CN114514150B - Locking device and steering column with locking device - Google Patents
Locking device and steering column with locking device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114514150B CN114514150B CN202080071269.2A CN202080071269A CN114514150B CN 114514150 B CN114514150 B CN 114514150B CN 202080071269 A CN202080071269 A CN 202080071269A CN 114514150 B CN114514150 B CN 114514150B
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- locking device
- catch
- electromagnetic actuator
- steering
- star
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/01—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens
- B60R25/02—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the steering mechanism
- B60R25/021—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the steering mechanism restraining movement of the steering column or steering wheel hub, e.g. restraining means controlled by ignition switch
- B60R25/0215—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the steering mechanism restraining movement of the steering column or steering wheel hub, e.g. restraining means controlled by ignition switch using electric means, e.g. electric motors or solenoids
- B60R25/02153—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the steering mechanism restraining movement of the steering column or steering wheel hub, e.g. restraining means controlled by ignition switch using electric means, e.g. electric motors or solenoids comprising a locking member radially and linearly moved towards the steering column
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/001—Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/001—Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup
- B62D5/005—Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup means for generating torque on steering wheel or input member, e.g. feedback
- B62D5/006—Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup means for generating torque on steering wheel or input member, e.g. feedback power actuated
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a locking device (1; 29) for a steering column (3) of a drive-by-wire steering system of a motor vehicle, comprising a steering shaft (2), comprising a catch star (8) having a plurality of projections (6) and recesses (7), wherein the catch star (8) can be coupled to the steering shaft (2) in a rotationally fixed manner, comprising a catch element (9; 30) which can be moved relative to the catch star (8), and an adjustment drive (10; 31) which is configured such that the catch element (9; 30) is switched between a blocking position, in which a rotation of the steering shaft (2) is blocked, and a release position, in which a rotation of the steering shaft (2) is released, wherein the adjustment drive (10; 31) comprises at least one first electromagnetic actuator (11; 34) and at least one second electromagnetic actuator (12; 35). The invention also relates to a steering column (3) for a motor vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a locking device for a steering column of a drive-by-wire steering system of a motor vehicle, comprising a steering shaft, the locking device comprising a catch star having a plurality of projections and recesses, wherein the catch star can be coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the steering shaft, the locking device comprising a catch element which can be moved relative to the catch star, and an adjustment drive, which is designed to switch the locking element between a blocking position, in which a rotation of the steering shaft is blocked, and a release position, in which a rotation of the steering shaft is released. The invention further relates to a steering column for a motor vehicle.
Background
A steering column for a motor vehicle has a steering shaft, to the end of which, facing the driver, is attached at the rear in the direction of travel, for the introduction of a steering command by the driver. The steering shaft is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis in the steering column. In contrast to conventional steering systems, steering systems of steer-by-wire systems have no mechanical steering force/torque transmission or mechanical coupling between the steering column and the steering gear and thus the wheels of the motor vehicle.
By mechanically decoupling the steering column from the steering gear and thus from the vehicle wheels, the driver does not obtain haptic feedback information at all, which may help to convey the driver's driving feel or impression of the current vehicle condition. In particular, the mechanical decoupling results in the driver being able to rotate the steering wheel without hindrance through an infinitely large steering angle, i.e. any number of steering wheel rotations can be performed. This does not correspond to the usual steering operation of the vehicle and may thus lead to confusion of the driver. Driver errors during steering operations, in particular during driving, can lead to safety-critical situations. Any form of confusion or distraction of the driver should be avoided.
In order to improve the driving safety, a locking device for a steering column of a steer-by-wire system, comprising a steering shaft, is used to provide a haptic feedback in the form of a significantly improved or insurmountable steering resistance to the driver of the motor vehicle in certain situations. This may occur, for example, when the steering gear or the wheels have reached a maximum steering angle. Even if one or both wheels of the motor vehicle, which are operatively connected to the steering gear, collide with obstacles, in particular ground stones, curbs or curbs, during the steering operation, the driver expects a haptic feedback. Common to both cases is that the wheel cannot be turned further in the direction of the turning movement. The desired haptic feedback may be such that the steering resistance has to be significantly increased, precisely when the wheels cannot continue to steer in the direction of the corresponding steering movement. This type of haptic feedback is also known as an analog stop.
In order to increase the steering resistance according to circumstances, the prior art discloses applying a corresponding torque to the steering shaft that acts counter to the direction of the steering movement. However, this requires a correspondingly powerful motor which must be correspondingly dimensioned and therefore requires a relatively large installation space and is costly.
A steering-by-wire device for a motor vehicle with a locking device is known from DE 10 2016 206 610 A1. The locking device has a gear-like locking star connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the steering shaft, a locking element which can be engaged with the locking star, and an adjustment drive which can move the locking element.
