CN114510097A - Control system and control method of activation furnace - Google Patents

Control system and control method of activation furnace Download PDF

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CN114510097A
CN114510097A CN202210059493.0A CN202210059493A CN114510097A CN 114510097 A CN114510097 A CN 114510097A CN 202210059493 A CN202210059493 A CN 202210059493A CN 114510097 A CN114510097 A CN 114510097A
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control system
activation furnace
temperature
oxygen content
negative pressure
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CN114510097B (en
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朱传强
张亮
谢兴旺
茹晋波
孙亭亭
李渠
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Everbright Envirotech China Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Research Institute Nanjing Co Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Everbright Envirotech China Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Research Institute Nanjing Co Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Shenzhen Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
    • G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof

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Abstract

The invention discloses a control system and a control method of an activation furnace, which comprise the following steps: the system comprises a temperature control system, a speed control system, a negative pressure control system, an oxygen content control system, a rotating speed sensor, a temperature transmitter, an oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor and a fuzzy PID decoupling control module; conveying the carbonized material from a bin to an inlet of an activation furnace, controlling the feeding speed by a temperature control system so as to control the temperature in the activation furnace, carrying out pore-forming reaction on the carbonized material from the inlet of the activation furnace through rotation of a kiln body in the furnace, and respectively acquiring the rotating speed, the temperature, the oxygen content and the negative pressure of the activation furnace by adopting various sensors; respectively transmitting the acquired data to a fuzzy PID decoupling control module, and outputting the final control quantity of each control system by the fuzzy PID decoupling control module; and after the carbonized material enters the tail end of the activation furnace, outputting the finished activated carbon by the activation furnace. The method provided by the invention can be stably operated without manual intervention, and has a good effect.

Description

Control system and control method of activation furnace
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon production.
Background
Under the environment advocating low-carbon green environmental protection, the utilization of biomass energy is continuously paid attention to, and the resource and high-valued utilization approaches attract extensive attention. The technology for preparing the activated carbon by biomass direct-combustion coupled gasification is used as a path for high-value conversion of biomass energy and starts to be gradually popularized and applied. The activation furnace is key equipment for activating carbonized materials into final products of activated carbon in the production line for preparing the activated carbon by biomass direct-combustion coupling gasification. The carbonized material is fed into the activation furnace through the activation furnace feeding system and is subjected to activation reaction with high-temperature steam to generate activated carbon, and the heat required by activation is provided through combustion reaction of air distribution and activated gas. According to the activation process, relevant process parameters of the activation furnace, such as feeding stability, rotating speed, air distribution quantity and temperature control, are decisive factors for determining the quality of the activated carbon. Taking the temperature of the activation furnace as an example, the higher the temperature control precision in the activation process is, the higher the activation efficiency of the carbonized material is, and the better the quality of the activated carbon is. If the temperature of the activation furnace is too low, the activated carbon is not completely activated, a rich pore structure cannot be formed, and the product quality cannot reach the standard; if the temperature of the activation furnace is too high, the activated carbon is easy to ablate, the yield of a production line is reduced, the smoke gas volume is increased, the smoke temperature is increased, the induced draft fan is damaged, and the system can be shut down and maintained due to long-time operation, so that economic loss is caused. Therefore, the automatic control performance of the activation furnace is improved, the safe and stable production of equipment is ensured, the continuous operation of a system is ensured, and the important function is played in ensuring the stability of the process.
The control of the activation furnace is a typical complex process with large inertia, large hysteresis, nonlinearity and time-varying property, and an accurate mathematical model is difficult to establish by a mathematical method. The existing control method mainly stops manual adjustment, and due to the fact that manual adjustment is large in randomness, high in working strength and low in efficiency, production quality cannot be guaranteed, the loss on ignition rate is high, and a lot of potential safety hazards exist.
