CN114515817A - Method for casting large plum blossom hole frame - Google Patents
Method for casting large plum blossom hole frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN114515817A CN114515817A CN202210107314.6A CN202210107314A CN114515817A CN 114515817 A CN114515817 A CN 114515817A CN 202210107314 A CN202210107314 A CN 202210107314A CN 114515817 A CN114515817 A CN 114515817A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/088—Feeder heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
- B22C9/108—Installation of cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a large-scale plum blossom hole rack casting method, which adopts a rolling heat node method to determine riser patching, determines the size and casting height of a single riser according to the maximum heat node at the riser patching position, makes a plum blossom hole shape below the riser patching in an inner cavity sand core, and adds refined crystal grain elements to obtain finer casting crystal grain tissues; after the casting method of riser concentrated feeding is adopted, a casting has a good temperature gradient condition of sequential solidification, and meanwhile, the generation of hot cracks in the solidification process due to large solidification stress caused by large wall thickness difference is avoided; the casting process scheme of the invention can meet the requirements of ultrasonic flaw detection of thick and large steel castings, and has the advantages of good surface quality, no cracks, looseness, pores, slag inclusion and other casting defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of casting technology application, and relates to a method for casting a large plum blossom hole frame.
Background
The twenty-high roll mill is a reversible mill for producing hard-to-deform metals such as stainless steel, alloy steel, silicon steel and the like and thin strips, and has the characteristics of small diameter of a working roll, large rigidity of a roll system, large rolling pass reduction, high surface quality of the strips, small rolling force, low operation cost, small deformation of the roll system and the like. The quincuncial frame is a core part of a stainless steel twenty-high roll mill, supporting rollers are respectively arranged in 8 central quincuncial holes, and the requirements on the periphery of the quincuncial holes are high. The side surface vertical to the plum blossom through hole is provided with a quadrangular pyramid window for passing through the strip. The rolling pressure transmitted to each supporting roller device is dispersed, and the rolling pressure is absorbed by the whole rack at the position of the eight plum blossom-shaped through holes. The position and the side surface of the plum blossom-shaped hole are provided with the quadrangular pyramid-shaped window which passes through the strip, the flaw detection requirement is strict, a bicrystal probe is required for flaw detection, and the quality of the flaw detection directly influences the normal operation of the rolling mill.
According to the structure of the quincunx-hole rack casting, a process scheme of a plurality of scattered risers is generally adopted, namely, risers are respectively arranged on thick parts, and the mode is most used in the casting with the thick structure. However, the overall size of the plum blossom hole frame is large, the wall thickness difference between the thick part and the thin wall part can reach 800-plus 1000mm, the scheme of the plurality of scattered risers is adopted, the local thickness is large, the size of the riser is large in order to meet the feeding requirement, but the quantity of the risers is limited due to the limitation of the overall size of the casting, each thick part of the casting cannot be considered, the riser cannot fully exert the feeding effect, the solidification simulation effect shows that the casting is easy to have internal quality defects, meanwhile, the wall thickness difference of the casting is large, and the riser setting scheme is easy to have crack defects caused by solidification stress.
The flaw detection requirements of the quadrangular pyramid-shaped window (window through which a strip passes) at the position and the side surface of the plum blossom-shaped hole are strict, a bicrystal probe is required for flaw detection, the technical scheme is difficult to meet the requirements of bicrystal nondestructive flaw detection, and once flaw detection defects occur, the casting scrapping risk is high, so that the casting process method for the plum blossom-shaped hole rack with the special structure is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for casting a large-scale plum blossom-shaped hole rack, which effectively controls the sequential solidification process of a casting, and ensures that the requirements of nondestructive inspection are met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a casting method of a large plum blossom hole frame comprises the following steps:
s1: when casting a steel casting structure with large scattered thickness, large cross section and large wall thickness difference, adopting a process scheme of single large riser centralized feeding;
s11: the center of the quincunx hole is taken as the center, the quincunx hole is locally cast to be used as a patch and feeding channel, a large riser is arranged at the center of the casting, the wall thickness of each part is uniform on the basis of meeting the requirements of each thick and large section part, and the casting is sequentially solidified from the casting to the riser;
s2: calculating a hot junction and designing riser patching, determining a maximum hot junction and arranging a single riser;
s21: beginning from the thickest part of the casting body, adopting a rolling heat pitch circle method to arrange the patches and draw circles from bottom to top, wherein the circle centers of D1, D2 and D3 … DN are respectively on the circumferences of D, D1 and D2 … DN-1 and are tangent with the inner wall of the casting;
s22: the marking line is tangent to the thermal-junction circles D1, D2 and D3 … DN to obtain a casting riser patching dimension line, and the casting riser patching dimension line rotates the solid by taking the central line of the quincuncial hole as the center and then patches the riser of the casting;
s23: drawing a circle tangent to the riser patch and the casting body to make the maximum thermal pitch circle D of the castingThe size of the product is large,an independent riser is arranged above the riser patch;
s3: the plum blossom hole shape below the riser patch is made in the inner cavity sand core;
s4: setting sand hanging chilling blocks on the bottom surface and the side surface;
s5: adding refined crystal grain elements during molten steel smelting to obtain finer casting crystal grain structure.
