CN114507855A - Method and equipment for manufacturing high-performance disc parts - Google Patents
Method and equipment for manufacturing high-performance disc parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN114507855A CN114507855A CN202210152260.5A CN202210152260A CN114507855A CN 114507855 A CN114507855 A CN 114507855A CN 202210152260 A CN202210152260 A CN 202210152260A CN 114507855 A CN114507855 A CN 114507855A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 65
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and equipment for manufacturing high-performance disc parts, relates to the technical field of production and manufacturing of disc parts, and aims to solve the problem of poor performance of the disc parts. The method for manufacturing the high-performance disc part comprises the steps of mounting the disc part on a high-speed turntable; controlling the laser head to incline to a specified angle; starting a calibration tool, and measuring the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the disc part; detecting the surface initial temperature of the disc parts; putting cladding powder into a powder feeder; inputting cladding parameters; controlling the laser head to move to an initial cladding position through a check tool; starting a cladding program of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment to form a cladding layer with good performance on the surface of the disc part. The equipment for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts implements the method for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts in the technical scheme. The method for manufacturing the high-performance disc part is used for producing and manufacturing the high-performance disc part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production and manufacturing of disc parts, in particular to a method and equipment for manufacturing high-performance disc parts.
Background
The Ultra-High-Speed Laser Cladding technology (Ultra High-Speed Laser Cladding) is proposed by German Freund Hoff school in 2017, Laser and powder are focused above a workpiece in the processing process, most of energy acts on the powder instead of a base material, by adopting the method, the heat input of a base body in the Cladding process is extremely small, but the molten powder and the base body can be ensured to be fully metallurgically combined, the Cladding Speed can reach 25-200 m/min, the cost of Laser Cladding is greatly reduced, the coating thickness is basically only 25-400 mu m according to different Cladding speeds, the surface smoothness of the coating is very good, the coating can be put into use by simple grinding and polishing, the coating is known as an advanced green manufacturing technology for replacing the traditional electroplating process, and is also a potential technical means for manufacturing a wear-resistant layer of a brake disc.
In an existing disc brake system, friction between a brake disc and a brake pad is generally adopted for braking, and a traditional brake disc for high-speed rail is generally made of gray cast iron or a rigid material, so that the traditional brake disc for high-speed rail has the advantages of high heat conduction capacity, low cost and the like, but the traditional brake disc for high-speed rail has poor performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part, which is used for improving the performance of the disc part.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing high-performance disc parts is based on an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and comprises the following steps:
s1: mounting the disc parts on a high-speed turntable of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, and enabling the disc parts to be coaxially arranged with the high-speed turntable;
s2: controlling the laser head of the ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment to incline to an appointed angle A degrees;
s3: starting a point calibration tool of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment, and establishing a motion coordinate system on the surface of the disc part;
s4: measuring the inner diameter R _ inner and the outer diameter R _ outer of the disc part according to the motion coordinate system, and taking the area between the inner diameter R _ inner and the outer diameter R _ outer of the disc part as an area to be clad;
s5: detecting the surface initial temperature of the disc part, and judging whether the surface initial temperature of the disc part meets the cladding requirement or not;
s6: putting cladding powder into a powder feeder of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment;
s7: inputting cladding parameters;
s8: controlling the laser head to move to an initial cladding position through a check tool;
s9: starting a cladding program of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment to form a cladding layer with good performance on the surface of the disc part.