A disadvantage of this known steering wheel locking device is the relatively long switching time of the movement mechanism. The term "switching time" is understood to mean the length of time required to transition from one state to another. In conjunction with the locking means, this means the length of time for which the catch element is moved from the blocking position into the release position or vice versa. In order to return the catch element along the adjustment path into its starting position, a correspondingly preloaded return spring is provided. Although an improved dynamics of the movement mechanism and thus a shorter switching time can be achieved by increasing the spring force of the return spring, in particular by increasing the spring constant or the spring deflection. However, in order to overcome the increased spring force, a correspondingly more powerful motor must be provided again, which is therefore more space-consuming and more costly.
DE 603,081, t2 discloses a locking device with a fixed and variable mechanical end-of-travel stop. However, the known locking device is relatively complex in its construction and requires space.
Other locking means are disclosed by FR 2 908 B1 and DE 10 2004 037 617 A1.
When a rotation direction switch is detected using a sensor in the simulated stop, the steering column is released as quickly as possible. In other words: the blocking element of the locking device is moved from the blocking position into the release position within the shortest possible switching time, so that the steering wheel or steering shaft does not remain blocked after the switching of the direction of rotation has been detected.
The detection of the position of the steering wheel is a safety-relevant function and should therefore be ensured reliably or in a fault-proof manner (ASIL D).
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the known locking devices, it is an object of the present invention to provide a locking device which achieves a short switching time by means of a relatively simple construction, has a compact construction and is reliable.
Disclosure of Invention
The object on which the invention is based is achieved by the locking device of a steering column for a steer-by-wire system of a motor vehicle according to the invention, comprising a steering shaft, and by the steering column for a motor vehicle according to the invention.
According to the invention, it is proposed for a locking device of the type mentioned at the outset that the actuating drive comprises at least one first electromagnetic actuator and at least one second electromagnetic actuator. A short switching time can be achieved by means of two electromagnetic actuators. The electromagnetic actuator can be supplied with electrical energy in such a way that it generates a large magnetic force and thus acts with a large actuating force on the latching element.
The plurality of projections and recesses are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction and can form teeth, for example.
Preferably, the locking device is not a steering wheel lock that secures or blocks the steering shaft in the direction of rotation in the event of a vehicle driver leaving the vehicle. In contrast, as mentioned above, the locking device is used in particular cases to provide the driver of the motor vehicle with a tactile feedback in the form of a significantly improved or insurmountable steering resistance to simulate a mechanical coupling between the steering column and the steering gear which is omitted in the context of a steer-by-wire system.
The electromagnetic actuators may be respectively configured as electromagnets including a coil and a core arranged in the coil. In order to guide and strengthen the magnetic field generated during the energization, that is to say during the supply of electrical energy, the respective core may have a shaping. The control unit is used for specifically energizing the coil to generate a changing magnetic field in normal operation, so that the locking element moves into the blocking position or the release position according to the situation.
Furthermore, the shaping can be configured as a mechanical stop for the pivoting movement of the catch element. The mechanical stop on the forming section contributes to the magnetization process of the iron element that interacts with the electromagnetic actuator. This is because a mechanical stop causes an impact or pulse that favors or simplifies the orientation of the magnetic domains, also known as white regions (Weiss-Bezirke). The orientation of the magnetic domains in nearly parallel directions is a fundamental, metal-based magnetization effect on the crystal plane.
Advantageously, the first electromagnetic actuator is designed to move the catch element from the blocking position into the release position, and the second electromagnetic actuator is designed to move the catch element from the release position into the blocking position. Instead, the direction of movement may also be defined in the opposite direction.
In a particularly advantageous manner, the two electromagnetic actuators are each configured such that the latching element moves away from it or pushes away or repels it. Moving the latching element away from it provides the advantage of a very fast switching time, since the gap between the electromagnetic actuator and the latching element is very small or hardly present. Thus, the efficiency at the beginning of the handover procedure is very high. Accordingly, when the latching element has to accelerate in order to transfer it from one state into the other, a correspondingly large force can be provided precisely. It is also conceivable for the two electromagnetic actuators to be each configured such that the latching element is moved or attracted thereto. In both cases, both electromagnetic actuators are designed to act on the latching element in the same way. This enables simpler and therefore lower cost control of the individual actuators to be used.
Alternatively, the first electromagnetic actuator may be configured such that the latching element moves or pushes away or repels away from it, while the second electromagnetic actuator is configured such that the latching element moves or attracts towards it, i.e., just when the first electromagnetic actuator moves or pushes away or repels the latching element away from it. Preferably, this takes place during the switching cycle, that is to say when switching between the release position and the blocking position. In other words, both actuators are acting simultaneously or both movements are occurring simultaneously.
