CN114505480A - Method for preparing foam steel - Google Patents
Method for preparing foam steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114505480A CN114505480A CN202011279226.1A CN202011279226A CN114505480A CN 114505480 A CN114505480 A CN 114505480A CN 202011279226 A CN202011279226 A CN 202011279226A CN 114505480 A CN114505480 A CN 114505480A
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- powder
- foam
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ca].[Fe] WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1134—Inorganic fillers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing foam steel, mixing calcium particles with a forming agent to infiltrate the calcium particles; and simultaneously mixing calcium powder and iron powder, mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of the calcium powder and the iron powder, uniformly mixing, pressing into blocks to obtain pressed blocks, and sintering the pressed blocks in vacuum to melt and remove calcium from the pressed blocks in a liquid form to obtain the pure foam steel. According to the invention, metal calcium is used as a pore-forming material, and is melted away from the foam steel in a liquid state in a sintering process, and the calcium does not remain in an iron matrix, so that the performance of the foam steel is ensured; meanwhile, in the sintering process, the calcium further removes oxygen, sulfur and other impurity elements in the steel, and the steel quality is purified, so that the performance of the foam steel is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foam steel production, in particular to a method for preparing foam steel.
Background
The foam steel is a structure-function integrated material with a large number of communicated or non-communicated holes uniformly distributed in a steel matrix. As a functional material, the material has multiple performances of sound absorption, heat insulation, flame retardance, electromagnetic shielding and the like. As a structural material, the density, elastic modulus and yield strength of steel can be varied by varying the porosity and pore structure. Under the condition of the same steel consumption, the overall stability and the local stability of the structural member can be effectively improved through reasonable design, so that the bearing capacity is improved, and the purpose of saving steel is achieved.
At present, the preparation method of the foam steel mainly comprises a melt metal foaming method, a metal deposition method, a hollow sphere sintering method, a seepage method and a powder sintering method. The melt metal foaming method cannot enable the foaming agent to be uniformly dispersed into the melt, the size and distribution uniformity of bubbles are difficult to control, and the obtained material has poor mechanical properties and the like; the hollow sphere method has the defects of difficult preparation of hollow spheres, high requirements on process equipment and the like; the seepage method has long process flow and difficult complete removal of precursors. The powder sintering method is a preparation method with simple process and low cost, and the porosity, the pore diameter and the pore size distribution of the powder sintering method can be effectively controlled.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102392173B discloses a method for preparing open-cell foam steel, which comprises using sodium metaaluminate particles with a melting point higher than that of steel and different diameters as a precursor, using steel as a seepage fluid, infiltrating the infiltration fluid into the precursor by a pressure seepage method, cooling to obtain a complex, and dissolving the precursor sodium metaaluminate from the complex by water to obtain the open-cell foam steel; the size and diameter of the precursor sodium metaaluminate particles are as follows: 0.1mm-10 mm; drying the sodium metaaluminate particles at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 5-6 hours; preheating sodium metaaluminate at the temperature of 400-600 ℃ for 2-30 minutes before seepage; the melting temperature of the steel matrix is 50-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of the steel matrix; controlling the infiltration pressure to be 10-100MPa during pressure infiltration, wherein the infiltration temperature is 10-50 ℃ lower than the melting temperature of the sodium metaaluminate particles, the infiltration speed is 1-20 mm/s, and the complex obtained after infiltration is washed by water. The invention has simple process and low cost. The method adopts sodium metaaluminate particles as a precursor of seepage, and washes the seepage-treated complex to remove sodium metaaluminate, but the sodium metaaluminate cannot be thoroughly removed, and the sodium metaaluminate remained in the metal has adverse effects on the performance and seriously affects the use effect of the foam metal.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN100572576C discloses a method for preparing through-hole foam steel, which comprises sintering copper metal balls with different diameters and a melting point lower than that of steel as a precursor, infiltrating the copper balls into the precursor by using the steel as a seepage fluid through a pressure seepage method, cooling to obtain a composite body, heating the composite body to melt and remove metal copper in the precursor from the composite body, and obtaining the through-hole foam steel. The method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost, recyclable materials and no environmental pollution, and can realize industrial production. The method takes metal copper as a precursor, the seepage temperature is far higher than the melting point of copper, the phenomenon that the metal copper is not melted can not be ensured in the seepage process, the inner holes of the foam steel are unevenly distributed, meanwhile, the metal copper is melted at high temperature, and at the moment, part of copper can be dissolved into the steel to form iron-copper alloy, so that the performance of the final product is adversely affected.