Compared with the prior art, in the method for manufacturing the high-performance disc part, the cladding layer can be formed on the surface of the disc part through the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment, and can be made of materials such as a wear-resistant layer, a corrosion-resistant layer, a vibration damping layer and the like, so that the disc part with the cladding layer has the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, vibration damping and the like, and the performance and the service life of the disc part are improved; by the method, the inclination angle of the laser head can be controlled, the laser head can be automatically adjusted to the initial cladding position, and the laser head can be automatically controlled to start the cladding process, so that the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment can automatically check the initial position of the laser head and accurately carry out the cladding process according to the position of the laser head, the automation degree and the cladding precision of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment are improved, the operation difficulty of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment is reduced, and the production efficiency of disc parts is improved; in addition, when the cladding procedure is adopted, the initial cladding position of the laser head is not fixed, so that the laser head can carry out multidirectional cladding on the disc parts from a plurality of positions along different directions, the thickness uniformity of the cladding layer is improved, and the controllability of the deformation of the disc parts is ensured.
Optionally, in the method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part, a motion coordinate system is established on the surface of the disc part, specifically, a tool coordinate system xyz is established on the disc part, and a circle center coordinate P of the disc part is obtained according to the tool coordinate system xyz0(x0，y0，z0) (ii) a By the circle center coordinate P of the disc parts0And as a pole, establishing a polar coordinate system Pr (r, theta) by taking the radius of the disc part as the polar diameter according to a conversion formula between the rectangular coordinate system and the polar coordinate system. So set up, the cladding position of the accurate adjustment laser head of being convenient for.
Optionally, in the above method for manufacturing a high performance disc part, the initial cladding position of the laser head is Pr _ start (r)0，θ0) The initial cladding position is positioned outside the disc part, r0<R _ inner-W/2 or R0>R _ outer + W/2, W is the set cladding track interval. So set up, the laser head of being convenient for begins to clad from the outside of dish class part for the cladding layer can fully cover the surface of dish class part, prevents to appear not influencing its life by the region that covers on the dish class part.
Optionally, in the method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part, a cladding procedure of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding device is as follows:
s01: starting the high-speed turntable, and when the angular speed of the high-speed turntable is stabilized to omega ═ V/r0When the laser powder feeding device is used, protective gas is input, the powder feeder is started to feed powder until the powder feeding amount reaches a set powder feeding amount PR, wherein V is a set laser scanning speed;
s02: starting a motion control mechanism of a laser head, wherein the real-time cladding position of the laser head on the disc part is Pri (r)i，θi) The deflection angle of the laser head during cladding changes in real time, the change range of the deflection angle is from A degrees to-A degrees, and the deflection angle of the laser head is reduced by 2A/((R _ outer-R _ inner + W)/W) every time the high-speed turntable rotates for one circle, wherein A is the set maximum deflection angle;
when r is0<When R _ inner-W/2, the motion control mechanism controls the laser head to move along the radius direction of the disc part and towards the direction of increasing the pole diameter of the real-time cladding position Pri;
when r is0>When R _ outer + W/2, the motion control mechanism controls the laser head to move along the radius direction of the disc part and towards the direction that the electrode diameter of the real-time cladding position Pri is reduced;
s03: when R _ inner-W/2 is less than or equal to RiStarting laser when R _ outer + W/2 is less than or equal to R _ outer + W/2;
s04: when r is0<R _ inner-W/2 and Ri>When R _ outer + W/2, the laser is closed; or, when r0>R _ outer + W/2 and Ri<When R _ inner-W/2, the laser is turned off;
s05: and after the laser is turned off, controlling the powder feeder to stop feeding powder, controlling the motion control mechanism to stop moving, and controlling the high-speed turntable to stop rotating. By the arrangement, when the laser head moves to the set cladding end point position, the cladding process can be automatically and accurately controlled to stop, and the automation degree of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment is further improved.
Optionally, in the method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part, the motion control mechanism regulates and controls the moving speed of the laser head in real time, and the real-time moving speed of the laser head is Ui＝W×(ωi/2π)，ωi＝V/riThe speed regulating frequency of the laser head is 80 HZ-250 HZ. So set up, be convenient for accurate regulation and control laser head's speed.
