a hollow layer; however, the spacing frame is made of spacing strips, at least one seam is formed, and the seam is not sealed by butyl rubber, so that the sealing defect exists; the second sealing is arranged between the outer side of the spacing frame and the two pieces of glass, generally, structural adhesives such as silicone adhesive, polysulfide adhesive and the like are adopted, the main function of the structural adhesives is to provide bonding strength, the sealing performance of the structural adhesives is poorer than that of butyl adhesive, and the more main defect is that the curing time is long, at least 24-48 hours of static curing time is needed, the hollow glass cannot move in the period, otherwise, the glass is easily misplaced, the butyl adhesive sealing layer is damaged, and the mechanical property of the structural adhesives is also adversely affected. Therefore, the main defects of the edge sealing of the existing hollow glass include that firstly, the sealing performance of the butyl rubber is good but the hollow layer is not sealed in a totally-closed manner, the structural rubber can seal the hollow layer in a totally-closed manner but the sealing performance is poor, secondly, the curing time of the structural rubber is too long, the production efficiency is seriously influenced, and the product quality is also adversely influenced.
The existing spacing frame of the hollow glass is added with a molecular sieve as a drying agent to absorb water vapor in the hollow layer and water vapor entering the hollow layer through the edge of the hollow glass, generally, the molecular sieve is filled after the spacing frame is made, the molecular sieve can always absorb water in the environment from the time when the molecular sieve is filled to the time when the structural adhesive is sealed, and the molecular sieve can greatly absorb water in the outside air in the environment with higher humidity, particularly in the environment with high temperature and high humidity in summer due to the fact that the time reaches dozens of minutes to dozens of minutes, so that the service life of the hollow glass is greatly shortened, and the service life of the hollow glass is influenced.
The edges and corners of the existing hollow glass are exposed outside, and are easy to collide to generate gaps and microcracks in the carrying process, the glass belongs to a brittle material, and the breakage of common glass and the self-explosion of toughened glass are mostly caused by the microcracks, so the exposed edges and corners of the hollow glass are important factors for damaging the glass.
The service life of the existing hollow glass marked in the national standard is only 15 years, the service life of a building is as long as 70 years, and the used hollow glass needs to be replaced for many times in the life cycle of the building, so that not only is a great deal of waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources caused, but also a great deal of unnecessary trouble is brought to a user. The service life of the hollow glass is only related to the glass and the edge sealing structure, the glass is made of inorganic materials, has very stable performance and can have the same service life as a building, and therefore, the service life of the hollow glass is determined by the reliability and the durability of the edge sealing of the hollow glass. Therefore, the key to save energy and reduce consumption in the building field is to prolong the service life of the hollow glass, especially to improve the edge sealing quality and performance of the hollow glass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides aerogel hollow glass and a manufacturing method thereof, which not only have simple process flow and high degree of mechanization and automation, but also have short production period, high production efficiency and good product quality, and can greatly prolong the service life of the hollow glass.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an aerogel hollow glass comprises glass, spacer bars, a molecular sieve, aerogel, bonding seal between the glass and the spacer bars and bonding seal at the periphery of the glass, and is characterized in that the glass is divided into two pieces with equal length and width, the spacer bars are directly bonded at the periphery of a first glass bonding surface in a subsection mode and form a closed frame, or the spacer bars form a spacer frame and then are bonded at the periphery of the first glass bonding surface, a second piece of glass is bonded on the other surface of the spacer bars and enables the peripheries of the two pieces of glass to be aligned, the glass and the spacer bars are bonded together through a sealant or a structural adhesive or a double-sided adhesive tape, and a closed hollow layer is formed between the two pieces of glass and the spacer bars; the hollow layer is filled with aerogel, and the aerogel is in the shape of one or the combination of two of plates, particles and powder; the aerogel plate is placed in the hollow layer before the glass is laminated, and aerogel particles and powder can be filled in the hollow layer in a vacuum filling mode after the glass is laminated; the spacing bars are cavity bars, and the molecular sieve is poured into the cavities of the spacing bars; one or more of a sealant, a structural adhesive, a sealing tape and a sealing adhesive tape is/are adopted to carry out integral sealing on the outer side edges of the two pieces of glass and the spacing strips, and the hollow glass after edge sealing can be directly transported and used without curing and solidification.
