CN114499685B - Signal processing method, transmitting terminal system, electronic device and storage medium - Google Patents
Signal processing method, transmitting terminal system, electronic device and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114499685B CN114499685B CN202210110956.1A CN202210110956A CN114499685B CN 114499685 B CN114499685 B CN 114499685B CN 202210110956 A CN202210110956 A CN 202210110956A CN 114499685 B CN114499685 B CN 114499685B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
- H04B10/504—Laser transmitters using direct modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a signal processing method, a transmitting end system, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of processing a first modulation electric signal by using a direct modulation laser according to a preset working mode to generate a first optical signal; modulating the first optical signal by using a first intensity modulator based on a second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, the second optical signal comprises a plurality of first sub-signals in different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different coded information; extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from the plurality of third modulation electric signals by using the second intensity modulator for each target first sub-signal so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of quantum communication technology, and more particularly, to a signal processing method, a transmitting end system of a quantum key distribution system, an electronic device, a computer readable storage medium, and a computer program product.
Background
Quantum communication combines quantum physics principles with modern communication technologies. The quantum communication guarantees the security of the process and the result of the remote key negotiation by the physical principle, and can realize secret communication independent of algorithm complexity by combining with a one-time-pad encryption technology.
Currently, quantum cryptography uses primarily photons as implementation carriers, distributed through free space or fibre channel. Classical random bits are loaded on physical quantities such as polarization, phase and the like of light quanta by means of polarization coding, phase coding and the like.
In the process of implementing the disclosed concept, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the related art: the volume and cost of the transmitting end system in the related art are high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal processing method, a transmitting end system of a quantum key distribution system, an electronic device, a computer readable storage medium, and a computer program product.
An aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal processing method applied to a transmitting end system of a quantum key distribution system, where the method includes:
processing a first modulated electrical signal by a direct-tuning laser according to a preset working mode to generate a first optical signal, wherein the first modulated electrical signal is generated in response to key generation operation, and the preset working mode comprises the step of enabling the direct-tuning laser to be in a working state or a non-working state in a randomly selected part of pulse time;
Modulating the first optical signal by using a first intensity modulator based on a second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, the second optical signal comprises a plurality of first sub-signals with different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different coded information;
extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and
and randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from a plurality of third modulation electric signals by using a second intensity modulator for each target first sub-signal so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal processing method further includes:
processing each third optical signal by using an optical attenuation module to obtain a fourth optical signal of a plurality of single photons; and
and transmitting a plurality of the fourth optical signals to a receiving end so that the receiving end detects each of the third optical signals.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset extraction rule includes extracting according to a preset ratio;
Wherein the extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule includes:
determining the extraction number of the selected first sub-signals according to the preset proportion and the number of the first sub-signals;
randomly extracting the preset number of first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on the extracted number of the selected second optical signals; and
and determining the extracted preset number of the first sub-signals as the target first sub-signals.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first optical signal includes a plurality of time-spaced second sub-signals;
wherein, the processing the first modulated electrical signal according to a preset working mode by using the direct modulation laser to generate a first optical signal includes:
based on preset probability, controlling the direct-tuning laser module to switch in different preset working modes, wherein the preset working modes comprise a working state and a non-working state, and the direct-tuning laser module in the working state is in a gain switch working mode; and
processing the first modulated electrical signal in the time interval to obtain the second sub-signal under the condition that the preset working mode is the working state;
And generating the first optical signal according to the plurality of second sub-signals and the time interval corresponding to each second sub-signal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset intensity includes at least one of: the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity and the third preset intensity;
wherein, for each of the target first sub-signals, the second intensity modulator randomly selects one of the third modulation electric signals from a plurality of third modulation electric signals to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal, and generates a third optical signal with an intensity conforming to a preset intensity, and the method comprises:
randomly selecting one of the third modulated electrical signals from a plurality of the third modulated electrical signals for each of the target first sub-signals;
based on the selected third modulated electrical signal, the target first sub-signal is decoy modulated by the second intensity modulator to generate the third optical signal having an intensity that corresponds to the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity, or the third preset intensity.
