CN114509371B - Experimental device and experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007646 directional migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置，其特征在于，包括：密闭容器，为顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，容器的敞开的侧面为敞开侧面；风扇，放置于密闭容器外部，并位于敞开侧面的侧向上；蓄水槽，安装于密闭容器的底部；超声雾化器，放置于蓄水槽的水中；定时开关，与超声雾化器相连接，用于控制超声雾化器的开启和关闭；试样框架，设置在敞开侧面上，用于放置试样；活动盖板，覆盖密闭容器的顶面；试样为水泥石试块，由多个方形的水泥石小试块拼装而成。本发明提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法，其特征在于：利用上述实验装置进行水泥石中离子定向扩散实验。
The invention provides an experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone, which is characterized in that it includes: a closed container, which is a cube with a top surface and an open side, and the open side of the container is an open side; a fan, which is placed in the closed container Externally, and located sideways to the open side; a water tank, installed at the bottom of the closed container; an ultrasonic atomizer, placed in the water in the water tank; a timer switch, connected to the ultrasonic atomizer, for controlling the ultrasonic atomizer opening and closing; the sample frame is set on the open side for placing the sample; the movable cover plate covers the top surface of the closed container; the sample is a cement stone test block, which is composed of multiple small square cement stone test blocks Assembled. The invention provides an experimental method for the directional diffusion of ions in cement stone, which is characterized in that the above experimental device is used to conduct the ion directional diffusion experiment in cement stone.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于水泥装饰领域，具体涉及一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置及实验方法。The invention belongs to the field of cement decoration, and specifically relates to an experimental device and experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone.
背景技术Background technique
水泥基装饰材料对外观要求较高，但硅酸盐水泥硬化后会发生泛霜现象，这显著影响了该类产品的装饰效果，尤其对彩色制品的外观影响更严重。水泥的泛霜产物主要来自水泥石中的钙离子和其他碱性离子，其随着水泥装饰制品所处环境的干湿条件变化，逐渐迁移至产品的装饰表面，经碳化后形成白色碳酸盐，影响产品的外观。如果能够将泛霜产物离子定向地诱导、迁移到产品的背面，从而阻止其向装饰面层迁移，则可有效解决该问题。但是，由于上述离子迁移的过程较慢，对其进行抗泛霜技术研究具有周期较长的问题。因此，加快泛霜离子迁移的过程，提高抗泛霜技术研究效率，是迫切需要解决的问题。Cement-based decorative materials have high requirements for appearance, but Portland cement will cause frosting after hardening, which significantly affects the decorative effect of such products, especially the appearance of colored products. The frosting product of cement mainly comes from calcium ions and other alkaline ions in the cement stone. As the dry and wet conditions of the environment in which the cement decorative products are located change, they gradually migrate to the decorative surface of the product and form white carbonate after carbonization. , affecting the appearance of the product. This problem can be effectively solved if the frost product ions can be directed and induced to migrate to the back of the product to prevent them from migrating to the decorative surface. However, due to the slow migration process of the above-mentioned ions, the research on anti-frost technology has a long period of time. Therefore, accelerating the process of frost ion migration and improving the research efficiency of anti-frost technology are issues that urgently need to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了解决上述问题而进行的，目的在于提供一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置及实验方法。为此，本发明提供以下技术方案：The present invention is carried out to solve the above problems, and aims to provide an experimental device and experimental method for ion directional diffusion in cement stone. To this end, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置，其特征在于，包括：容器，为顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，容器的敞开的侧面为敞开侧面；风扇，放置于容器外部，并位于敞开侧面的侧向上；蓄水槽，安装于容器的底部；超声雾化器，放置于蓄水槽的水中；定时开关，与超声雾化器相连接，用于控制超声雾化器的开启和关闭；试样框架，设置在敞开侧面上，用于放置试样；活动盖板，覆盖容器的顶面；试样为水泥石试块，由多个方形的水泥石小试块拼装而成。