CN114508040A - Large-span T beam and vertical prestress arrangement method thereof - Google Patents

Large-span T beam and vertical prestress arrangement method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114508040A
CN114508040A CN202210288308.5A CN202210288308A CN114508040A CN 114508040 A CN114508040 A CN 114508040A CN 202210288308 A CN202210288308 A CN 202210288308A CN 114508040 A CN114508040 A CN 114508040A
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span
preset
width value
width
vertical
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CN114508040B (en
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李茜
桂水荣
殷胜光
张义博
赵永刚
张志新
樊颖
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Road and Bridge International Co Ltd
China Communication North Road and Bridge Co Ltd
CCCC Urban Construction Sichuan Co Ltd
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Road and Bridge International Co Ltd
China Communication North Road and Bridge Co Ltd
CCCC Urban Construction Sichuan Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24Concrete
    • E01D2101/26Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/28Concrete reinforced prestressed

Abstract

The application provides a large-span T beam and a vertical prestress arrangement method thereof, wherein the large-span T beam comprises a wing plate and a web plate which are integrally formed, and the cross section of the large-span T beam is T-shaped; the two ends of the large-span T beam are provided with vertical prestressed parts, each vertical prestressed part is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate; the width of the vertical prestress part is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the large-span T-shaped beam; when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with the double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, and the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value. The torsion resistance and the shear resistance of the long-span T beam in the transportation stage and the operation stage are improved, the cracking probability of the end web is reduced, and the safety of the long-span T beam is improved.