According to the present disclosureIn an embodiment, the different quantum states include: state |0 > and state |1 > in Z base, and state in X base Wherein i represents a complex number, the second modulated electrical signal includes a plurality of third sub-signals, each of the first sub-signals having a corresponding pulse period, and intensities of the plurality of third sub-signals include a first intensity, a second intensity, and a third intensity;
wherein the modulating the first optical signal by using the first intensity modulator based on the second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal includes:
for each of the first sub-signals, when the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, modulating the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to the state |0 >, using the third sub-signal in the pulse period;
for each of the first sub-signals, when the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, modulating the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to the state |1 >; and
for each of the first sub-signals, when the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, modulating the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to the state using the third sub-signal in the pulse period
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a transmitting end system of a quantum key distribution system, including:
the direct modulation laser is used for processing a first modulation electric signal according to a preset working mode to generate a first optical signal, wherein the first modulation electric signal is generated in response to key generation operation, and the preset working mode comprises the working state or the non-working state of the direct modulation laser in the randomly selected partial pulse time;
a first intensity modulator for modulating the first optical signal based on a second modulated electrical signal, to obtain a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, the second optical signal comprises a plurality of first sub-signals of different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different encoded information; and
the second intensity modulator is used for extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from a plurality of third modulation electric signals for each target first sub-signal so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the direct modulation laser module, the first intensity modulator, and the second intensity modulator are all integrated on an optical chip;
the transmitting end system further comprises:
the optical attenuation module is used for processing each third optical signal to obtain a plurality of single-photon fourth optical signals; and transmitting a plurality of the fourth optical signals to a receiving end, so that the receiving end detects each of the third optical signals.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including: one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method as described above.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, are configured to implement a method as described above.
Another aspect of the disclosed embodiments provides a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions which, when executed, are to implement a method as described above.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first optical signal is obtained by processing the first modulated electrical signal by using a preset working mode of the direct modulation laser, the first intensity modulator modulates the first optical signal based on the second modulated electrical signal to generate a second optical signal, and the target first sub-signal is extracted from a plurality of first sub-signals in the second optical signal, so that each target first sub-signal is subjected to decoy state modulation by using the second intensity modulator according to a third randomly selected modulated electrical signal, and a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity is generated. The signal processing method only utilizes the direct modulation laser module, the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator to realize the processing of signals in the transmitting end of the quantum key distribution system, thereby reducing the volume and the cost of the transmitting end, and at least partially overcoming the technical problem of higher volume and cost of the transmitting end system in the related technology.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 schematically illustrates three quantum states of time phase encoding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a signal processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a transition diagram of a signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a transition diagram of a signal according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a signal processing method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a transmitting-end system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a transmitting-end system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 8 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device implementing a signal processing method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Where expressions like at least one of "A, B and C, etc. are used, the expressions should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g.," a system having at least one of A, B and C "shall include, but not be limited to, a system having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.).
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a signal processing method, a transmitting end system, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of processing a first modulation electric signal by using a direct-modulation laser according to a pre-non-working mode to generate a first optical signal, wherein the first modulation electric signal is generated in response to key generation operation, and the pre-working mode comprises the step of enabling the direct-modulation laser to be in a working state or a non-working state in a randomly selected part of pulse time; modulating the first optical signal by using a first intensity modulator based on a second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, the second optical signal comprises a plurality of first sub-signals in different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different coded information; extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from the plurality of third modulation electric signals by using the second intensity modulator for each target first sub-signal so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity.
For ease of description of embodiments of the present disclosure, quantum key distribution is first described herein as follows.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates three quantum states of time phase encoding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
A typical quantum key distribution system generally comprises a transmitting end system for encoding a key on an optical signal and a receiving end system for decoding and measuring optical quanta, so that the transmitting end of the quantum key distribution system needs to modulate the optical signal into different quantum states by modulation means, and the different quantum states represent different encoded information.
