CN114517316A - Alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114517316A CN114517316A CN202210324466.1A CN202210324466A CN114517316A CN 114517316 A CN114517316 A CN 114517316A CN 202210324466 A CN202210324466 A CN 202210324466A CN 114517316 A CN114517316 A CN 114517316A
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- cyanide
- bright
- dimethylhydantoin
- plating solution
- silver plating
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- YIROYDNZEPTFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)NC(=O)NC1=O YIROYDNZEPTFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- JUVIUXJUMJEDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxy-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(O)C(=O)N(O)C1=O JUVIUXJUMJEDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 nicotinic acid Potassium carbonate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MITDXNUXOAYFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-ynylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC#C)C=NC2=C1 MITDXNUXOAYFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTSJMKGXGJFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 GDTSJMKGXGJFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUEOQEUSJMFYHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN1C=C(N)C=C1C(O)=O MUEOQEUSJMFYHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004835 Na2B4O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHPBNQZEXDUUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NHPBNQZEXDUUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHSCRWJPZDNMBU-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium carbonic acid carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NHSCRWJPZDNMBU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYSBZLVHMPNJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 OYSBZLVHMPNJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- VKHQYTLHHOQKSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfosulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NS(O)(=O)=O VKHQYTLHHOQKSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/46—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of silver
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution and a preparation method thereof. The solution composition and conditions were as follows: 25-30g/L of silver nitrate, 55-75g/L of dimethyl hydantoin, 30-45g/L of nicotinic acid, 50-75g/L of potassium carbonate, 10-20g/L of sodium tetraborate, 0.1-0.4 g/L of bipyridyl and bipyridyl derivatives and pH of 9-10. Dissolving dimethyl hydantoin and nicotinic acid in water according to the volume concentration, neutralizing the solution by using 30-40% of industrial pure potassium hydroxide until the pH value is more than 8.5, and then sequentially adding other components according to the volume concentration to form the alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution. The chemical raw materials of the invention have low cost, wide sources, good combination of plating layers, stable solution performance, simple waste liquid treatment and long-term storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silver plating solution, in particular to an alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cyanide silver plating electrolyte uses potassium cyanide as a complexing agent of silver ions and CN in the electrolyte－The cyanide silver plating electrolyte forms a stable complex with monovalent silver ions for electrodeposition, has simple plating solution components, convenient maintenance and good plating layer bonding force, and is difficult to generate silver replacement, so the cyanide silver plating electrolyte is widely applied to electroplating silver on the surfaces of copper and copper alloys, nickel and nickel alloys in China. However, cyanide silver plating electrolyte can release highly toxic cyanide in a high-temperature working environment, has great threat to the life safety of human bodies and serious damage to the ecological environment, influences the safety, stability and harmonious development of the society, and eliminates 'cyanide-containing electroplating' in a definite period of regulation by the national clean production promotion law. At present, cyanide-free electrosilvering processes such as E-Brite50, ArgaluxNC and HELFOFABT introduced abroad are actively explored and researched at home and abroadMAG340, Chongqing Liaodo LD7805, Guangzhou institute of Electrical and science SL-80, department of electronic industry and university of southwest imino disulfonic acid (NS) silver plating process, but through laboratoryThe large, medium and small tank tests show that the process range is narrow, the stability is poor, the maintenance is difficult, and many formulations and compositions are not disclosed, and the research and development of the alkaline cyanide-free bright silver plating solution are developed aiming at the condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution and a preparation method thereof, wherein a dimethyl hydantoin compound replaces cyanide to be used as a complexing agent for silver plating, the complexing agent and monovalent silver ions form high-stability chelate ions, the polarization resistance and the polarization degree during silver ion electrodeposition are improved, electrodeposited metal grains are refined, silver ions are prevented from being replaced on the surface of a cathode, and the electrode surface is activated, so that good bonding force of a plating layer can be provided. The preparation method is simple, and the obtained solution has the characteristics of stable service performance, simple solution components, convenient maintenance, simple waste liquid treatment, good plating layer combination and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution comprises the following components and conditions:
a. 25-30g/L silver nitrate
b. 55-75g/L dimethyl hydantoin
c. 30-45g/L of nicotinic acid
d. 50-75g/L potassium carbonate
e. 10-20g/L sodium tetraborate
f. Bipyridine and bipyridine derivatives 0.1-0.4 g/L
g、pH 9～10。
Further, the dimethyl hydantoin is one or two of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin and 5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin.
