CN114499562B - High-sensitivity anti-blocking radio frequency receiver front end with impedance mapping function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity anti-blocking radio frequency receiver front end with an impedance mapping function. The front end of the receiver mainly comprises a radio frequency input port, a low-noise transconductance amplifier, an active negative feedback circuit, a passive mixer, a two-frequency divider, a homodromous and orthogonal transimpedance amplifier, a homodromous and orthogonal low-pass filter, a homodromous and orthogonal transconductance amplifier and the like. The invention uses the passive mixer and the low noise transconductance amplifier to map the impedance characteristic at the baseband to the radio frequency input end taking the local oscillation frequency as the center, and equivalently forms the radio frequency filter, so that the frequency of the blocking signal is not matched, most of the blocking signal is reflected, and the remaining non-reflected blocking signal is further attenuated after entering the low noise transconductance amplifier. The low-noise transconductance amplifier can inhibit noise of a post-stage circuit, so that the sensitivity and the dynamic range of the whole system can be further improved on the premise of having good blocking inhibition capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a front-end circuit of an anti-blocking receiver.
Background
In a wireless communication system, a radio frequency receiver may receive many high-power blocking signals that may interfere with the normal operation of the receiver, reducing the sensitivity and dynamic range of the receiver. To reduce the effect of blocking signals on the receiver, acoustic surface filters or other radio frequency band pass filters may be used, but these filters are generally costly and the center frequency is difficult to adjust. Therefore, the method for suppressing the high-power blocking signal by using the simpler and more effective method with lower cost has important significance for improving the sensitivity and the dynamic range of the receiving system.
For example, for an ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification system, information exchange is performed between a reader and an electronic tag through an electromagnetic field, so that the application scene is very wide, and the ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification system is widely used in traffic, entrance guard, security, military, anti-counterfeiting, automatic production and modern logistics. The reader and the tag are two major core components in a classical radio frequency identification system. The reader-writer generally comprises a high-frequency transceiver, a control unit and a coupling element, and is mainly used for communicating with a tag in the radio frequency identification system, reading and rewriting information of the tag. The common rfid systems can be divided into four categories, depending on the operating frequency: low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency and microwaves. The passive tag system with the ultra-high frequency band has the advantages of high communication data rate, small antenna size, long working distance and the like, and is widely focused in radio frequency identification research.
In the uhf rfid system, the reader-writer needs to transmit as well as receive. In the transmitting stage, the relevant instruction is modulated onto a high-frequency carrier wave by the reader-writer, and the relevant instruction is transmitted through an antenna and received by a passive tag, so that energy can be provided for a chip, and meanwhile, the signal is demodulated and the instruction is obtained. In the receiving stage, the reader still transmits continuous carrier signals which are not modulated to the passive tag, and at the same time, the tag can scatter the modulated continuous carrier waves into the reader through a backscattering mechanism, so that the signal return is realized. In the backscattering, the carrier frequencies of the received signal and the reflected signal are the same, so the ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification reader-writer receiver always receives a high-power carrier signal sent by a transmitter in the system and leaked into a receiving path, and the signal can saturate a baseband circuit and seriously deteriorate the sensitivity of the receiver. Therefore, improving the suppression capability of the reader-writer receiver to the carrier signal is a great challenge of the ultrahigh frequency radio frequency reader-writer receiver.
In addition, the communication distance is an important factor for the back-scatter communication scheme used in the uhf rfid system. With the continuous development of backscatter communication technology, the requirements on communication distance are also increasing, and an important way to increase communication distance for ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification readers is to increase the sensitivity and dynamic range of the receiver. But is limited to the conventional receiver structure of the reader-writer, the carrier suppression capability is limited, and the sensitivity is difficult to improve. Therefore, improving the sensitivity of the reader-writer receiver is another challenge of the ultrahigh frequency radio frequency reader-writer receiver.
