CN114498681A - A method and device for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced load in distribution network - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属电力技术领域，涉及一种配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的方法和装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, and relates to a method and a device for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced loads in a distribution network.
背景技术Background technique
在常见的电能质量问题中，三相不平衡与谐波问题最为突出，引起的经济损失最大。低压配电网中由于单相负荷接入的不可控增容、用户用电时间随机性等因素，都会导致三相配电网台区电压长期处于不平衡状态。所带来供电线路损耗可高达12.8％以上，使得用户侧电压太低无法达到接入要求。这种低合格率的供电品质将严重制约未来智能电网的发展。Among the common power quality problems, three-phase unbalance and harmonic problems are the most prominent and cause the greatest economic loss. In the low-voltage distribution network, due to the uncontrollable capacity increase of single-phase load access and the randomness of the user's power consumption time, the voltage of the three-phase distribution network will be in an unbalanced state for a long time. The resulting power supply line loss can be as high as 12.8% or more, making the user side voltage too low to meet the access requirements. This low qualified rate of power supply quality will seriously restrict the development of smart grid in the future.
综上所述，现有技术存在以下缺点：目前国内市场上针对电能质量治理的设备只能单独治理某一类型质量问题，没有一套成系统级的综合性治理解决方案。针对解决三相负荷不均衡问题，大多国内厂家都有电力成套设备，例如南德电力公司的NAD系列三相不平衡调节装置SPC产品及相关智能换相开关，针对谐波问题，很多厂家的有源电力滤波器(APF)都能解决问题，但受限于容量，治理范围有限，而且价格偏高。针对电能质量问题的单一治理方案很容易出现过补偿或欠补偿的情况，无法智能调节，对于可能出现的电能质量问题无法智能预测。To sum up, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: the current equipment for power quality control in the domestic market can only treat a certain type of quality problem alone, and there is no comprehensive system-level solution. In order to solve the problem of unbalanced three-phase load, most domestic manufacturers have complete sets of power equipment, such as the NAD series three-phase unbalance adjustment device SPC products and related intelligent commutation switches of Nande Electric Power Company. For harmonic problems, many manufacturers have The source power filter (APF) can solve the problem, but it is limited by the capacity, the scope of management is limited, and the price is high. A single governance solution for power quality problems is prone to over-compensation or under-compensation, and cannot be adjusted intelligently, and cannot be intelligently predicted for possible power quality problems.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明主要目的在于提出了一种配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的方法和装置，旨在解决三相负荷不均衡和谐波问题，保障电能的高质量输出。The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a method and device for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced load in distribution network, aiming at solving the problem of unbalanced three-phase load and harmonics and ensuring high-quality output of electric energy.
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的方法，所述方法应用于云端监控层的监控设备，包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a method for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced load in a distribution network. The method is applied to the monitoring equipment of the cloud monitoring layer, and includes the following steps:
步骤1：接收低压配电网中动态补偿设备，智能换相设备以及智能仪表的运行状态数据；所述运行状态数据是通过网络层协议发送的；Step 1: Receive the operating status data of the dynamic compensation equipment, the intelligent commutation equipment and the smart meter in the low-voltage distribution network; the operating status data is sent through the network layer protocol;
步骤2：计算低压配电网中三相用电的不平衡度；Step 2: Calculate the unbalance degree of three-phase power consumption in the low-voltage distribution network;
步骤3：根据所述不平衡度调整三相负荷，改善三相输出的电能质量；或者提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类；并可基于所述运行状态数据和所述不同分类，对低压配电网的负荷进行预测。Step 3: Adjust the three-phase load according to the unbalance degree to improve the power quality of the three-phase output; or extract the historical data of the operating state of the low-voltage distribution network, and perform cluster analysis on the operating state data to form different classification; and based on the operating state data and the different classifications, a load prediction of the low voltage distribution network may be performed.