Further, the thermal node is the diameter of thermal node circle D1, D2, D3 … DN, wherein the diameter of thermal node circle D1, D2, D3 … DN satisfies the following condition: d1= (1.05-1.1) D, D2= (1.05-1.1) D1, D3= (1.05-1.1) D2 … DN = (1.05-1.1) DN-1.
Further, the diameter of the riser in the step S2 is the maximum thermal pitch circle DBig (a)The diameter of the riser is 1.6-2.0 times, and the casting height of the riser is 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the riser.
Further, in the step S4, the thickness of the bottom surface sand-coated cold iron is set to be 0.75-1.2 times of that of the hot spot; the side sets up the notch cuttype chill, and the thickness of notch cuttype chill lower floor sets up according to 0.6 ~ 1.0 times of hot festival, and notch cuttype chill upper strata sets up according to 0.5 ~ 0.8 times of hot festival.
Further, the refined grain element in step S5 is 0.025% Nb, which promotes the formation of more nuclei.
Further, the method for casting the large plum blossom hole rack is characterized in that a sand box molding method is adopted to manufacture a cavity during casting, molten steel which is smelted is poured into the cavity after the cavity is molded, heat preservation is carried out according to the process heat preservation time, and sand removal, casting head cutting and blank positive tempering treatment of a casting are carried out after the heat preservation is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the center of the quincuncial hole is taken as the center, the local casting of the quincuncial hole is realized as a patch and feeding channel, a large riser is arranged at the center of the casting, the wall thickness of each part is uniform on the basis of meeting the requirements of each thick and large section part, and the sequential solidification of the casting from the casting to the riser is realized by matching the chilling action of a chilling iron at each part, so that the internal quality of the casting is ensured; the plum blossom hole shape below the riser patch is made in the cavity sand core, so that the machining allowance of the plum blossom hole is reduced, a compact area on the surface layer is kept and a casting is ensured, and the flaw detection requirement and the use requirement are met; adding refined crystal grain elements to obtain finer crystal grain structure of the casting; the shape of the quincunx hole is cast along with the shape, the machining allowance of each part of the quincunx hole is reduced, the fine grain structure on the surface layer is ensured not to be machined and removed, and the strict flaw detection requirement of the quincunx hole is met.
After the casting method of riser concentrated feeding is adopted, a casting has a good temperature gradient condition of sequential solidification, and meanwhile, the generation of hot cracks in the solidification process due to large solidification stress caused by large wall thickness difference is avoided; the casting process scheme of the invention can meet the requirements of ultrasonic flaw detection of thick and large steel castings, and has the advantages of good surface quality, no cracks, looseness, pores, slag inclusion and other casting defects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the shape of a quincunx hole rack of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a quincunx hole rack inspection requirement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the thermal budget calculation process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the maximum thermal budget calculation process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of the quincunx hole shape conformal casting of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial cast embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a casting in an embodiment of the invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1. and 2, feeder head patching dimension line, 2, feeder head patching, 3, thermal section, 4, casting body, 5, feeder head diameter, 6, thermal section circle, 7, feeder head, 8, chill, 9 and plum blossom hole.
Detailed Description
The following specific embodiments are given to further clearly, completely and specifically explain the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for casting a large plum blossom-shaped hole rack meets the requirements of integral flaw detection of castings and flaw detection of a double-crystal probe at a key part, and comprises the following steps of:
s1: when casting a steel casting structure with large scattered thickness, large cross section and large wall thickness difference, a single large riser 7 is adopted for centralized feeding;
s11: the center of the plum blossom hole 9 is taken as the center, the plum blossom hole 9 is locally cast and implemented as a patch and feeding channel, as shown in fig. 6, a large riser 7 is arranged at the center of the casting, the wall thickness of each part is uniform on the basis of meeting the requirements of each thick and large section part, the casting is sequentially solidified from the casting to the riser 7, the feeding requirement of each part of the casting is effectively met, and the requirements of flaw detection and use of the casting are favorably met;
s2: calculating a heat node 3 and designing a riser patching 2, determining a maximum heat node and setting a riser 7;
s3: the shape of the quincunx hole 9 below the riser patch 2 is made in the cavity sand core, so that the machining allowance of each part of the quincunx hole 9 is reduced, the fine and dense grain structure on the surface layer is ensured not to be machined and removed, and the strict flaw detection requirement at the position of the quincunx hole 9 is met, as shown in fig. 5;
s4: the sand-hanging chills 8 are arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface, so that the feeding distance of the riser 7 is increased, the solidification speed of the casting can be accelerated, the grain structure is refined, and the mechanical property of the casting is improved;
s5: during smelting molten steel, refined crystal grain elements are added to promote the formation of more nucleation, so that the purpose of refining crystal grains is achieved.