In view of the above two problems, the present invention provides a front-end circuit of a high-sensitivity anti-blocking radio frequency receiver with an impedance mapping function, and for an ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification system, a blocking signal is a high-power carrier signal received by the system. The band-pass impedance characteristic formed at the baseband is mapped to the radio frequency end by utilizing the impedance mapping function of the passive mixer, so that the band-stop characteristic taking the carrier frequency as the center is formed at the radio frequency end, and the carrier signal is filtered, thereby being a solution for realizing carrier suppression. Different from the scheme that a large number of mixers are directly used as the first stage of the radio frequency receiver, the invention introduces a low-noise transconductance amplifier at the front end of the passive mixer, and suppresses the noise contribution of the later stage by using the radio frequency gain provided by the low-noise transconductance amplifier, thereby reducing the noise coefficient of the system. And the active negative feedback is introduced into the low-noise transconductance amplifier, so that secondary impedance mapping can be further performed, and good band-stop filtering is realized at the radio frequency input end, so that the good carrier rejection capability of the system is ensured. For other systems with high-power blocking signals, the structure of the baseband circuit is only required to be adjusted to obtain proper impedance characteristics, so that similar radio frequency filtering characteristics can be obtained at the radio frequency input end, and the influence of blocking can be restrained. Therefore, the impedance mapping method provided by the invention can be also applied to other anti-blocking receivers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-sensitivity anti-blocking receiver front-end circuit with an impedance mapping function, which is mainly applied to a radio frequency identification reader-writer receiver and other receiver systems needing to inhibit strong blocking interference, and can realize good sensitivity and higher dynamic range on the premise of ensuring good carrier suppression degree or blocking suppression capability.
The invention provides a front-end circuit of a high-sensitivity anti-blocking receiver with an impedance mapping function, taking a high-sensitivity ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification receiver with a carrier suppression function as an example, the structure of the front-end circuit is shown in figure 1, and the front-end circuit comprises: a radio frequency input port 1, a low noise transconductance amplifier 2, an active negative feedback circuit 3, a passive mixer 4, a frequency divider 5, a homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6, a homodromous low pass filter 7, a homodromous transconductance amplifier 8, a quadrature transimpedance amplifier 9, a quadrature low pass filter 10 and a quadrature transconductance amplifier 11. The low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 and the active negative feedback circuit 3 are connected in parallel between the radio frequency input port 1 and the passive mixer 4; the divide-by-two divider 5 is connected between the passive mixer 4 and the local oscillator signal. The rest part forms a baseband circuit and is divided into a homodromous circuit and a quadrature circuit, the two parts are only the phase difference of the local oscillation by 90 degrees, and the circuit architecture is completely the same. The homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6, the homodromous low-pass filter 7 and the homodromous transconductance amplifier 8 are sequentially connected into a loop, namely a homodromous circuit, and output baseband homodromous signals; the quadrature transimpedance amplifier 9, the quadrature low-pass filter 10 and the quadrature transconductance amplifier 11 are sequentially connected into a loop, namely a quadrature circuit, and output is a baseband quadrature signal. The homodromous output end of the passive mixer 4 is connected to the homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6, and the quadrature output end of the passive mixer 4 is connected to the quadrature transimpedance amplifier 9.
The low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 is configured to receive a radio frequency voltage signal of the radio frequency input port 1, convert the received radio frequency voltage signal into a radio frequency current signal, and operate in a current mode, thereby reducing swing and improving the anti-interference capability of the system. And the self radio frequency gain can also restrain the noise of the system.
The active negative feedback circuit 3 is connected with the passive mixer 4 of the rear stage, and maps the band-stop characteristic of the front end of the mixer to the radio frequency input end through impedance transformation, and the gain of the low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 is changed along with the frequency due to different loads under different frequencies, so that the gain is low at a carrier wave position and high at a signal position, thereby realizing the suppression effect on the carrier wave.
The passive mixer 4 is used for down-mixing the radio frequency signal output by the low noise transconductance amplifier 2 to a baseband, and quadrature demodulation is used in the demodulation process to obtain the homodromous output and the quadrature output. And under the effect of impedance mapping, the band-pass impedance characteristic of the baseband can be mapped to the radio frequency end to form band-stop characteristic taking the local oscillation frequency as the center.
The frequency divider 5 is configured to divide an external input clock signal with twice the carrier frequency by two to generate a non-overlapping square wave signal, so as to control on and off of the passive mixer 4, and enable the passive mixer 4 to have an impedance mapping function.
