CN114507892A - Tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy surface treatment, and provides a tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating and a preparation method thereof; according to the invention, the concentration of NaOH and NaF in the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte is adjusted, the discharge process of micro-arc oxidation is controlled, the high-hardness high-porosity coating with a large diameter and a deep hole is obtained, the inherent pores of the high-hardness high-porosity coating provide sufficient accommodation space for lubricating particles, and the sintered and melted PTFE lubricating particles are deep into the pore diameter inside the coating to form a composite structure of the high-hardness wear-resistant micro-arc oxidation coating penetrating through the lubricating layer, so that the coupling strength of the lubricating layer and the micro-arc oxidation coating is greatly improved; in addition, the high-hardness wear-resistant micro-arc oxidation coating is used as an armor to protect the lubricating material, so that the wear speed of the lubricating layer is delayed, and the service life of the lubricating material is prolonged; meanwhile, the lubricating material which is continuously transferred to the contact point of the micro-arc oxidation coating in the friction process is utilized to realize the low friction process, and the contradiction that the lubricating layer is antifriction and not wear-resistant is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy surface treatment, and particularly relates to a tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tantalum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength, low-temperature plasticity and good machinability, and is an important engineering material and functional material which are widely applied to the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering, national defense, aerospace, atomic industry, medical instruments and the like; however, the surface hardness of the tantalum alloy is far lower than that of high-strength steel, the high-temperature oxidation resistance is poor, and when the surface of the tantalum alloy generates friction behavior, the tantalum alloy not only has poor wear resistance, but also has adhesive wear, so that the service life is shortened.
In order to improve the service effect, the tantalum alloy needs to be subjected to surface modification treatment and then put into use. The micro-arc oxidation process mainly depends on matching and adjustment of electrolyte and electric parameters, and a modified ceramic coating mainly comprising matrix metal oxide and auxiliary electrolyte components grows on the surfaces of valve metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and the like and alloys thereof under the action of instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated by arc discharge; the micro-arc oxidation can carry out in-situ ceramic conversion on the tantalum, and the process is simple. At present, a micro-arc oxidation coating prepared on the surface of metal has higher friction coefficient, the inherent brittleness of a ceramic coating enables the coating to be easily worn, and meanwhile, the wear of a dual material is accelerated, so that the micro-arc oxidation coating is not beneficial to long-term use in a wear environment.
The development of the self-lubricating composite coating is one of effective ways for solving the problems; the one-step method for preparing the lubricating coating is to mix graphite and MoS2、WS2The solid particles with lubricating property are directly added into the electrolyte to realize the lubricating property of the micro-arc oxidation coating, but the method is limited by the inherent physical properties of sedimentation, adsorption, agglomeration and the like of the lubricating particles, so that the uniformity of the distribution of the lubricating particles in the micro-arc oxidation coating is not facilitated; meanwhile, the solid particles with low melting point are decomposed at high temperature during micro-arc discharge to form byproducts, which affect the properties of the coating. The lubricating coating prepared by the two-step method is prepared by covering the lubricating particles on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation coating by using methods such as sol-gel, spraying, vacuum infiltration and the like, but the bonding force between the lubricating layer and the coating is weak. In addition, the layered structure characteristic of the lubricating material determines that the lubricating layer on the surface is easy to extrude and wear under the action of pressure, so that the lubricating layer is quickly failed and the service life is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant anti-abrasion composite coating and a preparation method thereof, the invention controls the discharge process of micro-arc oxidation by adjusting the concentration of NaOH and NaF in the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte to obtain a high-hardness high-porosity coating with a large diameter and a deep hole, the inherent pores of the high-hardness high-porosity coating provide sufficient accommodation space for lubricating particles, and sintered and melted PTFE lubricating particles are deep into the pore diameter inside the coating to form a composite structure of the high-hardness wear-resistant micro-arc oxidation coating penetrating through the lubricating layer, so that the coupling strength of the lubricating layer and the micro-arc oxidation coating is greatly improved; in addition, the high-hardness wear-resistant micro-arc oxidation coating is used as an armor to protect the lubricating material, so that the wear speed of the lubricating layer is delayed, and the service life of the lubricating material is prolonged; meanwhile, the lubricating material which is continuously transferred to the contact point of the micro-arc oxidation coating in the friction process is utilized to realize the low friction process, and the contradiction that the lubricating layer is antifriction and not wear-resistant is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating comprises: micro-arc oxidation coating and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating material; the method is characterized in that the micro-arc oxidation coating surface is provided with pores, and the porosity is 10-40%; the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating material is distributed at the pores of the micro-arc oxidation coating in a net structure and is used as a lubricating layer to form a high-coupling composite structure with the micro-arc oxidation coating penetrating through the lubricating layer.