Time phase encoding is a quantum state encoding scheme. For time phase encoding, the transmitting end needs to randomly modulate three quantum states, the resolution of which is located on the phase measurement basis and the time measurement basis, the three quantum states are the state |0 > and the state |1 > in the Z basis and the state in the X basis respectivelyAs shown in fig. 1 (a), (b) and (c), respectively. Wherein the two states in the Z radical areRespectively, the state that the light pulse exists only on the front time stamp or the rear time stamp, and +.>It means that there are pulsed light signals at both the front and rear time stamps and that the phases of the two pulsed light signals are consecutive. The light intensity corresponding to the three quantum states is the same, meaning that the light intensity is the same in the X base The sum of the light energy of the front and back pulse light signals is the same as the light energy of the two quantum states in the Z base.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a flow chart of a signal processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, the signal processing method may include operations S210 to S240.
In operation S210, the first modulated electrical signal is processed by the direct-tuning laser according to a preset operation mode to generate a first optical signal, wherein the first modulated electrical signal is generated in response to the key generation operation, and the preset operation mode includes enabling the direct-tuning laser to be in an operating state or a non-operating state during a randomly selected part of the pulse time.
In operation S220, the first optical signal is modulated with the first intensity modulator based on the second modulated electrical signal, resulting in a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, the second optical signal comprising a plurality of first sub-signals of different quantum states, the different quantum states characterizing different encoded information.
In operation S230, one or more target first sub-signals are extracted from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule.
In operation S240, for each target first sub-signal, a third modulation electrical signal is randomly selected from the plurality of third modulation electrical signals by using the second intensity modulator to perform decoy-state modulation on the target first sub-signal, so as to generate a third optical signal with intensity conforming to a preset intensity.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the first and second intensity modulators may each comprise a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, MZI waveguide modulator.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the first modulated electrical signal may refer to a periodically varying current signal. The second modulated electrical signal and the third modulated electrical signal are signals of varying voltages randomly generated by the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator, respectively.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset extraction rule may refer to randomly extracting a certain number of first sub-signals according to a preset ratio.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the direct modulation laser generates a first optical signal according to a first modulation value electric signal in a preset working mode, modulates the first optical signal by using a first intensity modulator based on a second electric modulation signal to generate a second optical signal, and extracts a certain number of signals from a plurality of first sub-signals in the second optical signal as target first sub-signals according to a preset extraction rule. And for each target first sub-signal, performing decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal by using a second intensity modulator by using a randomly determined third modulation value electric signal, and generating a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of conversion of signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In an exemplary embodiment, when the preset operation mode is that the direct modulation laser is always in an operation state in a randomly selected part of pulse time, the first optical signal shown in fig. 3 (b) can be generated, and in this case, the phase randomization of the first optical signal in the adjacent pulse time meets the requirement of the quantum key distribution system on the phase randomization of the adjacent quantum state. Generating a third optical signal shown in FIG. 3 (f) from the generated first optical signal, wherein the third optical signal comprises a plurality of sub-signals of different quantum states and different light intensities, the different light intensities comprising a light intensity of 1 (μ) 1 ) And light intensity 2 (mu) 2 )。
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of conversion of signals according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
In another exemplary embodiment, when the preset operation mode is that the direct modulation laser is in an operation state at random and intermittently in a randomly selected part of pulse time, the first optical signal shown in fig. 4 (b) can be generated according to the first modulated electrical signal shown in fig. 4 (a), and in this case, the phase randomization of the first optical signal in the adjacent pulse time meets the requirement of the quantum key distribution system on the phase randomization of the adjacent quantum state. Generating a third optical signal shown in fig. 4 (f) according to the generated first optical signal, wherein the third optical signal comprises a plurality of sub-signals with different quantity sub-states and different light intensities, and the sub-signals in the vacuum state in fig. 4 (f) can be prepared through the preset working mode, and the light intensity 3 of the sub-signals is mu 3 ＝0。
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first optical signal is obtained by processing the first modulated electrical signal by using a preset working mode of the direct modulation laser, the first intensity modulator modulates the first optical signal based on the second modulated electrical signal to generate a second optical signal, and the target first sub-signal is extracted from a plurality of first sub-signals in the second optical signal, so that each target first sub-signal is subjected to decoy state modulation by using the second intensity modulator according to a third randomly selected modulated electrical signal, and a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity is generated. The signal processing method only utilizes the direct modulation laser module, the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator to realize the processing of signals in the transmitting end of the quantum key distribution system, thereby reducing the volume and the cost of the transmitting end, and at least partially overcoming the technical problem of higher volume and cost of the transmitting end system in the related technology.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the different quantum states include: state |0 > and state |1 > in Z base, and state in X baseWherein i characterizes the complex number, the second modulated electrical signal comprises a plurality of third sub-signals, each first sub-signal having a corresponding pulse period, the intensities of the plurality of third sub-signals comprising a first intensity, a second intensity and a third intensity Three intensities.