The invention provides an experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone, which is characterized in that it includes: a container, which is a cube with a top surface and an open side, and the open side of the container is an open side; a fan, which is placed outside the container, And is located sideways on the open side; the water tank is installed at the bottom of the container; the ultrasonic atomizer is placed in the water in the water tank; the timer switch is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer and is used to control the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizer. Closed; the sample frame is set on the open side for placing the sample; the movable cover plate covers the top surface of the container; the sample is a cement stone test block, which is assembled from multiple small square cement stone test blocks.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，试样框架内衬于敞开侧面的开口处，并与容器的内壁粘结成一体，试样框架的底边高于蓄水槽中的水位。The experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention can also have the following features: wherein the sample frame is lined with the opening on the open side and bonded to the inner wall of the container as a whole, and the sample frame The bottom edge is higher than the water level in the reservoir.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，容器采用防水板材制成，防水板材包括塑料板以及有机玻璃板，试样框架采用挤塑泡沫塑料板制成，活动盖板采用玻璃板或透明有机玻璃板制成。The experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention can also have the following features: the container is made of waterproof plates, the waterproof plates include plastic plates and organic glass plates, and the sample frame is made of extruded foam plastic. The movable cover is made of glass plate or transparent organic glass plate.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，挤塑泡沫塑料板厚度为40mm。The experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: the thickness of the extruded foam plastic board is 40 mm.
本发明提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法，其特征在于：使用上述任意一项的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置进行水泥石中离子定向扩散实验。The present invention provides an experimental method for ion directional diffusion in cement stone, which is characterized in that: any one of the above experimental devices for ion directional diffusion in cement stone is used to conduct the ion directional diffusion experiment in cement stone.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法中，还可以具有的特征在于，包括以下步骤：其中，步骤1，将多个水泥石小试块拼装成长方形结构，得到水泥石试块，将水泥石试块安装在试样框架上；步骤2，在蓄水槽中注水，将超声雾化器放置在水中，并将超声雾化器的电源线从容器的顶面引出，盖上活动盖板；步骤3，调节定时开关，使超声雾化器每间隔一定时间开启和关闭，在容器中形成水雾；步骤4，打开风扇并调节好风速，使风向紧贴水泥石试块的外表面并与外表面平行，由此水泥石中离子定向扩散实验开始进行。The experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention may also be characterized by including the following steps: Step 1: Assemble a plurality of small cement stone test blocks into a rectangular structure to obtain a cement stone test block. , install the cement stone test block on the specimen frame; step 2, fill the water tank with water, place the ultrasonic atomizer in the water, and lead the power cord of the ultrasonic atomizer from the top surface of the container, cover the mobile cover; step 3, adjust the timer switch so that the ultrasonic atomizer is turned on and off at certain intervals to form water mist in the container; step 4, turn on the fan and adjust the wind speed so that the wind direction is close to the outside of the cement stone test block The surface is parallel to the outer surface, from which the ion directional diffusion experiment in cement stone begins.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，步骤1中，水泥石试块的外边尺寸与试样框架的内框尺寸一致，或水泥石试块的外边尺寸小于试样框架的内框尺寸，并且水泥石试块与试样框架的内框之间的间隙通过防水填充物进行填充并涂胶密封，水泥石小试块彼此之间以及与试样框架的内框之间，均通过粘合剂进行粘结、密封。The experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention may also have the following features: in step 1, the outer size of the cement stone test block is consistent with the inner frame size of the sample frame, or the cement stone test block The outer size of the block is smaller than the inner frame size of the sample frame, and the gap between the cement stone test block and the inner frame of the sample frame is filled with waterproof filler and sealed with glue. The small cement stone test blocks are between each other and with each other. The inner frames of the specimen frame are bonded and sealed with adhesive.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，容器内部的长、宽、高比例为5:5:6，试块框架的内部的长、宽、高分别为5:1:5。In the experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the length, width, and height ratio inside the container are 5:5:6, and the length, width inside the test block frame are , height are 5:1:5 respectively.