Furthermore, the width of the sealing tape or the sealing adhesive tape is equal to the thickness of the hollow layer of the hollow glass or equal to the thickness of the hollow glass, and preferably equal to the thickness of the hollow glass, so that the sealing tape or the sealing adhesive tape not only has good sealing effect, but also has the functions of protecting the glass and preventing the corners of the glass from colliding; the sealing tape is a metal foil tape or a composite material tape, such as a stainless steel tape, an aluminum foil tape or an aluminum-plastic composite tape, and the like, two ends of the sealing tape are butted or lapped, the lapped sealing effect is better, and the butted or lapped parts need to be sealed and fixed by adhesive tapes or adhesives; the sealing adhesive tape is a metal foil adhesive tape or a composite material adhesive tape, preferably an aluminum foil adhesive tape or a composite aluminum foil adhesive tape or an aluminum-plastic glass fiber composite adhesive tape or a composite material adhesive tape, and the like, the adhesive on the sealing adhesive tape is compatible with the structural adhesive, and the structural adhesive do not have chemical reaction, the adhesive on the sealing adhesive tape also has a waterproof function, and preferably an aluminum foil waterproof adhesive tape or an aluminum foil composite waterproof adhesive tape; the width of the sealing adhesive tape can be larger than the thickness of the hollow glass, the sealing adhesive tape wraps the side face of the hollow glass and is adhered to the edge parts of the two surfaces of the hollow glass and is U-shaped, and the sealing adhesive tape preferably can cover the spacing strips, so that the structural adhesive or the sealing adhesive and the spacing strips can be prevented from being irradiated by ultraviolet rays, better sealing performance, better protection and higher mechanical strength can be provided for the hollow glass, and the hollow glass can be moved and used no matter whether the structural adhesive is solidified or not, so that the quality of the hollow glass is improved, the production period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved;
furthermore, the sealing tape is wrapped outside the sealing tape or the sealing tape, the sealing tape wraps the side face of the hollow glass or wraps the side face of the hollow glass and is U-shaped, the spacer bar can be preferably covered, the structural adhesive or the sealing adhesive and the spacer bar can be prevented from being irradiated by ultraviolet rays, better sealing performance, better protection and higher mechanical strength are provided for the hollow glass, the hollow glass can be moved and used no matter whether the structural adhesive is cured, and therefore the quality of the hollow glass is improved, the production period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the single-cavity hollow glass is obtained by the scheme, and the outer surface of the glass is bonded with a piece of glass with the same size through the spacing bars, so that the two-cavity hollow glass is formed, and the multi-cavity hollow glass can be sequentially manufactured.
Furthermore, the middle glass of the two-cavity or multi-cavity hollow glass in the scheme can be replaced by a plastic film to form the diaphragm hollow glass or the suspension film hollow glass.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the aerogel hollow glass, which comprises the following steps:
step one, glass manufacturing: cutting two pieces of glass with the same size according to the external dimension of the manufactured hollow glass, edging, cleaning and drying, and carrying out toughening treatment if the glass needs to be toughened;
step two, cutting the spacing bars or manufacturing spacing frames: selecting a spacer bar with proper material and size, and cutting the spacer bar into spacer bars with corresponding length or manufacturing spacer frames with corresponding size according to the size of glass;
step three, fixing the spacing bars or the spacing frames: coating sealant or structural adhesive or adhering double-sided adhesive tape on the bonding surface of the spacing strip or the glass to bond the spacing strip on the glass and form a closed frame; or coating sealant or structural adhesive or adhering double-sided adhesive tape on the bonding surface of the spacing frame or the glass to bond the spacing frame on the glass;
step four, placing an aerogel plate: when the plate-shaped aerogel is adopted, the aerogel is placed on the glass surface in the spacing frame;
and fifthly, mounting a second piece of glass: coating sealant or structural adhesive or adhering a double-sided adhesive tape on the bonding surface of the spacing bar or the spacing frame or the second piece of glass, and bonding the second piece of glass on the spacing bar or the spacing frame;
sixth step, plate pressing or rolling: pressing or rolling the two pieces of glass after the sheet combination to ensure that the two pieces of glass are firmly bonded and are kept parallel;
seventh step, filling aerogel: when the aerogel particles and the powder are adopted, the hollow layer is filled with the aerogel particles and the powder by punching the spacing bars in a vacuum filling mode;
eighth step, filling molecular sieve: pouring the molecular sieve into the cavity of the spacing bar through punching holes on the side surface of the spacing bar or reserved opening holes of the spacing bar;
ninth, edge sealing: integrally sealing the peripheral side surfaces of the two pieces of glass and the spacing bars by using structural glue or sealant or sealing tape or sealing adhesive tape;
tenth step, strengthening sealing: and according to the requirement, the periphery of the hollow glass is subjected to reinforced sealing by using a sealing tape and/or a sealing adhesive tape, so that the sealing performance, the mechanical strength and the service life of the hollow glass are further improved.