As shown in fig. 3 or fig. 4, modulating the first optical signal with the first intensity modulator based on the second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal may include the following operations:
for each first sub-signal, when the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, the third sub-signal in the pulse period is used to modulate the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period into a state |0 >.
For each first sub-signal, when the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, the third sub-signal in the pulse period is used to modulate the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period into a state |1 >.
For each first sub-signal, in the case that the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, modulating the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period into a state by using the third sub-signal in the pulse period
In an exemplary embodiment, in the case where the intensity of the third sub-signal is c1 in fig. 3 (c), the corresponding first sub-signal may be modulated to state 1, i.e., state |0 >. In case the intensity of the third sub-signal is shown as c2 in fig. 3 (c), the corresponding first sub-signal may be modulated to state 2, i.e. state |1 >. In case the intensity of the third sub-signal is shown as c3 in fig. 3 (c), the corresponding first sub-signal may be modulated to state 3, i.e. state
When the first sub-signal is modulated to generate the second optical signal with multiple different quantum states, the modulation may be performed according to the voltage level of the second modulated electrical signal, for example, the optical signal may be set to pass when the voltage level is higher than a preset voltage value, that is, the optical signal may be modulated to a corresponding quantum state, and the optical signal may not pass when the voltage level is lower than the preset voltage value, that is, the optical signal may be absorbed. In the case where one optical signal is modulated into two sub-signals, the phases of the two sub-signals are continuous, meeting the requirements of quantum key distribution quantum state preparation.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a flow chart of a signal processing method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 5, the above signal processing method may further include the following operations:
and processing each third optical signal by using an optical attenuation module to obtain a fourth optical signal of a plurality of single photons. And transmitting a plurality of fourth optical signals to the receiving end so that the receiving end detects each third optical signal.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, after modulation is complete, the quantum state of the third optical signal may be attenuated into single photon quanta using an optical attenuation module and then transmitted to a receiving end over a channel, which may include, but is not limited to, a fiber optic channel.
In an exemplary embodiment, the third optical signals in various quantum states output by the transmitting end system are transmitted to the receiving end system through a channel, and first, the third optical signals are passed through an optical fiber beam splitter, where the optical fiber beam splitter can split the incident third optical signals according to a preset beam splitting ratio to obtain a first receiving signal and a second receiving signal, for example, where the preset beam splitting ratio is 90:10, and transmitting the 10% quantum state to the inequality arm interferometer for interference, and then entering single light to be detected in the detector 1 and the single photon detector 2 as a result of interference. The other 90% of the quantum states are located in the second received signal and transmitted to the single photon detector 3 for detection. At this time, the single photon detector 1 and the single photon detector 2 are aligned in the quantum state X-baseThe states are measured, while the single photon detector 3 measures states |0 > and |1 > in the Z-base.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the base pairing results of the transmitting end system and the receiving end system are combined according to the current measurement result, and the post-processing procedures such as error code estimation, secret amplification and the like are carried out, so that the security key can be finally generated.