特别地，云端监控层的监控设备包括：监控主站和智能终端；动态补偿设备采用三电平半桥模块。In particular, the monitoring equipment of the cloud monitoring layer includes: a monitoring master station and an intelligent terminal; the dynamic compensation equipment adopts a three-level half-bridge module.
特别地，所述不平衡度包括：
特别地，根据所述不平衡度调整三相负荷，改善三相输出的电能质量包括：当所述三相不平衡率超过设定数值时，控制终端轮检台区下开关状态，根据换相开关的运行情况，通过控制终端对指定换相开关进行换相控制；然后根据调整后的不平衡率，对动态补偿设备发送协调补偿指令，按照容量来调整配变输出电流。In particular, adjusting the three-phase load according to the unbalance degree and improving the power quality of the three-phase output includes: when the three-phase unbalance rate exceeds a set value, controlling the switch state in the terminal polling station area, according to the phase commutation According to the operation status of the switch, the designated commutation switch is controlled by the control terminal; then, according to the adjusted unbalance rate, the coordination compensation command is sent to the dynamic compensation equipment, and the output current of the distribution transformer is adjusted according to the capacity.
特别地，通过控制终端对指定换相开关进行换相控制包括将重载相负荷转移到轻载相上，实现宽范围调整线路中负荷分布。In particular, the commutation control of the designated commutation switch through the control terminal includes transferring the load of the heavy-load phase to the light-load phase, so as to realize wide-range adjustment of the load distribution in the line.
特别地，提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类包括：a、提取历史数据，该历史数据包括低压配电网负荷的多个特征数据；将所述多个特征数据中的每一个作为聚类中心，遍历计算任意两个聚类中心之间的距离；b、选取距离最近的两个聚类中心，选取距离最近的两个聚类中心，将这两个聚类中心归并；c、检测聚类中心的个数，若聚类中心的个数大于预设的数据类别数，重复步骤b和步骤c，直至聚类中心的个数等于预设的数据类别数，得到数据分类所需的类别。In particular, extracting historical data of the operating state of the low-voltage distribution network, performing cluster analysis on the operating state data, and forming different classifications include: a. Extracting historical data, where the historical data includes multiple loads of the low-voltage distribution network. feature data; take each of the plurality of feature data as a cluster center, traverse and calculate the distance between any two cluster centers; b. Select the two cluster centers with the closest distance, and select the two closest cluster centers. C. Detect the number of cluster centers, if the number of cluster centers is greater than the preset number of data categories, repeat step b and step c until the cluster center The number of is equal to the preset number of data categories, and the categories required for data classification are obtained.
特别地，运行状态数据包括相序，幅值，相位，不平衡变化率以及设备历史切换次数和补偿率；所述不同分类包括：配电网负荷为正常，配电网负荷为待观察，或者配电网负荷为告警。In particular, the operating state data includes phase sequence, amplitude, phase, rate of unbalance change, and historical switching times and compensation rate of equipment; the different classifications include: distribution network load is normal, distribution network load is to be observed, or The distribution network load is an alarm.
本发明还提出了一种配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的装置，包括：The present invention also proposes a device for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced loads in a distribution network, including:
状态数据接收模块，用于接收低压配电网中动态补偿设备，智能换相设备以及智能仪表的运行状态数据；所述运行状态数据是通过网络层协议发送的；a status data receiving module, used for receiving the running status data of the dynamic compensation equipment, the intelligent commutation equipment and the intelligent instrument in the low-voltage distribution network; the running status data is sent through the network layer protocol;
计算模块，用于计算低压配电网中三相用电的不平衡度；The calculation module is used to calculate the unbalance of three-phase power consumption in the low-voltage distribution network;
负荷调整和聚类预测模块：用于根据所述不平衡度调整三相负荷，改善三相输出的电能质量；或者提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类；并可基于所述运行状态数据和所述不同分类，对低压配电网的负荷进行预测。Load adjustment and clustering prediction module: used to adjust the three-phase load according to the unbalance degree to improve the power quality of the three-phase output; Cluster analysis is performed to form different classifications; and based on the operating state data and the different classifications, the load of the low-voltage distribution network can be predicted.
