CN114504607A - Extraction method of cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol, cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles and application of cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles - Google Patents
Extraction method of cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol, cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles and application of cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting cajan leaf polyphenol, cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant extraction. The method for extracting the cajan leaf polyphenol from the aqueous solution of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is green and environment-friendly, low in energy consumption and cost, high in extraction rate of the cajan leaf polyphenol and equivalent to the extraction effect of 70% ethanol; in addition, the extraction method provided by the invention is simple to operate. The invention also provides the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles obtained by the extraction method, wherein the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles comprise 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and cajan leaf polyphenol embedded in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good water solubility, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and antitumor cell proliferation activity, can be widely applied to pharmaceutical preparations, food additives and cosmetic additives, and have good economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting cajan leaf polyphenol, cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles and application of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles.
Background
Pigeons (Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.) are annual or perennial upright shrubs of the genus Cajanus of the family Dolabean, and are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, and the pigeons are mainly produced in Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places in China. The pigeon pea yield ranks sixth in the world bean yield, is also the only edible woody bean crop, has wide application, and can be used as grain, feed, vegetables, food additives and the like. According to records in 'Luchuan herbal medicine', the pigeonpea leaves are neutral and light, have the efficacy of detoxifying and reducing swelling, and are used for treating trauma, burn infection, bedsore, chicken pox, femoral head necrosis, diabetes and other diseases in China.
Modern pharmacological studies show that the pigeon pea leaves contain polyphenol components with good activity, such as flavonoids, stilbenes and the like, and the active components have good effects of resisting oxidation, bacteria and tumors, diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, resisting osteoporosis, protecting heart and brain ischemia injury and the like. In view of these pharmacological actions, cajan leaves have been developed into various pharmaceutical preparations, for example, patent CN200510004897.6 discloses a compound cajan leaf Chinese medicinal preparation, patent CN200510004898.0 discloses a Chinese medicinal preparation prepared from cajan leaf extract for treating bone fracture diseases, patent CN202011331572.x discloses a Chinese medicinal preparation prepared from cajan leaves and other Chinese medicinal materials for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, and patent CN201010592727.5 discloses a cajan stilbene acid preparation for preventing and treating bacterial infectious diseases. The preparation is prepared by extracting active ingredients from folium Cajani.
Extraction is the key to qualitative, quantitative analysis and development and utilization of active ingredients in plant materials. At present, the active ingredients of the cajan leaves are mainly extracted by an organic solvent extraction method, such as an organic solvent of ethanol or ethyl acetate, or a high-temperature decoction method. The organic solvent has certain toxicity, and poses threats to human health and environment; the high-temperature decoction can destroy the structure of the compound in the pigeon pea leaves, and the energy consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for extracting cajan leaf polyphenol, cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles, and applications thereof. The extraction method provided by the invention is environment-friendly, low in energy consumption and high in extraction rate of the cajan leaf polyphenol.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for extracting cajan leaf polyphenol, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and the cajan leaf powder, and performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain an extracting solution;
under the condition of stirring, dropwise adding the extracting solution into absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a nano-particle suspension;
and sequentially carrying out rotary evaporation and freeze drying on the nanoparticle suspension to obtain the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles.
Preferably, the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution is 20-60 mg/mL; the ratio of the volume of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution to the mass of the cajan leaf powder is 50mL (1-3 g).
Preferably, the particle size of the cajan leaf powder is 20-60 meshes.
Preferably, the power of ultrasonic extraction is 100-200W, the time is 10-30 min, and the temperature is 20-40 ℃.
Preferably, the stirring speed is 100-300 rpm.
Preferably, the dropping rate is 0.3-0.8 mL/min; the volume ratio of the extracting solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 3-1: 5.
Preferably, the temperature of the rotary evaporation is 45-50 ℃, and the pressure is 0-0.1 MPa; the freeze drying is vacuum freeze drying, the temperature of the vacuum freeze drying is-45 to-50 ℃, and the time is 48 to 72 hours.
The invention provides the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles obtained by the extraction method in the technical scheme, and the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles comprise 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and cajan leaf polyphenol embedded in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
Preferably, the particle size of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles is 20-300 nm, and the mass content of cajan leaf polyphenol in the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles is 1-3%.
The invention also provides application of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles in pharmaceutical preparations, food additives and cosmetic additives.