In a word, in the prior art, the pore-forming agent cannot be completely removed during the preparation of the foam steel, so that the performance of the foam steel is adversely affected, the performance of the foam steel is uneven, and the advantages of the foam steel cannot be exerted. Therefore, the development of a preparation method of the foam steel, which can fully ensure the performance of the foam steel without leaving residues in the sintering process, has simple process, is safe and reliable, and even improves the quality of products, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing foam steel, which adopts metal calcium as a pore-forming material, melts and removes the metal calcium from the foam steel in a liquid state through a sintering process, and the calcium does not have residue in an iron matrix, thereby ensuring the performance of the foam steel; meanwhile, in the sintering process, the calcium further removes oxygen, sulfur and other impurity elements in the steel, and the steel quality is purified, so that the performance of the foam steel is further improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing foam steel comprises mixing calcium particles with forming agent to make calcium particles infiltrate; and simultaneously mixing calcium powder and iron powder, mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of the calcium powder and the iron powder, uniformly mixing, pressing into blocks to obtain pressed blocks, and sintering the pressed blocks in vacuum to melt and remove calcium from the pressed blocks in a liquid form to obtain the pure foam steel.
The method for preparing the foam steel specifically comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent: mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent according to a mass ratio of (60-90): 1 to obtain infiltrated calcium particles;
2) mixing calcium powder and iron powder: mixing calcium powder and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-6), adding paraffin as a binder during mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to the paraffin is (50-80) to 1;
3) mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with a mixture of calcium powder and iron powder: mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of calcium powder and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-5) to obtain a final mixture;
4) and (3) pressing and forming: pressing the final mixture to obtain a pressed block;
5) and (3) vacuum sintering: demolding and drying the pressed blocks, then pre-burning, heating at the speed of 50-100 ℃/min during pre-burning, keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours after heating to 800-840 ℃, and then continuing heating to 1100-12000 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 3.1-4.5 hours; and (3) the vacuum degree is not more than 2Pa in the sintering process, and the pressed block is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished, so that the foam steel is obtained.
The Ca content of the calcium particles is more than or equal to 99.6%, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.
The Ca content of the calcium powder is more than or equal to 99.6%, and the granularity is 40-80 meshes.
The Fe content of the iron powder is more than or equal to 99.95%, the O content is less than or equal to 0.0050%, the S content is less than or equal to 0.0020%, and the granularity is 200-400 meshes.
The forming agent is stearic acid.
The mixing time of the calcium particles and the forming agent is 3-10 min; mixing the calcium powder and the iron powder in a mixer for 1.5-3.5 hours; and mixing the mixture of the infiltrated calcium particles and the calcium powder and the iron powder in a mixer for 0.5-1 hour.
And an alloy steel die is adopted for pressing, the pressure is 300-440 Mpa, and the pressing time is 5-8 min.
The oxygen content of the prepared foam steel is less than or equal to 0.0020 percent, and the S content is less than or equal to 0.0012 percent; the density is 2.03-2.57 g/cm3The compression yield strength is 100-130 MPa, and the energy absorption value at 50% compression strain is 60 ℃90MJ/m3。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, metal calcium is used as a pore-forming material, metal calcium and magnesium are melted and removed from the foam steel in a liquid state through a sintering process, calcium is not dissolved in iron, and a calcium-iron compound is not formed at the same time, so that calcium does not remain in an iron matrix, and the performance of the foam steel can be ensured.