The manner of action against or against this is also conceivable, rather the first electromagnetic actuator can be configured such that the latching element is moved or attracted thereto, while the second electromagnetic actuator is configured such that the latching element is moved or pushed away or repelled away therefrom, i.e. just when the first electromagnetic actuator attracts the latching element thereto. Preferably, this takes place during the switching cycle, that is to say when switching between the release position and the blocking position. In other words, both actuators are acting simultaneously or both movements are occurring simultaneously.
In both cases, the two electromagnetic actuators are designed to act on the latching element in different ways. The action modes of the two electromagnetic actuators are mutually complemented. One actuator pulls or pulls and the other pulls or pushes. Particularly good dynamics and thus particularly short switching times can be achieved in this way.
In a preferred embodiment, the latching element is configured to be pivotable about a pivot axis. Such pivotable latching elements are also referred to as latching/pivoting levers or handles. In this way, a particularly short switching time can be achieved, in contrast to axially movable latching elements. Furthermore, a space-saving and compact locking device can be achieved.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the locking element is designed such that its pivot axis extends through its center of mass. External (disturbing) forces acting on the mass center, which may be caused, for example, by vibrations or other environmental influences, do not introduce a torque into the catch element. This improves the reliability and operational safety of the locking element. Furthermore, a relatively smooth latching element is thereby provided, i.e. a low actuating force is required.
The locking element may comprise at least one form-fitting element which engages into the locking star and at least one fitting element which is fixedly connected to the form-fitting element. The form-fitting unit extends from the center of mass to the open or free end of the locking element facing the locking star and is configured in a leg-like manner. The form-fitting unit cooperates with the catch star in such a way that it can be brought into engagement with the catch star. By "engaged" is meant herein that the positive-locking unit is brought or inserted or moved, in particular pivoted, into one of the recesses of the snap-lock star, thereby blocking the rotation of the steering shaft. The rotation of the steering shaft is blocked to such an extent that a rotational movement is only possible in the intermediate space defined by two successive projections of the locking star. The intermediate space corresponds to the recess.
The engagement unit extends from the center of mass to the open or free end of the locking element facing the adjustment drive and is configured in a leg-like manner. The engagement unit interacts with the actuator in such a way that the engagement unit can be moved back and forth, in particular pivoted, by the electromagnetic actuator.
The locking star of the locking device according to the invention may be a separate component which is fixed to the steering shaft. Alternatively, the locking star may be a molded part of one piece with the steering shaft, which is produced, for example, in particular by cutting the steering shaft or by a cold molding process.
The form-fitting unit and the fitting unit may be made of different materials or of the same material. By a fixed connection of the form-fitting unit to the mating unit, the two units can be moved in a fixed orientation relative to each other or synchronously with each other. In other words: movement of the mating unit caused by the adjustment drive results in a corresponding movement of the form-fitting unit. The fixed connection may be achieved by force fit, form fit or material fit. Combinations of these connection techniques are also contemplated. Alternatively, the form-fitting unit and the fitting unit may also be constructed as one piece.
The form-fitting unit can be configured as a hook. The hook is embodied in this way in such a way that the form-fitting element has a undercut on the open end facing the snap-lock star, which undercut is complementary to the convex shape of the snap-lock star.
The locking means may have a permanent magnet or a permanent magnet. This can be designed such that the catch element remains in the last occupied position when not actuated. This is achieved by a corresponding positioning of the permanent magnet with respect to the pivotable latching element. More precisely, the position of the permanent magnet is selected such that the magnetic field of the permanent magnet acts on the catch element, so that the magnetic force can fix the catch element against external disturbing influences or forces. In this way, even when electromagnetic actuation does not occur, for example when the current in the on-board electrical system of the vehicle is interrupted and thus the electromagnetic actuator is deactivated, the latching element can be magnetically held or fixed in the last occupied position, that is to say either in the blocking position or in the release position. In this way, a defined and thus reliable operating state of the locking device is always ensured even in the event of or after an operational failure.
It is also conceivable to construct the permanent magnet in such a way that, when actuation does not take place, if the last occupied position does not correspond to the standard position, the catch element is brought into the previously determined position (default position or standard position), i.e. either in the blocking position or in the release position, or if the last occupied position corresponds to the standard position, it is held in the previously determined position (default position or standard position). This ensures a specific and thus reliable operating state of the locking device even in the event of or after an operational failure.
In the case of a permanent magnet which is configured to move the latching element into the blocking position when actuation is not taking place and the latching star is in an angular position in which the latching element cannot be brought into engagement with the latching star at the moment of the interruption of the current, the locking device is briefly in an unstable state because the latching element bumps on the front side in front of the projection of the latching star. However, a small angular change of the catch star is sufficient to move the catch element again into engagement with the catch star and thus to shift the locking device into a stable and reliable state.