The single-cavity hollow glass is obtained by the manufacturing method, and the double-cavity hollow glass and the multi-cavity hollow glass can be obtained by repeating the first step to the eighth step.
Wherein:
the glass is made of common glass, ultra-white glass, toughened glass, semi-toughened glass, Low-e glass, ground glass, colored glass, coated glass, patterned glass, colored glaze glass, color-changing glass, heat-resistant glass, wired glass, laminated glass, coated glass, fireproof glass or vacuum glass and the like, and can also be made of photovoltaic glass, such as transparent cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass or opaque crystalline silicon photovoltaic glass, thin-film photovoltaic glass and the like;
when the hollow glass is formed by the glass, one, two or three of the above varieties are adopted;
the glass is plane glass or cambered surface glass.
The spacing bars can adopt the existing warm edge spacing bars, aluminum spacing bars or stainless steel spacing bars and the like, and the warm edge spacing bars are preferably selected, so that the heat insulation and heat preservation of the hollow glass are facilitated, and the dewing of the edge part is prevented;
the spacing bars can also adopt bridge-cut spacing bars, hinge type spacing bars or telescopic spacing bars.
The spacing strips are single spacing strips or composite spacing strips, the composite spacing strips are formed by connecting two or more spacing strips together through glue, a connecting piece or a buckle structure, and the connection is spaced point connection or continuous line connection.
The bonding seal between the spacing strips and the glass can be point bonding or linear bonding; the point bonding has better heat insulation performance, and the line bonding has higher sealing performance and mechanical strength.
The molecular sieve can be poured after the glass is combined, or can be poured before the glass is combined.
The hollow layer can be internally provided with a separating strip or a separating net which can play the roles of separating, supporting, decorating and the like.
The hollow layer is provided with a single cavity, two cavities and multiple cavities, the thickness of one cavity in the hollow layer is 3-30 mm, preferably 6-15mm, so that the hollow layer has good heat insulation performance while the thickness of the hollow glass is reduced as much as possible;
the thicknesses of the cavities of the hollow layers of the double-cavity or multi-cavity hollow glass are equal or unequal, preferably unequal, and if the thicknesses of the cavities of the hollow layers are sequentially increased from the environment side, the thicknesses of the cavities of the hollow layers can be taken according to an equal difference or equal ratio array, so that the breathing phenomenon of the hollow glass can be effectively improved, and the heat insulation and sound insulation performance is improved;
the hollow layer can be filled with gas to replace air, such as inert gas argon or greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, and the like, so as to improve the heat preservation, heat insulation performance and oxidation resistance, prevent the film from being oxidized, and the like;
the hollow layer can be provided with devices such as light, images and the like.
The sealant is preferably a sealant with good air tightness, such as butyl adhesive, hot melt adhesive, UV adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive, AB adhesive, instant adhesive, silicone adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polysulfide adhesive, acrylic adhesive, anaerobic adhesive, neoprene adhesive, PVC adhesive, asphalt adhesive, phenolic resin adhesive or epoxy resin adhesive and the like.
The structural adhesive is preferably a structural adhesive which has short curing time and fast mechanical performance, such as a hot melt adhesive, a UV adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, an AB adhesive, an instant adhesive, a silicone adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, a polysulfide adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, a thermosetting phenolic resin adhesive or an epoxy resin adhesive.