Description

Large-span T beam and vertical prestress arrangement method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of bridges, in particular to a long-span T beam and a vertical prestress arrangement method thereof.
Background
Under the requirement of a specific environment or crossing obstacles, the bridge needs to be developed to a larger span, and the stress of the bridge structure is more complicated along with the increase of the span, so that a beam with a cross section of more than 50m in a T shape (namely, a large-span T beam) is required to meet the requirement of rapid construction and construction of the bridge under the specific environment.
The traditional prefabricated T-beam is mainly used for constructing small and medium span beam bridges with spans between 20 and 30m, and has formed a standard structural design, however, the structural form and the prestressed beam arrangement mode of the traditional prefabricated T-beam are used for the large span T-beam, and the web of the T-beam close to the support position is easy to generate a shear-bending inclined crack because the traditional T-beam is not provided with vertical prestress.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a large-span T beam and a vertical prestress arrangement method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problem that the traditional prefabricated T beam is insufficient in stress when being used for a large-span bridge.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a large-span T-beam comprising a wing plate and a web; the wing plate and the web plate are integrally formed, and the cross section of the wing plate and the web plate is T-shaped; the both ends of long span T roof beam are equipped with vertical prestressing force portion, vertical prestressing force portion is set up to:
the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate;
the width of the vertical prestressed portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam;
when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the vertical pre-stress portion is further configured to:
and when the width of the cross section of the web plate does not accord with the double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with a single row of finish rolling threaded steel bars.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation, the longitudinal section width of the web increases from the middle of the web to both ends of the web.
With reference to the first aspect, in an implementation manner, the bottom of the web is provided with a horseshoe; the width of the horseshoe decreases from the middle of the web plate to the two ends of the web plate.
With reference to the first aspect, in an implementation manner, a support is arranged below the long-span T beam; the support is arranged at the bottoms of two ends of the large-span T beam, namely below the vertical prestress part.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation, the finish-rolled rebar penetrates through the wing plate and the web and includes: and the finish rolling twisted steel exceeds the outer surface of the wing plate by a preset height.
With reference to the first aspect, in an implementation manner, the determining, by the preset first width value and the preset second width value, according to the height of the long-span T-beam includes:
the preset first width value is one third of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam;
the preset second width value is one half of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam.
In a second aspect, some embodiments of the present application provide a vertical prestress arrangement method for a long-span T-beam, which is applied to the long-span T-beam in the first aspect, where the vertical prestress arrangement method includes the following steps:
determining a vertical prestressed part of the large-span T beam, wherein the vertical prestressed part is positioned at two ends of the large-span T beam and is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate;
the width of the vertical prestressed portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam;
when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value.
With reference to the second aspect, in one implementation manner, the vertical prestress arranging method further includes:
and when the width of the cross section of the web plate does not accord with the double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with a single row of finish rolling threaded steel bars.
With reference to the second aspect, in an implementation manner, the determining, by the preset first width value and the preset second width value, according to the height of the long-span T-beam includes:
the preset first width value is one third of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam;
the preset second width value is one half of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides the large-span T beam and the vertical prestress arrangement method thereof, wherein the large-span T beam comprises the wing plates and the web plates; the wing plate and the web plate are integrally formed, and the cross section of the wing plate and the web plate is T-shaped; the both ends of long span T roof beam are equipped with vertical prestressing force portion, vertical prestressing force portion is set up to: the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate; the width of the vertical prestressed portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam; when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value. This application makes T roof beam structure can improve at the antitorque of transportation stage and operation stage, shear resistance, reduces tip web fracture probability, reduces the stirrup quantity of T beam end portion simultaneously, and convenient construction improves the security of long span T roof beam.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of a long-span T beam according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a partial structure view of a long-span T-beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a large-span T-shaped beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a vertical prestressed portion is provided with two rows of finish-rolled twisted steel bars;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a large-span T-beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a vertical prestressed portion is provided with a single row of finish-rolled twisted steel bars;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view taken at A of FIG. 2 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a vertical prestress arrangement method of a long-span T-beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
wherein: 10-wing plate; 20-a web; 21-horse hoof; 30-a vertical pre-stress section; 31-finish rolling the twisted steel; 32-an anchor; 40-support.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Based on the structural style of the traditional prefabricated T beam and the prestress arrangement method, the large-span T beam is designed to increase the material consumption, and the web of the T beam close to the support position is easy to have a shear crack due to the fact that the traditional T beam is not provided with vertical prestress. In order to improve the stress performance of the long-span T beam in the construction stage and the use stage and realize the stress safety of the structure, the application provides the long-span T beam.
The long-span T-shaped beam in the application refers to a beam with a T-shaped cross section, wherein the span of the beam exceeds more than 50 m.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the embodiment of the present application provides a large-span T-beam, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a wing plate 10 and a web plate 20; the wing plate 10 and the web plate 20 are integrally formed, and the cross section is T-shaped. The two ends of the long-span T beam are provided with vertical prestress parts 30, and the vertical prestress parts 30 are set as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the vertical prestressed portion 30 has a plurality of finish-rolled reinforcing bars 31, and each finish-rolled reinforcing bar 31 penetrates the wing plate 10 and the web 20.
In some real-time aspects, the finish-rolled rebar 31 may be a standard finish-rolled rebar 31.
The width w of the vertical prestress portion 30 is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height H of the large-span T-shaped beam.
The preset first width value is one third of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam; the preset second width value is one half of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam. As shown in fig. 2, when the height of the large-span T-beam is H, the preset first width value is