Alternatively, in the above method for manufacturing a high-performance disc-like part, when a plurality of cladding layers need to be formed on the disc-like part, a previous cladding layer is formed first, and then a surface of the previous cladding layer on which a cladding process needs to be performed is used as a cladding plane, and steps S2 to S9 are performed again to form a next cladding layer on the previous cladding layer. So set up, be convenient for form multilayer cladding layer.
Optionally, in the method for manufacturing a high performance disc type component, the cladding layer includes one or more of a wear-resistant layer and a corrosion-resistant layer, the material of the corrosion-resistant layer is one or more of an iron-based corrosion-resistant material, a nickel-based corrosion-resistant material and a titanium alloy, and the material of the wear-resistant layer is one or more of an iron-based alloy material, a nickel-based alloy material and a cobalt-based alloy material containing reinforcing particles in different proportions. So set up, be convenient for form the cladding layer that has wear resistance and corrosion resisting property to improve the wear-resisting and corrosion resisting property of dish class part.
Optionally, in the method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part, when the disc part needs to be subjected to double-sided cladding, after the disc part has performed steps S1 to S9 to implement a cladding process on one surface, the disc part is turned over, and steps S1 to S9 are performed again on the other surface of the disc part to implement double-sided cladding. So set up, be convenient for form two-sided cladding layer.
The invention also provides equipment for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts, and the method for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts comprises ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, wherein the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment comprises a high-speed rotary table, a laser head, a powder feeder, a motion control mechanism and a monitoring device, the high-speed rotary table is a two-axis high-speed rotary table, the motion control mechanism is a three-axis motion mechanism or a six-axis mechanical arm, and the monitoring device comprises an infrared temperature measuring sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the equipment for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts has the same beneficial effects as the method for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts in the technical scheme, and the details are not repeated here.
Optionally, in the above apparatus for manufacturing a high performance disc part, when the motion control mechanism is a three-axis motion mechanism, the ultra-high speed laser cladding apparatus further includes a plane rotation mechanism, and the plane rotation mechanism is used for being connected with the three-axis motion mechanism to form a four-axis linkage assembly so as to control an inclination angle of the laser head. So set up, be convenient for control the inclination of laser head.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of manufacturing a high performance disc-like part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a cladding layer on a brake disc according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part according to an embodiment of the present invention is based on an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, and includes:
s1: mounting the disc parts on a high-speed turntable of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, and enabling the disc parts to be coaxially arranged with the high-speed turntable;
s2: controlling a laser head of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment to incline to a specified angle;
s3: starting a point calibration tool of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment, and establishing a motion coordinate system on the surface of the disc part;
s4: measuring the inner diameter R _ inner and the outer diameter R _ outer of the disc part according to the motion coordinate system, and taking the area between the inner diameter R _ inner and the outer diameter R _ outer of the disc part as an area to be clad;
s5: detecting the surface initial temperature of the disc part, and judging whether the surface initial temperature of the disc part meets the cladding requirement or not;
s6: putting cladding powder into a powder feeder of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment;
s7: inputting cladding parameters;
s8: controlling the laser head to move to an initial cladding position through a check tool;
s9: starting a cladding program of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment to form a cladding layer with good performance on the surface of the disc part.
In the embodiment, the preferable disc part is a brake disc for high-speed rail braking, the inclination angle of the laser head is-30 degrees, the temperature of the disc part is 25-150 degrees, the cladding parameters comprise laser head cladding power LP and set powder feeding amount PR, the method comprises the following steps of cladding track spacing W and laser scanning power V, wherein the laser head cladding power LP is preferably 3 kW-15 kW, the set powder feeding amount PR is preferably 40 g/min-300 g/min, the cladding track spacing W is preferably 0.3-2 mm, and the laser scanning speed V is preferably 300 mm/s-2 m/s.