The preparation method of the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant antifriction composite coating comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a porous coating by micro-arc oxidation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, electrolyte preparation: the reagents were weighed according to the following solute concentrations and dissolved in pure water (distilled water) in order: 10-30 g/L of Na2SiO35 to 15g/L of Na3PO41-5 g/L of EDTA, 1-10 g/L of NaF and 1-10 g/L of NaOH, stirring until the solute is completely dissolved to obtain an electrolyte, and transferring the electrolyte into a micro-arc oxidation stainless steel electrolytic cell;
step 1.2 setting electrical parameters: a constant-voltage bipolar working mode is adopted, the voltage is set to be 200-550V, the discharge frequency is 400-1000 Hz, the positive-negative duty ratio is 10-50%, and the oxidation time is 15-30 min;
step 1.3, micro-arc oxidation: controlling the temperature of the electrolyte to be lower than 40 ℃, connecting the pre-cleaned tantalum alloy sample to a conducting rod, immersing the conducting rod into the electrolyte to be used as an anode, and using a stainless steel electrolytic tank as a cathode to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment to obtain the tantalum alloy sample with the porous coating;
step 2, preparing a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating composite coating by a dipping sintering method, which comprises the following steps:
step 2.1 dilution: diluting PTFE dispersion liquid with solid content of 60% and pure water according to the proportion of 3: 1-1: 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30 min to uniformly disperse PTFE particles in the dispersion liquid;
step 2.2 impregnation: soaking the tantalum alloy sample with the porous coating in dispersion liquid at 40-70 ℃, preserving heat for 10-60 min, taking out and naturally drying;
step 2.3, sintering: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in a muffle furnace at 100-200 ℃ for 10-60 min, then raising the temperature to 300-400 ℃, preserving the temperature for 0.5-2 h, and cooling and taking out to obtain the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-resistant composite coating.
Further, in the step 1.1, Na is contained in the electrolyte2SiO3With Na3PO4The concentration ratio of (A) to (B) is 2: 1.
Further, in step 1.3, the micro-arc oxidation treatment is performed in a segmented pressurization manner: the micro-arc oxidation treatment is carried out in a sectional pressurization mode: after the micro-arc oxidation is started, 10V is used as an ascending step, the step is ascended for 1-5 times on the basis of the initial voltage until the target voltage is reached, and the oxidation is carried out for 5-20 min at each voltage.
Further, in the step 2.1, in the process of preparing the self-lubricating composite coating by dipping and sintering, the proportion of the PTFE dispersion liquid with the solid content of 60% to pure water is 2: 1.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating and a preparation method thereof, and the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating has the following advantages:
1) according to the invention, the concentration of NaOH and NaF in the electrolyte is adjusted, so that the prepared micro-arc oxidation coating has high hardness of 1400HV and porosity of 10-40%; the high hardness coating shows excellent wear resistance in the dry friction process; the inherent pores of the micro-arc oxidation provide space for storing lubricating particles, the surface of the high-porosity coating has large fluctuation, and more sufficient accommodating space is provided for the lubricating particles, so that a composite structure that the high-hardness wear-resistant micro-arc oxidation coating penetrates through the PTFE lubricating layer is formed, the reticular PTFE lubricating layer is positioned between the inner layer and the outer layer of the high-hardness wear-resistant micro-arc oxidation coating, and the micro-arc oxidation layer and the lubricating layer form a staggered occlusion state, so that the coupling strength is improved.