It should be noted that, the system structures of the receiving end systems listed in the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative for the disclosure, and the disclosure is not limited to being connected to the receiving end systems in the foregoing embodiments, but may include other types of receiving end systems.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset extraction rule includes extracting according to a preset ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, extracting one or more target first sub-signals from a plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule may include the following operations:
and determining the extraction number of the selected first sub-signals according to the preset proportion and the number of the first sub-signals. And randomly extracting a preset number of first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-optical signals based on the extracted number of the selected second optical signals. And determining the extracted preset number of first sub-signals as target first sub-signals.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the preset proportion can be specifically set according to the error rate, the communication distance and the system parameters of the quantum key distribution system.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, according to a preset ratio p i (i=1, 2, 3) randomly extracting a predetermined number of target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-optical signals so that the second intensity modulator modulates the target first sub-signals to modulate the target first sub-signals of a certain quantum state to have a light intensity mu 1 Or mu 2 Is included in the first optical signal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first optical signal comprises a plurality of time-spaced second sub-signals.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, processing a first modulated electrical signal in a preset operation mode with a direct modulation laser to generate a first optical signal may include the following operations:
based on the preset probability, the direct-tuning laser module is controlled to be switched in different preset working modes, wherein the preset working modes comprise a working state and a non-working state, and the direct-tuning laser module in the working state is in a gain switch working mode.
And under the condition that the preset working mode is in a working state, processing the first modulation electric signal in the time interval to obtain a second sub-signal. The first optical signal is generated according to the plurality of second sub-signals and the time interval corresponding to each of the second sub-signals.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the preset probability may be specifically set according to actual requirements, where in the case that the preset probability is 0, that is, the direct-tuning laser is always in a working state, a first optical signal shown in fig. 3 may be obtained at this time; in the case where the preset probability is not 0, that is, the direct-tuning laser is randomly switched between the active state and the inactive state, the first optical signal shown in fig. 4 may be obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset intensity includes at least one of: the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity and the third preset intensity.
Wherein, for each target first sub-signal, a second intensity modulator is utilized to randomly select a third modulation electric signal from a plurality of third modulation electric signals, so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal, and generate a third optical signal with intensity conforming to preset intensity, and the method may include the following operations:
for each target first sub-signal, one third modulated electrical signal is randomly selected from a plurality of third modulated electrical signals. Based on the selected third modulated electrical signal, the target first sub-signal is subjected to decoy state modulation by using a second intensity modulator, and a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity or the third preset intensity is generated.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity, and the third preset intensity may be light intensity 1 (μ), respectively 1 ) Intensity 2 (mu) 2 ) And light intensity 3 (mu) 3 ＝0)。
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the modulation voltages of the plurality of third modulated electrical signals are different.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the incident target first sub-signal is subjected to decoy state modulation, such as intensity modulation, by using the randomly selected third modulation electric signal, so that a third optical signal with the intensity corresponding to the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity or the third preset intensity can be generated, wherein the third optical signal comprises a plurality of partial signals, and the intensities of the plurality of partial signals can be one of the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity and the third preset intensity respectively.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a transmitting-end system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, the emitter-side system of the quantum key distribution system may include a direct modulation laser 610, a first intensity modulator 620, and a second intensity modulator 630.
The direct modulation laser 610 is configured to process a first modulated electrical signal according to a preset operation mode to generate a first optical signal, where the first modulated electrical signal is generated in response to a key generation operation, and the preset operation mode includes enabling the direct modulation laser to be in an operating state or a non-operating state during a randomly selected portion of a pulse time.
The first intensity modulator 620 is configured to modulate the first optical signal based on a second modulated electrical signal, where the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, and the second optical signal includes a plurality of first sub-signals of different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different encoded information.
A second intensity modulator 630 for extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from the plurality of third modulation electric signals for each target first sub-signal so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first optical signal is obtained by processing the first modulated electrical signal by using a preset working mode of the direct modulation laser, the first intensity modulator modulates the first optical signal based on the second modulated electrical signal to generate a second optical signal, and the target first sub-signal is extracted from a plurality of first sub-signals in the second optical signal, so that each target first sub-signal is subjected to decoy state modulation by using the second intensity modulator according to a third randomly selected modulated electrical signal, and a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity is generated. The signal processing method only utilizes the direct modulation laser module, the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator to realize the processing of signals in the transmitting end of the quantum key distribution system, thereby reducing the volume and the cost of the transmitting end, and at least partially overcoming the technical problem of higher volume and cost of the transmitting end system in the related technology.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the direct modulation laser module, the first intensity modulator, and the second intensity modulator may all be integrated on an optical chip.