Additionally or alternatively, the permanent magnet may be configured to magnetize an iron element for interaction with the electromagnetic actuator. This is necessary in particular for embodiments which do not provide for an attractive movement of the latching element with the electromagnetic actuator, but rather for a repulsive movement of the latching element from the electromagnetic actuator. This is because magnetization of the iron element generates magnetic poles in the iron element, which is compulsorily necessary for generation of repulsive force caused by the opposite polarity.
To further improve the dynamics of the locking mechanism, the adjustment drive may comprise more than one first and second electromagnetic actuator. In particular, the actuator drive may comprise two first electromagnetic actuators and two second electromagnetic actuators. This results in a greater actuating force acting on the locking element. This enables a shorter switching time.
Furthermore, redundancy of the electromagnetic actuator is thereby provided, which improves the reliability and operational or fault-safety of the locking device. Because the additional first electromagnetic actuator and the additional second electromagnetic actuator can be used as a substitute for the first electromagnetic actuator or the second electromagnetic actuator, respectively, in the event of failure of the first electromagnetic actuator or the second electromagnetic actuator, respectively.
Furthermore, according to the invention, a steering column for a motor vehicle is provided, comprising a steering shaft bearing unit in which a steering shaft is rotatably supported, wherein the steering shaft can be coupled to a steering wheel, and comprising a locking device, which is formed as described above, wherein all features can be combined with one another.
Preferably, the steering column is steering lock-free, i.e. the steering column does not have a steering lock which secures or blocks the steering shaft in the direction of rotation in the event of a vehicle driver leaving the vehicle, in particular in the event of an unintentional actuation of the vehicle.
Drawings
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in detail below with the aid of the figures. Detailed description
Finely show
Figure 1 shows in perspective view one embodiment of a locking device according to the invention,
Figure 2 shows the locking device of figure 1 in a detail view,
Figure 3 shows the locking device of figure 1 in a top view,
Figure 4 shows the locking device of figure 1 in a top view,
Figure 5 shows in a top view a further embodiment of the locking device according to the invention,
Figure 6 shows the locking device of figure 5 in a top view,
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a steering column according to the invention in a perspective view, and
Fig. 8 shows the steering column of fig. 7 in perspective detail.
Detailed Description
In the different figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals throughout, and are therefore generally named or referred to only once, respectively.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a locking device 1 according to the invention in a perspective view. The locking device 1 is in its released position.
The locking device 1 is arranged on a steering column 3 of a steer-by-wire system of a motor vehicle, which steering column comprises a steering shaft 2. To be precise, the locking device 1 is fastened to the steering column 3 at the end facing away from the steering wheel, which is not shown in the drawing, by means of an opening 4 for receiving a screw, which is also not shown in the drawing. The locking device 1 is surrounded by a housing element 5. For a better view of the locking device 1, the housing element 5 is shown in cross section.
The locking device 1 comprises a catch star 8, a catch element 9 and an adjustment drive 10, the catch star 8 being fixedly connected to the steering shaft 2 and having a plurality of projections 6 and recesses 7, the catch element 9 being movable relative to the catch star 8. The projections 6 and recesses 7 are formed in circumferential sections on the snap lock star and are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.
The catch star 8 is configured like a gear. The projections 6 of the catch star 8 are designed as catch star teeth with tooth flanks oriented perpendicularly or normal to the outer circumferential surface of the catch star 8. The recesses 7 of the catch star 8 are formed as catch tooth grooves, which are each formed by two catch teeth that are successive in the circumferential direction of the catch star 8.
The adjustment drive 10 is designed to move the catch element 9 back and forth between a position blocking the rotation of the steering shaft 2 (blocking position) and a position releasing the rotation of the steering shaft 2 (release position), in other words the catch element 9 can be switched between the blocking position and the release position by the adjustment drive 10.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic detail of the blocking element 9 and the adjustment drive 10 of the locking device 1. For better overview, the housing element 5 is not shown. The locking device 1 is in its released position.
The adjustment drive 10 comprises a first electromagnetic actuator 11 and a second electromagnetic actuator 12. The electromagnetic actuators 11, 12 are electromagnets, respectively.
The first electromagnetic actuator 11 comprises a coil 13, a core 14 arranged in the coil 13, a connecting element 16 with an opening 15. The actuator 11 is connected in a stationary manner to the housing element 5 (not shown in fig. 2) of the locking device 1 via a connecting element 16. The core 14 has two shaped parts 17 at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the core, so that the core 14 is configured in a U-shape. The forming portions 17 constitute open end portions of the core 14, respectively. The shaped portion 17 serves as an "extension" of the iron core 14 and as a displacement limiter or mechanical stop for the pivoting movement of the catch element 9 in the direction of the first electromagnetic actuator 11.