According to the method for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts, the high-speed rotation of the disc parts is controlled by the high-speed turntable, so that ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is conveniently carried out on the disc parts; the super-high speed laser cladding equipment can form a cladding layer on the surface of the disc part, and the cladding layer can be made of materials such as a wear-resistant layer, a corrosion-resistant layer, a vibration-damping layer and the like, so that the disc part with the cladding layer has the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, vibration damping and the like, and the performance and the service life of the disc part are improved; by the method, the inclination angle of the laser head can be controlled, the laser head can be automatically adjusted to the initial cladding position, and the laser head can be automatically controlled to start the cladding process, so that the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment can automatically check the initial position of the laser head and accurately carry out the cladding process according to the position of the laser head, the automation degree and the cladding precision of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment are improved, the operation difficulty of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment is reduced, and the production efficiency of disc parts is improved; in addition, when the cladding procedure is adopted, the initial cladding position of the laser head is not fixed, so that the laser head can carry out multidirectional cladding on the disc parts from a plurality of positions along different directions, the thickness uniformity of the cladding layer is improved, and the controllability of the deformation of the disc parts is ensured.
As a possible implementation manner, a motion coordinate system is established on the surface of the disc part, specifically, a tool coordinate system xyz is established on the disc part, and a circle center coordinate P of the disc part is obtained according to the tool coordinate system xyz0(x0，y0，z0) (ii) a By the circle center coordinate P of the disc parts0The radius of the disc part is used as the pole diameter, the polar coordinate system Pr (r, theta) is established according to a conversion formula between the rectangular coordinate system and the polar coordinate system, the dimensions such as the outer diameter, the inner diameter and the like of the disc part can be accurately measured through the tool coordinate system xyz and the polar coordinate system Pr (r, theta), the pre-cladding position of the laser head can be accurately measured, the position of the laser head can be accurately corrected conveniently, and the cladding precision is improved.
In an optional mode, the initial cladding position of the laser head is Pr _ start (r)0，θ0) The initial cladding position is positioned outside the disc part, r0<R _ inner-W/2 or R0>R _ outer + W/2, W is a set cladding track distance, wherein the cladding track distance refers to the distance between two cladding strips during cladding, strip-shaped cladding objects are formed by moving along a set cladding path during cladding due to the small opening area of the laser head, then a plurality of cladding objects are lapped to form a cladding surface, and the distance between the two cladding strips is possibly smaller than the sum of the 1/2 widths of the two cladding strips due to the lapping between the two cladding stripsWhen the set initial cladding position is a position within R _ inner-W/2 or a position outside R _ outer + W/2 in the radius direction of the disc part, the laser head can start cladding from the outside of the disc part, the whole surface of the disc part is ensured to be provided with a cladding layer, the situation that the position performance of the part of the disc part is poor due to the fact that the cladding layer is not formed and further the overall performance and the service life of the disc part are influenced is prevented, the preferred cladding track spacing W is 0.3 mm-2 mm, and meanwhile, the initial cladding position of the laser head can be accurately calibrated through a tool coordinate system xyz and a polar coordinate system Pr (R, theta).
As a possible implementation manner, the cladding procedure of the ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment is as follows:
s01: starting the high-speed turntable, and when the angular speed of the high-speed turntable is stabilized to omega ═ V/r0When the laser powder feeding device is used, protective gas is input, the powder feeder is started to feed powder until the powder feeding amount reaches a set powder feeding amount PR, wherein V is a set laser scanning speed;
s02: starting a motion control mechanism of a laser head, wherein the real-time cladding position of the laser head on the disc part is Pri (r)i，θi) The deflection angle of the laser head during cladding changes in real time, the change range of the deflection angle is from A degrees to-A degrees, and the deflection angle of the laser head is reduced by 2A/((R _ outer-R _ inner + W)/W) every time the high-speed turntable rotates for one circle, wherein A is the set maximum deflection angle;
when r is0<When R _ inner-W/2, the motion control mechanism controls the laser head to move along the radius direction of the disc part and towards the direction of increasing the pole diameter of the real-time cladding position Pri;
when r is0>When R _ outer + W/2, the motion control mechanism controls the laser head to move along the radius direction of the disc part and towards the direction that the electrode diameter of the real-time cladding position Pri is reduced;
s03: when R _ inner-W/2 is less than or equal to RiStarting laser when R _ outer + W/2 is less than or equal to R _ outer + W/2;
s04: when r is0<R _ inner-W/2 and Ri>When R _ outer + W/2, the laser is closed; or, when r is0>R _ outer + W/2 and Ri<When R _ inner-W/2, the laser is turned off;
s05: and after the laser is turned off, controlling the powder feeder to stop feeding powder, controlling the motion control mechanism to stop moving, and controlling the high-speed turntable to stop rotating.
