CN114504643B - 抗IgE抗体在用于治疗OSAS中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗IgE抗体在用于治疗OSAS中的应用，属于抗体药领域。本发明首次发现抗IgE抗体可以用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗IgE抗体在用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征中的应用。
背景技术
儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)是指儿童睡眠过程中频繁发生部分或完全上气道阻塞，干扰儿童的正常通气和睡眠结构而引起的一系列病理生理变化。
OSAS引起的儿童睡眠不足可影响生长激素分泌，从而导致患儿身材瘦小，心肺功能异常等，长期不治疗可能导致儿童智力及生长发育障碍。目前，扁桃体和/或腺样体切除术目前是儿童OSAS的一线治疗方法之一。特别对于OSAS 3级及以上患儿而言，在内镜或影像学综合评估上气道情况(包括鼻、鼻咽部、口咽、喉咽和喉部)后，临床检查符合扁桃体和(或)腺样体肥大且无手术禁忌时，手术是其首选治疗方式。同时患儿临床症状和患儿家长为患儿解决症状的诉求也应当同样被重视。据报道，行腺样体切除术的患儿最小年龄为3月龄，行腺样体和扁桃体同时切除术的最小年龄为6月龄。儿童正处于各器官、组织成长阶段，全身免疫系统尚未发育完善，局部免疫组织起主导作用，腺样体作为具有特定解剖结构的黏膜淋巴组织，参与呼吸道重要的局部免疫作用，腺样体切除可能影响儿童的免疫功能。虽然儿童腺样体切除术已被儿科医生熟练掌握，但其仍存在如麻醉并发症、术后呼吸衰竭、出血、腭咽关闭不全、鼻咽狭窄，术后语音改变、术后脱水等相关风险。此外，术后亦存在复发可能，据估计OSAS患儿接受手术治疗后约20％-30％的患儿术后会再次出现OSAS症状，其中近50％的病例是由于腺扁桃体再生。除外手术治疗，对于一些轻度及中度OSAS患儿，除外其他口腔颌面及上气道梗阻问题后，推荐鼻用糖皮质激素和孟鲁司特钠作为治疗药物；尤其是合并鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏及闭塞性鼻音等鼻炎症状的患儿，鼻用糖皮质激素可作为推荐使用。其中，对于一些中度OSAS的患儿，腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除仍为首选推荐，对于有手术禁忌、等待手术以及家长因多种原因拒绝手术者，上述药物可作为推荐的保守治疗方法。但目前国内外关于糖皮质激素联合孟鲁司特钠的药效及不良反应尚缺少高质量RCT证据，也缺乏长期疗效随访研究证据，在长期用药过程中也有可能出现如鼻出血、头痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、精神症状等不良反应。此外，无创正压通气(Noninvasive positive pressureventilation，NPPV)也是OSAS的治疗方法之一。但患儿使用NPPV可产生鼻部症状、眼睛刺激症状和皮肤破损等轻微不良反应，如长期使用，可造成颅面发育异常。
发明内容
本发明提供了抗IgE抗体在用于制备治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征药物中的应用。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述抗IgE抗体为抗IgE单抗。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述抗IgE抗体为奥马珠单抗。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述抗IgE抗体用于治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴有过敏性疾病。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述过敏性疾病为过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、特应性皮炎、过敏性角膜结膜炎、慢性自发性荨麻疹、变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病、食物过敏、尘螨过敏和花粉过敏中的至少一种。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述过敏性鼻炎为中度或重度过敏性鼻炎。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述过敏性哮喘为中度或重度过敏性哮喘。
在一个具体实施方式中，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的血清总IgE、皮肤点刺试验和特异性IgE中的至少一种为阳性。
在一个具体实施方式中，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的总IgE水平高在30IU/ml以上。
在一个具体实施方式中，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的总IgE水平高在100IU/ml以上。
在一个具体实施方式中，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的总IgE水平高在125IU/ml以上。
在一个具体实施方式中，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的总IgE水平高在129IU/ml以上。
本发明的有益效果：
在应用抗IgE抗体(例如奥马珠单抗)治疗中或重度哮喘过程中，发明人首次发现抗IgE抗体对OSAS有较好的疗效，通过使用抗IgE抗体的代替治疗可以有效避免手术或现有常规药物治疗的相关风险和不良反应。