Similarly, the second electromagnetic actuator 12 comprises a coil 18, a core 19 arranged in the coil 18 and a connecting element 21 with an opening 20. The actuator 12 is connected in a stationary manner to the housing element 5 (not shown in fig. 2) of the locking device 1 via a connecting element 21. The core 19 comprises two shaped parts 22 which are formed at right angles to the core longitudinal axis and are thus formed in a U-shape. The forming portions 22 constitute open end portions of the core 19, respectively. They serve as "extensions" of the iron core 19 and as displacement limits or mechanical stops for the pivoting movement of the catch element 9 in the direction of the second electromagnetic actuator 12.
The coils 13, 18 are each electrically connected to a power source and can be energized or switched on in a targeted manner by a control unit, not shown in the figures. Thus, magnetic fields having polarities corresponding to the electric throughflow are respectively generated. The cores 14, 19 arranged in the coils 13, 18, respectively, guide and strengthen the respective magnetic fields.
The first electromagnetic actuator 11 is configured such that the catch element 9 is moved from the blocking position into the release position. The second electromagnetic actuator 12 is configured in such a way that the latching element 9 is moved from the release position into the blocking position.
The electromagnetic actuators 11, 12 are each designed such that the latching element 9 moves away from it, pushes it away or repels it away.
The catch element 9 is configured as a lever or a detent lever, which can pivot about a pivot axis 23. The pivot axis 23 of the catch element 9 extends through its mass center of gravity.
The catch element 9 comprises a form-fitting unit 24 of sintered material which engages into the catch star 8 and a plastic-fitting unit 25 which is fixedly connected to the form-fitting unit 24. The mating unit 25 is actuatable by means of electromagnetic actuators 11, 12. By means of the fixed connection of the form-fitting unit 24 to the fitting unit 25, the two units can be moved in a fixed orientation relative to one another or synchronously with one another. The mass center of gravity of the catch element 9 is located in the region of the connection fitting unit 25 and the form fitting unit 24. The pivot axis 23 of the catch element 9 extends through the connection region.
The form-fitting unit 24 of the catch element 9 is configured as a hook. The open end of the form-fitting unit 24 is designed to form-fittingly engage or form-engage with a projection 6 designed as a latching tooth. When the form-fitting element 24 engages in the catch star 8, a working face is formed between one of the flanks of the catch star tooth oriented perpendicularly or normal to the outer circumferential surface of the catch star 8 and the form-fitting element 24 which is formed complementarily with respect to the flanks.
The mating unit 25 of the locking element 9 is connected in a material-fitting manner to two iron elements 26, which are each embedded in the mating unit 25 or are enclosed by the mating unit 25. The iron element 26 is configured to magnetically interact with the electromagnetic actuators 11, 12, respectively. The end surfaces of the forming sections 17, 22 are each formed to face the end surfaces of the two iron elements 26 opposite to them.
The repulsive movement of the iron element 26 carried by the catch element 9 away from the stationary electromagnetic actuator 11, 12 is a result of the fact that the magnetized end faces of the shaping elements 17, 22 on the one hand have the same polarity as the magnetized end faces of the two iron elements 26 on the other hand.
The locking device 1 also has a permanent magnet 27. The permanent magnet 27 has openings 28 for guiding bolts for fastening to the housing element 5 through. Furthermore, the permanent magnet 27 has two right-angled shaped parts. Accordingly, the permanent magnet 27 is U-shaped. The permanent magnet 27 is arranged on the outside thereof in the radial direction with respect to the pivotably supported mating unit 25.
The magnetic poles of the corresponding iron elements 26 are generated by magnetization induced or caused by the permanent magnets 27. The first open end of the U-shaped permanent magnet 27 forms a magnetic north pole and the second open end of the U-shaped permanent magnet 28 forms a magnetic south pole. The permanent magnet 27 is spatially arranged directly next to the iron element 26. A magnetic field is formed spatially directly adjacent to the permanent magnet 27. By introducing the iron element 26 into the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 27, the magnetic domains of the iron element 26 are oriented substantially parallel to the magnetic field. This is called magnetization. In normal operation, the mechanical abutment of the iron element 26 of the mating unit 25 against the forming portions 17, 22 generates an impact or pulse that promotes or simplifies the orientation of the magnetic domains.
The permanent magnet 27 fulfils another function in addition to the magnetization of the iron element 26. To be precise, the permanent magnet 27 serves to magnetically hold the latching element 9 in the last-occupied position, that is to say either in the blocking position or in the release position, when the electromagnetic actuation does not take place, for example when the current is interrupted and thus the electromagnetic actuator 11, 12 is deactivated. A clearly defined and reliable operating state of the locking device 1 is thus always ensured.