Furthermore, in the step S2, a thermal rolling pitch circle method is adopted to set the patches and determine the size of the risers 7 according to the maximum part in the cross-sectional view, circles are drawn from bottom to top, and the circle centers of circles D1, D2 and D3 … DN are respectively on the circumferences of D, D1 and D2 … DN-1 and are tangent to the inner wall of the casting;
and the marking line is tangent to D1, D2 and D3 … DN to obtain a casting riser patch size line 1, and the casting riser patch size line is a casting riser patch 2 after the solid is rotated by taking the center line of the quincuncial hole 9 as the center after the round corner transition.
Further, the thermal node is the diameter of thermal node circle D1, D2, D3 … DN, wherein the diameter of thermal node circle D1, D2, D3 … DN satisfies the following condition: d1= (1.05-1.1) D, D2= (1.05-1.1) D1, D3= (1.05-1.1) D2 … DN = (1.05-1.1) DN-1.
Further, after the design of the feeder head patch 2 is determined in the step S2, the circle is drawn to be tangent to the feeder head patch 2 and the casting body 4, and the maximum thermal pitch circle D of the casting is madeBig (a)And an independent riser 7 is arranged above the riser patch 2, and the diameter R of the riser is the maximum thermal pitch circle DBig (a)The diameter of the riser is 1.6-2.0 times, the casting height of the riser is 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the riser, and feeding requirements of thick and large steel castings are met.
Further, in order to achieve the second level of flaw detection, the thickness of the bottom sand-coated chilling block 8 in the step S4 is set to be 0.75-1.2 times of that of the hot spot 3; the side sets up notch cuttype chiller 8, and the thickness of lower floor's chiller 8 sets up according to 0.6 ~ 1.0 times of hot festival 3, and upper strata chiller 8 sets up according to 0.5 ~ 0.8 times of hot festival 3 to avoid appearing that the internal structure is loose, improve the inside quality of foundry goods.
Further, the refined grain element in the step S5 is 0.025 mass% Nb, which promotes more nucleation.
Further, the method for casting the large plum blossom hole rack is characterized in that a sand box molding method is adopted to manufacture a cavity during casting, molten steel which is smelted is poured into the cavity after the cavity is molded, heat preservation is carried out according to the process heat preservation time, and sand removal, casting head cutting and blank positive tempering treatment of a casting are carried out after the heat preservation is finished.
The quincunx rack casting used in this example had dimensions 2440m × 2575m × 2380m in profile, a maximum wall thickness of 1020mm and a minimum wall thickness of 240mm, as shown in fig. 1.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
1. the process design comprises the following steps:
a riser 7 is arranged by taking the center of the plum blossom hole 9 as the center, and the plum blossom hole 9 is locally cast to be used as a patch and feeding channel.
2. Hot spot 3 calculation and design of feeder head patch 2.
The diameter D =647mm, D1=710mm and D2=780mm of the thermal knuckle circle 6 at the thickest part of the casting body 4. The score line is tangent to the D1, D2 circles, making feeder patch dimension line 1 and transitioning in the center with an R200 circle, as shown in fig. 3.
3. Design of riser 7
Diameter D of maximum thermal pitch circle 6 tangent to riser patch 2 and casting body 4Big (a)=915mm, riser diameter 1800mm, and riser height 2200mm, as shown in fig. 4.
4. Arrangement of chill
The sand hanging chills 8 are arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface, the wall thickness of a cast at the chills 8 is 635mm, the chills with the thickness of 500mm are adopted on the bottom surface, the chills with the thickness of 450mm are adopted on the lower layer of the side surface, and the chills with the thickness of 350mm are adopted on the upper layer of the side surface, as shown in fig. 7.
5. Production verification
And a sand box molding method is adopted to manufacture the cavity during casting. Adopting a molding operation mode of middle mold splitting and 1/2 core pulling full samples; and after the molding of the cavity is finished, pouring the molten steel into the cavity, preserving heat according to the process heat preservation time, and after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out sand removal, dead head cutting and blank positive tempering treatment on the casting.