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a transmitting-end system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 7, the transmitting-end system may further include an optical attenuation module 640.
The optical attenuation module is used for processing each third optical signal to obtain a fourth optical signal of a plurality of single photons; and transmitting a plurality of fourth optical signals to the receiving end so that the receiving end detects each third optical signal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset extraction rule includes extracting according to a preset ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second intensity modulator 630 may include a first determination unit, an extraction unit, and a second determination unit.
The first determining unit is used for determining the extraction number of the selected first sub-signals according to the preset proportion and the number of the first sub-signals.
And the extraction unit is used for randomly extracting a preset number of first sub-signals from the plurality of second optical signals based on the extracted number of the selected second optical signals.
And the second determining unit is used for determining the extracted preset number of first sub-signals as target first sub-signals.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first optical signal comprises a plurality of time-spaced second sub-signals.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the direct modulation laser 610 may include a switching unit, a processing unit, and a generating unit.
The switching unit is used for controlling the direct-tuning laser module to switch in different preset working modes based on the preset probability, wherein the preset working modes comprise a working state and a non-working state, and the direct-tuning laser module in the working state is in a gain switch working mode.
And the processing unit is used for processing the first modulation electric signal in the time interval under the condition that the preset working mode is in a working state to obtain a second sub-signal.
And the generating unit is used for generating the first optical signal according to the plurality of second sub-signals and the time interval corresponding to each second sub-signal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset intensity includes at least one of: the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity and the third preset intensity.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second intensity modulator 630 may further include a selection unit and a first modulation unit.
A selection unit for randomly selecting one third modulated electric signal from the plurality of third modulated electric signals for each target first sub-signal.
The first modulation unit is used for performing decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal by using the second intensity modulator based on the selected third modulation electric signal, and generating a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity or the third preset intensity.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the different quantum states include: state |0 > and state |1 > in Z base, and state in X baseWherein i represents complex number, second modulationThe electrical signal includes a plurality of third sub-signals, each first sub-signal having a corresponding pulse period, the intensities of the plurality of third sub-signals including a first intensity, a second intensity, and a third intensity.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first intensity modulator may include a second modulation unit, a third modulation unit, and a fourth modulation unit.
And a second modulating unit for modulating the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to a state |0 >, using the third sub-signal in the pulse period, in a case where the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, for each of the first sub-signals.
And a third modulation unit configured to modulate the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period into a state |1 >, using the third sub-signal in the pulse period, in a case where the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity, for each of the first sub-signals.
A fourth modulation unit for modulating the first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period into a state by using the third sub-signal in the pulse period when the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity for each of the first sub-signals
Any number of the modules, units, or at least some of the functionality of any number of the modules, units, or units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as split into multiple modules. Any one or more of the modules, units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least in part as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), a programmable logic array (Programmable Logic Arrays, PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or in any other reasonable manner of hardware or firmware that integrates or encapsulates circuitry, or in any one of or a suitable combination of any of the three. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, units according to embodiments of the disclosure may be at least partially implemented as computer program modules, which when executed, may perform the corresponding functions.
For example, any number of the direct modulation laser 610, the first intensity modulator 620, and the second intensity modulator 630 may be combined in one module/unit, or any one of the modules/units may be split into a plurality of modules/units. Alternatively, at least some of the functionality of one or more of the modules/units may be combined with at least some of the functionality of other modules/units/sub-units and implemented in one module/unit. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the direct-tuning laser 610, the first intensity modulator 620, and the second intensity modulator 630 may be implemented at least in part as hardware circuitry, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system-on-chip, a system-on-substrate, a system-on-package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented in hardware or firmware, such as any other reasonable manner of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or in any one of or a suitable combination of three of software, hardware, and firmware. Alternatively, at least one of the direct modulation laser 610, the first intensity modulator 620, and the second intensity modulator 630 may be at least partially implemented as computer program modules that, when executed, perform the corresponding functions.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting end system portion corresponds to the signal processing method portion in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the description of the transmitting end system portion refers to the signal processing method portion specifically, and is not described herein again.