The invention provides a method for extracting cajan leaf polyphenol, which comprises the following steps: mixing the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and the cajan leaf powder, and performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain an extracting solution; under the condition of stirring, dropwise adding the extracting solution into absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a nano-particle suspension; and sequentially carrying out rotary evaporation and freeze drying on the nanoparticle suspension to obtain the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles. According to the invention, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution is used as an extractant of cajan leaf polyphenol, most of cajan leaves are hydrophobic polyphenol compounds, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is hydrophilic in appearance and hydrophobic in inner cavity, and cajan leaf polyphenol compounds can be embedded through the inner cavity, so that extraction of cajan leaf polyphenol is realized. The method for extracting the cajan leaf polyphenol from the aqueous solution of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is green and environment-friendly, low in energy consumption and cost, high in extraction rate of the cajan leaf polyphenol, and equivalent to the extraction effect of 70% ethanol in volume concentration; in addition, the extraction method provided by the invention is simple to operate.
The invention also provides the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles obtained by the extraction method in the technical scheme, wherein the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles comprise 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and cajan leaf polyphenol embedded in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. In the invention, due to the embedding effect of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, the cajan leaf polyphenol can be prevented from being oxidized, the stability and the biological activity of the cajan leaf polyphenol are effectively maintained, and the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and antitumor cell proliferation activity; in addition, the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin has good water solubility, so that the water solubility of the hydrophobic cajan leaf polyphenol can be improved, and the release of the cajan leaf polyphenol in a human body is facilitated; in addition, the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles are in a nanometer level, have a large specific surface area and are favorable for digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal environment of a human body. The cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles provided by the invention can be widely applied to pharmaceutical preparations, food additives and cosmetic additives, and have good economic value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for extracting polyphenols from cajan leaves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the nanoparticle suspension obtained in example 3;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of nanoparticles obtained after freeze-drying in example 3;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles obtained after freeze-drying in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for extracting cajan leaf polyphenol, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and the cajan leaf powder, and performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain an extracting solution;
under the condition of stirring, dropwise adding the extracting solution into absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a nano-particle suspension;
and sequentially carrying out rotary evaporation and freeze drying on the nanoparticle suspension to obtain the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles.
The invention mixes 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and cajan leaf powder for ultrasonic extraction to obtain extract. In the invention, the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution is preferably 20-60 mg/mL, more preferably 30-50 mg/mL, and further preferably 40 mg/mL; the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution is obtained by dissolving 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in water, and the water is preferably distilled water. The source of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is not particularly required in the present invention, and can be obtained by using a commercially available product well known to those skilled in the art or by using a method well known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the particle size of the cajan leaf powder is preferably 20-60 meshes, more preferably 40 meshes, and the cajan leaf powder with the particle size is preferably obtained by crushing cajan leaves. In the present invention, the ratio of the volume of the 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin aqueous solution to the mass of the cajan leaf powder (i.e., the liquid-solid ratio) is preferably 50mL (1-3) g, more preferably 50mL (1-2) g, and still more preferably 50mL (1 g). In the present invention, the specific operation method of the mixing is preferably: putting the powder of cajan leaves in a closed container, and then adding the aqueous solution of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. In the invention, the power of ultrasonic extraction is preferably 100-200W, more preferably 100-150W, the time is preferably 10-30 min, more preferably 20-30 min, and the temperature is preferably 20-40 ℃, more preferably 30 ℃. After ultrasonic extraction, the invention preferably filters the obtained mixed solution to remove filter residues, and the obtained filtrate is the extracting solution.