Fig. 3 and 4 clearly show in comparison the release position and the blocking position of the locking device 1.
Fig. 3 shows the locking device 1 in a top view. The locking device 1 is in its released position.
The coil 13 of the first electromagnetic actuator 11 is energized by a control unit, not shown in the figures, so that the mating unit 25 of the catch element 9 is repelled by the first electromagnetic actuator 11. Thereby, the mating unit 25 is pivoted counterclockwise about the pivot axis 23 and is pivoted until the iron element 26 of the mating unit 25 abuts against the forming portion 22. The pivoting movement of the mating unit 25, due to the fixed connection with the form-fitting unit 24, in turn results in a counter-clockwise pivoting movement of the form-fitting unit 24 about the pivot axis 23, i.e. out of engagement with the catch star 8.
Fig. 4 shows the locking device 1 in a top view. Unlike fig. 1 to 3, the locking device 1 is in its blocking position.
The coil 18 of the second electromagnetic actuator 12 is energized by a control unit, not shown in the figures, in such a way that the mating unit 25 of the catch element 9 is repelled by the second electromagnetic actuator 12. Thereby, the mating unit 25 is pivoted clockwise about the pivot axis 23 and is pivoted until the iron element 26 of the mating unit 25 abuts against the forming section 17. Due to the fixed connection with the form-fitting unit 24, the pivoting movement of the fitting unit 25 results in a pivoting movement of the form-fitting unit 24 about the pivot axis 23 in a clockwise direction into engagement with the snap-lock star 8.
Fig. 5 and 6 show in comparison a release position and a blocking position of a further embodiment of the locking device 29 according to the invention.
Fig. 5 shows the locking device 29 in a top view. The locking means 29 is in its released position.
The basic construction of the locking device 29 corresponds to the construction of the locking device 1 of fig. 1 to 4. The locking device 29 likewise comprises a locking star 8, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the steering shaft 2 and has a plurality of projections 6 and recesses 7, a locking element 30 and an adjustment drive 31, the locking element 30 being movable relative to the locking star 8.
The locking element 30 is configured as a lever or a detent lever, which can pivot about a pivot axis 23, wherein the pivot axis 23 extends through the center of mass of the locking element 30. The catch element 30 comprises a form-fitting unit 32 which engages into the catch star 8 and a fitting unit 33 which is fixedly connected to the form-fitting unit 32.
The adjustment drive 31 comprises a first electromagnetic actuator 34 and a second electromagnetic actuator 35. The electromagnetic actuators 34, 35 are electromagnets, respectively. The adjustment actuator 31 can reciprocate or switch the catch element 30 between the blocking position and the release position.
Unlike the form-fitting unit 24 and the fitting unit 25, not only the form-fitting unit 32 but also the fitting unit 33 are made of magnetizable material, and not only the form-fitting unit 32 but also the fitting unit 33 itself is actuatable. That is, the fitting unit 33 can be actuated by the first electromagnetic actuator 34, and the form fitting unit 32 can be actuated by the second electromagnetic actuator 35.
The first electromagnetic actuator 34 includes a coil 36 and a core unit 37 having an opening. The core unit 37 is fixedly connected to the housing element 5 by means of fixing bolts 38 which pass through the openings. The core unit 37 has a base 39, an inner or middle leg 40 and two outer legs 41. Legs 40, 41 are respectively molded onto base 39 and equidistant from each other. The base 39 and legs 40, 41 are integrally or monolithically formed. The inner leg 40 is disposed inside the coil 36 and thereby acts as an iron core of the first electromagnetic actuator 34 in a narrow sense. The two outer legs 41 of the core unit 37 are arranged outside the coil 36 or are guided around the coil 36. By forming the outer leg 41 and the inner leg 40 as a unit, the outer leg 41 also serves as the core of the first electromagnetic actuator 34.
The three legs 40, 41 respectively form the open ends of the core unit 37. They are oriented or directed from the base 39 in such a way that they respectively match the surface shape of the mating unit 33. They therefore act as a displacement limiter or mechanical stop for the pivoting movement of the mating unit 33 of the catch element 30. The end surfaces of the legs 40, 41 each form an operative face with the surface area of the mating unit 33 located opposite them.
The coil 36 of the first electromagnetic actuator 34 is energized by a control unit, not shown in the figures, in such a way that the mating unit 33 of the catch element 30 is repelled by the first electromagnetic actuator 34. Thereby, the mating unit 33 pivots counterclockwise about the pivot axis 23. The pivoting movement of the matching unit 33, due to the fixed connection with the form-fitting unit 32, causes the pivoting movement of the form-fitting unit 32, i.e. out of engagement with the snap-lock star 8.