在本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，容器的内部的长、宽、高分别为250mm、250mm和300mm，试块框架的内部的长、宽、高分别为200mm、40mm和200mm。In the experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the internal length, width and height of the container are 250mm, 250mm and 300mm respectively, and the internal length, width and height of the test block frame are The width and height are 200mm, 40mm and 200mm respectively.
发明的作用与效果The function and effect of the invention
本发明提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置，其特征在于，包括：容器，为顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，容器的敞开的侧面为敞开侧面；风扇，放置于容器外部，并位于敞开侧面的侧向上；蓄水槽，安装于容器的底部；超声雾化器，放置于蓄水槽的水中；定时开关，与超声雾化器相连接，用于控制超声雾化器的开启和关闭；试样框架，设置在敞开侧面上，用于放置试样；活动盖板，覆盖容器的顶面；试样为水泥石试块，由多个方形的水泥石小试块拼装而成。本发明提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置可以有计划地诱导水泥石中的自由离子定向迁移，解决离子迁移的过程较慢、对其进行抗泛霜技术的研究周期较长的问题，可以大幅度提高研究效率。The invention provides an experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone, which is characterized in that it includes: a container, which is a cube with a top surface and an open side, and the open side of the container is an open side; a fan, which is placed outside the container, And is located sideways on the open side; the water tank is installed at the bottom of the container; the ultrasonic atomizer is placed in the water in the water tank; the timer switch is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer and is used to control the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizer. Closed; the sample frame is set on the open side for placing the sample; the movable cover plate covers the top surface of the container; the sample is a cement stone test block, which is assembled from multiple small square cement stone test blocks. The experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone provided by the present invention can induce the directional migration of free ions in cement stone in a planned manner, solving the problems of slow ion migration process and long research period for anti-frost technology. Research efficiency can be greatly improved.
本发明提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法，使用上述任意一项的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置进行水泥石中离子定向扩散实验，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：步骤1，将多个水泥石小试块拼装成长方形结构，得到水泥石试块，将水泥石试块安装在试样框架上；步骤2，在蓄水槽中注水，将超声雾化器放置在水中，并将超声雾化器的电源线从容器的顶面引出，盖上活动盖板；步骤3，调节定时开关，使超声雾化器每间隔一定时间开启和关闭，在容器中形成水雾；步骤4，打开风扇并调节好风速，使风向紧贴水泥石试块的外表面并与外表面平行，由此水泥石中离子定向扩散实验开始进行，可以保持水泥石试块的一侧始终维持高湿环境，而试块另一侧暴露在外，在试块暴露在外的侧面的侧向设置的风扇可以使试块该侧面保持风干状态，从而在水泥石试块两侧的形成湿度差环境，有计划地诱导水泥石中的自由离子定向迁移，加快离子迁移的过程，提高抗泛霜技术的研究效率。The invention provides an experimental method for the directional diffusion of ions in cement stone. The experiment of ion directional diffusion in cement stone is carried out using any of the above experimental devices for ion directional diffusion in cement stone. It is characterized in that it includes the following steps: Step 1 , assemble multiple small cement stone test blocks into a rectangular structure to obtain a cement stone test block, and install the cement stone test block on the sample frame; step 2, fill the water tank with water, and place the ultrasonic atomizer in the water. And lead the power cord of the ultrasonic atomizer from the top surface of the container, and cover it with the movable cover; Step 3, adjust the timer switch so that the ultrasonic atomizer turns on and off at certain intervals to form water mist in the container; Step 3 4. Turn on the fan and adjust the wind speed so that the wind direction is close to the outer surface of the cement stone test block and parallel to the outer surface. From this point on, the ion directional diffusion experiment in the cement stone begins, and one side of the cement stone test block can always maintain a high temperature. In a humid environment, while the other side of the test block is exposed, a fan installed laterally on the exposed side of the test block can keep the side of the test block in an air-dry state, thus forming a humidity difference environment on both sides of the cement stone test block. Planfully induce the directional migration of free ions in cement stone, accelerate the ion migration process, and improve the research efficiency of anti-frost technology.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的实施例一中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置的立体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是本发明的实施例一中容器与试块框架的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the container and test block frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明的实施例一中的水泥石试块的拼装示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of cement stone test blocks in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4是本发明的实施例二中的水泥石试块的拼装示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of cement stone test blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，以下实施例结合附图对本水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置及实验方法作具体阐述。In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following examples are combined with the accompanying drawings to specifically describe the experimental device and experimental method of ion directional diffusion in the cement stone.