By adopting the method, after the laser is started, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment starts a cladding process, namely, a cladding layer built by a plurality of cladding strips is formed according to a set cladding path, and when a plurality of cladding layers are required, another cladding layer can be superposed on the formed cladding layer; at this time, the cladding position of the laser head is read in real time, and whether the laser head reaches the cladding end position is judged, the set cladding end position in this embodiment is that when the set cladding initial position is R _ inner-W/2, the set cladding end position is R _ outer + W/2, and when the set cladding initial position is R _ outer + W/2, the set cladding end position is R _ inner-W/2, so that when the laser head reaches the cladding end position, the cladding process can be automatically controlled to stop; by adopting the method, when the laser head moves to the set cladding end position, the ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment can automatically and accurately control the stop of the cladding process, thereby further improving the automation degree of the ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment.
Wherein, in the laser head cladding in-process, the deflection angle of laser head can carry out real-time change according to real-time cladding position, the deflection angle of laser head means the laser of laser head transmission and the contained angle between the vertical direction, because the dish type part of this application when cladding, cladding along the path of utmost point direction outside or inside from dish type part, so when the deflection angle of laser head constantly changes and the deflection angle that is close to dish type part outside edge and inboard edge is greater than the deflection angle that is close to dish type part mid portion, can make more even cladding of laser head, improve the degree of consistency of the cladding layer that the cladding formed, make the performance of cladding layer better.
In some embodiments, the motion control mechanism regulates the turntable speed, ω, in real timei＝V/riTo ensure that the laser beam is at different positions r on the surface of the disk in the case of rotation of the diskiThe scanning speed of (a) is infinitely close to the set scanning speed V; meanwhile, the movement mechanism regulates and controls the moving speed of the laser head in real time, and the laserReal-time moving speed of the head is Ui＝W×(ωiAnd/2 pi) to ensure that the track spacing of two adjacent cladding tracks infinitely approaches the set track spacing W under different rotating speeds of the rotary table, the speed regulation frequency of the laser head is 80 HZ-250 HZ, and the moving speed of the laser head in the embodiment refers to the moving speed of the real-time cladding position of the laser head along the radial direction.
In order to further improve the performance of the disc-like part, in this embodiment, it is preferable that multiple cladding layers may be clad on the disc-like part, where the multiple cladding layers may be cladding layers with the same material performance, or may be cladding layers of different materials, when the multiple cladding layers need to be formed on the disc-like part, a previous cladding layer is formed first, then a surface of the previous cladding layer that needs to be clad is used as a cladding plane, and steps S2 to S9 are performed again to form a next cladding layer on the previous cladding layer, so that the multiple cladding layers may be formed. The laser head can form a plurality of cladding layers with different functional layers by replacing raw material powder when the material of the current cladding layer is different from that of the next cladding layer, namely, the laser head can clad cladding layers with different functions by replacing the raw material powder in the powder feeder before the next cladding layer begins to clad.