Cyclodextrin (CD for short) is a series of cyclic oligosaccharides, and usually contains 6-12D-glucopyranose units, the cavity of the Cyclodextrin is hydrophobic, the exterior of the Cyclodextrin is hydrophilic, the inner diameter of the cavity is related to the number of glucose units of the Cyclodextrin, the number of the glucose units of alpha, beta and gamma-CDs is respectively 6, 7 and 8, and the inner diameter of the Cyclodextrin is respectively 0.57, 0.78 and 0.95 nm. The cyclodextrin can encapsulate a plurality of bioactive components due to a special hydrophobic cavity structure, namely, a guest molecule is complexed with CD to form an inclusion body according to a certain stoichiometric ratio, and the encapsulation effect enables the guest molecule to avoid negative effects such as photodegradation, enzymatic decomposition, spatial rearrangement, racemization, oxidation and even hydrolysis. The water solubility of beta-CD can be improved by forming hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) by introducing hydroxypropyl into beta-CD through intramolecular hydrogen bonds due to intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed between hydroxyl groups of beta-cyclodextrin C2 and C3, so that the water solubility of beta-CD is poor, and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HP-beta-CD) is formed by connecting hydroxypropyl on C2. The 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin has the characteristics of hydrophilic appearance and hydrophobic inner cavity, can be used as an extractant of the cajan leaf polyphenol, and has good water solubility, so that the water solubility of the hydrophobic cajan leaf polyphenol can be improved.
After the extracting solution is obtained, the extracting solution is dripped into absolute ethyl alcohol under the stirring condition to obtain the nanoparticle suspension. In the invention, the stirring speed is preferably 100-300 rpm, and more preferably 200 rpm; the dripping rate is preferably 0.3-0.8 mL/min, and more preferably 0.5 mL/min; the volume ratio of the extracting solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol is preferably 1: 3-1: 5, and more preferably 1: 4; after the addition, stirring is preferably continued for 30 min. The invention adopts an anti-solvent nano precipitation method to obtain a nano particle suspension.
After the nano-particle suspension is obtained, the nano-particle suspension is sequentially subjected to rotary evaporation and freeze drying to obtain the cajan leaf polyphenol nano-particles. In the invention, the rotary evaporation temperature is preferably 45-50 ℃, and the pressure is preferably 0-0.1 MPa; according to the invention, ethanol in the nanoparticle suspension is removed through the rotary evaporation to obtain the concentrated nanoparticle suspension, and the time of the rotary evaporation is based on the full removal of the ethanol. In the invention, the freeze drying is preferably vacuum freeze drying, the temperature of the vacuum freeze drying is preferably-45 to-50 ℃, and the time is preferably 48 to 72 hours; the vacuum freeze-drying is preferably performed by a vacuum freeze-dryer.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the process for extracting polyphenol from cajan leaves according to the embodiment of the invention. The method for extracting the cajan leaf polyphenol from the aqueous solution of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is green and environment-friendly, low in energy consumption and cost, high in extraction rate of the cajan leaf polyphenol, and equivalent to the extraction effect of 70% ethanol in volume concentration; in addition, the extraction method provided by the invention is simple to operate.
The invention provides the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles obtained by the extraction method in the technical scheme, and the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles comprise 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and cajan leaf polyphenol embedded in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. In the invention, the particle size of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles is preferably 20-300 nm, and the mass content (namely the loading rate) of cajan leaf polyphenol in the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles is preferably 1-3%, and more preferably 1.5-3%. In the invention, due to the embedding effect of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, the cajan leaf polyphenol can be prevented from being oxidized, the stability and the biological activity of the cajan leaf polyphenol are effectively maintained, and the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and anti-liver cancer cell proliferation activity; in addition, the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin has good water solubility, so that the water solubility of the hydrophobic cajan leaf polyphenol can be improved, and the release of the cajan leaf polyphenol in a human body is facilitated.
The invention also provides application of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles in pharmaceutical preparations, food additives and cosmetic additives. In the invention, the cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good anti-tumor cell proliferation activity, especially have good anti-liver cancer cell proliferation activity, and can be used for preparing anti-tumor pharmaceutical preparations; the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity, can be used as a food additive and play a role in keeping food fresh; the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good antioxidant activity, can be added into cosmetics as a cosmetic additive, and have the effects of resisting oxidation and preventing aging.