Further, the composition and conditions were as follows:
silver nitrate 25-30g/L
55 g/L of 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
0-20g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
30-35 g/L of nicotinic acid
Potassium carbonate 50 g/L
10-15 g/L sodium tetraborate
2, 2-bipyridine 0.1 g/L
pH 9～10。
Further, the composition and conditions were as follows:
silver nitrate 25-30g/L
60-75 g/L of 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
0-10 g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
35-45 g/L of nicotinic acid
Potassium carbonate 75g/L
15-20 g/L sodium tetraborate
0.1-0.2 g/L of 2, 2-bipyridine
pH 9.5。
Further, the composition and conditions were as follows:
silver nitrate 25-30g/L
5, 5-dimethylhydantoin 75g/L
15-20 g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
35-40 g/L of nicotinic acid
65-75 g/L potassium carbonate
Sodium tetraborate 15 g/L
0.2-0.4 g/L of 2, 2-bipyridine
pH 9～9.5。
Further, the composition and conditions were as follows:
silver nitrate 30g/L
5, 5-dimethylhydantoin 60 g/L
0-20g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
40-45 g/L of nicotinic acid
50-65 g/L potassium carbonate
12-18 g/L sodium tetraborate
2, 2-bipyridine 0.3 g/L
pH 9.5～10。
Further, the composition and conditions were as follows:
silver nitrate 30g/L
60-75 g/L of 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
0-20g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
30-40 g/L of nicotinic acid
50-60 g/L potassium carbonate
10-18 g/L sodium tetraborate
2, 2-bipyridine 0.15 g/L
pH 10。
Furthermore, raw materials of the components are all electroplating grades or above.
The preparation method of the alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution comprises the following steps: dissolving dimethyl hydantoin and nicotinic acid in water according to the volume concentration, neutralizing the solution by using 30-40% of industrial pure potassium hydroxide until the pH value is more than 8.5, and sequentially adding other components according to the volume concentration to obtain the alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The product composition is as follows formula 1
| Chemical name | English | Molecular formula | Concentration (g)/L） |
| Silver nitrate | Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | 25～30 |
| 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMH (abbreviation) | C6H8N2O2 | 55 |
| 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMDMDMH (abbreviation) | C7H12N2O4 | 0～20 |
| Nicotinic acid | Nicotinic acid | C6H5NO2 | 30～35 |
| Potassium carbonate | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | 50 |
| Sodium tetraborate | Sodum tetraborate | Na2B4O7•mH2O | 10～15 |
| 2, 2-bipyridine | 2，2-Dipyridyl | C10H8N2 | 0.1～0.4 |
Example 2
The product composition is as follows formula 2
| Chemical name | English name | Molecular formula | Concentration (g/L) |
| Silver nitrate | Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | 25～30 |
| 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMH (abbreviation) | C6H8N2O2 | 60～75 |
| 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMDMDMH (abbreviation) | C7H12N2O4 | 0～10 |
| Nicotinic acid | Nicotinic acid | C6H5NO2 | 35～45 |
| Potassium carbonate | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | 60～75 |
| Sodium tetraborate | Sodum tetraborate | Na2B4O7•mH2O | 15～20 |
| 2, 2-bipyridine | 2，2-Dipyridyl | C10H8N2 | 0.1～0.2 |
Example 3
The product composition is as follows formula 3
| Chemical name | English name | Molecular formula | Concentration (g/L) |
| Silver nitrate | Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | 25～30 |
| 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMH (abbreviation) | C6H8N2O2 | 75 |
| 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMDMDMH (abbreviation) | C7H12N2O4 | 0～15 |
| Nicotinic acid | Nicotinic acid | C6H5NO2 | 30～40 |
| Potassium carbonate | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | 50～65 |
| Sodium tetraborate | Sodum tetraborate | Na2B4O7•mH2O | 15～20 |
| 2, 2-bipyridine | 2，2-Dipyridyl | C10H8N2 | 0.2～0.4 |
Example 4
The product composition is as follows formula 4
| Chemical name | English name | Molecular formula | Concentration (g/L) |
| Silver nitrate | Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | 30 |
| 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMH (abbreviation) | C6H8N2O2 | 60 |
| 1，3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin | DMDMDMH (abbreviation) | C7H12N2O4 | 0～10 |
| Nicotinic acid | Nicotinic acid | C6H5NO2 | 45 |
| Potassium carbonate | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | 50～65 |
| Sodium tetraborate | Sodum tetraborate | Na2B4O7•mH2O | 12～18 |
| 2, 2-bipyridine | 2，2-Dipyridyl | C10H8N2 | 0.3 |
The dimethyl hydantoin compound and the nicotinic acid are both weakly acidic, and when the alkaline bright or semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution is used, the dimethyl hydantoin compound and the nicotinic acid are dissolved by water firstly, then are neutralized to the pH value of 8.5 by using industrial pure potassium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 30-40%, and then other components are added in sequence according to the volume concentration, so that the alkaline bright or semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution is formed.