2) The dry friction coefficient obtained by the self-lubricating wear-resistant anti-wear composite coating when the load is 10N is about 0.08; increasing the load to 50-60N for carrying out a dry friction experiment, wherein the friction coefficient of the composite coating is about 0.06; in the dry friction process, the protruded high-hardness micro-arc oxidation coating is used as a dry friction contact point, firstly, the dry friction contact point is in frictional wear with WC balls, and in the relative movement process, the lubricated PTFE material is continuously transferred to the contact point to realize the lubrication effect; meanwhile, the high-hardness micro-arc oxidation coating has the function of armor, and provides physical support and accommodation space for the soft PTFE lubricating layer; the larger porosity and micropores deep into the coating provide richer and wider storage positions for the PTFE lubricating material, the coupling strength of the lubricating layer and the coating is increased, the loading capacity of the composite coating is improved under the combined action of the two, and the lubricating life of the composite coating is prolonged.
3) The self-lubricating composite coating prepared by the method is very uniform, has few surface cracks, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, mild reaction conditions and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the surface morphology of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional SEM photograph of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the dry friction coefficient of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5 of the present invention and WC balls under different loads.
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of the wear scar of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating, which has a structure schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from the diagram, the micro-arc oxidation coating (ceramic layer) surface has pores with large diameters and depths, and a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating material is distributed in a net-shaped structure at the pores of the micro-arc oxidation coating and serves as a lubricating layer, so that a high-coupling composite structure with the micro-arc oxidation coating penetrating through the lubricating layer is formed.
The tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating is prepared on a TaW12 tantalum alloy sample by adopting a 50KW bipolar pulse micro-arc oxidation device, and the pre-cleaning of the TaW12 tantalum alloy sample is as follows: a sheet sample of tantalum alloy (TaW12) with the thickness of 20mm multiplied by 22mm multiplied by 2mm is carefully polished by sandpaper with the thicknesses of 320#, 600#, 1000#, and 2000# in sequence to remove cutting marks and oxidation films on the surface and the periphery; sequentially cleaning the substrate in alcohol and distilled water for 10-20 min by using an ultrasonic cleaning instrument to remove stains on the surface; finally, drying the mixture by using cold air for later use; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, preparing a porous coating by micro-arc oxidation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, electrolyte preparation: the reagents were weighed according to the following solute concentrations and dissolved in pure water (distilled water) in order: 10g/L of Na2SiO35g/L of Na3PO42g/L of EDTA, 1g/L of NaF and 2g/L of NaOH, stirring until the solute is completely dissolved to obtain electrolyte, and transferring the electrolyte into a micro-arc oxidation stainless steel electrolytic cell;
step 1.2 setting electrical parameters: adopting a constant-voltage bipolar working mode, setting the discharge frequency to be 800Hz, setting the positive-negative duty ratio to be 20%, and oxidizing for 15min at 400V and then oxidizing for 10min at 410V after arcing;
step 1.3, micro-arc oxidation: controlling the temperature of the electrolyte to be lower than 40 ℃, connecting the pre-cleaned tantalum alloy sample to a conducting rod, immersing the conducting rod into the electrolyte to be used as an anode, and using a stainless steel electrolytic tank as a cathode to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment; washing the sample subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment with distilled water to remove the residual electrolyte on the surface, and drying with cold air to obtain a tantalum alloy sample with a porous coating;
step 2, preparing a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating composite coating by a dipping sintering method, which comprises the following steps:
step 2.1 dilution: diluting PTFE dispersion liquid with solid content of 60% and pure water according to a ratio of 2:1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30 min to uniformly disperse PTFE particles in the dispersion liquid;
step 2.2 impregnation: soaking the tantalum alloy sample with the porous coating in a dispersion liquid at 50 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, taking out and naturally drying;
step 2.3, sintering: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in a muffle furnace at 150 ℃ for 20min, raising the temperature to 350 ℃, preserving the temperature for 1h, cooling and taking out to obtain the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant wear-reducing composite coating.
Example 2
The only difference between this example and example 1 is that: the concentration of NaOH in the electrolyte was 5 g/L.
Example 3
The only difference between this example and example 1 is that: the concentration of NaOH in the electrolyte was 1g/L, NaF and the concentration was 2 g/L.
Example 4
The only difference between this example and example 1 is that: the concentration of NaOH in the electrolyte was 1g/L, NaF and the concentration was 5 g/L.
Example 5
The only difference between this example and example 1 is that: the concentration of NaOH in the electrolyte was 5g/L, NaF, and the concentration was 5 g/L.
