CN114499637B - Method and system for implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between ground receiving station and satellite - Google Patents
Method and system for implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between ground receiving station and satellite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system state self-checking; detecting a satellite-ground interface and performance in a wired state; the satellite-ground antenna is aligned; power level scaling; and detecting the satellite-ground interface and performance in a wireless state. The satellite-ground interface and performance detection under the wired state comprises the detection of the frequency spectrum matching performance of transmitting and receiving frequencies, the detection of the interface matching performance such as the transmission and receiving code rate, the modulation and demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode, the code pattern matching performance and the like, and the detection of the satellite-ground combined error rate. The detection of the satellite-ground interface and performance in the wireless state comprises the detection of the frequency spectrum of transmitting and receiving, the detection of interface matching properties such as the rate of transmitting and receiving codes, the modulation and demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode, the code pattern matching property and the like, and the detection of the satellite-ground synthesis cross polarization discrimination (XPD) and the error rate. The invention has positive effects on the field of satellite data reception in the test of implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite, and belongs to the field of satellite data receiving.
Background
The three parts of the satellite data transmission system, the free space and the ground receiving station form an information transmission link for acquiring the downlink data of the satellite. Parameters of the satellite data transmission system are: EIRP, carrier frequency, modulation scheme, code rate, antenna polarization discrimination, transmission bandwidth, etc. The ground receiving system parameters are as follows: G/T value, operating bandwidth, demodulation loss, etc. The free space has larger difference due to different geographical environments, and statistical analysis is required to be carried out according to the geographical, meteorological and environmental factors of specific positions, so as to obtain related data. Therefore, many parameter variations of the satellite and the ground have a direct impact on whether the ground-based receiving station can eventually correctly recover the demodulated satellite data.
The data transmission interface between the satellite and the ground receiving station is the first key technical link in many satellite-ground interfaces. Before satellite transmission, a satellite-ground data transmission link is established, a satellite-ground data transmission interface is verified, the matching performance of functions such as satellite radio frequency signal transmission, ground receiving station receiving and demodulation is detected, and the satellite data can reliably land. It is critical and necessary to verify many satellite-to-ground data transmission interfaces correctly and efficiently.
In addition, the ability of satellites to acquire information is continually increasing, with increasing amounts of data. The contradiction between the original data volume and the data transfer capability is increasingly apparent. At present, the main technical means for improving the data transmission capability of the remote sensing satellite are as follows: data compression, high-order modulation technology, improvement of data transmission carrier frequency band, polarization multiplexing transmission mode and the like. With the increasing number of in-orbit satellites, frequency resources are more scarce, and polarization multiplexing transmission technology is increasingly used by remote sensing satellites.
Polarization multiplexing is a method of multiplexing signals by utilizing polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Two mutually orthogonal polarized waves are used for transmitting two groups of independent signals at the same frequency, so that the data transmission efficiency can be doubled. When the system uses polarization multiplexing, both satellite and terrestrial receiver stations must be required to have a certain cross-polarization discrimination to prevent inter-polarization interference. Because the satellite and the ground receiving station are continuously moving during data downloading, the space propagation link can bring depolarization effect to electromagnetic waves and certain uncertainty to polarization multiplexing transmission. Aiming at the polarization multiplexing transmission mode of the satellite, qualitative and quantitative analysis and verification of the polarization multiplexing transmission mode are also the precondition guarantee that the satellite acquires effective information safely and reliably and returns to the ground. How to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the polarization multiplexing transmission mode is also an indispensable content for implementing the data star-to-ground docking.
The above, many parameter analyses and interface matching for the star-to-ground data transmission link are all required to be completed through data transmission star-to-ground docking. How to correctly, effectively and comprehensively complete the verification and build a ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system become the problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and a system for implementing data transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite. Wherein,
according to one aspect, the invention provides a method for implementing data-to-satellite ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite, comprising the following steps:
step 1: the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system state self-checking;
step 2: detecting a satellite-ground interface and performance in a wired state;
step 3: aligning the satellite-ground antenna;
step 4: scaling the power level;
step 5: the wireless state detects the satellite-to-ground interface and performance.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for implementing data-to-satellite docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite, comprising:
and the ground receiving antenna is used for tracking and receiving radio frequency signals transmitted by satellites. The ground receiving antenna has orthogonal polarization multiplexing receiving capability and can capture and receive polarization multiplexing signals sent by satellites. When implementing data transmission satellite ground docking, the control antenna points to the satellite.
And the channel equipment is used for converting the radio frequency signals received by the antenna into intermediate frequency signals.
The channel equipment comprises an optical transmission unit, a radio frequency switch unit, a low noise amplifying unit, a frequency conversion unit and an intermediate frequency switch unit.
The optical end transmission unit comprises a pair of optical transmitting units and an optical receiving unit, is respectively used at the ground receiving antenna tower base and the receiving machine room and is used for transmitting radio frequency signals received by the ground receiving antenna tower base to the receiving machine room by optical fibers; the radio frequency switch matrix is used for controlling the on-off, transmission and exchange of signals at a radio frequency end; the low-noise amplifying unit is used for further amplifying the radio frequency signals received by the ground receiving antenna; the frequency conversion unit is used for down-converting the radio frequency signals received by the ground receiving antenna to intermediate frequency for further processing; and the intermediate frequency switch unit is used for controlling the on-off, transmission and exchange of signals at an intermediate frequency end.
And the ground demodulator is used for demodulating and processing satellite transmitting signals at the intermediate frequency end. The ground demodulator can verify key satellite-ground interface parameters such as modulation coding mode, scrambling mode, code rate and the like.