The invention patent application document CN1559893 discloses an automatic control system for an activated carbon preparation process, which is characterized in that a control system computer drives an air volume adjusting valve of an air supply system of a carbonization furnace, an electric adjusting valve of the activation furnace, an electric steam valve of the activation furnace, a discharge valve of the activation furnace, control of the activation furnace and a flue gate valve to perform corresponding actions according to technological parameter signals of the temperature of the carbonization furnace, the temperature of the activation furnace and the steam flow of the activation furnace, which are acquired by a detection element, so as to realize the automatic control of the mutual conversion of the temperature of the carbonization furnace, the temperature of the activation furnace, the steam flow of the activation furnace, the activation time, the heating and the cooling of the two half furnaces. The method introduces the composition of a control system and also introduces an algorithm, the algorithm is simple loop control, but does not consider the mutual influence of adjusting parameters, and the accurate adjustment of the related parameters cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a control system and a control method for an activation furnace.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a control system of an activation furnace, comprising: the system comprises a temperature control system, a speed control system, a negative pressure control system, an oxygen content control system, a rotating speed sensor, a temperature transmitter, an oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor and a fuzzy PID decoupling control module;
the method comprises the following steps that a feed screw conveying device conveys a carbonized material to an inlet of an activation furnace from a bin, the feeding speed is subjected to frequency conversion adjustment through a temperature control system, so that the temperature in the activation furnace is controlled, the carbonized material is moved to the tail of the activation furnace from the inlet of the activation furnace through a kiln body in the furnace in a rotating mode through a rotary kiln device of the activation furnace, steam is introduced to carry out pore-forming reaction in the process, and meanwhile a rotating speed sensor, a temperature transmitter, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor are adopted to respectively collect the rotating speed of the activation furnace, the temperature in the activation furnace, the oxygen content in the activation furnace and the negative pressure in the activation furnace; the acquired data are respectively transmitted to a fuzzy PID decoupling control module, and the fuzzy PID decoupling control module outputs the final control quantity of the temperature control system, the final control quantity of the oxygen content control system, the final control quantity of the negative pressure control system and the final control quantity of the speed control system, so that the regulation of the rotating speed of the activation furnace, the temperature in the activation furnace, the negative pressure and the oxygen content in the activation process is realized; and after the carbonized material enters the tail end of the activation furnace, outputting the finished activated carbon by the activation furnace.
Furthermore, the temperature control system adopts a feeding screw conveyor, the speed control system adopts a driving motor, the negative pressure control system adopts an induced draft fan, and the oxygen content control system adopts a distributing fan.
Further, flue gas generated by the activation reaction in the activation furnace is extracted into the waste heat boiler by the induced draft fan for recycling.
A control method of an activation furnace specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the temperature, the oxygen content, the negative pressure and the rotating speed of the activation furnace in real time;
and 2, step: according to the data collected in the step 1, calculating by adopting a method combining a fuzzy PID algorithm and decoupling to obtain the final control quantity of the temperature control system, the final control quantity of the oxygen content control system, the final control quantity of the negative pressure control system and the final control quantity of the speed control system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: setting the temperature T and the oxygen content O2Setting a four-input four-output control system by taking a set value P of negative pressure and a set value S of the rotating speed of the activation furnace as inputs;
step 2.2: 2.1, independently adopting a fuzzy PID algorithm to solve each channel of the control system in the step 2.1 to obtain the regulating variable of the temperature control system, the regulating variable of the oxygen content control system, the regulating variable of the negative pressure control system and the regulating variable of the activation furnace rotating speed control system;
step 2.3: taking a channel related to the rotation speed of the activation furnace in the four-input four-output control system as an independent channel, and taking the regulating quantity of the rotation speed control system of the activation furnace obtained by calculation in the step 2.2 as the final regulating quantity of the rotation speed control system of the activation furnace;
step 2.4: decoupling calculation is carried out on the rest three channels in the four-input four-output control system to obtain a feedforward compensation function W of the temperature1(S), feedforward compensation function W of oxygen content2(S) and negative pressure feedforward compensation function W3(S)；
Step 2.5: according to the adjustment amount of 2.2 temperature control system and W1(S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the temperature control system, and controlling the regulating quantity of the system and W according to the oxygen content2(S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system, and controlling the regulating quantity of the system according to the negative pressure and the W3And (S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system.