2) In the sintering process, the calcium can further remove oxygen, sulfur and other impurity elements in the steel, and plays a role in purifying the steel, thereby further improving the performance of the foam steel.
3) In the vacuum sintering process, the metal calcium flows out of the steel in a liquid state, so that the metal calcium can be conveniently recovered, and the recycling of the metal calcium is realized.
4) The invention has simple process, safety and reliability, and can fully ensure the performance of the foam steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of producing a steel foam according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figure 1, the method for preparing the foam steel comprises the steps of mixing calcium particles with a forming agent to infiltrate the calcium particles; and simultaneously mixing calcium powder and iron powder, mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of the calcium powder and the iron powder, uniformly mixing, pressing into blocks to obtain pressed blocks, and sintering the pressed blocks in vacuum to melt and remove calcium from the pressed blocks in a liquid form to obtain the pure foam steel.
The method for preparing the foam steel specifically comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent: mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent according to a mass ratio of (60-90): 1 to obtain infiltrated calcium particles;
2) mixing calcium powder and iron powder: mixing calcium powder and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-6), adding paraffin as a binder during mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to the paraffin is (50-80) to 1;
3) mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with a mixture of calcium powder and iron powder: mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of calcium powder and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-5) to obtain a final mixture;
4) and (3) compression molding: pressing the final mixture to obtain a pressed block;
5) and (3) vacuum sintering: demolding and drying the pressed blocks, then pre-burning, heating at the speed of 50-100 ℃/min during pre-burning, keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours after heating to 800-840 ℃, and then continuing heating to 1100-12000 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 3.1-4.5 hours; and (3) the vacuum degree is not more than 2Pa in the sintering process, and the pressed block is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished, so that the foam steel is obtained.
The Ca content of the calcium particles is more than or equal to 99.6%, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.
The Ca content of the calcium powder is more than or equal to 99.6%, and the granularity is 40-80 meshes.
The Fe content of the iron powder is more than or equal to 99.95%, the O content is less than or equal to 0.0050%, the S content is less than or equal to 0.0020%, and the granularity is 200-400 meshes.
The forming agent is stearic acid.
The mixing time of the calcium particles and the forming agent is 3-10 min; mixing the calcium powder and the iron powder in a mixer for 1.5-3.5 hours; and mixing the mixture of the infiltrated calcium particles and the calcium powder and the iron powder in a mixer for 0.5-1 hour.
And an alloy steel die is adopted for pressing, the pressure is 300-440 Mpa, and the pressing time is 5-8 min.
The oxygen content of the prepared foam steel is less than or equal to 0.0020 percent, and the S content is less than or equal to 0.0012 percent; the density is 2.03-2.57 g/cm3The compressive yield strength is 100-130 MPa, and the energy absorption value at 50% compressive strain is 60-90 MJ/m3。
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
[ example 1 ]
In this example, the process for preparing the foam steel is as follows:
1. mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent: the Ca content of the calcium particles is 99.8 percent, and the particle size is 4 mm; the forming agent is formed by mixing stearic acid, calcium particles and stearic acid according to the mass ratio of 60:1 for 3min to obtain infiltrated calcium particles.
2. Mixing calcium powder and iron powder: the Ca content of the calcium powder is 99.7 percent, and the granularity is 80 meshes; the iron powder has Fe content of 99.97%, O content of 0.0046%, S content of 0.0018% and granularity of 400 meshes. The calcium powder and the iron powder are mixed in a mixer for 3.4 hours according to the mass ratio of 1:5, paraffin is added as a binder during mixing, and the weight ratio of the mixture to the paraffin is 50: 1.
3. Mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with a mixture of calcium powder and iron powder: and (3) mixing the soaked calcium particles and the mixture of calcium powder and iron powder in a mixer according to the mass ratio of 1:4.5 for 0.73 hour to obtain a final mixture.