In an alternative mode, the cladding layer comprises one or more of a wear-resistant layer and a corrosion-resistant layer, the material of the corrosion-resistant layer is one or more of an iron-based corrosion-resistant material, a nickel-based corrosion-resistant material and a titanium alloy, and the material of the wear-resistant layer is one or more of an iron-based alloy material, a nickel-based alloy material and a cobalt-based alloy material containing reinforcing particles in different proportions; for example, 316L of iron-based corrosion-resistant material, In625 of nickel-based corrosion-resistant material, Ti6Al4V of titanium alloy, 50 μm to 150 μm of cladding layer thickness, and 30% to 88% WC of iron-based, nickel-based or cobalt-based alloy material of different proportions of reinforcing particles, so as to form a cladding layer with wear resistance and corrosion resistance, thereby improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the disc-like component.
In some embodiments, when the disc type part needs to be subjected to double-sided cladding, after the disc type part is subjected to steps S1 to S9 to realize the cladding process of one surface, the disc type part is turned over, and steps S1 to S9 are performed again on the other surface of the disc type part to realize double-sided cladding.
The embodiment of the invention also provides equipment for manufacturing the high-performance disc part, which comprises ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, wherein the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment comprises a high-speed turntable, a laser head, a powder feeder, a motion control mechanism and a monitoring device, the high-speed turntable is a two-axis high-speed turntable, the motion control mechanism is a three-axis motion mechanism or a six-axis mechanical arm, and the monitoring device comprises an infrared temperature measurement sensor, wherein a cladding component in the embodiment comprises a semiconductor laser, the powder feeder, the laser head and a powder nozzle, a laser beam output by the semiconductor laser is flat-top light, the laser power is more than 6000W, and the powder feeding precision of the powder feeder is higher than 1 g/min; the control system is preferably a PLC control system and is used for controlling five-axis linkage of the two-axis high-speed rotary table and the three-axis movement mechanism or controlling eight-axis linkage of the two-axis high-speed rotary table and the six-axis mechanical arm, controlling the semiconductor laser, the powder feeder and the airflow valve and setting related parameters, the airflow valve is used for adjusting flow of introduced protective gas during laser cladding, the preferable protective gas is argon or nitrogen, and the infrared temperature measurement sensor is used for detecting surface initial temperature of a cladding plane.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the equipment for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts provided by the embodiment of the invention are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for manufacturing the high-performance disc parts provided by the scheme, and the details are not repeated herein.
As a possible implementation mode, when the motion control mechanism is a three-axis motion mechanism, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment further comprises a plane rotating mechanism, the plane rotating mechanism is used for being connected with the three-axis motion mechanism to form a four-axis linkage assembly so as to control the inclination angle of the laser head, and by adopting the structure, the plane rotating mechanism can be used for being connected with the three-axis motion mechanism to form the four-axis linkage assembly so as to control the inclination angle of the laser head.
In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 2:
s001: installing a brake disc on a high-speed rotary table of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, and enabling the brake disc and the high-speed rotary table to be coaxially arranged;
s002: the laser head is controlled to move by the three-axis movement mechanism, the plane rotation mechanism can rotate within an XZ plane by-90 degrees through the connection of the plane rotation mechanism and a Z axis of the three-axis movement mechanism, the rotation axis and the XYZ three axes of the three-axis movement mechanism form four-axis linkage, and the laser head is vertical to a bearing plane of the high-speed turntable;
s003: taking the surface of the brake disc needing the cladding process as a cladding plane, establishing a tool coordinate system on the surface of the brake disc through a point calibration tool, solving the center coordinate of the brake disc through a three-point method, and establishing a polar coordinate system on the plane of the brake disc by taking the center of a circle as a pole;
s004: the measured inner diameter R _ inner of the brake disc is 210mm, the outer diameter R _ outer is 315mm, and the area between the inner diameter and the outer diameter is a zone to be clad;
s005: measuring the temperature of the disk surface by using an infrared thermometer to ensure that the initial temperature of the disk surface is between 25 and 150 ℃;
s006: putting 120-degree dried In625 powder into the No. 1 powder feeder, wherein the particle size of the powder is 15-53 mu m, and connecting the No. 1 powder feeder with a laser head powder nozzle;
s007: inputting cladding parameters: the laser head cladding power LP is 5000W, the powder feeding amount PR is 40g/min, the cladding track spacing W is 0.5mm, and the laser scanning speed V is 1 m/s;