The same-direction transimpedance amplifier 6 and the orthogonal transimpedance amplifier 9 are used for converting the baseband current signal after the frequency mixing of the passive mixer 4 into a voltage signal, and have a low-pass amplifying function, filtering out-of-band signals and amplifying in-band signals; here, the homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6, the homodromous low-pass filter 7, and the homodromous transconductance amplifier 8 constitute a homodromous feedback system. The quadrature transimpedance amplifier 9, the quadrature low-pass filter 10 and the quadrature transconductance amplifier 11 form a quadrature negative feedback system for canceling the direct current component of the carrier signal which is not reflected and is subjected to down mixing, so that the influence of the carrier signal on a circuit is reduced.
In a wireless communication system, the rf input receives high power blocking signals at various frequencies that can severely affect the proper operation of the receiving system. Taking an ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification system as an example, the reader-writer and the tag are two core components, and the reader-writer and the tag are communicated in an electromagnetic far-field coupling mode. In this system, the reader/writer needs to transmit signals as well as receive signals. In the receiving phase, the carrier signal transmitted by the transmitter and the signal returned by the tag modulation enter the radio frequency input port 1 after being isolated by the circulator. The low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 connected behind the radio frequency input port 1 and the active negative feedback circuit 3 connected in parallel with the low-noise transconductance amplifier can conduct low-noise transconductance amplification on the received radio frequency voltage signal and convert the received radio frequency voltage signal into a radio frequency current signal. The input port of the passive mixer 4 is connected with the low noise transconductance amplifier 2, the local oscillation signal is connected with the other port of the passive mixer through the two frequency dividers 5, so that the radio frequency signal can be mixed down to the baseband, the homodromous output end of the passive mixer 4 is connected to the homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6, the mixed baseband current signal is amplified into a voltage signal in a low pass way, the output of the homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6 is connected with the homodromous low pass filter 7, the output of the homodromous low pass filter 7 is connected with the input of the homodromous transconductance amplifier 8, and the output of the homodromous transconductance amplifier 8 is connected with the input of the homodromous transimpedance amplifier 6. For the quadrature output of the passive mixer 4, the quadrature transimpedance amplifier 9, the quadrature low-pass filter 10 and the quadrature transconductance amplifier 11 are connected to the forward traffic path and are formed in a completely identical structure. Therefore, a homodromous feedback loop and a quadrature feedback loop can be formed in the base band, so that the amplification of signals, the cancellation of carriers and the performance of ensuring the high sensitivity of the system are realized.
The invention has the core that the low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 is introduced and combined with the impedance mapping characteristic of the passive mixer 4, so that the effects of inhibiting system noise and improving sensitivity can be achieved, band-stop filtering can be formed at a radio frequency input end through impedance mapping for two times, and the gain is low and mismatched at a carrier wave; the gain of the signal is high and the matching is good, so that the carrier signal is effectively restrained.
The invention realizes the suppression of system noise by introducing a low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 at the radio frequency input end, which is based on the relation of noise coefficients of cascade stages of the radio frequency system, as shown in fig. 2, wherein the figure is the noise coefficient analysis simplification of the front-end system of the receiver, 12 represents a first-stage amplifier of the system, and 13 represents a later-stage circuit. Specifically, in a cascaded system, the noise generated by each stage of circuitry decreases as the total useful power gain of its preceding stage increases, i.e., in a radio frequency system, the noise of the first stage dominates and the gain of the first stage suppresses the noise of the next stages. Therefore, a first-stage low-noise transconductance amplifier is introduced before the mixer, and the gain of the low-noise transconductance amplifier directly reduces the contribution of noise of a later-stage circuit, so that the noise coefficient of the whole receiver is reduced.
The invention provides a radio frequency identification reader-writer receiver front-end circuit with an impedance mapping function, which firstly forms an impedance with bandpass characteristic at a baseband through a feedback loop formed by a transimpedance amplifier, a low-pass filter and a transconductance amplifier; next, the impedance of the bandpass characteristic is mapped to the input impedance of the bandpass characteristic centered on the local oscillator signal by the impedance mapping of the passive mixer; finally, the active feedback characteristic of the low noise transconductance amplifier itself further maps this band reject characteristic to the radio frequency input. The in-band signal frequency is high impedance and well matched and therefore amplified, while the carrier signal is low impedance and poorly matched and therefore attenuated. According to this principle, a suppression effect on the high-power carrier signal can be achieved.