4. And (3) pressing and forming: and pressing the final mixture, wherein the pressing die is an alloy steel die, the pressure is 340Mpa, and the pressing time is 5min, so as to obtain a pressed block.
5. And (3) vacuum sintering: demolding and drying the pressed blocks, then pre-burning, heating at the speed of 75 ℃/min during pre-burning, heating to 810 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, then continuously heating to 1120 ℃, and preserving heat for 4.4 hours; and (3) the vacuum degree is 2Pa in the sintering process, and the pressed block is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished, so that the foam steel is obtained.
In the vacuum sintering process, the liquid calcium flowing out of the pressed block is recovered, so that the cyclic utilization of the metal calcium is realized.
The steel foam produced in this example had an oxygen content of 0.0018%, an S content of 0.00075% and a density of 2.33g/cm3(ii) a The product performance is as follows: the compressive yield strength is 121MPa, and the energy absorption value at 50 percent compressive strain is 76MJ/m3。
[ example 2 ]
In this example, the process for preparing the foam steel is as follows:
1. mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent: the Ca content of the calcium particles is 99.7 percent, and the particle size is 3 mm; the forming agent is stearic acid, and the calcium particles and the stearic acid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 75:1, and the mixing time is 8min, so that the infiltrated calcium particles are obtained.
2. Mixing calcium powder and iron powder: the Ca content of the calcium powder is 99.9 percent, and the granularity is 60 meshes; the Fe content of the iron powder is 99.97 percent, the O content is 0.0034 percent, the S content is 0.0016 percent, and the granularity is 300 meshes; the calcium powder and the iron powder are mixed in a mixer for 2.5 hours according to the mass ratio of 1:6, paraffin is added as a binder during mixing, and the weight ratio of the mixture to the paraffin is 60: 1.
3. Mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with a mixture of calcium powder and iron powder: and (3) mixing the infiltrated calcium particles and the mixture of calcium powder and iron powder in a mixer according to the mass ratio of 1:5 for 1 hour to obtain a final mixture.
4. And (3) compression molding: and pressing the final mixture, wherein the pressing die is an alloy steel die, the pressure is 300Mpa, and the pressing time is 6min, so that a pressed block is obtained.
5. And (3) vacuum sintering: demolding the pressed block, drying, pre-sintering, heating at a speed of 50 ℃/min during pre-sintering, keeping the temperature for 1 hour after heating to 840 ℃, and then continuously heating to 1160 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 3.8 hours; and (3) the vacuum degree is 2Pa in the sintering process, and the pressed block is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished, so that the foam steel is obtained.
And recovering the liquid calcium flowing out of the pressed block while vacuum sintering, thereby realizing the recycling of the metal calcium.
The steel foam produced in this example had an oxygen content of 0.0013%, an S content of 0.00062% and a density of 2.57g/cm3(ii) a The product performance is as follows: the compressive yield strength is 130MPa, and the energy absorption value at 50 percent compressive strain is 90MJ/m3。
[ example 3 ]
In this example, the method of preparing the foam steel was as follows:
1. mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent: the Ca content of the calcium particles is 99.8 percent, and the particle size is 5 mm; the forming agent is stearic acid, and the calcium particles and the stearic acid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 90:1 for 10min to obtain infiltrated calcium particles.
2. Mixing calcium powder and iron powder: the Ca content of the calcium powder is 99.7 percent, the granularity is 40 meshes, the Fe content of the iron powder is 99.96 percent, the O content is 0.0038 percent, the S content is 0.0016 percent, and the granularity is 200 meshes; the calcium powder and the iron powder are mixed in a mixer for 1.5 hours according to the mass ratio of 1:4, paraffin is added as a binder during mixing, and the weight ratio of the mixture to the paraffin is 80: 1.
3. Mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with a mixture of calcium powder and iron powder: and (3) mixing the soaked calcium particles and the mixture of calcium powder and iron powder in a mixer according to the mass ratio of 1:4 for 0.5 hour to obtain a final mixture.