Further, the expression of the four-input four-output control system in step 2.1 is as follows:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000031
wherein M is1，M2，M3，M4Are all outputs of a four-input four-output control system, G11(s)，G22(s)，G33(s)， G44(s)，G12(s)，G23(s)，G32(s) are transfer functions.
Further, the expression of the remaining three-channel system in step 2.4 is as follows:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000032
identifying models of G11(S), G12(S), G22(S), G23(S), G32(S) and G33(S) by fitting, thereby obtaining a characteristic equation of each transfer function;
feedforward compensation function W of temperature obtained after decoupling1(S), feedforward compensation function W of oxygen content2(S) and negative pressure feedforward compensation function W3The expression of (S) is as follows:
W1(s)＝[1 0 0]
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000033
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000034
wherein A ═ G11(s)G22(s)G33(s)-G11(s)G23(s)G32(s)。
Further, the fuzzy language in the fuzzy PID control algorithm in the step 2.2 is deviation E, deviation ratio EC, proportion Kp, integral Ki, and differential Kd, respectively; the fuzzy subset is { ZO, NS, NL, NM, NH, NB }, and the quantization level is { -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
fuzzy rule in KpThe change in membership is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000041
Fuzzy rule in KiThe table of membership changes is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000042
Fuzzy rule in KdThe membership degree change table is shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000051
The membership function in the fuzzy PID control algorithm adopts a triangular membership function.
Further, in step 2.5: 2.2 the adjustment of the temperature control system and W1(S) adding the final regulating quantity of the temperature control system, and adding the regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system to W2(S) adding the final regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system, and adding the regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system and W3And (S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system.
Has the advantages that: the invention firstly establishes a set of control system of the activation furnace, builds 4 single-loop fuzzy PID adjusting models according to the process requirements and characteristics of the activation furnace, and counteracts the deviation of the fuzzy PID algorithm through a decoupling link, namely a multi-loop fuzzy PID decoupling control algorithm, thereby achieving the purpose of accurate control. The result of debugging and long-term operation can be verified, the method provided by the invention can stably operate without manual intervention, and the decoupling effect is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a fuzzy PID decoupling method of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a control block diagram before decoupling.
FIG. 4 is a decoupling control block diagram.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a feed screw conveyor; 2. a drive motor; 3. a wind distribution fan; 4. an induced draft fan; 5. a rotational speed sensor; 6. a temperature transmitter and 7. an oxygen content sensor; 8. a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the control system of the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a temperature control system, a speed control system, a negative pressure control system, an oxygen content control system, a rotating speed sensor 5, a temperature transmitter 6, an oxygen content sensor 7, a pressure sensor 8 and a fuzzy PID decoupling control module; in the embodiment, a temperature control system adopts a feeding screw conveyor 1, a speed control system adopts a driving motor 2, a negative pressure control system adopts an induced draft fan 4, and an oxygen content control system adopts a distributing fan 3; the above objects are driven by the frequency converter to be connected into the PLC system for control.
The feeding screw conveying device conveys the carbonized materials to the inlet of the activation furnace from the bin, the feeding speed is adjusted by the feeding screw conveyor in a frequency conversion mode, the feeding screw conveying device and the temperature transmitter of the measuring instrument are subjected to closed-loop control through the fuzzy PID decoupling control module, and the inlet temperature of the carbonization furnace is guaranteed to be within a reaction interval (400-600 ℃).