The diaphragm and the suspension film are plastic films, such as pvc, pe, ps, pp, pc, pet or pof films and the like, and pc and pet films with high light transmittance and low haze are preferred;
the diaphragm and the suspension film can be common films or functional films, such as hot mirror films, color printing films, luminescent films, color changing films, infrared ray blocking films, ultraviolet ray blocking films, water vapor blocking films and the like.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the spacer bar is adopted to replace the spacer frame to be directly bonded on the glass, so that the process of manufacturing the spacer frame is omitted, the automatic placement of the spacer bar can be realized by simple equipment such as a mechanical arm, the mechanical and automatic production is facilitated, the placement rate is high, the installation precision is high, and the straightness of the spacer bar can be ensured no matter how large the glass is; the spacer bars are used for replacing the spacer frames, and the two ends of the spacer bars can be coated with sealant and then spliced, so that the full sealing of the sealant to the hollow cavity can be realized, and the sealing effect is improved; the spacing bars are used for replacing the spacing frames, gaps can be reserved at the joints of the adjacent spacing bars, and the spacing bars with the thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of the glass, such as metal spacing bars, can be weakened or prevented from being expanded and deformed in summer due to sunlight irradiation and temperature rise to cause damage to a sealing adhesive layer and reduction of the service life of the hollow glass; the spacer bars are used for replacing the spacer frames, gaps can be reserved at joints of the adjacent spacer bars, and the molecular sieves in the spacer bars can adsorb water vapor in the hollow layer through the gaps, so that the process of forming air holes in the spacer bars is omitted, the production process of the hollow glass is further simplified, and the production efficiency is improved;
the edge of the hollow glass is bonded, fixed and sealed by adopting various different combinations of the sealant, the structural adhesive, the sealing tape and the sealing adhesive tape, the synergistic effect among a plurality of materials is fully exerted, the sealing performance, the mechanical strength and the time requirement of flow line production are considered, the edge of the hollow glass is sealed, and the hollow glass has high sealing strength, better sealing performance and faster production efficiency, can be used after being taken off the production line, and saves the curing time of the structural adhesive for 24-48 hours of the traditional hollow glass; especially, after the edge sealing is carried out by adopting the sealing tape and/or the sealing adhesive tape, the sealing performance of the hollow layer is improved by more than hundreds of times (the water vapor permeability coefficient of the butyl sealant is 0.2 g/square meter day, the water vapor permeability coefficient of the aluminum-plastic composite film is lower than 0.001 g/square meter day, and the metal foil tape can not permeate water vapor and air), so that the service life of the hollow glass is greatly prolonged, and the sealing tape and the sealing adhesive tape can provide good clamping and protecting effects, even if uncured structural adhesive exists at the edge of the hollow glass, the hollow glass is not prevented from moving and carrying after being off the production line, the hollow glass can be used after being off the production line, and the storage time and the storage field of the hollow glass are greatly saved.
The invention adopts a new process of filling the molecular sieve on line, thereby not only avoiding the back-and-forth transportation of the spacer bar in a workshop and leading the production line to be more compact, but also avoiding the moisture in the environment adsorbed by the molecular sieve, greatly improving the service life of the molecular sieve and being extremely good in edge sealing, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the hollow glass.
The edge and the corner of the hollow glass are integrally wrapped and protected by the sealing tape and the sealing adhesive tape, so that the damage to the edge and the corner of the hollow glass and the generation of microcracks are prevented in the carrying process of the hollow glass; the sealing tape and the sealing adhesive tape are made of flexible or elastic materials, and can provide a buffer space for the deformation and expansion of the hollow glass in the installation and use processes of the hollow glass, so that the generation of stress is prevented; therefore, the hollow glass is prevented from being broken and self-exploded in the processes of carrying, mounting and using, and the service life of the hollow glass is greatly prolonged.
The service life of the existing hollow glass in the national standard is only 15 years, the service life of the aluminum foil waterproof adhesive tape under the outdoor condition reaches more than 30 years, and the edge of the hollow glass is protected by a window frame, so that the service life of the hollow glass edge-sealed by the aluminum foil waterproof adhesive tape is at least more than 30 years and even the same as that of a building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of another aerogel hollow glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the spacer bars of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of another arrangement of the spacer bars of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of another arrangement of the spacer bars according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. glass, 2, spacer bar, 3, seal one, 4, seal two, 5, seal three, 6, seal four, 7, aerogel, 8, and partition.