<实施例1><Example 1>
图1是本发明的实施例中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置的立体结构示意图；图2是本发明的实施例中容器与试块框架结构示意图；图3是本发明的实施例一中的水泥石试块的拼装示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a container and test block frame in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of a container and a test block in the first embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the assembly of cement stone test blocks.
如图1～3所示，本实施例提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置及实验方法。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this embodiment provides an experimental device and experimental method for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone.
本实施例中，水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置11包括：风扇1、容器2、超声雾化器3、试样框架4、活动盖板5、定时开关6、蓄水槽7、水泥石试块9。In this embodiment, the experimental device 11 for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone includes: fan 1, container 2, ultrasonic atomizer 3, sample frame 4, movable cover 5, timer switch 6, water tank 7, cement stone test Block 9.
其中，容器2为顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，采用防水板材制成，防水板材包括塑料板以及有机玻璃板，容器2的敞开的侧面为敞开侧面12。本实施例中，容器2的内部的长、宽、高分别为250mm、250mm和300mm。Among them, the container 2 is a cube with a top surface and an open side, and is made of waterproof plates. The waterproof plates include plastic plates and organic glass plates. The open side of the container 2 is the open side 12 . In this embodiment, the internal length, width and height of the container 2 are 250mm, 250mm and 300mm respectively.
风扇1放置于容器2外部，并位于容器2的敞开侧面12的侧向上。活动盖板5，放置在容器3的顶面，用于覆盖容器3的顶面，在需要的时候可以将活动盖板5从容器3的顶面取下。活动盖板5采用玻璃板或透明有机玻璃板制成。The fan 1 is placed outside the container 2 and positioned laterally to the open side 12 of the container 2 . The movable cover 5 is placed on the top surface of the container 3 and is used to cover the top surface of the container 3. The movable cover 5 can be removed from the top surface of the container 3 when needed. The movable cover 5 is made of glass plate or transparent organic glass plate.
蓄水槽7，安装于容器2的底部。超声雾化器3，放置于蓄水槽7的水中，定时开关6，与超声雾化器3相连接，用于控制超声雾化器3的开启和关闭，超声雾化器3开启时，用于喷出水雾。The water storage tank 7 is installed at the bottom of the container 2 . The ultrasonic atomizer 3 is placed in the water in the water reservoir 7. The timer switch 6 is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer 3 and is used to control the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizer 3. When the ultrasonic atomizer 3 is turned on, it is used to Spray out water mist.
试样框架4，设置在容器2的敞开侧面12上，用于放置试样。试样框架4采用挤塑泡沫塑料板制成，挤塑泡沫塑料板厚度为40mm。试样框架4内衬于容器2的敞开侧面12的开口处，并与容器2的内壁粘结成一体，试样框架4的底边高于蓄水槽7中的水位。本实施例中，试块框架4的内部的长、宽、高分别为200mm、40mm和200mm。The sample frame 4 is provided on the open side 12 of the container 2 for placing samples. The sample frame 4 is made of extruded foam plastic board, and the thickness of the extruded foam plastic board is 40mm. The sample frame 4 is lined with the opening of the open side 12 of the container 2 and is bonded integrally with the inner wall of the container 2 . The bottom edge of the sample frame 4 is higher than the water level in the water reservoir 7 . In this embodiment, the internal length, width and height of the test block frame 4 are 200mm, 40mm and 200mm respectively.