When the reader-writer receiver works, the whole receiver maps the impedance characteristic of the baseband low frequency to the radio frequency end. The impedance of the low-pass characteristic of the baseband is mapped to the radio frequency end centering on the local oscillation frequency by the impedance mapping function of the passive mixer 4, so that the impedance of the symmetrical band-stop characteristic is formed. Under the action of the active negative feedback circuit 3 of the low noise transconductance amplifier 2, the band-stop characteristic is mapped to the radio frequency input end, and the whole process completes the impedance mapping from the baseband to the radio frequency input end. The structure of the low noise transconductance amplifier introduced by the radio frequency front end is greatly different from the traditional receiver used in the ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification reader-writer. When a high power carrier signal and an in-band signal enter the first stage low noise transconductance amplifier of the system at the same time, the impedance at the carrier frequency is different from the impedance at the useful signal frequency, and the impedance at the useful signal frequency is mostly entered into the system, while the impedance at the carrier frequency is not matched and mostly reflected. After transconductance amplification by the low noise transconductance amplifier 2, the voltage signal is converted into a current signal. At the moment, at the radio frequency input end, the frequency of a useful signal is high-impedance, the useful signal is matched with the source impedance, and the signal is amplified; the carrier signal is low impedance at frequency and is not matched to the source impedance and is thus suppressed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front-end circuit of a high-sensitivity anti-blocking receiver with an impedance mapping function according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram of noise figure analysis of a receiver front-end system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an impedance mapping diagram of a receiver front-end according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific example of the present invention further with reference to a schematic configuration of a receiver front-end circuit in the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, for example, in the case of a high-sensitivity uhf rfid receiver with carrier rejection, when the whole receiver front-end is operating normally, the transimpedance amplifiers 6, 9 of the baseband section have low-pass characteristics, and a low-pass filter 7, 10 and a transconductance amplifier 8, 11 are introduced from the output to the input thereof to form a negative feedback loop. The cut-off frequency of the low-pass filters 7, 10 is far lower than the cut-off frequency of the transimpedance amplifiers 6, 9, and mainly the carrier down-mixing signals near the direct current part pass through and are cancelled after transconductance amplification. Under the combined action of the three parts, the baseband forms impedance with band-pass characteristic, and the impedance is high at the frequency of the in-band signal and low at the out-band. When the two frequency divider 5 works normally, the non-overlapping clock can be provided for the passive mixer 4 to control the on and off of the mixer, so that the input signal can charge and discharge the baseband signal, and the baseband bandpass characteristic impedance is mapped to the mixer to form the radio frequency band impedance characteristic impedance, and the center frequency is the local oscillation frequency. This rf band-reject characteristic impedance is then further mapped to the rf input under impedance mapping of the low noise transconductance amplifier 2 with the active negative feedback circuit 3.
When a high power carrier and a useful signal enter the receiver system simultaneously, the impedance at the useful signal frequency is mostly matched and mostly reflected due to the different impedances at the carrier frequency and the useful signal frequency. When the low noise transconductance amplifier 2 performs transconductance amplification, the voltage signal is converted into a current signal. At this time, the load at the useful signal frequency is high resistance, the signal is amplified, and the load at the carrier signal frequency is low resistance, and thus suppressed. The useful signal enters the baseband after the down-mixing, and is amplified again by the transimpedance amplifiers 6 and 9, and the direct current component of the carrier signal after the down-mixing is cancelled in the baseband after passing through the feedback network formed by the transimpedance amplifiers 6 and 9, the low-pass filters 7 and 10 and the transconductance amplifiers 8 and 11, so that the receiver can keep good carrier suppression characteristics. Most importantly, as the low-noise transconductance amplifier 2 is introduced into the first stage of the radio frequency, the radio frequency gain provided by the low-noise transconductance amplifier can inhibit the noise of the later stage, so that the noise coefficient of the system can be reduced, and the sensitivity and the dynamic range of the receiver are improved.