Activation furnace inclination is 1.5, activation furnace rotary kiln device rotates the slow migration to the stove tail with the carbonization material from the kiln body in the activation furnace entry through the stove, along with the removal of material, let in steam and activate the pore-forming reaction, because steam volume in the unit interval, the speed that the carbonization material removed is directly proportional with rotary kiln pivoted speed three, rotary kiln pivoted speed is adjusted by driving motor frequency conversion, carry out closed-loop control through fuzzy PID decoupling control module with installing at axial speed sensor, guarantee rotary kiln's rotational speed and steam volume phase-match, satisfy activation pore-forming reaction time. The air distribution fan provides oxygen for the gasification reaction for the activation furnace, the concentration of oxygen content is subjected to frequency conversion regulation by the air distribution fan, and closed-loop control is performed on the oxygen content and the oxygen content sensor through a fuzzy PID decoupling control module, so that the oxygen content at an inlet is ensured to exceed 12%, the oxygen for the gasification reaction is sufficient, and the temperature of the middle section in the furnace is convenient to maintain. The induced draft fan provides the negative pressure environment for the activation furnace, and pressure is carried out closed-loop control through fuzzy PID decoupling control module with pressure sensor by induced draft fan frequency conversion regulation, guarantees the interior whole little negative pressure of stove, and the activation flue gas is not revealed, satisfies the requirement of safety in production.
And finally, the material passes through the activation section and enters the tail end, the finished active carbon product is output, and the finished active carbon product is collected after cooling. The flue gas generated by the reaction is pumped away by a draught fan and enters a waste heat boiler for recycling.
The embodiment provides a method for controlling an activation furnace, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the temperature, the oxygen content, the negative pressure and the rotating speed of the activation furnace in real time;
step 2: according to the data collected in the step 1, calculating by adopting a method combining a fuzzy PID algorithm and decoupling to obtain the final control quantity of the temperature control system, the final control quantity of the oxygen content control system, the final control quantity of the negative pressure control system and the final control quantity of the speed control system; a flow chart of the method for combining the fuzzy PID algorithm and decoupling is shown in fig. 2, which specifically includes:
step 2.1: setting the temperature T and the oxygen content O2Setting a four-input four-output control system by taking a set value P of negative pressure and a set value S of the rotating speed of the activation furnace as inputs;
step 2.2: solving by adopting a fuzzy PID algorithm aiming at each channel of the control system in the step 2.1 to obtain the regulating variable of the temperature control system, the regulating variable of the oxygen content control system, the regulating variable of the negative pressure control system and the regulating variable of the activation furnace rotating speed control system;
step 2.3: taking a channel related to the rotation speed of the activation furnace in the four-input four-output control system as an independent channel, and taking the regulating quantity of the rotation speed control system of the activation furnace obtained by calculation in the step 2.2 as the final regulating quantity of the rotation speed control system of the activation furnace;
step 2.4: decoupling calculation is carried out on the rest three channels in the four-input four-output control system to obtain a feedforward compensation function W of the temperature1(S), feedforward compensation function W of oxygen content2(S) and negative pressure feedforward compensation function W3(S)；
Step 2.5: according to the adjustment amount of 2.2 temperature control system and W1(S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the temperature control system, and controlling the regulating quantity of the system and W according to the oxygen content2(S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system, and controlling the regulating quantity of the system according to the negative pressure and the W3And (S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system.
The fuzzy PID algorithm in step 2.2 is as follows: the 4 loops in the step 2.1 are respectively used for controlling the temperature of the feeding screw conveyor, controlling the oxygen content by an air distribution fan, controlling the negative pressure by an induced draft fan and controlling the rotating speed of the activation furnace by a driving motor.
The fuzzy language of the variables is deviation E, deviation ratio EC, proportion KpIntegral KiDifferential Kd；
E is the offset, E-PV-SP, where PV is the current value, SP is the target setting EC is the offset, EC- Σ Δ PV
The quantization levels are { -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, and each quantization interval is set by manual debugging.