And the data recorder is used for recording, landing and storing the original data obtained by processing by the ground demodulator. The data recorder completes the statistics of the error rate of PN codes or fixed frame data.
And the radio frequency cable is used for connecting the satellite related equipment to the ground receiving antenna coupling port.
The spectrometer is used for calibrating and measuring the related power level. The spectrometer has proper dynamic range and measurement accuracy.
And the uplink test link is used for performing self-checking on the state of the ground data satellite-ground docking system.
The uplink test link preferably comprises a signal source/modulation unit, an up-conversion unit and an optical transmission unit.
The signal source/modulation unit is used for generating a signal for the ground satellite-ground docking system to finish the system state self-check; the up-conversion unit is used for converting the signals generated by the signal source/modulation unit into radio frequency; the optical transmission unit comprises a pair of optical transmission units and an optical receiving unit, and is respectively used in a receiver room and a ground receiving antenna tower foundation and used for optical transmission of uplink test signals.
The guaranteeing equipment is used for guaranteeing and assisting equipment when the ground receiving station is in data transmission satellite-ground docking with the satellite, and the safety and operability of the equipment are improved.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention builds a ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system based on the actual engineering requirement in the satellite data receiving field, and provides a method for implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite, which has actual operability. The method solves the matching verification work of a plurality of parameters and interfaces of a satellite-ground data transmission link in satellite-ground docking, provides a data support for the on-orbit operation after satellite transmission, and provides a powerful guarantee for receiving satellite data by an actual ground receiving station. In addition, a related satellite-ground synthesis XPD test method is provided for the dual-polarized satellite, the availability of the polarized multiplexing data transmission mode is verified, and the smooth implementation of the polarized multiplexing data transmission mode is ensured.
Drawings
The above-mentioned features and technical advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the system components of a ground receiving station interfacing with a satellite implementing a satellite-to-ground data transmission link according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for interfacing a ground receiving station with a satellite for implementing a satellite-to-ground data transmission link according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of left-right handed XPD results for satellite-to-ground antenna alignment and satellite antenna bias in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of left-right handed XPD results for satellite-to-ground antenna alignment and ground antenna bias in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of a method and system for implementing data-to-satellite docking of a ground receiving station with a satellite according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, or combinations thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive in scope. Furthermore, in the present specification, the drawings are not drawn to scale, and like reference numerals denote like parts.
The ground receiving station and satellite implemented data-to-ground docking may verify the matching, consistency of the parameters and interfaces of the satellite-to-ground data transmission link. The method and the system of the invention are important links for ensuring that the ground receiving station successfully realizes satellite data reception.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the system components of the ground receiving station and the satellite implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking according to the embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system includes:
and the ground receiving antenna is used for tracking and receiving radio frequency signals transmitted by satellites. The ground receiving antenna has the left-right double circular polarization receiving capability, and can capture and receive left-right signals sent by satellites.
In a preferred embodiment, the ground receiving antenna is a Cassegrain double-reflecting surface antenna, the caliber is 12 meters, and the ground receiving antenna works in an X frequency band and can receive left-right circular polarization signals in the X frequency band. The ground receiving antenna is composed of an antenna feeder unit, a seat frame unit, a servo control unit and the like. The antenna feed unit mainly comprises a multi-band feed horn, a synthetic network, a tracking network, a switch and the like; the seat frame unit mainly comprises a double-reflecting-surface antenna structure, an azimuth-elevation-inclination triaxial antenna seat structure, a transmission device, an angular position sensor, a control and protection device and the like; the servo unit mainly comprises an antenna driving device, a servo motor, an antenna control device, an axial angle encoder, a remote control power-on device and the like.
And the channel equipment is used for converting the radio frequency signals received by the antenna into intermediate frequency signals.
In a preferred embodiment, the channel equipment includes an optical transceiver (including transmit and receive), a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a radio frequency switch matrix, and a down converter. In this embodiment, the signals between the ground receiving antenna and the receiving room are transmitted by using an optical fiber, and the signal transmission from the ground receiving antenna to the receiving room is completed by using an optical transmitter-optical fiber-optical receiver. The radio frequency switch matrix can realize the on-off, transmission and full exchange of the radio frequency end of the channel link; the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) works in the frequency band, so that the weak radio frequency signal can be further amplified; the down converter down-converts the satellite X frequency band data signal to an intermediate frequency 1.2GHz signal, and provides the signal for the demodulator for corresponding processing; the intermediate frequency equalization switch matrix has a signal equalization function, and can realize on-off, transmission and full exchange of a channel link in an intermediate frequency band.
And the ground demodulator is used for demodulating and processing the intermediate frequency signal converted by the down converter. The ground demodulator performs matching setting on star-ground key radio frequency interfaces such as a modulation and demodulation mode, a coding and decoding mode, a scrambling and descrambling mode, a code rate and the like, and the demodulated data is compared to realize verification of interface matching and consistency.
In a preferred embodiment, the ground demodulator is a dual-channel all-digital demodulation, which can adapt to a plurality of modulation modes such as BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK (SQPSK), 8PSK, 16APSK, 16QAM and the like, and has the capability of expanding other higher-order modulations; the demodulator symbol rate is up to 500Msps and has the capability of spreading for higher symbol rates; scrambling mode or custom scrambling recommended by CCSDS standard is supported; support Viterbi, RS, viterbi recommended by CCSDS standard and a plurality of decoding modes such as RS cascade connection, LDPC and the like; the system has a local data storage function.
And the data recorder is used for recording, landing and storing the data obtained by processing the ground demodulator to finish the statistics of the error rate of PN codes or fixed frame data.