s008: operating a cladding program to complete the first layer cladding, wherein the thickness of the In625 cladding layer is about 0.15 mm-0.2 mm;
s009: measuring the temperature of the disk surface by using an infrared thermometer, ensuring that the initial temperature of the disk surface is between 80 and 150 degrees, and adjusting the temperature of the disk surface by using a heating or cooling device if the temperature exceeds the range;
s0010: placing In No. 2 powder feeder In625+ 50% WC powder dried at 120 deg., wherein the particle size of In625 powder is 15-53 μm, and the particle size range of WC powder is 45-105 μm, and connecting No. 2 powder feeder with laser head powder nozzle;
s0011: inputting cladding parameters: the laser head cladding power LP is 4000W, the powder feeding amount PR is 40g/min, the cladding track spacing W is 0.4mm, and the laser scanning speed V is 400 mm/s;
s0012: operating a cladding program to complete cladding of the second layer, wherein the thickness of the In625+ 50% WC cladding layer is about 0.4-0.5 mm;
s0013: and after finishing single-side cladding, overturning the brake disc, and repeating the steps S001-S0012 on the reverse side to finish the cladding of the two sides of the whole brake disc.
In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing high-performance disc parts is characterized in that the method is based on an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and comprises the following steps:
s1: mounting the disc parts on a high-speed turntable of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, and enabling the disc parts to be coaxially arranged with the high-speed turntable;
s2: controlling the laser head of the ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment to incline to an appointed angle A degrees;
s3: starting a point calibration tool of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment, and establishing a motion coordinate system on the surface of the disc part;
s4: measuring the inner diameter R _ inner and the outer diameter R _ outer of the disc part according to the motion coordinate system, and taking the area between the inner diameter R _ inner and the outer diameter R _ outer of the disc part as an area to be clad;
s5: detecting the surface initial temperature of the disc part, and judging whether the surface initial temperature of the disc part meets the cladding requirement or not;
s6: putting cladding powder into a powder feeder of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment;
s7: inputting cladding parameters;
s8: controlling the laser head to move to an initial cladding position through the checking tool;
s9: starting a cladding program of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment, and forming a cladding layer with good performance on the surface of the disc part.
2. Method for manufacturing a high-performance disc-like part according to claim 1, characterized in that said establishing a motion coordinate system on the surface of said disc-like part is in particular:
establishing a tool coordinate system xyz on the disc part, and solving the circle center coordinate P of the disc part according to the tool coordinate system xyz0(x0，y0，z0)；
Using the circle center coordinate P of the disc parts0And as a pole, establishing a polar coordinate system Pr (r, theta) by taking the radius of the disc part as a polar diameter according to a conversion formula between a rectangular coordinate system and the polar coordinate system.
3. The method of manufacturing a high performance disc like part according to claim 2, wherein the initial cladding position of the laser head is Pr _ start (r)0，θ0) The initial cladding position is positioned outside the disc part, r0<R _ inner-W/2 or R0>R _ outer + W/2, W is the set cladding track interval.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part according to claim 3, wherein the cladding process of the ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment is as follows:
s01: starting the high-speed turntable, and when the angular speed of the high-speed turntable is stabilized to omega ═ V/r0When the laser powder feeding device is used, protective gas is input, the powder feeder is started to feed powder until the powder feeding amount reaches a set powder feeding amount PR, wherein V is a set laser scanning speed;
s02: starting a motion control mechanism of the laser head, wherein the real-time cladding position of the laser head on the disc part is Pri (r)i，θi) The deflection angle of the laser head during cladding changes in real time, the change range of the deflection angle is from A degrees to-A degrees, and the deflection angle of the laser head is reduced by 2A/((R _ outer-R _ inner + W)/W) every time the high-speed turntable rotates for one circle;
when r is0<R _ inner-W/2, the motion control mechanism controls the laser head to move along the radial direction of the disc parts and towards the direction of increasing the pole diameter of the real-time cladding position Pri;
when r is0>When R _ outer + W/2, the motion control mechanism controls the laser head to move along the radial direction of the disc part and towards the direction that the diameter of the real-time cladding position Pri is reduced;
s03: when R _ inner-W/2 is less than or equal to RiStarting laser when R _ outer + W/2 is less than or equal to R _ outer + W/2;
s04: when r is0<R _ inner-W/2 and Ri>When R _ outer + W/2, the laser is closed; or, when r is0>R _ outer + W/2 and Ri<When R _ inner-W/2, the laser is turned off;
s05: and after the laser is turned off, controlling the powder feeder to stop feeding powder, controlling the motion control mechanism to stop moving, and controlling the high-speed rotary table to stop rotating.