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device adapted to implement the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device shown in fig. 8 is merely an example and should not be construed to limit the functionality and scope of use of the disclosed embodiments.
As shown in fig. 8, an electronic device 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 801 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read-Only Memory (ROM) 802 or a program loaded from a storage section 808 into a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) 803. The processor 801 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and/or an associated chipset and/or special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or the like. The processor 801 may also include on-board memory for caching purposes. The processor 801 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing the different actions of the method flows according to embodiments of the disclosure.
In the RAM 803, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 800 are stored. The processor 801, the ROM 802, and the RAM 803 are connected to each other by a bus 804. The processor 801 performs various operations of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM 802 and/or the RAM 803. Note that the program may be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM 802 and the RAM 803. The processor 801 may also perform various operations of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electronic device 800 may also include an input/output (I/O) interface 805, the input/output (I/O) interface 805 also being connected to the bus 804. The system 800 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the I/O interface 805: an input portion 806 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output portion 807 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD), and the like, and a speaker, and the like; a storage section 808 including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section 809 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 809 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 810 is also connected to the I/O interface 805 as needed. A removable medium 811 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 810 as needed so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 808 as needed.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the method flow according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method shown in the flowcharts. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication section 809, and/or installed from the removable media 811. The above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present disclosure are performed when the computer program is executed by the processor 801. The systems, devices, apparatus, modules, units, etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium that may be embodied in the apparatus/device/system described in the above embodiments; or may exist alone without being assembled into the apparatus/device/system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs which, when executed, implement methods in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples may include, but are not limited to: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-Only Memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-Only Memory (EPROM) or flash Memory, a portable compact disc read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may include ROM 802 and/or RAM 803 and/or one or more memories other than ROM 802 and RAM 803 described above.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also include a computer program product comprising a computer program comprising program code for performing the methods provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the program code for causing an electronic device to implement the signal processing methods provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure when the computer program product is run on the electronic device.
The above-described functions defined in the system/apparatus of the embodiments of the present disclosure are performed when the computer program is executed by the processor 801. The systems, apparatus, modules, units, etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the disclosure.
In one embodiment, the computer program may be based on a tangible storage medium such as an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or the like. In another embodiment, the computer program may also be transmitted, distributed, and downloaded and installed in the form of a signal on a network medium, and/or from a removable medium 811 via a communication portion 809. The computer program may include program code that may be transmitted using any appropriate network medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, program code for performing computer programs provided by embodiments of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, and in particular, such computer programs may be implemented in high-level procedural and/or object-oriented programming languages, and/or assembly/machine languages. Programming languages include, but are not limited to, such as Java, c++, python, "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of remote computing devices, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., connected via the Internet using an Internet service provider).
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features recited in the various embodiments of the disclosure and/or in the claims may be combined in various combinations and/or combinations, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the disclosure. In particular, the features recited in the various embodiments of the present disclosure and/or the claims may be variously combined and/or combined without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A signal processing method applied to a transmitting end system of a quantum key distribution system, the method comprising:
processing a first modulation electric signal by using a direct modulation laser according to a preset working mode to generate a first optical signal, wherein the first modulation electric signal is generated in response to key generation operation, and the preset working mode comprises the step of enabling the direct modulation laser to be in a working state or a non-working state in a randomly selected part of pulse time;
modulating the first optical signal by using a first intensity modulator based on a second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electrical signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, and the second optical signal comprises a plurality of first sub-signals with different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different coded information;
Extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and
for each target first sub-signal, randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from a plurality of third modulation electric signals by using a second intensity modulator so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity;
wherein, the signal processing method further comprises:
processing each third optical signal by using an optical attenuation module to obtain a fourth optical signal of a plurality of single photons; and
and transmitting a plurality of fourth optical signals to a receiving end so that the receiving end detects each third optical signal.