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1 and 10, an aerogel hollow glass comprising a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a second seal 4, a third seal 5, an aerogel 7 and a partition 8 is cut into two pieces of glass 1 of the same size according to the size of the hollow glass to be manufactured, and then edge grinding and cleaning are performed; when the toughened glass is needed, the glass is fed into a toughening furnace for toughening treatment; the length of each spacer bar 2 is determined according to the size and shape of the glass 1 and the gluing thickness of the structural glue used for sealing the second 4 by adopting the spacer bars and the optimized warm edge bars of the existing hollow glass according to the placing mode of a figure 10, the rectangular hollow glass adopts 4 spacer bars 2, and the number of the spacer bars 2 is determined according to the shape and the size of the glass by adopting the special-shaped hollow glass; in fig. 10, two ends of 4 spacer bars 2 are respectively cut into 45 degrees to be assembled into a spacer frame, a glue dispensing manner is adopted to coat a sealing material 3 such as sealant (such as butyl glue or hot melt glue) or structural glue (such as instant glue or pressure sensitive glue) or a double-sided adhesive tape and the like on the bonding part of the glass 1 or the spacer bar 2, and then special equipment such as a mechanical arm is used to directly fix the 4 spacer bars 2 on the glass 1 respectively and assemble into the spacer frame; the splicing positions of the 4 corners of the spacing frame can be directly butted together by two adjacent spacing bars 2, or can be butted after being coated with sealant so as to be convenient for carrying out full sealing on a hollow layer, a certain gap can be reserved, the size of the gap is smaller than the diameter of the molecular sieve so as to prevent the molecular sieve from flowing out, the advantage of reserving the gap is that the spacing bars 2 can be conveniently placed, a space is reserved for the expansion of the spacing bars 2, the molecular sieve is favorable for absorbing water vapor in the hollow layer, and the process of punching air holes on the spacing bars is omitted; the aerogel board 7 is adopted, the transparency of the aerogel board 7 is higher, the aerogel board 7 is placed in the hollow layer, the height of the aerogel board 7 is slightly higher than that of the hollow layer, a whole block of aerogel 7 can be arranged in the hollow layer, or the aerogel board can be formed by assembling a plurality of blocks, a partition 8 such as a partition bar can be added in the middle of the assembly of the plurality of blocks, and the height of the partition bar is slightly lower than that of the hollow layer; coating a sealing material 3 such as sealant or structural adhesive or double-sided adhesive tape on the other glass 1 or the other surface of the spacing strip 2, combining the two glasses 1 together, aligning the peripheries of the two glasses, firmly bonding the two glasses by plate pressing or rolling, and keeping the two glasses 1 parallel; therefore, a layer of spacing strip 2 and a piece of glass 1 can be adhered to any surface of the two pieces of glass to form the hollow glass with three glass layers and two cavities; two or three pieces of glass are in a vertical or inclined state after being laminated, for example, on a vertical production line of hollow glass, a molecular sieve filling machine is used for punching holes at two corners or one corner of the spacing bar 2 at the upper part to fill the molecular sieve into the vertical spacing bar; after the molecular sieve is filled, a glue dispenser is immediately used for fully coating and sealing two 4 parts such as silicone structural glue or polysulfide glue or hot melt glue or butyl glue and the like in a space formed by the two pieces of glass 1 and the outer sides of the spacing bars 2, so that the molecular sieve is prevented from adsorbing water vapor in the environment; and finally, winding a sealing tape III 5 (such as a sealing tape (a stainless steel tape, an aluminum foil tape or an aluminum-plastic composite film tape and the like) or a sealing adhesive tape (an aluminum foil composite adhesive tape, a butyl adhesive waterproof adhesive tape and the like) on the periphery of the glass 1 and the outside of the sealing tape II 4, and using the hollow glass after inserting the hollow glass, so that the storage time and the storage field of the hollow glass are greatly saved.
Example 2: referring to fig. 2 and 11, an aerogel hollow glass includes a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a second seal 4, a fourth seal 6, and an aerogel 7, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the spacer 2 is placed in the manner shown in fig. 11, and upper end openings of the spacer 2, which is vertically placed on the left and right sides, are exposed (the exposed size can be adjusted by the size of a cut angle), so that the filling of a molecular sieve is facilitated, the process of punching holes on the spacer 2 is omitted, and the equipment investment and the processing time are saved; the difference is that the shape of the aerogel 7 is granular, the aerogel particles 7 are filled into the hollow layer in a vacuum filling mode after glass is laminated, and although the light transmittance of the granular aerogel is slightly lower than that of an aerogel plate, the granular aerogel is convenient to fill and is convenient for automatic production; the difference is that the first sealing 3 adopts a continuous bonding mode, the third sealing 5 is replaced by the fourth sealing 6, the fourth sealing 6 is a sealing adhesive tape (an aluminum foil composite adhesive tape, a butyl rubber waterproof adhesive tape and the like), and the fourth sealing 6 is a U-shaped sealing hollow glass periphery.
Example 3: referring to fig. 3 and 12, an aerogel hollow glass comprising glass 1, a spacer 2, a seal one 3, a seal two 4, a seal three 5, a seal four 6 and aerogel 7, is substantially the same as example 1 except that the spacer 2 is arranged in the manner shown in fig. 12, the spacer 2 is a flat cut, which can reduce the cutting amount by more than half compared with a 45-degree oblique cut, and generates no or little leftovers; in addition, the placement and positioning are simple, and the filling of the molecular sieve is convenient; the difference is that the shape of the aerogel adopts powder, the aerogel powder is filled into the hollow layer in a vacuum filling mode after the glass is laminated, although the light transmittance of the powder aerogel is slightly lower than that of the granular aerogel, the light scattering effect is good, the filling is convenient, and the automatic production is convenient; the difference is that the glass fixing device is provided with four seals of a first seal 3, a second seal 4, a third seal 5, a fourth seal 6 and aerogel 7, so that the sealing performance is better, and the fixing and protecting effects on the glass are stronger.
Example 4: referring to fig. 4, an aerogel hollow glass includes a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a fourth seal 6, and an aerogel 7, and is substantially the same as example 2 except that the second seal 4 is omitted, so that the edge of the hollow glass is narrower, the field of view is larger, and the edge heat-insulating property is better on the premise of ensuring the sealing property.