The fuzzy subset is { ZO, NS, NL, NM, NH, NB }, and the fuzzy subset corresponds to the PID tuning parameter { K }p,Ki,KdThe output value of (c) is set by manual debugging.
The membership function adopts a triangular membership function.
Establishing a fuzzy rule table, K, according to actual debugging and operating experiencepThe degree of membership changes are shown in Table 1 below
TABLE 1
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000071
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000081
Fuzzy rule in KiThe table of membership changes is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000082
Fuzzy rule in KdThe membership degree change table is shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000091
Derived from fuzzy controller { Kp，Ki,KdThe output value is input into a PID controller, and the algorithm of the PID controller is as follows:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000092
e (t) represents the input of the PID controller; u (t) represents the output of the PID controller; t is sampling time; kp is the controller scaling factor.
Decoupling control design:
through variable pairing analysis, the variable relationship is found to be obvious through practical engineering operation experience, and the variable relationship of the system can be obtained without calculating relative gain, as shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000093
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000101
In Table 4 above, it is the master variable, Δ is the associated variable, and it has no effect.
The following 4 single loops can be established for pairing through the pairing analysis;
1) control object (input): a temperature control system; control parameters (output): frequency of the feed screw conveyor;
2) control object (input): an oxygen content control system; control parameters (output): the frequency of the air distribution fan;
3) control object (input): a negative pressure control system; control parameters (output): the frequency of the induced draft fan;
4) control object (input): and (3) a rotation speed control system of the activation furnace, wherein the control parameters (output) are as follows: the frequency of the drive motor;
for the convenience of understanding, the control system model before decoupling is a four-input four-output control system, which is represented by the control block diagram shown in fig. 3 and is expressed by the following transfer function matrix:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000102
in the above formula, T is a temperature setting value; o is2Setting a value for oxygen content; p is a pressure setting; s is a speed set value; g11(S) is a transfer function between the temperature setting and the actual temperature; g12(S) is a transfer function between the oxygen content setting and the actual temperature; g22(S) is a transfer function between the oxygen content set value and the actual oxygen content; g23(S) is a transfer function between the negative pressure setting and the oxygen content; g32(S) is a transfer function between the oxygen content setting and the actual negative pressure; g33(S) is a transfer function between the negative pressure setting and the actual negative pressure; g44(S) is a transfer function between the set value of the rotating speed of the activation furnace and the actual rotating speed; m1，M2，M3，M4Are all outputs of a four-input four-output control system, M1Is the control quantity of the feeding screw conveyor; m2 is the control quantity of the air distribution fan; m3 is the control quantity of the induced draft fan; m4 is a control amount of the drive motor.
As can be seen from fig. 3, since the rotational speed is controlled only by the driving motor M4, the system can be split into a single-input single-output control system and a three-input and three-output multivariable control system, wherein the three-input and three-output multivariable control system can be expressed by the following transfer function matrix:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000111
after the transfer function is obtained, debugging operation data is collected and matched through fitting softwareG11(S)、G12(S)、G22(S)、G23(S)、 G32(S)、G33And (S) identifying the model to respectively obtain the characteristic equations of the transfer functions, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
for G11(S) debugging data acquisition: firstly, establishing a fuzzy PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting system for the frequency and the temperature of the feeding screw conveyor, setting a temperature setting value, manually adjusting the frequency of the air distribution fan after the system is stable, and recording the frequency of the air distribution fan and the change data of the temperature.
For G12(S) debugging data acquisition: firstly, establishing a fuzzy PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting system for the frequency and the temperature of an air distribution fan, setting a temperature setting value, manually adjusting the frequency of a feeding screw conveyor after the system is stable, and recording the frequency and the temperature change data of the feeding screw conveyor.