2. The method of claim 1, the preset extraction rules comprising extracting at a preset ratio;
wherein the extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule includes:
determining the extraction number of the selected first sub-signals according to the preset proportion and the number of the first sub-signals;
randomly extracting a preset number of first sub-signals from a plurality of first sub-signals based on the extracted number of the selected second optical signals; and
And determining the extracted preset number of the first sub-signals as the target first sub-signals.
3. The method of claim 1, the first optical signal comprising a plurality of time-spaced second sub-signals;
the method for generating the first optical signal by processing the first modulated electrical signal by the direct modulation laser according to a preset working mode comprises the following steps:
based on preset probability, controlling the direct-tuning laser module to switch in different preset working modes, wherein the preset working modes comprise a working state and a non-working state, and the direct-tuning laser module in the working state is in a gain switch working mode; and
processing the first modulated electrical signal in the time interval to obtain a second sub-signal when the preset working mode is the working state;
and generating the first optical signal according to a plurality of the second sub-signals and the time interval corresponding to each of the second sub-signals.
4. The method of claim 1, the preset intensity comprising at least one of: the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity and the third preset intensity;
Wherein, for each target first sub-signal, a second intensity modulator is utilized to randomly select one third modulation electric signal from a plurality of third modulation electric signals, so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal, and generate a third optical signal with intensity conforming to preset intensity, and the method comprises the following steps:
randomly selecting one of the third modulated electrical signals from a plurality of the third modulated electrical signals for each of the target first sub-signals;
based on the selected third modulated electrical signal, the target first sub-signal is subjected to decoy state modulation by using the second intensity modulator, and the third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the first preset intensity, the second preset intensity or the third preset intensity is generated.
5. The method of claim 1, the different quantum states comprising: state |0 in Z group>And state |1>And the state in the X groupWherein i characterizes a complex number, the second modulated electrical signal comprises a plurality of third sub-signals, each of the first sub-signals having a corresponding pulse period, the intensities of the plurality of third sub-signals comprising a first intensity, a second intensity and a third intensity;
the modulating the first optical signal by using a first intensity modulator based on the second modulated electrical signal to obtain a second optical signal includes:
For each of the first sub-signals, modulating a first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to the state |0> with the third sub-signal in the pulse period, in a case where the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity;
for each of the first sub-signals, modulating a first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to the state |1> with the third sub-signal in the pulse period, in a case where the intensity of the third sub-signal in the pulse period is the first intensity; and
for each of the first sub-signals, the third sub-signal is strong within the pulse periodModulating a first sub-signal corresponding to the pulse period to the state by using the third sub-signal in the pulse period when the degree is the first intensity
6. A transmitting end system of a quantum key distribution system, comprising:
the direct modulation laser is used for processing a first modulation electric signal according to a preset working mode to generate a first optical signal, wherein the first modulation electric signal is generated in response to key generation operation, and the preset working mode comprises the working state or the non-working state of the direct modulation laser in the randomly selected partial pulse time;
The first intensity modulator is used for modulating the first optical signal based on a second modulated electric signal to obtain a second optical signal, wherein the second modulated electric signal is randomly generated by the first intensity modulator, and the second optical signal comprises a plurality of first sub-signals with different quantum states, and the different quantum states represent different coded information; and
the second intensity modulator is used for extracting one or more target first sub-signals from the plurality of first sub-signals based on a preset extraction rule; and randomly selecting one third modulation electric signal from a plurality of third modulation electric signals for each target first sub-signal so as to perform decoy state modulation on the target first sub-signal and generate a third optical signal with the intensity conforming to the preset intensity;
wherein the direct modulation laser module, the first intensity modulator and the second intensity modulator are all integrated on an optical chip;
the transmitting end system further comprises:
the optical attenuation module is used for processing each third optical signal to obtain a plurality of single-photon fourth optical signals; and transmitting a plurality of fourth optical signals to a receiving end so that the receiving end detects each third optical signal.
7. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs,
wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any of claims 1-5.
8. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions which when executed by a processor cause the processor to implement the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
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