Example 5: referring to fig. 5, an aerogel hollow glass includes a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a third seal 5, a fourth seal 6, and an aerogel 7, and is substantially the same as embodiment 3, except that the second seal 4 is omitted, so that the edge of the hollow glass is narrower, the field of view is larger, and the edge heat-insulating property is better on the premise of ensuring the sealing property.
Example 6: referring to fig. 6, an aerogel hollow glass comprising a glass 1, a spacer 2, a sealant one 3, a sealant two 4, a sealant three 5 and an aerogel 7 is substantially the same as in example 1 except that the sealant three 5 is disposed inside the sealant two 4, so that the sealing performance is greatly improved and the service life is also improved as compared with the conventional hollow glass in appearance.
Example 7: referring to fig. 7, an aerogel hollow glass includes a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a second seal 4, a third seal 5, and an aerogel 7, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the third seal 5 is added inside the second seal 4, so that the sealing performance is further improved, and the service life is also correspondingly improved.
Example 8: referring to fig. 8, an aerogel hollow glass includes a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a second seal 4, a third seal 5, a fourth seal 6, and an aerogel 7, which is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that a third seal 5 is added inside the second seal 4, so that the sealing performance is further improved, and the service life is also correspondingly improved.
Example 9: referring to fig. 9, an aerogel hollow glass includes a glass 1, a spacer 2, a first seal 3, a second seal 4, a third seal 5, a fourth seal 6, and an aerogel 7, which is substantially the same as example 3, except that a third seal 5 is added inside the second seal 4, so that the sealing performance is further improved, and the service life is correspondingly prolonged.
Example 10: referring to examples 1 to 9, the aerogel hollow glass with three glasses and two cavities is basically the same as that in examples 1 to 9, except that the glass 1 has three pieces, the two spacing frames surrounded by the spacing bars 2 have two pieces, and the three pieces of glass 1 and the two spacing frames form two hollow cavities which are then sealed at the edges to form the hollow glass with three glasses and two cavities.
Example 11: referring to examples 1-9, a two-glass two-cavity aerogel diaphragm hollow glass is substantially the same as examples 1-9 except that a heat shrinkable plastic film and a spacer frame are added. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: firstly, bonding a glass 1 with a spacing bar 2 to form a spacing frame or bonding the spacing frame made of the spacing bar 2, bonding a plastic film on the spacing frame to form a hollow layer, and heating to tighten and flatten the plastic film by adopting a hot tightening process; then, the plastic film is bonded with another piece of glass 1 through another spacing frame to form another hollow layer; finally, the perfusion aerogel 7 becomes the diaphragm hollow glass with two glass cavities and two cavities after edge sealing.
Example 12: referring to examples 1 to 9, a two-glass three-cavity aerogel diaphragm hollow glass is substantially the same as examples 1 to 9 except that two heat-shrinkable plastic films and two spacer frames are added. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: firstly, two pieces of glass 1 are respectively bonded with a spacing bar 2 to form a spacing frame or a spacing frame made of the bonding spacing bar 2, two pieces of plastic films are respectively bonded on the spacing frame to respectively form a hollow layer, and the plastic films are heated to be tightened and leveled by adopting a hot tightening process; then, the two plastic films are bonded together through another spacing frame to form another hollow layer; finally, the perfusion aerogel 7 becomes the diaphragm hollow glass with two glasses and three cavities after edge sealing.
Example 13: referring to examples 1-9, a two-glass two-cavity aerogel suspension membrane insulating glass is substantially the same as examples 1-9 except that a plastic film and a spacer frame having a convex-concave structure are added. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: firstly, bonding a spacing bar 2 on glass 1 to form a spacing frame or bonding the spacing frame made of the spacing bar 2, and bonding a plastic film on the spacing frame to form a hollow layer; then, the plastic film is bonded with another piece of glass 1 through another spacing frame to form another hollow layer, a cold stretching process is adopted, the two pieces of glass 1 are laminated and bonded together by pressing or rolling, and simultaneously the plastic film is stretched and flattened by utilizing a convex-concave structure on the spacing frame in the pressurizing process; finally, the perfusion aerogel 7 becomes the two-glass two-cavity suspension membrane hollow glass after edge sealing.