The extraction method of cajan leaf polyphenol, cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles and their applications provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example prepares cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HP-beta-CD) with simultaneous extraction and entrapment. Respectively preparing 2-HP-beta-CD aqueous solutions with the concentrations of 20mg/mL, 40mg/mL and 60mg/mL, and examining the influence of the concentration of the extracting agent on the extraction effect and the embedding effect of the cajan leaf polyphenol so as to select the optimal 2-HP-beta-CD concentration. The method comprises the following steps:
mixing the powder of the cajan leaves crushed to 40 meshes with aqueous solutions of 2-HP-beta-CD with different concentrations, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 50mL:1g, the ultrasonic time is 30min, the ultrasonic temperature is 30 ℃, and the ultrasonic power is 100W. Filtering out filter residues after extraction is finished, dripping the obtained filtrate into 4 times of volume of absolute ethyl alcohol at a slow dripping speed, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer while titrating, wherein the titration speed is 0.5mL/min, the rotating speed of magnetic stirring is 200rpm, and continuously stirring for 30min after titration is finished to obtain the nanoparticle suspension. The obtained nanoparticle suspension was subjected to ethanol removal at 45 ℃ and-0.1 MPa by a rotary evaporator to obtain a nanoparticle suspension having a volume of 5 mL. Finally, placing the nanoparticle suspension liquid with the compressed volume in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying, wherein the freeze drying conditions are as follows: and (4) the temperature is-45 ℃, and the time is 48 hours, so that the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles are obtained.
The extraction rate, embedding rate, loading rate and water solubility of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles were measured, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of aqueous 2-HP-beta-CD solutions of different concentrations on the extraction of Mucuna cajan leaf polyphenols and the water solubility of Mucuna cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles
In table 1, water solubility refers to the mass (mg) of polyphenol compound that can be dissolved in 1mL of aqueous solution, and the test method is: weighing 1mg of dried cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles, calculating and weighing equivalent 2-HP-beta-CD as a blank control according to the loading rate, respectively placing the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles and the 2-HP-beta-CD as the blank control into 1mL of aqueous solution, oscillating for 24h at room temperature, and then determining the polyphenol content in the solution; the extraction rate, the embedding rate and the loading rate are calculated according to the formulas 1 to 3 respectively:
in formulas 1 to 3, the determination method of the mass of the embedded polyphenol and the mass of the extracted polyphenol is as follows:
(1) washing freeze-dried pigeon pea leaf polyphenol nanoparticles twice by using absolute ethyl alcohol, collecting washing liquid, wherein polyphenol in the washing liquid is non-embedded polyphenol (namely free polyphenol), measuring the polyphenol content in the washing liquid, and further calculating the quality of the free polyphenol;
(2) drying the nano particles washed by absolute ethyl alcohol, adding an alcohol: water: acetic acid 50: 42:8 (volume ratio), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the obtained mixed solution for 20min to determine the polyphenol content in the mixed solution, namely the embedded polyphenol content, and further calculating the quality of the embedded polyphenol;
(3) the mass of extracted polyphenols, i.e. free polyphenols mass + embedded polyphenols mass, was calculated.
In the steps (1) and (2), the method for measuring the polyphenol content comprises the following steps: sample 40. mu.L, add 1.8mL FC reagent (Fulin reagent), protect from light for 5min, then add 1.2mL 7.5% Na2CO3And keeping away from light for 1.5h, and measuring the light absorption value A at 765 nm. According to the established standard curve: and (3) calculating the polyphenol concentration and further calculating the polyphenol content when Y is 1.0444X +0.0414, wherein Y is the absorbance value and X is the concentration in the standard curve.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the higher the concentration of the aqueous solution of 2-HP-beta-CD, the higher the entrapment rate, but the loading rate and the water solubility were decreased, and since the amount of 2-beta-CD added was increased, the amount of extracted cajan leaf polyphenol compounds was also increased, but the increased amount was far from the increased amount of 2-beta-CD. The extraction amount and the cost of 2-HP-beta-CD are comprehensively considered, and the concentration of 2-beta-CD is selected to be 40mg/mL as the optimal selection.
Example 2
This example prepares cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HP-beta-CD) with simultaneous extraction and entrapment. Respectively setting the ratio (liquid-solid ratio) of the volume of the 2-HP-beta-CD aqueous solution to the mass of the pigeon pea leaves to be 50mL:1g, 50mL:2g and 50mL:3g, and investigating the influence of the liquid-solid ratio on the extraction effect and the embedding effect to select the optimal liquid-solid ratio, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
mixing the powder of folium Cajani pulverized to 40 meshes with 40mg/mL 2-HP-beta-CD aqueous solution at 30 deg.C for 30min, and ultrasonic power of 100W. Filtering out filter residues after extraction is finished, dripping the obtained filtrate into 4 times of volume of absolute ethyl alcohol at a slow dripping speed, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer while titrating, wherein the titration speed is 0.5mL/min, the rotating speed of magnetic stirring is 200rpm, and continuously stirring for 30min after titration is finished to obtain the nanoparticle suspension. The obtained nanoparticle suspension was subjected to ethanol removal at 45 ℃ and-0.1 MPa by a rotary evaporator to obtain a nanoparticle suspension having a volume of 5 mL. Finally, placing the nanoparticle suspension liquid with the compressed volume in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying, wherein the freeze drying conditions are as follows: and (4) the temperature is-45 ℃, and the time is 48 hours, so that the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles are obtained.