In a preferred embodiment, the data logger may support error rate statistics for a plurality of PN codes such as PN7, PN9, PN15, PN23, PN31, etc.; and the error rate statistics of filling fixed frame data in a plurality of custom filling modes such as '5A', 'AA' and the like are supported.
And the radio frequency cable is used for connecting the satellite related equipment to the ground receiving antenna coupling port.
In a preferred embodiment, the radio frequency cable is 20 meters in length and the radio frequency cable loss is no greater than 20dB in the X frequency band.
The spectrometer is used for calibrating and measuring the related power level. In a preferred embodiment, the spectrometer is selected to support X-band measurement with a spurious free dynamic range of 75dBc and an amplitude measurement accuracy of + -0.19 dB.
And the uplink test link is used for performing self-checking on the state of the ground satellite-ground docking system. In a preferred embodiment, the uplink test link includes a modulator, an up-converter, and an optical transceiver (including transmit and receive). The modulator can support a plurality of modulation modes such as BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK (SQPSK), 8PSK, 16APSK, 16QAM and the like, support a plurality of decoding modes such as Viterbi, RS, viterbi, RS cascade connection and LDPC and the like recommended by CCSDS standards, and support the broadcasting of custom data files. The up-converter is used for up-converting the intermediate frequency signal sent from the modulator to radio frequency; the optical transmission unit is used for receiving signal transmission of the machine room and the ground receiving antenna tower foundation.
The guaranteeing equipment is used for guaranteeing and assisting equipment when the ground receiving station is in data transmission satellite-ground docking with the satellite, and the safety and operability of the equipment are improved. In a preferred embodiment, the equipment for safeguarding is intercom equipment, rain cloth, transportation vehicles, etc.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for interfacing a ground receiving station with a satellite for implementing a satellite-to-ground data transmission link according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the method for implementing data transmission satellite-to-ground docking between the ground receiving station and the satellite comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (5) performing ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system state self-checking.
Checking key equipment such as a ground receiving antenna, a demodulator and the like, and ensuring that the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system has good equipment level performance;
1b, checking the states of a medium frequency link and a radio frequency link to ensure that the link level performance of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system is good;
checking the system state to ensure that the G/T value, servo control and error code performance of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system are good;
and 1d, checking environmental parameters such as power supply, grounding and the like, and ensuring that the ground receiving station and the satellite are in good docking environment.
Step 2: and detecting the satellite-ground interface and the performance under the wired state.
In a preferred embodiment, the wired docking detection includes three items of transmission-reception frequency spectrum matching detection, transmission-reception code rate, modulation and demodulation mode, coding and decoding mode, scrambling and descrambling mode, code pattern matching and other interface matching detection and satellite-ground joint error rate detection.
The transmission-reception frequency spectrum matching detection includes:
2a, connecting a satellite and a radio frequency cable, and calibrating power levels at outlets of the two radio frequency cables through a spectrometer respectively to ensure that the power levels are within a safety limit value which does not cause system saturation;
2b, simultaneously transmitting carrier signals by two channels of the satellite;
2c, respectively detecting the two-channel level of the satellite at the radio frequency cable outlet by adjusting the two-channel attenuator of the satellite, so that the output level of the two channels is kept consistent as much as possible, and the difference of the output level of the two channels is 0.5dB;
2d, detecting the frequencies of the transmitted carrier signals of the two channels of the satellite respectively by using a spectrometer, and comparing the frequencies with the set frequencies of the satellite, wherein the error is 10-5 orders of magnitude;
2e, transmitting modulation signals by two channels of the satellite simultaneously;
2f, respectively detecting the frequency spectrums of the transmitted modulation signals of the two channels of the satellite by using a spectrometer, wherein the central frequency of the spectrometer is set to be the satellite data transmission frequency, the bandwidths of the spectrometer are set to be 450MHz and 900MHz, the RBW is set to be 3MHz, and the VBW is set to be 3KHz;
turning off the satellite transmitter, disconnecting the spectrometer from the radio frequency cable, and connecting the radio frequency cable to the coupler input of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system respectively;
2h, restarting the satellite, transmitting a carrier signal, measuring the frequency of the received carrier signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a spectrometer, and comparing the frequency with the set frequency of the satellite, wherein the error is 10-5 orders of magnitude;
2i, transmitting a modulation signal by a satellite, measuring the frequency spectrum of a received modulation signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a spectrometer, wherein the spectrometer is arranged as above;
in a preferred embodiment, the satellite transmits a carrier signal, and the carrier signal frequency is detected at the transmitting end and the ground receiving intermediate frequency end respectively; the satellite transmits the modulated signal, and the frequency spectrum of the modulated signal is detected at the transmitting end and the ground receiving intermediate frequency end respectively, and the frequency spectrum packet is smooth and undistorted after transmission, receiving frequency and frequency spectrum matching.
The detection of interface matching properties such as a transmission-reception modulation-demodulation system, a coding system, a scrambling-descrambling system, and a pattern matching property includes:
2a, satellite transmitting modulation signals;
a demodulator of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system receives and demodulates satellite signals, observes that carrier waves, code elements and frame synchronization of the demodulator are locked, and matches code rates, modulation and demodulation modes, coding and decoding modes, scrambling and descrambling modes, code patterns and the like from interfaces;
in a preferred embodiment, according to the star-ground interface, two channel code rates of the demodulator are set to 450Mbps, OQPSK demodulation, LDPC 7/8 decoding, descrambling accords with CCSDS standard, code pattern is NRZ-L code, frame length is 1024byte, and frame header is 1ACFFC1D and other parameters. The modem of satellite transmitting is used for correctly processing, and carrier, code element and frame synchronization are all locked, so that the interface matching and consistency of transmitting-receiving modulation-demodulation mode, coding-decoding mode, scrambling-descrambling mode, code pattern matching and the like can be judged.