UT inspection is carried out after rough machining, the flaw detection requirements of drawings are met, critical area flaw detection in the range of 100mm near the quincunx holes, 9 and the lifting lugs meets the 2-grade requirement of the drawings JB/T5000.14-2007, and twin probe UT flaw detection around the quincunx holes 9 meets the requirement, as shown in figure 2.
By the adoption of the casting process scheme, the requirements of ultrasonic flaw detection of thick and large steel castings can be met through later-stage actual UT flaw detection, and the casting process scheme is good in surface quality and free of casting defects such as cracks, looseness, air holes and slag inclusion.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to make modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention; therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A casting method of a large plum blossom hole frame is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: when casting a steel casting structure with large scattered thickness, large cross section and large wall thickness difference, adopting a process scheme of single large riser centralized feeding;
s11: the center of the quincunx hole is taken as the center, the quincunx hole is locally cast to be used as a patch and feeding channel, a large riser is arranged at the center of the casting, the wall thickness of each part is uniform on the basis of meeting the requirements of each thick and large section part, and the casting is sequentially solidified from the casting to the riser;
s2: calculating a hot junction and designing riser patching, determining a maximum hot junction and arranging a single riser;
s21: beginning from the thickest part of the casting body, adopting a rolling heat pitch circle method to arrange the patches and draw circles from bottom to top, wherein the circle centers of D1, D2 and D3 … DN are respectively on the circumferences of D, D1 and D2 … DN-1 and are tangent with the inner wall of the casting;
s22: the marking line is tangent to the thermal-junction circles D1, D2 and D3 … DN to obtain a casting riser patching dimension line, and the casting riser patching dimension line rotates the solid by taking the central line of the quincuncial hole as the center and then patches the riser of the casting;
s23: drawing a circle to be tangent with the riser patch and the casting body to make the maximum thermal pitch circle D of the castingThe size of the product is large,an independent riser is arranged above the riser patch;
s3: the plum blossom hole shape below the riser patch is made in the inner cavity sand core;
s4: sand hanging chills are arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface;
s5: adding refined grain elements during smelting of molten steel to obtain finer casting grain structure.
2. The casting method of the large plum-blossom-shaped hole frame according to claim 1, wherein the thermal nodes are the diameters of thermal node circles D1, D2 and D3 … DN, and the diameters satisfy D1= (1.05-1.1) D, D2= (1.05-1.1) D1, D3= (1.05-1.1) D2 … DN = (1.05-1.1) DN-1.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the riser in step S2 is the maximum thermal pitch circle DBig (a)The diameter of the riser is 1.6-2.0 times, and the casting height of the riser is 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the riser.
4. The casting method of a large plum-blossom-shaped hole frame as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the sand-coated iron chill on the bottom surface in the step S4 is set to be 0.75 to 1.2 times of the thermal node.
5. The casting method of a large plum blossom hole frame as claimed in claim 4, wherein step S4 is provided with a step chiller on the side, the thickness of the lower layer of the step chiller is 0.6-1.0 times of the hot spot, and the thickness of the upper layer of the step chiller is 0.5-0.8 times of the hot spot.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refined grain element in step S5 is 0.025% Nb to promote more nucleation.
7. The method for casting the large plum blossom hole rack according to claim 1, wherein a molding cavity is manufactured by adopting a sand box molding method during casting, molten steel which is smelted is poured into the molding cavity after the molding of the molding cavity is completed and is subjected to heat preservation according to the process heat preservation time, and sand removal, sprue cutting and blank positive tempering treatment of a casting are performed after the heat preservation is completed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114985682A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-02 | 荃胜精密机械工业（中山）有限公司 | Method for improving shrinkage cavity of golf head casting |
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| CN103710639A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-09 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Steel for rolling stock coupler yoke |
| CN104646965A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-27 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Machining process of housing frame of twenty-high roll mill |
| CN106636920A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-10 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | High-hardenability and high-strength ultra-thick marine steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN106862500A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-20 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | A kind of casting method of steam turbine middle pressure valve shell |
| CN107130178A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-05 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength wheel steel of 500Mpa grades of automobile and its CSP technique productions methods |
| CN109175232A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽应流铸业有限公司 | A kind of thin-walled pressure-bearing casting lost wax casting technique |
| CN112872297A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-06-01 | 兰州高压阀门有限公司 | Stepped feeding casting process for large-scale profile section casting |
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| CN114985682A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-02 | 荃胜精密机械工业（中山）有限公司 | Method for improving shrinkage cavity of golf head casting |
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