试样为水泥石试块9，为由多个方形的水泥石小试块拼装而成的长方形结构，并且水泥石试块9的外边尺寸与试样框架4的内框尺寸一致。本实施例中，取25块尺寸为40mm×40mm×40mm的立方体的水泥石小试块，用白乳胶涂抹各水泥石小试块之间的界面后将其拼装在一起，拼接成如图3所示的形状，得到水泥石试块9。对水泥石试块9四周涂抹白乳胶，然后将水泥石试块9镶嵌于试块框架4中，使水泥石试块9与试块框架4密封连接在一起。The sample is a cement stone test block 9, which is a rectangular structure assembled from a plurality of small square cement stone test blocks, and the outer size of the cement stone test block 9 is consistent with the inner frame size of the sample frame 4. In this embodiment, 25 small cement stone test blocks with a size of 40 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm are taken, and the interfaces between the small cement stone test blocks are coated with white latex and then assembled together, as shown in Figure 3 In the shape shown, cement stone test block 9 is obtained. Apply white latex around the cement stone test block 9, and then set the cement stone test block 9 in the test block frame 4 so that the cement stone test block 9 and the test block frame 4 are sealed together.
本实施例中，组装水泥石中离子定向扩散实验装置的具体步骤为：先制作一个顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，作为容器2；再将风扇1放置于容器2外部，设置于容器2的敞开侧面12的侧向上；将蓄水槽7安装于容器2的底部；将超声雾化器3放置于蓄水槽7的水中；定时开关6与超声雾化器3相连接，控制超声雾化器3的开启和关闭；将试样框架4设置在容器2的一个侧面上；用活动盖板5覆盖容器2的顶面。本实施例中，容器2采用4块有机玻璃板，将其边楞相互粘结，制作成一个如图2所示的、顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，并使其内部的长、宽、高分别为250mm、250mm和300mm；从一张厚度为40mm的挤塑泡沫塑料板中，裁剪出一定宽度和长度的长条，内衬于上述容器2的敞开侧面12的开口处，并与容器2的内壁粘结成一体，作为试块框架4，并使试块框架4的内框长、宽、高分别为200mm、40mm和200mm。In this embodiment, the specific steps for assembling the ion directional diffusion experimental device in cement stone are as follows: first make a cube with an open top surface and an open side as the container 2; then place the fan 1 outside the container 2 and set it on the outside of the container 2. The side of the open side 12 is upward; install the water tank 7 at the bottom of the container 2; place the ultrasonic atomizer 3 in the water in the water tank 7; connect the timer switch 6 to the ultrasonic atomizer 3 to control the ultrasonic atomizer 3 open and close; set the sample frame 4 on one side of the container 2; cover the top surface of the container 2 with the movable cover 5. In this embodiment, the container 2 uses four plexiglass plates, and the edges are bonded to each other to make a cube with an open top surface and one side as shown in Figure 2, and its internal length, width, and The heights are 250mm, 250mm and 300mm respectively; cut out a strip of a certain width and length from an extruded foam board with a thickness of 40mm, and line it with the opening of the open side 12 of the above-mentioned container 2, and with the container The inner walls of 2 are bonded together as a test block frame 4, and the length, width and height of the inner frame of the test block frame 4 are 200mm, 40mm and 200mm respectively.
本实施例中，水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法包括，使用上述水泥石中离子定向扩散实验装置11进行实验，具体包括以下步骤：In this embodiment, the experimental method for ion directional diffusion in cement stone includes using the above-mentioned ion directional diffusion experimental device 11 in cement stone to conduct the experiment, which specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1，将多个方形水泥石小试块拼装成长方形结构，得到水泥石试块9，使水泥石试块9的外边尺寸与试样框架4的内框尺寸一致，将水泥石试块9安装在试样框架4上；本实施例中，取25块尺寸为40mm×40mm×40mm的立方体的水泥石小试块，用白乳胶涂抹各水泥石小试块之间的界面后将其拼装在一起，拼接成如图3所示的形状，得到水泥石试块9。对水泥石试块9四周涂抹白乳胶，然后将水泥石试块9镶嵌于试块框架4中，使水泥石试块9与试块框架4密封连接在一起。Step 1: Assemble a plurality of small square cement stone test blocks into a rectangular structure to obtain the cement stone test block 9. Make the outer size of the cement stone test block 9 consistent with the inner frame size of the sample frame 4. Put the cement stone test block 9 into a rectangular structure. Installed on the sample frame 4; in this embodiment, take 25 small cement stone test blocks with a size of 40mm×40mm×40mm, smear the interface between each small cement stone test block with white latex, and then assemble them Together, they are spliced into a shape as shown in Figure 3 to obtain cement stone test block 9. Apply white latex around the cement stone test block 9, and then set the cement stone test block 9 in the test block frame 4 so that the cement stone test block 9 and the test block frame 4 are sealed together.