The satellite-ground joint error rate detection comprises the following steps:
a. after the detection is finished, the equipment demodulator is in a corresponding matching state;
b. the satellite transmitter is turned off, the integral bandwidth BW of the spectrometer is set to 450MHz according to the satellite transmitting signal characteristics, the noise power N of two ground receiving channels is detected respectively, and the value of N is recorded;
c. the two channels of the satellite simultaneously transmit modulation signals, the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system carries out a series of processes such as frequency conversion, demodulation and the like, and the data recording equipment records satellite data in real time and detects and counts the bit error rate of the data in real time;
d. according to the error rate statistics result, adjusting the satellite adjustable step attenuator to enable the error rate to be in the order of 1E-7;
e. recording error rate statistics results, measuring the intermediate frequency signal power S+N of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system by using a frequency spectrograph, calculating to obtain S/N, and further obtaining C/N 0 ；
The formula for obtaining S/N from S+N is as follows: s/n=10×log 10 (10 ((S+N)-N)/10) -1)；
The obtained C/N 0 The formula of (2) is: C/N 0 ＝S/N+10*log 10 (BW)；
Wherein BW is the integral bandwidth of the spectrometer, and 450MHz is taken.
Step l, adjusting the satellite adjustable attenuation value in 1dB steps until the statistical real-time error rate is 0, and repeating the step e;
bit error rate results
Step 3: star-to-ground antenna alignment
And 3a, placing satellites on a proper site with an electromagnetic environment meeting the docking requirement, wherein the site position meets the far-field distance of a ground receiving antenna, and large-scale shielding objects are not arranged around the site.
And 3b, checking electromagnetic leakage conditions of satellites, and adopting effective shielding measures to ensure that interference to a ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system is not caused.
3c, the satellite selects to transmit the right-handed modulation signal, and adjusts a ground receiving antenna to point to the satellite;
3d, starting an automatic tracking mode by a ground receiving antenna, and implementing the preliminary alignment of the satellite antenna;
3e, respectively adjusting the satellite antenna direction in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and detecting the channel signal power received by the ground by a ground spectrometer until the received signal power is maximum;
and 3f, verifying whether the satellite-ground antenna is aligned or not through symmetry of the antenna pattern.
The antenna pattern symmetry verifies the satellite-ground antenna alignment, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: adjusting the satellite antenna direction, and defaulting the position to be in an initial alignment state when the spectrometer reads the maximum signal power P; a 3dB beam width angle of a satellite antenna is offset leftwards/upwards at the position, and a level reading value P1 at the moment is recorded; then, on the basis of the initial alignment position, biasing the angle of the 3dB beam width of one satellite antenna to the right/down, and recording the level reading value P2 at the moment; comparing the P1 value with the P2 value, and judging whether the P-3dB is satisfied; when this condition is met, the satellite-to-ground antenna is considered to be aligned, otherwise the above steps will continue to be performed to finally determine the satellite-to-ground antenna alignment position.
In a preferred embodiment, the satellites are placed on the roof of a mountain with the satellite-to-ground antenna being approximately 3.5 km away and the ground-based receiving antenna being at an elevation angle of approximately 6.3 °.
Table 1 shows the positioning angles of the satellite data antenna and the ground receiving antenna after the positions of the satellite and the ground receiving antenna were adjusted repeatedly. Wherein, the X axis is the horizontal direction of the satellite data transmission antenna, and the Y axis is the vertical direction of the satellite data transmission antenna; the AZ axis is the azimuth direction of the ground receiving antenna, and the EL axis is the elevation direction of the point receiving antenna.
TABLE 1 positioning angle of satellite data antenna and ground receiving antenna
Step 4: power level scaling
4a, closing a satellite transmitter on the basis of satellite-to-ground antenna alignment, calibrating noise power N of a dextrorotation channel of a ground data transmission satellite-to-ground docking system by using a spectrometer, and setting the integral bandwidth of the spectrometer to be 450MHz;
4b, starting the satellite, adjusting a satellite attenuator to proper transmitting power, and reading signal power S+N calibrated by a spectrometer;
4C, calibrating according to the calculation formula to obtain C/N 0 Comparing with theoretical calculation; according to calibrated C/N 0 And theoretical calculation of C/N 0 Again confirming that the satellite antenna is in alignment.
Theoretical and calibrated values
Table 2 shows the scaled carrier ratio C/N in the preferred embodiment 0 C/N with theoretical carrier-to-noise ratio 0 The difference between the two is less than 1dB, and the factors such as the pointing loss, the atmospheric loss, the polarization loss, the gain error of the satellite data transmission antenna, the G/T value error of an actual ground receiving system, the measurement error of a spectrometer and the like are considered, so that the S/N calibration test data can be considered to be effective, and the satellite antenna is in an alignment state.
TABLE 2
| Satellite antenna input (dBm) | -18.1 |
| Satellite data transmission antenna gain (dBi) | 29 |
| Spatial attenuation (dB) | -121.61 |
| Ground receiving G/T (dB/K) | 33.5 |
| Theoretical calculation of C/N 0 (dBHz) | 121.39 |
| Actual measurement of ground reception C/N 0 | 120.4 |
Step 5: the wireless state detects the satellite-to-ground interface and performance.
The wireless state docking includes but is not limited to transmission-receiving frequency spectrum matching detection, transmission-receiving code rate, modulation and demodulation mode, coding and decoding mode, scrambling and descrambling mode, code pattern matching and other interface matching detection, star synthesis XPD and error rate detection.