For G22(S) debugging data acquisition: firstly, establishing a fuzzy PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting system for the frequency and the oxygen content of an air distribution fan, setting an oxygen content set value, manually adjusting the frequency of an induced draft fan after the system is stable, and recording the change data of the frequency and the oxygen content of the induced draft fan.
For G23(S) debugging data acquisition: firstly, establishing a fuzzy PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting system for the frequency and the oxygen content of the induced draft fan, setting an oxygen content set value, manually adjusting the frequency of the air distribution fan after the system is stabilized, and recording the change data of the frequency and the oxygen content of the air distribution fan.
For G32(S) debugging data acquisition: firstly, establishing a frequency and negative pressure fuzzy PID adjusting system of an air distribution fan, setting a negative pressure set value, manually adjusting the frequency of the induced draft fan after the system is stable, and recording the frequency of the induced draft fan and the change data of the negative pressure.
For G33(S) debugging data acquisition: firstly, establishing a frequency and negative pressure fuzzy PID adjusting system of the induced draft fan, setting a negative pressure set value, manually adjusting the frequency of the air distribution fan after the system is stable, and recording the frequency of the air distribution fan and the change data of the negative pressure.
Due to G23(S) and G32The essence of (S) is the correlation between the two loopsThe relation, namely the coupling channel, can be compensated by a decoupling method, the invention adopts a feedforward compensation method to realize, and the feedforward transfer functions of all branches are respectively set as W1(S)、W2(S)、W3(S) the transfer function matrix is:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000112
the compensated desired equivalent transfer function matrix is:
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000121
the formula 3 and the formula 4 are combined to obtain
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000122
Then the
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000123
From equation 6, the following can be found:
W1(s)＝[1 0 0]
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000124
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003495007660000125
wherein A ═ G11(s)G22(s)G33(s)-G11(s)G23(s)G32(s)。
From the above analysis, a decoupling control block diagram can be obtained as shown in fig. 4: calculating the data after decoupling as W1(s)， W2(s)，W3And(s) adding the PID regulating value, converting the obtained value into an analog quantity standard signal through a PLC system, and respectively outputting the regulating quantity to a screw conveyor, an air distribution fan, an induced draft fan and a driving motor M4 which are driven by the PLC to a frequency converter (the regulating quantity of the rotating speed control system of the activation furnace obtained by fuzzy PID calculation is used as the final regulating quantity of the rotating speed control system of the activation furnace).
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

Claims (8)

1. A control system for an activation furnace, comprising: the system comprises a temperature control system, a speed control system, a negative pressure control system, an oxygen content control system, a rotating speed sensor, a temperature transmitter, an oxygen content sensor, a pressure sensor and a fuzzy PID decoupling control module;
the method comprises the following steps that a feed screw conveying device conveys a carbonized material to an inlet of an activation furnace from a bin, the feeding speed is subjected to frequency conversion adjustment through a temperature control system, so that the temperature in the activation furnace is controlled, the carbonized material is moved to the tail of the activation furnace from the inlet of the activation furnace through a kiln body in the furnace in a rotating mode through a rotary kiln device of the activation furnace, steam is introduced to carry out pore-forming reaction in the process, and meanwhile a rotating speed sensor, a temperature transmitter, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor are adopted to respectively collect the rotating speed of the activation furnace, the temperature in the activation furnace, the oxygen content in the activation furnace and the negative pressure in the activation furnace; the acquired data are respectively transmitted to a fuzzy PID decoupling control module, and the fuzzy PID decoupling control module outputs the final control quantity of the temperature control system, the final control quantity of the oxygen content control system, the final control quantity of the negative pressure control system and the final control quantity of the speed control system, so that the regulation of the rotating speed of the activation furnace, the temperature in the activation furnace, the negative pressure and the oxygen content in the activation process is realized; and after the carbonized material enters the tail end of the activation furnace, outputting the finished activated carbon by the activation furnace.
2. The activation furnace control system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control system adopts a feeding screw conveyor, the speed control system adopts a driving motor, the negative pressure control system adopts an induced draft fan, and the oxygen content control system adopts a distributing fan.