Figure BDA0003559163810000041
The preset second width value is
Figure BDA0003559163810000042
When the width of the cross section of the web 20 meets the double row layout condition, as shown in fig. 3, the vertical prestressed portion 30 is provided with double rows of finish-rolled twisted steel 31, each row having a plurality of finish-rolled twisted steel; the double-row layout condition is that the thickness m of the protective layer of the finish-rolled twisted steel 31 is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance n between the finish-rolled twisted steel 31 is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value.
When the width of the cross section of the web 20 does not meet the double row layout condition, as shown in fig. 4, the vertical prestressed portion 30 is provided with a single row of finish-rolled rebars 31 and has a plurality of finish-rolled rebars.
In one embodiment, the predetermined first thickness value is equal to the predetermined second thickness value and is 30cm, that is, when the thickness of the protective layer of the finish-rolled rebar 31 is greater than or equal to 30cm and the distance between the finish-rolled rebar 31 is greater than or equal to 30cm, the vertical pre-stress portion 30 is provided with two rows of finish-rolled rebar 31, otherwise, the vertical pre-stress portion 30 is provided with a single row of finish-rolled rebar 31.
The longitudinal cross-sectional width of the web 20 increases from the middle of the web 20 to both ends of the web 20.
The bottom of the web plate 20 is provided with a horseshoe 21; the width of the horseshoe 21 decreases from the middle of the web 20 to the two ends of the web 20.
A support 40 is arranged below the large-span T beam; the support 40 is arranged at the bottoms of two ends of the large-span T beam, namely below the vertical prestress part 30, and the support is placed below the large-span T beam in the erection construction process of the large-span T beam.
The finish rolling twisted steel 31 penetrates through the wing plate 10 and the web plate 20, as shown in fig. 5, the finish rolling twisted steel 31 exceeds the preset height h of the outer surface of the wing plate 10, the finish rolling twisted steel 31 is fixed through an anchorage device 32, and the anchorage device 32 plays a role in fixing after tensioning.
The prefabricated T roof beam of tradition can be equipped with the stirrup at T roof beam both ends, and this application sets up finish rolling twisted steel through the vertical prestressing portion at T roof beam both ends, can cancel or reduce the stirrup quantity at T roof beam both ends. The construction is convenient to realize, and the safety of the long-span T beam is improved.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides the large-span T beam which comprises wing plates and web plates; the wing plate and the web plate are integrally formed, and the cross section of the wing plate and the web plate is T-shaped; the both ends of long span T roof beam are equipped with vertical prestressing force portion, vertical prestressing force portion is set up to: the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate; the width of the vertical prestressed portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam; when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value. This application makes T roof beam structure can improve at the antitorque of transportation stage and operation stage, shear resistance, reduces tip web fracture probability, reduces the stirrup quantity of T beam end portion simultaneously, and convenient construction improves the security of long span T roof beam.
Some embodiments of the present application further provide a vertical prestress arrangement method for a long-span T beam, as shown in fig. 6, the vertical prestress arrangement method includes the following steps:
s101, determining a vertical prestress part of the large-span T-shaped beam.
The vertical prestressed part is positioned at two ends of the large-span T beam and is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate;
s102, the width of the vertical prestress portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam.
Wherein, the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T beam, and the method comprises the following steps: the preset first width value is one third of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam; the preset second width value is one half of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam.
S103, when the width of the cross section of the web plate meets the double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars.
The double-row layout condition is that the thickness of the protective layer of the finish-rolled twisted steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish-rolled twisted steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value.
And S104, when the width of the cross section of the web plate does not accord with the double-row layout condition, the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a single row of finish rolling threaded steel bars.
The double row layout condition in step S104 is the same as that in step S103, and when not in agreement, the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a single row of finish-rolled twisted steel.
The vertical prestress arrangement method of the large-span T beam comprises the arrangement position of prestress, the arrangement range of the prestress and the tension of the prestress. The torsion resistance and the shear resistance of the T-shaped beam in the transportation stage and the operation stage are improved, the cracking probability of a web plate at the end part is reduced, the stirrup using amount of the end part of the T-shaped beam is reduced, the construction is convenient, and the safety of the long-span T-shaped beam is improved.
According to the technical scheme, the vertical prestress arrangement method of the large-span T beam is provided, and the large-span T beam comprises wing plates and web plates; the wing plate and the web plate are integrally formed, and the cross section of the wing plate and the web plate is T-shaped; the both ends of long span T roof beam are equipped with vertical prestressing force portion, vertical prestressing force portion is set up to: the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate; the width of the vertical prestressed portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam; when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value. This application makes T roof beam structure can improve at the antitorque of transportation stage and operation stage, shear resistance, reduces tip web fracture probability, reduces the stirrup quantity of T beam end portion simultaneously, and convenient construction improves the security of long span T roof beam.
The above-mentioned contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea presented in the present application falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.
Additionally, the order in which elements and sequences of the processes described herein are processed, the use of alphanumeric characters, or the use of other designations, is not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods described herein, unless explicitly claimed. While various presently contemplated embodiments have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure by way of example, it should be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the embodiments herein. For example, although the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented by software-only solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.
Similarly, it should be noted that in the preceding description of embodiments of the application, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to require more features than are expressly recited in the claims. Indeed, the embodiments may be characterized as having less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
The entire contents of each patent, patent application publication, and other material cited in this application, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, and the like, are hereby incorporated by reference into this application. Except where the application is filed in a manner inconsistent or contrary to the present disclosure, and except where the claim is filed in its broadest scope (whether present or later appended to the application) as well. It is noted that the descriptions, definitions and/or use of terms in this application shall control if they are inconsistent or contrary to the statements and/or uses of the present application in the material attached to this application.