The extraction rate, embedding rate, loading rate and water solubility of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles were measured, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 extraction of polyphenols from cajan leaves with different liquid-solid ratios
As can be seen from Table 2, as the liquid-solid ratio decreased, although the entrapment rate, loading rate, and water solubility all increased, the amount of polyphenol extracted was greatly decreased, and the optimum condition was selected to be 50:1 for a consistent cost of 2-HP- β -CD.
Example 3
This example utilizes 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin (2-HP- β -CD) to simultaneously extract and embed pigeonpea leaf polyphenol nanoparticles as follows:
mixing the powder of folium Cajani pulverized to 40 meshes with 40mg/mL 2-HP-beta-CD aqueous solution at a liquid-solid ratio of 50mL to 1g, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 30 deg.C for 30min with ultrasonic power of 100W. Filtering out filter residues after extraction is finished, dripping the obtained filtrate into 4 times of volume of absolute ethyl alcohol at a slow dripping speed, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer while titrating, wherein the titration speed is 0.5mL/min, the rotating speed of magnetic stirring is 200rpm, and continuously stirring for 30min after titration is finished to obtain the nanoparticle suspension. The obtained nanoparticle suspension was subjected to ethanol removal at 45 ℃ and-0.1 MPa by a rotary evaporator to obtain a nanoparticle suspension having a volume of 5 mL. Finally, placing the nanoparticle suspension liquid with the compressed volume in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying, wherein the freeze drying conditions are as follows: the temperature is-45 ℃, the time is 48h, and the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles are obtained.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the nanoparticle suspension (before rotary evaporation), and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle suspension are irregular spherical and have a particle size of 20-300 nm.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the nanoparticles obtained after freeze-drying, during which the nanoparticles are aggregated into a flake shape.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles obtained after freeze-drying, wherein the particle size range of the nanoparticles is 20-300 nm.
Comparative example
The comparative example uses ethanol with volume concentration of 70% as an extraction solvent, and adopts an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method to extract the cajan leaf polyphenol, and the method comprises the following steps:
mixing the powder of folium Cajani pulverized to 40 meshes with 70% ethanol solution at a liquid-solid ratio of 50mL:1g, and ultrasonic treating at 30 deg.C for 30min and 100W. Filtering out filter residue after extraction is finished, removing ethanol from the obtained filtrate by using a rotary evaporator under the conditions of 45 ℃ and-0.1 MPa to obtain extract, and dispersing the extract by using 5mL of distilled water. And (3) placing the dispersed extract into a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying, wherein the freeze drying conditions are as follows: heating to-45 deg.C for 48 hr to obtain dried folium Cajani ethanol extract.
The nanoparticles obtained in example 3 and the cajan leaf extract obtained in the comparative example were subjected to activity studies, and their DPPH free radical clearance rate, antibacterial activity and anti-hepatoma cell proliferation activity were measured, respectively, by the following methods:
the method for measuring DPPH free radical clearance rate comprises the following steps: mixing 0.1mL of sample solutions with different concentration gradients with 1mL (0.04mg/mL) of DPPH solution, and then adding 1.4mL of absolute ethanol; subsequently, the mixture was kept in the dark for 70 minutes, and the absorbance of the mixture was measured at 517nm, with ascorbic acid as a positive control. The calculation is performed according to equation 4:
in formula 4, ASample (I)Is the ethanol extraction of cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles or cajan leavesAbsorbance of the sample; a. theBlank spaceThe absorbance of the blank control is the blank control of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticle sample, the blank control of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticle sample is 2-HP-beta-CD calculated by the loading rate of the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticle sample, and the blank control of the cajan leaf ethanol extract sample is ethanol with the volume concentration of 70%.