The transmission-reception frequency spectrum matching detection includes:
5a, disconnecting the satellite from the antenna;
5b, the satellite simultaneously transmits a left-right rotation modulation signal, and an adjustable stepping attenuator of the satellite is adjusted, wherein the difference of the power levels of the two channels is 0.5dB;
5c, simultaneously transmitting single carrier signals by the left-handed and right-handed channels of the satellite;
detecting the frequencies of the transmitted carrier signals of the two channels of the satellite respectively by using a spectrometer;
5e, transmitting modulation signals by the left-handed and right-handed channels of the satellite simultaneously;
detecting the frequency spectrums of the two channels of the satellite transmitting modulation signals by using a frequency spectrometer respectively;
5g, turning off the satellite transmitter, connecting the satellite antenna, placing the satellite antenna at an alignment state position, and adjusting the satellite attenuator value to ensure that the transmitted signal power cannot damage ground data transmission docking system equipment;
5h, restarting the satellite, transmitting a single carrier signal, and measuring the frequency of a received carrier signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a spectrometer;
and 5i, transmitting a modulation signal by the satellite, and measuring the frequency spectrum of a received modulation signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a frequency spectrometer.
In a preferred embodiment, the satellite transmits a carrier signal, and the carrier signal frequency is detected at the transmitting end and the ground receiving intermediate frequency end respectively; the satellite transmits the modulation signal, the frequency spectrum of the modulation signal is detected at the transmitting end and the ground receiving intermediate frequency end respectively, the frequency spectrum packet is smooth, the wireless state has no obvious frequency spectrum distortion compared with the wired state, and the transmitting-receiving frequency and the frequency spectrum are matched.
The interface matching detection of the transmitting-receiving code rate, the modulation and demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode, the code pattern matching and the like comprises the following steps:
a. transmitting a modulated signal by a satellite;
b. the demodulator of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system receives and demodulates satellite signals, observes that the carrier wave, the code element and the frame synchronization of the demodulator are all locked, and matches the code rate, the modulation and demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode, the code pattern and the like from the interface;
in a preferred embodiment, the star-ground interface is rechecked again in a wireless state, and it is possible to determine that the interfaces such as the transmit-receive modem mode, the codec mode, the scrambling/descrambling mode, and the pattern matching are matched and consistent.
The star-to-ground synthesis XPD and the bit error rate detection comprise the star-to-ground synthesis XPD and the bit error rate detection in an aligned state and the star-to-ground synthesis XPD and the bit error rate detection in a non-aligned state.
The star-ground synthesis XPD and error rate detection under the alignment state comprises the following steps:
a. the satellite-ground antenna keeps alignment, and after the detection is finished, the equipment demodulator is in a corresponding matching state;
b. the satellite transmitter is turned off, the integral bandwidth BW of the spectrometer is set to 450MHz according to the satellite transmitting signal characteristics, the noise power N of the ground receiving left-handed and right-handed channels is detected respectively, and N values are recorded respectively;
c. the satellite closes the right-handed channel signal and independently transmits the left-handed modulation signal;
d. the spectrometer detects the intermediate frequency left-right rotation channel (two channels) of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system respectively) S/N is calculated to obtain S/N of the left-right rotation channel 11 And S/N 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The left-hand channel corresponds to channel one and the right-hand channel corresponds to channel two, wherein S/N 11 When the signal of the first channel is transmitted independently, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high, S/N 12 When the signal is the signal of the first independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high;
e. the satellite turns off the left-handed signal and independently transmits a right-handed modulation signal;
f. repeating the step c to obtain two-channel S/N 21 And S/N 22 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S/N 21 When the signal is transmitted independently to the second signal, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high, and S/N is high 22 When the signal is the signal of the second transmission channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high;
g. c, obtaining the star-to-ground synthesis XPD according to the step c and the step e, wherein the formula for obtaining the star-to-ground synthesis XPD of the left-handed channel is as follows: XPD 1 ＝S/N 11 -S/N 21 ；
The formula for obtaining the synthesis XPD of the dextro star is as follows: XPD 2 ＝S/N 22 -S/N 12 ；
Wherein S/N 11 When the signal is the signal of the first independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high; S/N 21 When the signal is the signal of the second independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high; S/N 22 When the signal is the signal of the second transmission channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high; S/N 12 When the signal is the signal of the first independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high;
h. under the state of keeping the alignment of the satellite antenna and the ground antenna, the satellite simultaneously transmits two-channel modulation signals;
i. according to the error rate statistics result, adjusting the satellite adjustable step attenuator to enable the error rate to be in the order of 1E-7;
j. recording error rate statistics results, measuring the intermediate frequency signal power S+N of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system by using a frequency spectrograph, calculating to obtain S/N, and further obtaining C/N 0 ；
The formula for obtaining S/N from S+N is as follows: s/n=10×log 10 (10 ((S+N)-N)/10) -1)；
The obtained C/N 0 The formula of (2) is: C/N 0 ＝S/N+10*log 10 (BW)；
Where BW is the integrated bandwidth of the spectrometer.
k. Adjusting the satellite adjustable attenuation value with the stepping precision of 1dB until the statistical real-time error rate is 0, and repeating the step j;
satellite-ground synthesis XPD and error rate detection in a non-aligned state:
a. b-j, changing the relative position relation between the satellite and the ground antenna, pulling the horizontal direction of the satellite antenna to +/-0.5 degrees, +/-2.0 degrees and +/-2.5 degrees, and repeating the steps of detecting and synthesizing XPD and error rate under the alignment state;
b. b-j, changing the relative position relation between the satellite and the ground antenna, pulling the satellite antenna to be +/-0.5 degrees and +/-2.0 degrees in the vertical direction, and repeating the steps of detecting and synthesizing XPD and error rate in the alignment state;
c. changing the relative position relation between the ground antenna and the satellite, pulling the ground antenna to the azimuth + -0.02 DEG and pitching + -0.02 DEG, and repeating the steps b-j of detecting and synthesizing XPD and error rate under the alignment state.