步骤2，在蓄水槽7中注水，将超声雾化器3放置在水中，并将超声雾化器3的电源线从容器2的顶面引出，盖上活动盖板5，由此，容器2、活动盖板5、试块框架4与水泥石试块9构成密闭容器。Step 2: Fill the water reservoir 7 with water, place the ultrasonic atomizer 3 in the water, lead the power cord of the ultrasonic atomizer 3 from the top surface of the container 2, and cover the movable cover 5. Thus, the container 2 , the movable cover plate 5, the test block frame 4 and the cement stone test block 9 form a closed container.
步骤3，调节定时开关6，使超声雾化器3每间隔一定时间开启和关闭，在容器2中形成水雾。Step 3: Adjust the timer switch 6 so that the ultrasonic atomizer 3 is turned on and off at certain intervals to form water mist in the container 2.
步骤4，打开风扇1并调节好风速，使风向紧贴水泥石试块9的外表面并与外表面平行，由此水泥石中离子定向扩散实验可以开始进行。Step 4: Turn on the fan 1 and adjust the wind speed so that the wind direction is close to the outer surface of the cement stone test block 9 and parallel to the outer surface. From this, the ion directional diffusion experiment in the cement stone can be started.
<实施例2><Example 2>
本实施例提供了一种水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置及实验方法。This embodiment provides an experimental device and experimental method for ion directional diffusion in cement stone.
本实施例中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置，与实施例1中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置11的不同之处在于，试样的拼装方式不同。图4是本发明的实施例二中的水泥石试块的拼装示意图，如图4所示，本实施例中，将16块尺寸为40mm×40mm×40mm的立方体的水泥石小试块，拼接成如图4所示的形状，用白乳胶涂抹各水泥石小试块之间的界面后将其拼装在一起，得到水泥石试块9。从一张厚度为40mm的挤塑泡沫塑料板中，裁剪出如图4中所示形状的2根长条块10，并采用白乳胶将其与水泥石试块9按图4所示的结构进行粘结，组成水泥石试块9与长条块10的组合体，并使该组合体的外围尺寸达到与试块框架4内框尺寸一致的200mm×40mm。对上述组合体的四周涂抹白乳胶，然后将该组合体镶嵌于试块框架4中，使组合体与试块框架4密封连接在一起。本实施例中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置的其余装置及具体安装步骤，与实施例一中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置的其余装置及具体安装步骤相同，不再赘述。The difference between the experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone in this embodiment and the experimental device 11 for the directional diffusion of ions in cement stone in Example 1 lies in the way of assembling the samples. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of cement stone test blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, 16 small cement stone test blocks with a size of 40mm×40mm×40mm are assembled. into the shape as shown in Figure 4, apply white latex to the interface between the small cement stone test blocks and then assemble them together to obtain the cement stone test block 9. Cut out two long strips 10 of the shape shown in Figure 4 from a 40mm thick extruded foam board, and use white latex to combine them with the cement stone test block 9 according to the structure shown in Figure 4 Bonding is performed to form a combination of the cement stone test block 9 and the strip block 10, and the peripheral size of the combination reaches 200 mm × 40 mm consistent with the inner frame size of the test block frame 4. Apply white latex around the above assembly, and then embed the assembly in the test block frame 4 so that the assembly and the test block frame 4 are sealed together. The remaining devices and specific installation steps of the experimental device for directional diffusion of ions in cement stone in this embodiment are the same as those of the experimental device for directional ion diffusion in cement stone in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
本实施例中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法与实施例一中水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法相同，不再赘述。The experimental method for the directional diffusion of ions in the cement stone in this embodiment is the same as the experimental method for the directional diffusion of ions in the cement stone in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.