Fig. 6 shows a top view of the locking device 29. The locking means 29 is in its blocking position.
Similar to the structure of the first electromagnetic actuator 34, the second electromagnetic actuator 35 has a coil 42 and an open core unit 43. The core unit 43 is fixedly connected to the housing element 5 by means of fixing bolts 44 which pass through the openings. The core unit 43 has a base 45, an inner or middle leg 46 and two outer legs 47. Legs 46, 47 are respectively molded onto base 45 and equidistant from each other. The base 45 and legs 46, 47 are integrally or monolithically constructed. The inner leg 46 is arranged inside the coil 42 and thus acts as an iron core of the second electromagnetic actuator 35 in a narrow sense. The two outer legs 47 of the core unit 43 are arranged outside the coil 42 or are guided around the coil 42. By forming the outer leg 47 and the inner leg 46 as a unit, the outer leg 47 also serves as the core of the second electromagnetic actuator 35.
The three legs 46, 47 respectively form the open ends of the core unit 43. They are oriented or directed from the base 45 in such a way that they respectively match the surface shape of the form-fitting unit 32. They thus serve as a displacement limiter or mechanical stop for the pivoting movement of the form-fitting unit 32 of the catch element 30. The end surfaces of the legs 46, 47 each form an operative face with the surface area of the form-fit unit 32 opposite to them.
The coil 42 of the second electromagnetic actuator 35 is energized by a control unit, not shown in the figures, in such a way that the positive-locking unit 32 is repelled by the second electromagnetic actuator 35. Thereby, the form fit unit 32 pivots about the pivot axis 23 in a clockwise direction. The pivoting movement of the form-fitting unit 32 moves the form-fitting unit 32 into engagement with the catch star 8.
Fig. 7 shows a steering column 3 for a motor vehicle, which has a rotatably mounted steering shaft 2, to the end of which a driver of the motor vehicle, which is not shown in the figures, can be attached a steering wheel, which is also not shown in the figures. Further, the steering column 3 includes a support unit 48 mountable to the body of the vehicle, a housing unit 49 having an adjustment unit 50 fixed to the support unit 48, and a height adjustment device 51 and a longitudinal adjustment device 52.
Furthermore, the steering column 3 comprises a locking device 1 shown in fig. 1 to 4, which locking device 1 is enclosed by a housing element 5. Alternatively, a locking device 29 shown in fig. 5 and 6 may also be provided. The locking device 1 or 29 is arranged on an axial end of the steering column 3 facing away from a steering wheel, which is not shown in the figures. This arrangement can also be seen in fig. 1.
The other housing element 53 is arranged directly adjacent to the housing element 5 in the axial direction.
Fig. 8 shows a detail of the steering column 3. The housing element 53 is shown in cross section. The feedback actuator 54 is enclosed by the housing element 53.
In a steer-by-wire system, the feedback actuator 54 is used to provide or simulate mechanical information to the vehicle operator, particularly vibration and mechanical resistance during steering, preferably mechanical steering resistance. The feedback actuator 54 comprises an electric motor, wherein the electric motor has a stator 55 and a rotor 56, the stator 55 being received in a rotationally fixed manner in the housing element 53, the rotor 56 being connected to the steering shaft 2 in a rotationally fixed manner.
Description of the reference numerals
1 Locking device
2 Steering shaft
3 Steering column
4 Openings
5 Housing element
6 Bump
7 Concave part
8-Lock star
9 Latch element
10 Adjustment actuator
11 First electromagnetic actuator
12 Second electromagnetic actuator
13 Coil
14 Iron core
15 Openings of
16 Connecting element
17 Forming part
18 Coil
19 Iron core
20 Openings of
21 Connecting element
22 Forming part
23 Pivot axis
24 Form-fitting unit
25 Mating unit
26 Iron element
27 Permanent magnet
28 Openings
29 Locking device
30 Latch element
31 Adjusting driver
32 Form-fitting unit
33 Mating unit
34 First electromagnetic actuator
35 Second electromagnetic actuator
36 Coil
37 Iron core unit
38 Fixing bolt
39 Base
40 Inner leg
41 Outer leg
42 Coil
43 Iron core unit
44 Fixing bolt
45 Base
46 Inner leg
47 Outer leg
48 Support unit
49 Housing unit
50 Adjusting unit
51 Height adjusting device
52 Longitudinal adjustment device
53 Housing element
54 Feedback actuator
55 Stator
56 Rotor
Claims (9)
1. A locking device (1; 29) for a steering column (3) of a drive-by-wire steering system of a motor vehicle, comprising a steering shaft (2), comprising a catch star (8) having a plurality of projections (6) and recesses (7), wherein the catch star (8) can be coupled to the steering shaft (2) in a rotationally fixed manner, comprising a catch element (9; 30) which can be moved relative to the catch star (8) and an adjustment drive (10; 31) which is configured such that the catch element (9; 30) is switched between a blocking position, in which rotation of the steering shaft (2) is blocked, and a release position, in which rotation of the steering shaft (2) is released, characterized in that the adjustment drive (10; 31) comprises at least one first electromagnetic actuator (11; 34) and at least one second electromagnetic actuator (12; 35); the first electromagnetic actuator (11; 23) is configured to move the catch element (9; 30) away from it, and the second electromagnetic actuator (12; 35) is configured to attract the catch element (9; 30) towards it, i.e. towards it just when the first electromagnetic actuator (11; 23) moves the catch element (9; 30) away from it, or vice versa, respectively.