In the preferred embodiment, the L-bit error rate is 1.4E-6C/N when the satellite-to-ground antenna is aligned 0 =91.1 dBHz at C/N 0 Error rate at= 92.14dBHz is 0; C/N required when right-hand bit error rate is 8.56E-8 0 = 91.49dBHz at C/N 0 The bit error rate is 0 at= 92.35 dBHz. Under the test state, the star-ground synthesis XPD is good, and the wireless error rate test result is less influenced by the XPD.
In the antenna alignment state, the star-to-ground synthesis XPD is good, and the wireless error rate statistical result is less influenced by the XPD. When the satellite antenna is in a bias state, satellite-ground synthesis XPD is worst to be deteriorated to 27dB, and the satellite antenna still has no influence on demodulation error rate under the influence of polarization interference.
Fig. 3 shows the left-right rotation XPD for the satellite-to-ground antenna alignment and satellite antenna bias in the embodiment: when the satellite antenna is in an X-axis (horizontal direction) offset state (+ -0.5 degrees (+ -2.0 degrees (+ -2.5 degrees), the star-ground synthesized XPD has a left-hand of 27.75 dB-32.12 dB and has a right-hand of 27.74 dB-34.68 dB, and compared with an alignment state, the left-hand XPD is reduced to some extent. When the satellite antenna is in a Y-axis (vertical direction) offset state (+ -0.5 degrees and (+ -2.0 degrees), the satellite-ground synthesis XPD has a left-hand rotation of 29.69-32.46 dB and a right-hand rotation of 31.84-34.85 dB.
Fig. 4 shows the left-right rotation XPD when the satellite antenna is aligned and the ground antenna is offset in the embodiment: when the ground antenna is biased, the star-ground synthesized XPD has the left rotation of 32.44 dB-32.94 dB, the right rotation of 34.25 dB-34.96 dB, and compared with an alignment state, the deviation of the left rotation XPD is within 1dB, the deviation of the right rotation XPD is within 0.5dB, and no obvious change occurs.
Further, the polarization tilt angle relationship between the satellite-to-ground antennas directly affects the XPD measurement data results. In this embodiment, the test data only corresponds to the polarization tilt angle relationship of the satellite-to-ground antenna in one state. The star-to-ground synthesis XPD of the left-hand and right-hand channels of the test data is inconsistent and also accords with the relationship of the star-to-ground antenna and the polarization dip angle, because the left-hand and right-hand axial ratios of the star-to-ground antenna are not completely consistent. In conclusion, XPD data tested by the method is real, reasonable and effective.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for implementing data transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system state self-checking;
step 2: detecting a satellite-ground interface and performance in a wired state;
step 3: aligning the satellite-ground antenna;
step 4: scaling the power level;
step 5: detecting satellite-ground interfaces and performance in a wireless state;
the step 2: detecting the satellite-ground interface and performance under the presence state, wherein the presence state comprises interface matching detection and satellite-ground joint error rate detection, namely: detecting the frequency spectrum matching performance of the transmitting-receiving frequency, and detecting the code rate of the transmitting-receiving frequency, the modulation and demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode and the code pattern matching performance;
the transmission-reception frequency spectrum matching detection comprises the following steps:
connecting a satellite with a radio frequency cable, and calibrating the power level at a radio frequency cable outlet through a frequency spectrograph to enable the power level to be within a safety limit value which does not cause the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system to be saturated;
2b, simultaneously transmitting carrier signals by two channels of the satellite;
2c, respectively detecting the two-channel level of the satellite at the radio frequency cable outlet by adjusting the two-channel attenuator of the satellite, so that the two-channel output level is kept consistent, and the difference of the two-channel output level is not more than 1dB;
2d, detecting the frequencies of the transmitted carrier signals of the two channels of the satellite respectively by using a spectrometer;
2e, transmitting modulation signals by two channels of the satellite simultaneously;
2f, detecting the frequency spectrums of the two channels of the satellite transmitting modulation signals respectively by using a frequency spectrometer;
turning off the satellite transmitter, disconnecting the spectrometer from the radio frequency cable, and connecting a radio frequency cable outlet to a coupler input of a ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system;
2h, restarting the satellite, transmitting a carrier signal, and measuring the frequency of a received carrier signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a spectrometer;
2i, transmitting a modulation signal by a satellite, and measuring the frequency spectrum of a received modulation signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a frequency spectrograph;
the satellite-ground joint error rate detection comprises the following steps:
3a, after the interface matching detection is completed, the equipment demodulator is in a corresponding matching state;
3b, turning off a satellite transmitter, setting an integral bandwidth BW of a frequency spectrograph according to the characteristics of a satellite transmitting signal, respectively detecting noise power N of two ground receiving channels, and recording the value of N;
the two channels of the satellite simultaneously transmit modulation signals, the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system carries out frequency conversion and demodulation, and the data recording equipment records satellite data in real time and detects and counts the bit error rate of the data in real time;
3d, according to the error rate statistics result, adjusting the satellite adjustable step attenuator to enable the error rate to be within a specified magnitude;
recording error rate statistics result, using frequency spectrograph to measure intermediate frequency signal power S+N of ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system, wherein S is effective signal power, N is noise power, calculating to obtain S/N, further obtaining C/N 0 ，C/N 0 N is the carrier to noise ratio 0 Is the noise power spectral density;
the formula for obtaining S/N from S+N is as follows: s/n=10×log 10 ((10 ((S+N)-N)/10) -1)；
The obtained C/N 0 The formula of (2) is: C/N 0 ＝S/N+10*log 10 (BW)；
Wherein BW is the integral bandwidth of the spectrometer;
and 3f, adjusting the attenuation value with the stepping precision of the adjustable stepping attenuator until the statistical real-time error rate is 0, and repeating the step e.