Example 14: referring to examples 1 to 9, an aerogel suspended membrane hollow glass with two glass cavities and three cavities is basically the same as the aerogel suspended membrane hollow glass with examples 1 to 9, except that two plastic films and two spacing frames are additionally arranged, and convex-concave structures are arranged on the spacing frames. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: firstly, two pieces of glass 1 are respectively bonded with a spacing bar 2 to form a spacing frame or a spacing frame made of the bonding spacing bar 2, and two plastic films are respectively bonded on the spacing frame to respectively form a hollow layer; then, two plastic films are bonded together through another spacing frame to form another hollow layer, a cold stretching process is adopted, two pieces of glass 1 are laminated and bonded together by pressing or rolling, and simultaneously, the plastic films are stretched and flattened by utilizing a convex-concave structure on the spacing frame in the pressurizing process; finally, the perfusion aerogel 7 becomes the suspended membrane hollow glass with two glasses and three cavities after edge sealing.
Example 15: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel vacuum composite hollow glass was fabricated substantially the same as in examples 1 to 14, except that at least one of the glass 1 was vacuum glass, and the vacuum glass was preferably installed on the indoor side.
Example 16: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel fire prevention hollow glass, substantially the same as in examples 1 to 14, except that at least one of the glasses 1 is a fire prevention glass, and the fire prevention glass is preferably installed at an indoor side; the difference is that the spacing bar 2 is a metal spacing bar or a metal composite spacing bar, and the sealant and the structural adhesive are cross-linked and cured thermosetting adhesives, so that the spacer, the sealant and the structural adhesive are prevented from losing the supporting effect due to melting in the case of fire.
Example 17: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel photovoltaic hollow glass was substantially the same as in examples 1 to 14 except that one of the glass 1 was a photovoltaic glass and the photovoltaic glass was installed outside the room.
Example 18: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel coated hollow glass was substantially the same as examples 1 to 14 except that at least one of the glasses 1 was coated glass, and the coated glass was preferentially installed outside the room.
Example 19: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel laminated hollow glass was substantially the same as in examples 1 to 14 except that at least one of the glasses 1 was a laminated glass, and the laminated glass was preferably installed outside the room.
Example 20: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel negative pressure hollow glass is substantially the same as examples 1 to 14, except that the hollow layer of the hollow glass is in a negative pressure state by vacuum pumping, and the air pressure of the hollow layer is always smaller than the external pressure during the use of the hollow glass, so that the breathing phenomenon of the hollow glass can be effectively eliminated, the glass can be prevented from being deformed, the mirror effect can be always maintained, and the appearance of the hollow glass is more beautiful.
Example 21: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel sunshade hollow glass is substantially the same as examples 1 to 14 except that the hollow glass has two hollow layers, one hollow layer is aerogel, and the other hollow layer is provided with a roller blind, a blind window or a pleated window for sunshade, etc., and the roller blind, the blind window or the pleated window can be manually, electrically or automatically controlled, and can be controlled in a segmented manner or in an integral manner.
Example 22: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel hydrogel hollow glass is substantially the same as examples 1 to 14, except that the hollow glass has two hollow layers, one hollow layer is an aerogel, the other hollow layer is filled with a hydrogel, the sealant is a waterproof butyl rubber, polyurethane rubber or glass rubber, and the like, and the color, transparency or transmittance of the hydrogel can be changed by changing temperature, voltage, sunlight and the like, so that the hollow glass not only can control the amount of sunlight entering, but also has the functions of fire prevention, theft prevention, sound insulation, energy absorption and the like.
Example 23: referring to examples 1 to 14, an aerogel landscape hollow glass is substantially the same as examples 1 to 14, except that the hollow glass has two hollow layers, one hollow layer is an aerogel, the other hollow layer is filled with hydrosol or aqueous solution and the like, the sealant adopts waterproof butyl rubber, polyurethane rubber or glass cement and the like, the color, transparency or transmittance and the like of the hydrosol or aqueous solution can be changed through the change of temperature, voltage, sunlight and the like, organic fish, soft-shelled turtle, shrimp, crab, aquatic weeds and the like are in the hydrosol or aqueous solution, the machine fish and the like adopt a wireless charging mode, can be automatically charged, and can complete a series of set actions; the light show, the bubble generator and the like are arranged at the spacing bar; but a landscape, can control the entering amount of sunlight, and has the functions of fire prevention, theft prevention, sound insulation, energy absorption, energy storage, temperature regulation and the like.