The invention utilizes the impedance mapping function of the passive mixer and the active negative feedback function of the low-noise transconductance amplifier to map the impedance characteristic at the baseband to the radio frequency end taking the local oscillation frequency as the center, thereby equivalently forming a radio frequency filter at the radio frequency input end, and leading the blocking signal frequency to be mismatched and reflected. On the other hand, after the remaining blocking signal which is not reflected enters the system, the impedance of the blocking frequency signal seen from the input end of the mixer is far lower than the impedance of the in-band signal frequency, and the low-noise transconductance amplifier has larger gain at the in-band signal frequency than at the blocking frequency, so that the suppression capability of the blocking signal can be further improved. In addition, the low-noise transconductance amplifier positioned at the first stage of the receiver can provide a certain radio frequency gain to effectively inhibit noise of a later-stage circuit, so that the sensitivity and the dynamic range of the whole system can be further improved on the premise of having good blocking inhibition capability.
Claims (1)
1. A high-sensitivity anti-blocking radio frequency receiver front end with an impedance mapping function, taking a high-sensitivity ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification receiver with a carrier suppression function as an example, is characterized by comprising: the low-noise high-frequency high-power amplifier comprises a radio frequency input port (1), a low-noise transconductance amplifier (2), an active negative feedback circuit (3), a passive mixer (4), a frequency divider (5), a homodromous transimpedance amplifier (6), a homodromous low-pass filter (7), a homodromous transconductance amplifier (8), a quadrature transimpedance amplifier (9), a quadrature low-pass filter (10) and a quadrature transconductance amplifier (11). The low-noise transconductance amplifier (2) and the active negative feedback circuit (3) are connected in parallel between the radio frequency input port (1) and the passive mixer (4); the frequency divider (5) is connected between the passive mixer (4) and the local oscillator signal. The other parts form a baseband circuit, and the baseband circuit is divided into a homodromous circuit and a quadrature circuit, wherein the two parts are only different in local oscillation phase by 90 degrees, and the circuit architecture is completely the same. The homodromous transimpedance amplifier (6), the homodromous low-pass filter (7) and the homodromous transconductance amplifier (8) are sequentially connected into a loop, namely a homodromous circuit, and output baseband homodromous signals; the quadrature transimpedance amplifier (9), the quadrature low-pass filter (10) and the quadrature transconductance amplifier (11) are sequentially connected into a loop, namely a quadrature circuit, and output is a baseband quadrature signal; the homodromous output end of the passive mixer (4) is connected to the homodromous transimpedance amplifier (6), and the orthogonal output end of the passive mixer (4) is connected to the orthogonal transimpedance amplifier (9);
The low-noise transconductance amplifier (2) is used for receiving the radio frequency voltage signal of the radio frequency input port (1), converting the received radio frequency voltage signal into a radio frequency current signal and working in a current mode;
The active negative feedback circuit (3) is connected with the passive mixer (4) at the rear stage, and the band-stop characteristic of the front end of the passive mixer (4) is mapped to the radio frequency input end through impedance transformation;
the passive mixer (4) is used for down-mixing the radio frequency signals output by the low-noise transconductance amplifier (2) to a baseband, and quadrature demodulation is used in the demodulation process to obtain homodromous output and quadrature output; under the action of impedance mapping, the band-pass impedance characteristic of the baseband is mapped to a radio frequency end to form a filtering characteristic taking local oscillation frequency as the center;
the frequency divider (5) is used for dividing an external input clock signal with twice carrier frequency by two to generate a non-overlapping square wave signal to control the on and off of the passive mixer (4), so that the passive mixer (4) has an impedance mapping function;
the same-direction transimpedance amplifier (6) and the orthogonal transimpedance amplifier (9) are used for converting a baseband current signal after the passive mixer (4) mixes into a voltage signal, and have a low-pass amplifying function, filtering out-of-band signals and amplifying in-band signals; the homodromous transimpedance amplifier (6), the homodromous low-pass filter (7) and the homodromous transconductance amplifier (8) form a homodromous feedback system. The quadrature transimpedance amplifier (9), the quadrature low-pass filter (10) and the quadrature transconductance amplifier (11) form a quadrature negative feedback system, which is used for canceling direct current components of the carrier signal which is not reflected and is subjected to down-mixing, so that the influence of the carrier signal on a circuit is reduced.
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