The determination method of the antibacterial activity comprises the following steps: the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles and ethanol extracts against gram-positive bacteria (bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus) was evaluated by the agar diffusion method. All samples tested were dissolved in DMSO and filtered through a 0.22 μm filter. First, these bacteria were cultured in a nutrient broth at 37 ℃ for 24h and diluted with water to a concentration of 1X 105CFU/mL, 100. mu.L of the bacterial suspension was dispensed onto agar plates (90 mm diameter); subsequently, 20. mu.L of the filtered sample was transferred to an Oxford cup (6mm inner diameter, 8mm outer diameter) on the surface of the agar. Ampicillin and DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After the bacteria were cultured at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, the antibacterial activity of the sample was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition (DIZ).
The method for measuring the anti-hepatoma cell proliferation activity comprises the following steps: the anti-proliferative activity of nanoparticles and ethanol extracts against HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) was evaluated and compared using the MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The cells were cultured in a DMEM high-sugar medium, to which 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin were added, and cultured in a humidified 5% carbon dioxide incubator at 37 ℃. When the cells reached an exponential growth phase (80-90%), they were transferred to 96-well plates and cultured for 24 hours. Samples to be tested were dissolved in DMSO (0.1% v/v) to prepare samples at different concentrations (50-600. mu.g/mL) and added to the cells. After 24 hours, the viability of the cells was measured using MTT, i.e., after the culture was completed, the medium was removed, and the cells were treated with 20. mu.L of MTT reagent (0.5mg/mL) and maintained at 37 ℃ for 4 hours. Next, the generated formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO; the absorbance was then measured at 570nm with a microplate reader. Control group was DMSO without sample solution. Finally, cell viability was calculated as the percentage of viable cells relative to the control group.
The results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Couma leaf nanoparticles and ethanol extract extraction yield versus activity comparison results
As can be seen from Table 3, the nanoparticles have stronger antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-hepatoma cell proliferation activities than the ethanol extract.
The embodiment shows that the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution is used for extracting the cajan leaf polyphenol, so that the method is green and environment-friendly, the extraction rate of the cajan leaf polyphenol is high, and the extraction method is simple to operate; the obtained cajanus cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles have good water solubility, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and anti-liver cancer cell proliferation activity.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction method of the cajan leaf polyphenol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and the cajan leaf powder, and performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain an extracting solution;
under the condition of stirring, dropwise adding the extracting solution into absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a nano-particle suspension;
and sequentially carrying out rotary evaporation and freeze drying on the nanoparticle suspension to obtain the cajan leaf polyphenol nanoparticles.
2. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin aqueous solution is 20-60 mg/mL; the ratio of the volume of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution to the mass of the cajan leaf powder is 50mL (1-3 g).
3. The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the cajan leaf powder is 20 to 60 mesh.
4. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the power of the ultrasonic extraction is 100-200W, the time is 10-30 min, and the temperature is 20-40 ℃.
5. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed is 100 to 300 rpm.
6. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the dropping rate is 0.3 to 0.8 mL/min; the volume ratio of the extracting solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 3-1: 5.
7. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the rotary evaporation temperature is 45-50 ℃ and the pressure is 0-0.1 MPa; the freeze drying is vacuum freeze drying, the temperature of the vacuum freeze drying is-45 to-50 ℃, and the time is 48 to 72 hours.
8. The pigeonpea leaf polyphenol nanoparticles obtained by the extraction method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pigeonpea leaf polyphenol nanoparticles comprise 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and pigeonpea leaf polyphenol embedded in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
9. The cajanus leaf polyphenol nanoparticle according to claim 8, wherein the particle size of the cajanus leaf polyphenol nanoparticle is 20-300 nm, and the mass content of cajanus leaf polyphenol in the cajanus leaf polyphenol nanoparticle is 1-3%.
10. Use of the pigeonpea leaf polyphenol nanoparticles of claim 8 or 9 in pharmaceutical preparations, food additives and cosmetic additives.
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| 朱兴一等: "响应面法优化β-环糊精辅助提取茶多酚的工艺", 《江苏农业科学》 * |
| 李里特: "《粮食加工新技术 中日食品新技术研讨会论文集》", 31 January 2001 * |
| 王周利等: "响应面法优化β-环糊精提取葡萄叶白藜芦醇工艺", 《食品科学》 * |
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