2. The method for implementing data-transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 1, wherein said step 1: the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system state self-checking method specifically comprises the following steps:
checking the state of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system equipment, and ensuring that the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system equipment works normally;
1b, checking the states of the medium frequency link and the radio frequency link to ensure that the state of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system link is normal;
checking the state of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system, and ensuring that the G/T value, the servo control and the error code performance of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system are normal;
and 1d, checking the power supply and grounding environment parameters to ensure that the ground receiving station and the satellite docking environment are normal.
3. The method for implementing data-to-satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the transmitting-receiving code rate, the modulation-demodulation mode, the scrambling-descrambling mode and the code pattern matching in the interface matching detection comprise:
2a, satellite transmitting modulation signals;
and 2b, a demodulator of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system receives and demodulates the satellite signals, observes that carrier waves, code elements and frame synchronization of the demodulator are locked, and matches the code rate, the modulation-demodulation mode, the coding-decoding mode, the scrambling-descrambling mode and the code pattern from an interface.
4. The method for implementing data-transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 1, wherein said step 3: the aligning of the satellite-ground antenna specifically comprises:
placing satellites on a site with an electromagnetic environment meeting the docking requirement, wherein the site position meets the far-field distance of a ground receiving antenna, and large-scale shielding objects are not arranged around the site;
checking the electromagnetic leakage condition of the satellite, and adopting effective shielding measures to ensure that the satellite-to-ground docking system of the ground data transmission is not interfered;
3c, the satellite selects to transmit any path of modulation signal, and adjusts a ground receiving antenna to point to the satellite;
3d, starting an automatic tracking mode by a ground receiving antenna, and implementing the preliminary alignment of the satellite antenna;
3e, respectively adjusting the satellite antenna direction in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and detecting the channel signal power received by the ground by a ground spectrometer until the received signal power is maximum;
and 3f, verifying whether the satellite-ground antenna is aligned or not through symmetry of the antenna pattern.
5. The method for implementing data transmission satellite-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 4, wherein the antenna pattern symmetry verifies the alignment of the satellite-ground antenna, and the specific steps are as follows:
adjusting the satellite antenna direction, and defaulting the position to be in an initial alignment state when the spectrometer reads the maximum signal power P; a 3dB beam width angle of a satellite antenna is offset leftwards/upwards at the position, and a level reading value P1 at the moment is recorded; then, on the basis of the initial alignment position, biasing the angle of the 3dB beam width of one satellite antenna to the right/down, and recording the level reading value P2 at the moment; comparing the P1 value with the P2 value, and judging whether the P-3dB is satisfied; when this condition is met, the satellite-to-ground antenna is considered to be aligned, otherwise the above steps will continue to be performed to finally determine the satellite-to-ground antenna alignment position.
6. The method for implementing data-transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 5, wherein said step 4: scaling the power level specifically includes:
4a, closing a satellite transmitter on the basis of satellite-to-ground antenna alignment, and reading noise power N calibrated by a spectrometer;
4b, starting up the satellite, adjusting a satellite attenuator to a preset transmitting power, and reading signal power S+N calibrated by a spectrometer, wherein S is effective signal power, and N is noise power;
4C, calibrating according to a calculation formula to obtain C/N 0 Comparing with theoretical calculation; according to calibrated C/N 0 And theoretical calculation of C/N 0 And again confirm that the satellite antenna is in alignment, C/N 0 N is the carrier to noise ratio 0 Is the noise power spectral density.
7. The method for implementing data-transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 1, wherein said step 5: the wireless state detection satellite-ground interface and performance, the wireless state docking comprises interface matching detection, satellite-ground synthesis XPD and bit error rate detection, and the wireless state docking specifically comprises:
detecting the frequency spectrum matching performance of the transmitting-receiving frequency, and detecting the code rate of the transmitting-receiving frequency, the modulation and demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode and the code pattern matching performance; wherein,
the transmit-receive frequency spectrum matching detection includes:
5a, disconnecting the satellite from the antenna;
5b, the satellite simultaneously transmits a left-right rotation modulation signal, and an adjustable stepping attenuator of the satellite is adjusted to ensure that the power level difference of two channels is less than 1dB;
5c, the satellite two channels simultaneously transmit single carrier signals;
detecting the frequencies of two channels of transmitted carrier signals of the satellite respectively by using a spectrometer;
5e, transmitting modulation signals by two channels of the satellite simultaneously;
detecting the spectrums of two channels of emission modulation signals of the satellite by using a spectrometer respectively;
5g, turning off the satellite transmitter, connecting the satellite antenna, placing the satellite antenna at an alignment state position, and adjusting the satellite attenuator value to ensure that the transmitted signal power cannot damage ground data transmission docking system equipment;
5h, restarting the satellite, transmitting a single carrier signal, and measuring the frequency of a received carrier signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a spectrometer;
5i, transmitting a modulation signal by a satellite, and measuring the frequency spectrum of a received modulation signal after the satellite signal is converted to an intermediate frequency by a frequency spectrometer;
the detection of the transmission-receiving code rate, the modulation-demodulation mode, the coding and decoding mode, the scrambling and descrambling mode and the code pattern matching comprises the following steps:
a. transmitting a modulated signal by a satellite;
b. the demodulator of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system receives and demodulates satellite signals, observes that the carrier wave, the code element and the frame synchronization of the demodulator are locked, and matches the code rate, the modulation-demodulation mode, the coding-decoding mode, the scrambling-descrambling mode and the code pattern from the interface.