Claims (10)

1. A long-span T-shaped beam is characterized by comprising a wing plate and a web plate; the wing plate and the web plate are integrally formed, and the cross section of the wing plate and the web plate is T-shaped;
the both ends of long span T roof beam are equipped with vertical prestressing force portion, vertical prestressing force portion is set up to:
the vertical prestressed portion is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate;
the width of the vertical pre-stress part is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam;
when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value.
2. A long span T-beam according to claim 1, wherein said vertical prestressing is further arranged to:
and when the width of the cross section of the web plate does not accord with the double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with a single row of finish rolling threaded steel bars.
3. The T-beam with large span according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal section width of said web increases from the middle of said web to the two ends of said web.
4. The long-span T-shaped beam as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the bottom of the web is provided with a horseshoe;
the width of the horseshoe decreases from the middle of the web plate to the two ends of the web plate.
5. The long-span T beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein a support is arranged below the long-span T beam:
the support is arranged at the bottoms of two ends of the large-span T beam, namely below the vertical prestress part.
6. The long-span T-beam of claim 1, wherein said finish-rolled rebar extends through said flanges and said web, comprising:
and the finish rolling twisted steel exceeds the outer surface of the wing plate by a preset height.
7. The long-span T-beam of claim 1, wherein the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-beam, and comprise:
the preset first width value is one third of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam;
the preset second width value is one half of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam.
8. The vertical prestress arrangement method of the long-span T beam is applied to the long-span T beam in any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a vertical prestressed part of the large-span T beam, wherein the vertical prestressed part is positioned at two ends of the large-span T beam and is provided with a plurality of finish-rolled threaded steel bars, and each finish-rolled threaded steel bar penetrates through the wing plate and the web plate;
the width of the vertical prestressed portion is between a preset first width value and a preset second width value, the preset first width value is smaller than the preset second width value, and the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the long-span T-shaped beam;
when the width of the cross section of the web plate accords with a double-row layout condition, the vertical prestress part is provided with double rows of finish rolling threaded steel bars, the double-row layout condition is that the thickness of a protective layer of the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset first thickness value, and the distance between the finish rolling threaded steel bars is larger than or equal to a preset second thickness value.
9. The vertical prestress arranging method of the long-span T-beam according to claim 8, further comprising:
and when the width of the cross section of the web plate does not accord with the double-row layout condition, the vertical pre-stress part is provided with a single row of finish rolling twisted steel.
10. The vertical prestress arrangement method of the large-span T-beam according to claim 8, wherein the preset first width value and the preset second width value are determined according to the height of the large-span T-beam, and the method comprises the following steps:
the preset first width value is one third of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam;
the preset second width value is one half of the height of the large-span T-shaped beam.
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