实施例的作用与效果Functions and effects of embodiments
根据本实施例所涉及的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置及实验方法，其中，水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置包括：本实施例中，水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置包括：风扇、容器、超声雾化器、试样框架、活动盖板、定时开关、蓄水槽、水泥石试块。其中，容器为顶面和一个侧面敞开的立方体，采用防水板材制成，防水板材包括塑料板以及有机玻璃板，容器的敞开的侧面为敞开侧面。风扇放置于容器外部，并位于敞开侧面的侧向上。活动盖板，覆盖容器的顶面，活动盖板采用玻璃板或透明有机玻璃板制成。蓄水槽，安装于容器的底部。超声雾化器，放置于蓄水槽的水中。定时开关，与超声雾化器相连接，用于控制超声雾化器的开启和关闭。试样框架，设置在容器的敞开侧面上，用于放置试样。试样框架采用挤塑泡沫塑料板制成，挤塑泡沫塑料板厚度为40mm。试样框架内衬于容器的敞开侧面的开口处，并与容器的内壁粘结成一体，试样框架的底边高于蓄水槽中的水位。试样为水泥石试块，为由多个方形的水泥石小试块拼装而成的长方形结构，并且水泥石试块的外边尺寸与试样框架的内框尺寸一致。在本实施例中，水泥石试块被封装在所提供密闭装置的一个侧面，装置内设置的水槽、雾化器以及外部设置的雾化器定时开关，可以保持水泥石试块的一侧始终维持高湿环境，而试块对称的一侧暴露在外，在试块表面侧向设置的风扇可保持试块该侧面的风干状态，从而形成水泥石试块两侧的湿度差环境，进而有计划地诱导水泥石中的自由离子定向迁移。According to the experimental device and experimental method for the directional diffusion of ions in the cement stone involved in this embodiment, the experimental device for the directional diffusion of ions in the cement stone includes: In this embodiment, the experimental device for the directional diffusion of ions in the cement stone includes: a fan , container, ultrasonic atomizer, sample frame, movable cover, time switch, water tank, cement stone test block. Wherein, the container is a cube with a top surface and an open side, and is made of waterproof plates. The waterproof plates include plastic plates and plexiglass plates, and the open side of the container is an open side. The fan is placed outside the container and positioned sideways on the open side. The movable cover covers the top surface of the container and is made of glass plate or transparent plexiglass plate. Water storage tank is installed at the bottom of the container. Ultrasonic atomizer, placed in the water in the reservoir. Timing switch, connected to the ultrasonic atomizer, used to control the opening and closing of the ultrasonic atomizer. A sample frame is provided on the open side of the container for placing the sample. The specimen frame is made of extruded foam plastic board, and the thickness of the extruded foam plastic board is 40mm. The sample frame is lined with the opening on the open side of the container and is bonded to the inner wall of the container. The bottom edge of the sample frame is higher than the water level in the reservoir. The sample is a cement stone test block, which is a rectangular structure assembled from multiple small square cement stone test blocks, and the outer size of the cement stone test block is consistent with the inner frame size of the sample frame. In this embodiment, the cement stone test block is packaged on one side of the closed device provided. The water tank, atomizer and atomizer timing switch provided outside the device can keep one side of the cement stone test block always Maintain a high-humidity environment, while the symmetrical side of the test block is exposed. The fans set sideways on the surface of the test block can keep the side of the test block air-dried, thus forming a humidity difference environment on both sides of the cement stone test block, and then planning Ground-induced directional migration of free ions in cement stone.