Claims (10)
1. An aerogel hollow glass comprises glass, spacer bars, a molecular sieve, aerogel, bonding seal between the glass and the spacer bars and bonding seal at the periphery of the glass, and is characterized in that the glass is divided into two pieces, the length and the width of the glass are equal, the spacer bars are directly bonded at the periphery of a first glass bonding surface in a subsection mode and form a closed frame, or the spacer bars form a spacer frame and then are bonded at the periphery of the first glass bonding surface, a second glass is bonded on the other surface of the spacer bars and enables the peripheries of the two pieces of glass to be aligned, the glass and the spacer bars are bonded together through sealant or structural adhesive or double-sided adhesive tapes, and a closed hollow layer is formed between the two pieces of glass and the spacer bars; the hollow layer is filled with aerogel, and the aerogel is in the shape of one or the combination of two of plates, particles and powder; the aerogel board is placed in the hollow layer before glass lamination, and the aerogel particles and the powder are filled in the hollow layer in a vacuum filling mode after glass lamination; the spacing bars are cavity bars, and the molecular sieve is poured into the cavities of the spacing bars; and integrally sealing the two pieces of glass and the outer side edges of the spacing strips by one or more of sealing glue, structural glue, sealing tape and sealing adhesive tape.
2. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass is one or two of ordinary glass, super white glass, tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, Low-e glass, frosted glass, colored glass, coated glass, embossed glass, colored glaze glass, color-changing glass, heat-resistant glass, wired glass, laminated glass, coated glass, fire-resistant glass, composite glass, vacuum glass or photovoltaic glass.
3. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein the bonding between the spacer bars and the glass is full-bonding or point-bonding.
4. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is a single spacer or a composite spacer, and the composite spacer is formed by connecting two or more spacers together by glue, a connector or a snap structure, and the connection is a spaced point connection or a continuous line connection.
5. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein the sealing tape is a metal foil tape or a composite tape, and the sealing tape is a metal foil tape or a composite tape.
6. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein the width of the sealing tape or the sealing tape is equal to or greater than the thickness of the hollow layer of the hollow glass, the width of the sealing tape or the sealing tape is greater than the thickness of the hollow glass, and the sealing tape wraps the side surface of the hollow glass, is adhered to the edge portions of the two surfaces of the hollow glass, is in a U shape, and can cover the spacer.
7. The aerogel hollow glass of claim 1, wherein the molecular sieve is impregnated after spacer installation, before glass lamination, or after glass lamination.
8. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein there are separation strips or separation nets within the hollow layer.
9. The aerogel hollow glass according to claim 1, wherein the hollow layer is evacuated to a negative pressure, and the air pressure of the hollow layer is 0.7 to 0.8 atm.
10. The method for manufacturing the aerogel hollow glass based on the claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, glass manufacturing: cutting two pieces of glass with the same size according to the external dimension of the manufactured hollow glass, edging, cleaning and drying, and carrying out toughening treatment if the glass needs to be toughened;
step two, cutting the spacing bars or manufacturing spacing frames: selecting a spacer bar with proper material and size, and cutting the spacer bar into spacer bars with corresponding length or manufacturing spacer frames with corresponding size according to the size of glass;
step three, fixing the spacing bars or the spacing frames: coating sealant or structural adhesive or adhering double-sided adhesive tape on the bonding surface of the spacing strip or the glass to bond the spacing strip on the glass and form a closed frame; or coating sealant or structural adhesive or adhering double-sided adhesive tape on the bonding surface of the spacing frame or the glass to bond the spacing frame on the glass;
step four, placing the aerogel board: when the plate-shaped aerogel is adopted, the aerogel is placed on the glass surface in the spacing frame;
fifthly, mounting a second piece of glass: coating sealant or structural adhesive or adhering a double-sided adhesive tape on the bonding surface of the spacing bar or the spacing frame or the second piece of glass, and bonding the second piece of glass on the spacing bar or the spacing frame;
sixth step, plate pressing or rolling: pressing or rolling the two pieces of glass after the sheet combination to ensure that the two pieces of glass are firmly bonded and are kept parallel;
seventh step, filling aerogel: when the aerogel particles and the powder are adopted, the hollow layer is filled with the aerogel particles and the powder by punching the spacing bars in a vacuum filling mode;
eighth step, filling a molecular sieve: pouring the molecular sieve into the cavity of the spacing bar through punching holes on the side surface of the spacing bar or reserved opening holes of the spacing bar;
ninth, edge sealing: integrally sealing the peripheral side surfaces of the two pieces of glass and the spacing bars by using structural glue or sealant or sealing tape or sealing adhesive tape;
tenth step, strengthening sealing: and according to the requirement, the periphery of the hollow glass is subjected to reinforced sealing by using a sealing tape and/or a sealing adhesive tape, so that the sealing performance, the mechanical strength and the service life of the hollow glass are further improved.
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| CN202011313075.7A CN114517629A (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Aerogel hollow glass and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024131995A3 (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2024-08-15 | 吴淑环 | Glass deep processing technology and mounting technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024131995A3 (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2024-08-15 | 吴淑环 | Glass deep processing technology and mounting technology |
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Application publication date: 20220520 |