8. The method for implementing data transmission satellite-to-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 7, wherein the satellite-to-ground synthesis XPD and bit error rate detection includes satellite-to-ground synthesis XPD and bit error rate detection in an aligned state and satellite-to-ground synthesis XPD and bit error rate detection in a non-aligned state;
the star-ground synthesis XPD and error rate detection under the alignment state comprises the following steps:
a. the satellite-ground antenna keeps alignment, and after the detection is finished, the equipment demodulator is in a corresponding matching state;
b. the satellite transmitter is turned off, the integral bandwidth BW of the frequency spectrograph is set according to the satellite transmitting signal characteristics, the noise power N of two ground receiving channels is detected respectively, and the value of N is recorded;
c. the satellite closes the second channel and independently transmits the first modulation signal of the first channel;
d. the frequency spectrograph respectively detects signal power S+N of two channels of the intermediate frequency of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system, calculates S/N, and obtains the S/N of the two channels 11 And S/N 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S/N 11 When the signal of the first channel is transmitted independently, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high, S/N 12 When the signal is the signal of the first independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high;
e. the satellite closes the first channel signal and independently transmits the second channel modulation signal;
f. repeating the step c to obtain two-channel S/N 21 And S/N 22 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S/N 21 When the signal is transmitted independently to the second signal, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high, and S/N is high 22 When the signal is the signal of the second transmission channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high;
g. c, obtaining star-to-ground synthesis XPD according to the step c and the step e, wherein the formula for obtaining the channel star-to-ground synthesis XPD is as follows: XPD 1 ＝S/N 11 -S/N 21 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The formula for obtaining the channel two-star synthesis XPD is as follows: XPD 2 ＝S/N 22 -S/N 12 ；
Wherein S/N 11 When the signal is the signal of the first independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high; S/N 21 When the signal is the signal of the second independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the first ground receiving channel is high; S/N 22 When the signal is the signal of the second transmission channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high; S/N 12 When the signal is the signal of the first independent transmitting channel, the signal to noise ratio of the second ground receiving channel is high;
h. under the state of keeping the alignment of the satellite antenna and the ground antenna, the satellite simultaneously transmits two-channel modulation signals;
i. according to the error rate statistics result, the satellite adjustable step attenuator is adjusted to enable the error rate to be within a specified level;
j. recording error rate statistics results, measuring the intermediate frequency signal power S+N of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system by using a frequency spectrograph, calculating to obtain S/N, and further obtaining C/N 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein S is effective signal power, N is noise power, and C/N 0 N is the carrier to noise ratio 0 Is the noise power spectral density;
the formula for obtaining S/N from S+N is as follows: s/n=10×log 10 ((10 ((S+N)-N)/10) -1)；
The obtained C/N 0 The formula of (2) is: C/N 0 ＝S/N+10*log 10 (BW)；
Wherein BW is the integral bandwidth of the spectrometer;
k. adjusting the attenuation value with the stepping precision of the adjustable stepping attenuator until the statistical real-time error rate is 0, and repeating the step j;
the star-to-ground synthesis XPD and error rate detection in the unaligned state includes:
a. b-j, changing the relative position relation between the satellite and the ground antenna, pulling the horizontal or vertical direction of the satellite antenna to a preset angle, and repeating the steps of detecting and synthesizing XPD and error rate under the alignment state;
b. b-j of detecting and synthesizing XPD and error rate under the alignment state is repeated by changing the relative position relation between the ground antenna and the satellite and pulling the azimuth or pitching direction of the ground antenna to a preset angle.
9. A system for implementing data-to-satellite docking with a satellite by a ground receiving station employing the method of any one of claims 1-8, comprising:
ground receiving antenna, channel equipment, ground demodulator, data recorder, radio frequency cable, frequency spectrograph, uplink test link and guarantee equipment;
the ground receiving antenna is connected to a channel device and an uplink test link; the ground receiving antenna is used for tracking and receiving radio frequency signals transmitted by satellites, has orthogonal polarization multiplexing receiving capability, can capture and receive polarization multiplexing signals transmitted by the satellites, and controls the antenna to point to the satellites when implementing data transmission satellite ground docking;
the channel equipment is respectively connected with a ground demodulator and a frequency spectrograph; the channel equipment is used for converting the radio frequency signals received by the antenna into intermediate frequency signals and transmitting the intermediate frequency signals to the ground demodulator for further processing;
the ground demodulator is further connected to the data recorder, and is used for demodulating and processing signals sent by satellites at an intermediate frequency end, and verifying key satellite-ground interface parameters: modulation coding mode, scrambling mode, code rate code pattern;
the data recorder is used for recording, landing and storing the original data obtained by processing the ground demodulator to finish the statistics of the error rate of PN codes or fixed frame data.
10. The system for implementing data-transmission satellite-ground docking between a ground receiving station and a satellite according to claim 9, wherein said radio frequency cable is used for connecting satellite-related equipment to a ground receiving antenna coupling port;
the uplink test link is used for performing self-checking on the state of the ground data transmission satellite-ground docking system;
the guarantee equipment is used for guaranteeing and assisting equipment when the ground receiving station is in data transmission satellite-ground docking with the satellite, and the safety and operability of the equipment are improved.
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