本实施例提供的水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验方法使用上述水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验装置进行水泥石中离子定向扩散实验，包括以下步骤：The experimental method for ion directional diffusion in cement stone provided in this embodiment uses the above-mentioned experimental device for ion directional diffusion in cement stone to conduct the ion directional diffusion experiment in cement stone, including the following steps:
步骤1，将多个方形水泥石小试块拼装成长方形结构，得到水泥石试块，使水泥石试块的外边尺寸与试样框架的内框尺寸一致，将水泥石试块安装在试样框架上；步骤2，在蓄水槽中注水，将超声雾化器放置在水中，并将超声雾化器的电源线从容器的顶面引出，盖上活动盖板；步骤3，调节定时开关，使超声雾化器每间隔一定时间开启和关闭，在容器中形成水雾；步骤4，打开风扇并调节好风速，使风向紧贴水泥石试块的外表面并与外表面平行，即开始了水泥石中离子定向扩散的实验测试过程。面向实验装置内侧的水泥石试块侧面模拟了水泥基装饰材料的装饰面，而暴露于实验装置外的水泥石试块侧面则模拟了水泥基装饰材料的背面。通过上述实验方法，可以根据泛霜离子需要借助水溶液从高湿度向低湿度扩散的原理，利用水泥石试块两侧的湿度差环境来控制水泥的主要泛霜产物离子的迁移，可以使水泥石中泛霜离子从装饰面一侧向其背面一侧迁移，有计划地诱导水泥石中的自由离子定向迁移，消除硅酸盐水泥泛霜对装饰层外观的影响，同时加快泛霜离子迁移的过程，提高抗泛霜技术研究效率，解决抗泛霜技术研究周期较长的问题。Step 1. Assemble multiple small square cement stone test blocks into a rectangular structure to obtain a cement stone test block. Make the outer size of the cement stone test block consistent with the inner frame size of the sample frame. Install the cement stone test block on the sample. on the frame; step 2, fill the water tank with water, place the ultrasonic atomizer in the water, lead the power cord of the ultrasonic atomizer from the top surface of the container, and cover the movable cover; step 3, adjust the timer switch, Turn the ultrasonic atomizer on and off at certain intervals to form water mist in the container; step 4, turn on the fan and adjust the wind speed so that the wind direction is close to the outer surface of the cement stone test block and parallel to the outer surface, and that's it. Experimental test process of ion directional diffusion in cement stone. The side of the cement stone test block facing the inside of the experimental device simulates the decorative surface of the cement-based decorative material, while the side of the cement stone test block exposed outside the experimental device simulates the back side of the cement-based decorative material. Through the above experimental method, according to the principle that frost ions need to diffuse from high humidity to low humidity with the help of aqueous solution, the humidity difference environment on both sides of the cement stone test block can be used to control the migration of the main frost product ions of cement, so that the cement stone can be The frost ions migrate from one side of the decorative surface to the back side, inducing the directional migration of free ions in the cement stone in a planned manner, eliminating the impact of Portland cement frost on the appearance of the decorative layer, and accelerating the migration of frost ions at the same time. process, improve the research efficiency of anti-blooming technology, and solve the problem of long research cycle of anti-blooming technology.
此外，本发明的技术方案可以基于挂板式水泥装饰板材的安装结构进行特殊设计来实现：在装饰板材挂板的背后预留空腔，并使整面挂板背后的空腔上下连通，在空腔的最顶端设置通气孔，即可形成挂板式水泥装饰板材背后的“烟囱效应”，利用该效应即可保持板材背后的干燥环境，而暴露在外的装饰面用于室外雨雪的影响会时常处于高湿状态，就可以借助水泥装饰板材外部环境中的湿气来运送泛霜离子向板材背后迁移。In addition, the technical solution of the present invention can be realized based on the special design of the installation structure of the hanging cement decorative board: a cavity is reserved behind the hanging board of the decorative board, and the cavity behind the entire hanging board is connected up and down. A ventilation hole is provided at the top of the cavity to form a "chimney effect" behind the hanging cement decorative board. This effect can be used to maintain a dry environment behind the board, while the exposed decorative surface will often be affected by outdoor rain and snow. In a state of high humidity, the moisture in the external environment of the cement decorative board can be used to transport frost ions to the back of the board.
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