5. The method of claim 4 in which the motion control mechanism regulates the speed of movement of the laser head in real time, the real time speed of movement of the laser head being Ui＝W×(ωi/2π)，ωi＝V/riAnd the speed regulating frequency of the laser head is 80 HZ-250 HZ.
6. The method for manufacturing a high-performance disc-like part according to claim 1, wherein when a plurality of cladding layers are required to be formed on the disc-like part, a previous cladding layer is formed, and then steps S2 to S9 are performed again with a surface of the previous cladding layer on which a cladding process is required as a cladding plane, to form a next cladding layer on the previous cladding layer.
7. The method for manufacturing a high-performance disc-like component according to claim 6, wherein the cladding layer includes one or more of a wear-resistant layer and a corrosion-resistant layer, the material of the corrosion-resistant layer is one or more of an iron-based corrosion-resistant material, a nickel-based corrosion-resistant material, and a titanium alloy, and the material of the wear-resistant layer is one or more of an iron-based alloy material, a nickel-based alloy material, and a cobalt-based alloy material containing reinforcing particles in different proportions.
8. The method for manufacturing a high-performance disc part according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein when the disc part needs to be subjected to double-sided cladding, after the disc part is subjected to steps S1 to S9 to realize the cladding process of one side, the disc part is turned over, and steps S1 to S9 are performed again on the other side of the disc part to realize double-sided cladding.
9. An apparatus for manufacturing high-performance disc parts, characterized in that the method for manufacturing high-performance disc parts according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented, the apparatus comprises an ultra-high speed laser cladding apparatus, the ultra-high speed laser cladding apparatus comprises a high-speed turntable, a laser head, a powder feeder, a motion control mechanism and a monitoring device, the high-speed turntable is a two-axis high-speed turntable, the motion control mechanism is a three-axis motion mechanism or a six-axis mechanical arm, and the monitoring device comprises an infrared temperature measuring sensor.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein when the motion control mechanism is a three-axis motion mechanism, the ultra-high speed laser cladding apparatus further comprises a planar rotation mechanism, the planar rotation mechanism is connected to the three-axis motion mechanism to form a four-axis linkage assembly, so as to control the tilting angle of the laser head.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111334789A (en) * | 2020-02-02 | 2020-06-26 | 江苏大学 | Method for ultra-high-speed laser cladding of end faces of disc parts |
| CN111545749A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-18 | 江苏大学 | Method for cladding complex curved surface revolution body by ultra-high-speed laser |
| CN112195467A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Method and system for controlling deformation of functional coating prepared by high-speed laser cladding of disc part |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111334789A (en) * | 2020-02-02 | 2020-06-26 | 江苏大学 | Method for ultra-high-speed laser cladding of end faces of disc parts |
| CN111545749A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-18 | 江苏大学 | Method for cladding complex curved surface revolution body by ultra-high-speed laser |
| CN112195467A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Method and system for controlling deformation of functional coating prepared by high-speed laser cladding of disc part |
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