The tantalum alloy micro-arc oxidation coating prepared in example 5 has uniform surface pore size, pores on the coating surface are uniformly distributed, and statistics and measurement show that the porosity of the coating is 30% and the hardness is 1400 HV.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, SEM photographs of the surface morphology and the cross section of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5 are obtained, it can be observed from fig. 2 that the PTFE lubricating particles are stored in the pores and depressions of the coating, the exposed coating is not covered by PTFE, and it can be observed from fig. 3 that the PTFE lubricating material is impregnated into the pores inside the coating after dipping and sintering, which is essentially different from the gradual-layer structure of the lubricating particles covered on the surface of the micro-arc oxidized coating in the prior art.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the friction coefficients of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5 and WC balls at different loads are opposite, and it can be seen from the graph that the friction coefficients of the composite coating are all lower than 0.1, and when the applied load is 70N, the friction coefficient of the composite coating is still lower than 0.1 before the composite coating fails, which indicates that the composite coating still has a low friction coefficient at a large load.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, which is an SEM image of the wear scar of the self-lubricating composite coating obtained in example 5, the complete micro-arc oxidation coating structure and the PTFE lubricant stored in the micro-arc oxidation coating micro-pores can be directly observed in the wear scar.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (5)
1. A tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating comprises: micro-arc oxidation coating and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating material; the method is characterized in that the micro-arc oxidation coating surface is provided with pores, and the porosity is 10-40%; the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating material is distributed in the pores of the micro-arc oxidation coating in a net structure and is used as a lubricating layer to form a high-coupling composite structure with the micro-arc oxidation coating penetrating through the lubricating layer.
2. The method for preparing the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a porous coating by micro-arc oxidation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, electrolyte preparation: the reagents were weighed according to the following solute concentrations and dissolved in pure water (distilled water) in order: 10-30 g/L of Na2SiO35 to 15g/L of Na3PO41-5 g/L of EDTA, 1-10 g/L of NaF and 1-10 g/L of NaOH, stirring until the solute is completely dissolved to obtain an electrolyte, and transferring the electrolyte into a micro-arc oxidation stainless steel electrolytic cell;
step 1.2 setting electrical parameters: a constant-voltage bipolar working mode is adopted, the voltage is set to be 200-550V, the discharge frequency is 400-1000 Hz, the positive-negative duty ratio is 10-50%, and the oxidation time is 15-30 min;
step 1.3, micro-arc oxidation: controlling the temperature of the electrolyte to be lower than 40 ℃, connecting the pretreated tantalum alloy sample to a conducting rod, immersing the conducting rod into the electrolyte to be used as an anode, and using a stainless steel electrolytic tank as a cathode to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment to obtain the tantalum alloy sample with the porous coating;
step 2, preparing a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricating composite coating by a dipping sintering method, which comprises the following steps:
step 2.1 dilution: diluting PTFE dispersion liquid with solid content of 60% and pure water according to the proportion of 3: 1-1: 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30 min to uniformly disperse PTFE particles in the dispersion liquid;
step 2.2 impregnation: soaking the tantalum alloy sample with the porous coating in dispersion liquid at 40-70 ℃, preserving heat for 10-60 min, taking out and naturally drying;
step 2.3, sintering: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in a muffle furnace at 100-200 ℃ for 10-60 min, then raising the temperature to 300-400 ℃, preserving the temperature for 0.5-2 h, and cooling and taking out to obtain the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-resistant composite coating.
3. The method for preparing the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1.1, Na is contained in the electrolyte2SiO3With Na3PO4The concentration ratio of (A) to (B) is 2: 1.
4. The preparation method of the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1.3, the micro-arc oxidation treatment is performed in a sectional pressurization mode: the micro-arc oxidation treatment is carried out in a sectional pressurization mode: after the micro-arc oxidation is started, 10V is used as an ascending step, the step is ascended for 1-5 times on the basis of the initial voltage until the target voltage is reached, and the oxidation is carried out for 5-20 min at each voltage.
5. The method for preparing the tantalum alloy self-lubricating wear-resistant and wear-reducing composite coating according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2.1, in the process of preparing the self-lubricating composite coating by dipping and sintering, the proportion of PTFE dispersion liquid with solid content of 60% to pure water is 2: 1.
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