4. And (3) compression molding: and pressing the final mixture, wherein the pressing die is an alloy steel die, the pressure is 440Mpa, and the pressing time is 8min, so that a pressed block is obtained.
5. And (3) vacuum sintering: and demolding, drying and then pre-sintering the pressed blocks, heating at the speed of 100 ℃/min during pre-sintering, heating to 830 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, then continuously heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3.1 hours, keeping the vacuum degree of 1Pa in the sintering process, and cooling the pressed blocks to the room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished to obtain the foam steel.
And recovering the liquid calcium flowing out of the pressed block while vacuum sintering, thereby realizing the recycling of the metal calcium.
The steel foam produced in this example had an oxygen content of 0.0015%, an S content of 0.00066% and a density of 2.03g/cm3(ii) a The product performance is as follows: the compressive yield strength is 102MPa, and the energy absorption value at 50 percent compressive strain is 62MJ/m3。
The foam steel prepared by the method has no residue, so that the performance of the foam steel is ensured; meanwhile, in the sintering process, the removal rate of the calcium to oxygen and sulfur elements in the steel is over 60 percent, the steel quality purification effect is achieved, and the performance of the foam steel is further improved. In addition, the invention realizes the recycling of the metal calcium and is beneficial to reducing the production cost.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing foam steel is characterized in that calcium particles are mixed with a forming agent to infiltrate the calcium particles; and simultaneously mixing calcium powder and iron powder, mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of the calcium powder and the iron powder, uniformly mixing, pressing into blocks to obtain pressed blocks, and sintering the pressed blocks in vacuum to melt and remove calcium from the pressed blocks in a liquid form to obtain the pure foam steel.
2. The method for preparing the foam steel according to the claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent: mixing the calcium particles with a forming agent according to a mass ratio of (60-90): 1 to obtain infiltrated calcium particles;
2) mixing calcium powder and iron powder: mixing calcium powder and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-6), adding paraffin as a binder during mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to the paraffin is (50-80) to 1;
3) mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with a mixture of calcium powder and iron powder: mixing the infiltrated calcium particles with the mixture of calcium powder and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-5) to obtain a final mixture;
4) and (3) pressing and forming: pressing the final mixture to obtain a pressed block;
5) and (3) vacuum sintering: demolding and drying the pressed blocks, then pre-burning, heating at the speed of 50-100 ℃/min during pre-burning, keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours after heating to 800-840 ℃, and then continuing heating to 1100-12000 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 3.1-4.5 hours; and (3) the vacuum degree is not more than 2Pa in the sintering process, and the pressed block is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished, so that the foam steel is obtained.
3. A method of producing a steel foam according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the calcium particles have a Ca content of 99.6% or more and a particle size of 3-5 mm.
4. The method for preparing the foam steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcium powder has a Ca content of not less than 99.6% and a particle size of 40-80 mesh.
5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the iron powder has an Fe content of 99.95% or more, an O content of 0.0050% or less, an S content of 0.0020% or less, and a particle size of 200 to 400 mesh.
6. A method of producing a steel foam according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the forming agent is stearic acid.
7. The method for preparing the foam steel according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixing time of the calcium particles and the forming agent is 3-10 min; mixing the calcium powder and the iron powder in a mixer for 1.5-3.5 hours; and mixing the mixture of the infiltrated calcium particles and the calcium powder and the iron powder in a mixer for 0.5-1 hour.
8. The method for preparing the foam steel according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressing adopts an alloy steel die, the pressure is 300-440 MPa, and the pressing time is 5-8 min.
9. A method of producing a steel foam according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steel foam is produced with an oxygen content of 0.0020% or less and an S content of 0.0012% or less; the density is 2.03-2.57 g/cm3The compressive yield strength is 100-130 MPa, and the energy absorption value at 50% compressive strain is 60-90 MJ/m3。
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