2. Locking device (1; 29) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electromagnetic actuator (11; 23) is designed to move the catch element (9; 30) from the blocking position to the release position and the second electromagnetic actuator (12; 35) is designed to move the catch element (9; 30) from the release position to the blocking position.
3. Locking device (1; 29) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and second electromagnetic actuators (11, 12;34, 35) are each configured to move the catch element (9; 30) away from or attract it.
4. Locking device (1; 29) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the catch element (9; 30) is pivotable about a pivot axis (23).
5. Locking device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the pivot axis (23) of the catch element (9; 30) extends through its mass centre of gravity.
6. Locking device (1; 29) according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the catch element (9; 30) comprises at least one form-fitting unit (24; 32) which engages into the catch star (8) and at least one fitting unit (25; 33) which is fixedly connected to the form-fitting unit (24; 32).
7. Locking device (1; 29) according to one of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the locking device (1; 29) has a permanent magnet (27), which permanent magnet (27) is configured to hold the catch element (9; 30) in the last occupied position when actuation is not taking place and/or to magnetize the iron element (26) for cooperation with the electromagnetic actuator (11; 12).
8. Locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the adjustment drive (10; 31) comprises two first and two second electromagnetic actuators (11, 12;34, 35).
9. Steering column (3) for a motor vehicle, comprising a steering shaft bearing unit in which a steering shaft (2) is rotatably supported, wherein the steering shaft (2) can be coupled to a steering wheel, and wherein the steering column (3) comprises a locking device (1; 29) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019215681.9A DE102019215681A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2019-10-11 | Locking device and steering column with locking device |
| DE102019215681.9 | 2019-10-11 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/077924 WO2021069405A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2020-10-06 | Locking device and steering column with locking device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114514150A CN114514150A (en) | 2022-05-17 |
| CN114514150B true CN114514150B (en) | 2024-06-04 |
Family
ID=72915799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080071269.2A Active CN114514150B (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2020-10-06 | Locking device and steering column with locking device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114514150B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102019215681A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021069405A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204136B3 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-28 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Steering column for a motor vehicle steer-by-wire system |
| DE102022204566B3 (en) | 2022-05-10 | 2023-02-02 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Steering column for a motor vehicle |
| BE1029977B1 (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2023-06-26 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Steering column for a motor vehicle |
| DE102022123901A1 (en) | 2022-09-19 | 2024-03-21 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Steer-by-wire steering device for vehicles |
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| US6718242B1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2004-04-06 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicular steering device, program, and record medium |
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| JP2016088190A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-23 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | Steering lock device |
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| DE19964173C2 (en) * | 1999-02-15 | 2001-12-13 | Valeo Deutschland Gmbh & Co | Device for electrically locking the steering spindle of a steering device |
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| DE102010001914A1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Steering device for a motor vehicle |
| DE102016206610A1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-19 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Steer-by-wire steering device for motor vehicles |
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2019
- 2019-10-11 DE DE102019215681.9A patent/DE102019215681A1/en active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-10-06 CN CN202080071269.2A patent/CN114514150B/en active Active
- 2020-10-06 WO PCT/EP2020/077924 patent/WO2021069405A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6718242B1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2004-04-06 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicular steering device, program, and record medium |
| JP2005029016A (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-02-03 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Steering device for vehicle |
| CN1583487A (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-23 | 株式会社电装 | Steering apparatus for use in an automotive vehicle and equipped with a transmission ratio adjusting mechanism |
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| WO2012062548A1 (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2012-05-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Steering device for a motor vehicle and method for locking a steering device |
| KR20140080172A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-30 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | Apparatus for preventing steering column lock |
| DE102014206120A1 (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-01 | Ovalo Gmbh | Bistable locking device for blocking a rotational movement |
| CN105216858A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-01-06 | 奥迪股份公司 | Steering swivel system |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021069405A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
| DE102019215681A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
| CN114514150A (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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