Claims (9)
1. An alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
a. silver nitrate 25-30g/L
b. 55-75g/L dimethyl hydantoin
c. 30-45g/L of nicotinic acid
d. 50-75g/L potassium carbonate
e. 10-20g/L sodium tetraborate
f. Bipyridine and bipyridine derivatives 0.1-0.4 g/L
g、pH 9～10。
2. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to claim 1, wherein the dimethylhydantoin is one or both of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin and 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin.
3. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to claim 2,
silver nitrate 25-30g/L
55 g/L of 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
0-20 g/L1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
30-35 g/L of nicotinic acid
Potassium carbonate 50 g/L
10-15 g/L sodium tetraborate
2, 2-bipyridine 0.1 g/L
pH 9～10。
4. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to claim 2,
25-30g/L silver nitrate
60-75 g/L of 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
0-10 g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
35-45 g/L of nicotinic acid
Potassium carbonate 75g/L
15-20 g/L sodium tetraborate
0.1-0.2 g/L of 2, 2-bipyridine
pH 9.5。
5. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to claim 2,
silver nitrate 25-30g/L
5, 5-dimethylhydantoin 75g/L
15-20 g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
35-40 g/L of nicotinic acid
65-75 g/L potassium carbonate
Sodium tetraborate 15 g/L
0.2-0.4 g/L of 2, 2-bipyridine
pH 9～9.5。
6. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to claim 2,
silver nitrate 30g/L
5, 5-dimethylhydantoin 60 g/L
0-20g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
40-45 g/L of nicotinic acid
50-65 g/L potassium carbonate
12-18 g/L sodium tetraborate
2, 2-bipyridine 0.3 g/L
pH 9.5～10。
7. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to claim 2,
silver nitrate 30g/L
60-75 g/L of 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
0-20g/L of 1, 3-dihydroxy-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
30-40 g/L of nicotinic acid
50-60 g/L potassium carbonate
10-18 g/L sodium tetraborate
2, 2-bipyridine 0.15 g/L
pH 10。
8. The alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the raw materials of the composition are all of electroplating grade or more.
9. The process for the preparation of an alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprising: dissolving dimethyl hydantoin and nicotinic acid in water according to the volume concentration, neutralizing the solution by using 30-40% of industrial pure potassium hydroxide until the pH value is more than 8.5, and sequentially adding other components according to the volume concentration to obtain the alkaline semi-bright cyanide-free silver plating solution.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103397355A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cyanide-free electrosilvering solution applicable to high-speed electroplating and electroplating process |
| CN107227470A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-03 | 贵州大学 | A kind of non-cyanide silver electroplating solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN110016700A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-16 | 嘉兴学院 | A kind of silver-plated active substrate of Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-03-30 CN CN202210324466.1A patent/CN114517316A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103397355A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cyanide-free electrosilvering solution applicable to high-speed electroplating and electroplating process |
| CN107227470A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-03 | 贵州大学 | A kind of non-cyanide silver electroplating solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN110016700A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-16 | 嘉兴学院 | A kind of silver-plated active substrate of Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 肖文涛 等: "2 ，2 - 联吡啶光亮剂对 5 ，5 - 二甲基乙内酰脲无氰镀银性能的影响", 《材料保护》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220520 |