具体实施方式
以下通过优选的实施案例的形式对本发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明，但其不构成对本发明的限制。
如无特别说明，本发明的实施例中的试剂均可通过商业途径购买。
注射用奥马珠单抗是一种重组的人源化单克隆抗体，为抗IgE靶向生物制剂。
鉴于国内对使用奥马珠单抗的患儿有一定标准要求，因此，患儿需同时满足如下标准方可纳入：(1)过敏原检测阳性：血清总IgE、皮肤点刺试验或特异性IgE(即过敏患者的血清中存在着具有变应原特异性的IgE，sIgE)阳性。(2)软式纤维光学内窥镜检查显示腺样体肥大II-IV级。(3)年龄≥6岁且<18岁，过敏性哮喘的诊断符合中国儿童支气管哮喘诊断与防治指南(2016年版)，经第3级规范哮喘药物治疗能够达到完全控制的中度哮喘；经第4或第5级规范哮喘药物治疗能够达到完全控制，或即使经过上述治疗仍不能够完全控制的重度哮喘。(4)所有患者均经过吸入性糖皮质激素+长效支气管舒张剂常规治疗，控制不佳≥3个月。(5)患儿或其监护人能配合医务人员完成调查问卷。
排除标准：(1)对奥马珠单抗活性成分或者其他辅料有过敏反应的患者；(2)哮喘急性加重或急性发作的患儿；(3)总IgE<30kU/L的患儿；(4)有全身疾病史、腺样体切除术史、中耳炎病史、颅面畸形史。
具体根据表1、患儿总IgE水平和患儿体重(kg)确定奥马珠单抗合适的给药剂量和给药频率，见表2，用药持续到第16周。其中，奥马珠单抗给药的最大推荐剂量为600mg，每2周1次，因此，总IgE＞1500IU/mL的患者推荐奥马珠单抗按最大给药剂量(600mg，每2周1次)用药，以达到用药后降低患者血清游离IgE的目的。若每次给药剂量≤150mg，则于1个部位皮下注射；若剂量＞150mg，则按需分1-4个部位分别皮下注射。
表1
基于以上标准共获得6名患儿，将6名患儿依次标记为患儿1至患儿6。
患儿的年龄见表2。
对患儿的体重进行称重，结果见表2。
患儿所得过敏性哮喘或和敏性鼻炎的程度见表2。
在开始使用奥马珠单抗治疗之前采用化学发光免疫测定法测定患儿的基线总IgE水平，结果见表2。
表2
通过多导睡眠图(polysomnography，PSG)检查患儿的呼吸暂停低通气指数(apneahypopnea index，AHI，即每夜睡眠中平均每小时呼吸暂停与低通气的次数之和)、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(obstructive apnea index，OAI，即每夜睡眠中平均每小时阻塞型呼吸暂停事件的次数)及最低血氧饱和度(lowest pulse oxygen saturation，LoSpO2，即每夜睡眠中监测到的最低血氧饱和度)，以评估患儿夜间睡眠质量和呼吸情况。
在开始使用奥马珠单抗治疗之前和治疗之后16周测定患儿的AHI、OAI和LoSpO2，结果见表3。
根据表3的结果可知，通过奥马珠单抗治疗16周后，6名患儿的AHI、OAI及LoSpO2均较治疗前明显好转。
表3
Claims (2)
1.抗IgE抗体在用于制备治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征药物中的应用，其中，所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴有过敏性疾病和腺样体肥大II至IV级，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的血清总IgE、皮肤点刺试验和特异性IgE中的至少一种为阳性；所述过敏性疾病为过敏性哮喘；所述过敏性哮喘为中度或重度过敏性哮喘；
所述抗IgE抗体为奥马珠单抗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，在使用所述抗IgE抗体治疗前，患有所述阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的个体的总IgE水平在100IU/ml以上。
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| CN108339118A (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-07-31 | 瑞阳(苏州)生物科技有限公司 | 治疗或预防阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的药物组合物 |
| CN109310699A (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2019-02-05 | 扬·赫德纳 | 用于治疗睡眠呼吸暂停症的磺斯安 |
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| CN103458899A (zh) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-12-18 | 辉达斯医学研究所 | 治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的方法 |
| CN109310699A (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2019-02-05 | 扬·赫德纳 | 用于治疗睡眠呼吸暂停症的磺斯安 |
| CN108339118A (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-07-31 | 瑞阳(苏州)生物科技有限公司 | 治疗或预防阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的药物组合物 |
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