3. The activation furnace control system according to claim 2, wherein flue gas generated by the activation reaction in the activation furnace is extracted into the waste heat boiler by an induced draft fan for recycling.
4. A control method of an activation furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the temperature, the oxygen content, the negative pressure and the rotating speed of the activation furnace in real time;
step 2: according to the data collected in the step 1, calculating by adopting a method combining a fuzzy PID algorithm and decoupling to obtain the final control quantity of the temperature control system, the final control quantity of the oxygen content control system, the final control quantity of the negative pressure control system and the final control quantity of the speed control system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: setting the temperature T and the oxygen content O2Setting a four-input four-output control system by taking a set value P of negative pressure and a set value S of the rotating speed of the activation furnace as inputs;
step 2.2: solving by individually adopting a fuzzy PID algorithm for each channel of the control system in the step 2.1 to obtain the regulating variable of the temperature control system, the regulating variable of the oxygen content control system, the regulating variable of the negative pressure control system and the regulating variable of the activation furnace rotating speed control system;
step 2.3: taking a channel related to the rotation speed of the activation furnace in the four-input four-output control system as an independent channel, and taking the regulating quantity of the rotation speed control system of the activation furnace obtained by calculation in the step 2.2 as the final regulating quantity of the rotation speed control system of the activation furnace;
step 2.4: decoupling calculation is carried out on the rest three channels in the four-input four-output control system to obtain a feedforward compensation function W of the temperature1(S), oxygen contentFeedforward compensation function W2(S) and negative pressure feedforward compensation function W3(S)；
Step 2.5: according to the adjustment amount of 2.2 temperature control system and W1(S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the temperature control system, and controlling the regulating quantity of the system and W according to the oxygen content2(S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system, and controlling the regulating quantity of the system according to the negative pressure and the W3And (S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system.
5. The activation furnace control method according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the four-input four-output control system in step 2.1 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003477592070000021
wherein M is1，M2，M3，M4Are all outputs of a four-input four-output control system, G11(s)，G22(s)，G33(s)，G44(s)，G12(s)，G23(s)，G32(s) are transfer functions.
6. A method of activating a furnace according to claim 5, wherein the expression of the remaining three-channel system in step 2.4 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003477592070000022
identifying models of G11(S), G12(S), G22(S), G23(S), G32(S) and G33(S) by fitting, thereby obtaining a characteristic equation of each transfer function;
feedforward compensation function W of temperature obtained after decoupling1(S), feed forward compensation function W of oxygen content2(S) and negative pressure feedforward compensation function W3The expression of (S) is as follows:
W1(s)＝[1 0 0]
Figure FDA0003477592070000023
Figure FDA0003477592070000024
wherein A ═ G11(s)G22(s)G33(s)-G11(s)G23(s)G32(s)。
7. The activation furnace control method according to claim 4, wherein the fuzzy language in the fuzzy PID control algorithm in the step 2.2 is deviation E, deviation ratio EC, and ratio KpIntegral KiDifferential Kd(ii) a The fuzzy subset is { ZO, NS, NL, NM, NH, NB }, and the quantization level is { -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
fuzzy rule in KpThe change in membership is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Figure FDA0003477592070000031
Fuzzy rule of KiThe table of membership changes is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure FDA0003477592070000032
Fuzzy rule in KdThe membership degree change table is shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
Figure FDA0003477592070000041
The membership function in the fuzzy PID control algorithm adopts a triangular membership function.
8. The activation furnace control method according to claim 4, wherein in step 2.5: 2.2 the adjustment of the temperature control system and W1(S) adding the final regulating quantity of the temperature control system, and adding the regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system to W2(S) adding the final regulating quantity of the oxygen content control system, and adding the regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system to W3And (S) obtaining the final regulating quantity of the negative pressure control system.
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