采用本发明的方法和装置，可产生以下技术效果：Using the method and device of the present invention, the following technical effects can be produced:
1、不平衡负荷优化治理技术，功能效果：自动鉴相，分级协调补偿，使不平衡度小于5％，用户侧保持90％以上额定电压；1. Unbalanced load optimization control technology, functional effect: automatic phase identification, hierarchical coordination compensation, so that the unbalance degree is less than 5%, and the user side maintains more than 90% of the rated voltage;
2、远程监控分析，实现状态检修，减少人力维护成本；2. Remote monitoring and analysis to realize condition maintenance and reduce labor maintenance costs;
3、基于人工智能的短期负荷不平衡状态预测技术；3. Short-term load imbalance prediction technology based on artificial intelligence;
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提出配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的系统架构图；Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of the intelligent regulation and prediction of the unbalanced load of the distribution network proposed by the present invention;
图2a为现有技术中采用的反并联晶闸管的双向电子开关示意图；2a is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional electronic switch of an anti-parallel thyristor adopted in the prior art;
图2b为现有技术中采用的辅助接触器组件的复合开关示意图；2b is a schematic diagram of a composite switch of an auxiliary contactor assembly adopted in the prior art;
图2c为本发明中采用的接入开关示意图；Fig. 2c is the schematic diagram of the access switch adopted in the present invention;
图3为本发明中智能换相前后电压电流的波形示意图；Fig. 3 is the waveform schematic diagram of voltage and current before and after intelligent commutation in the present invention;
图4和图5分别为补偿设备投入前后的效果图；Figure 4 and Figure 5 are the effect diagrams before and after the compensation equipment is put into operation;
图6为本发明中采用的短期负荷不平衡状态预测图。FIG. 6 is a short-term load unbalanced state prediction diagram used in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作出详细说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
在常见的电能质量问题中，三相不平衡与谐波问题最为突出，引起的经济损失最大。低压配电网中由于单相负荷接入的不可控增容、用户用电时间随机性等因素，都会导致三相配电网台区电压长期处于不平衡状态。所带来供电线路损耗可高达12.8％以上，使得用户侧电压太低无法达到接入要求。这种低合格率的供电品质将严重制约未来智能电网的发展。Among the common power quality problems, three-phase unbalance and harmonic problems are the most prominent and cause the greatest economic loss. In the low-voltage distribution network, due to the uncontrollable capacity increase of single-phase load access and the randomness of the user's power consumption time, the voltage of the three-phase distribution network will be in an unbalanced state for a long time. The resulting power supply line loss can be as high as 12.8% or more, making the user side voltage too low to meet the access requirements. This low qualified rate of power supply quality will seriously restrict the development of smart grid in the future.
为解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于云端监控层的监控设备，该方法包括如下步骤：步骤1：接收低压配电网中动态补偿设备，智能换相设备以及智能仪表的运行状态数据；所述运行状态数据是通过网络层协议发送的；In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced loads in a distribution network, which is characterized in that the method is applied to the monitoring equipment of the cloud monitoring layer, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Receive the running status data of dynamic compensation equipment, intelligent commutation equipment and smart meters in the low-voltage distribution network; the running status data is sent through the network layer protocol;
本方法中采用的系统主要分为不平衡治理设备层、网络传输层和云端监控层。设备层包括有不平衡动态补偿设备和智能换相设备以及原系统配备的智能仪表等。智能换相设备安装于台区中多个重负荷单相支路中，承担大范围调整线路中负荷分布的功能。不平衡动态补偿设备则安装于台区变压器的输出侧，具备有功电流平衡，无功补偿和谐波抑制等多种控制模式。并可根据容量随意组合各模式来小幅度调整负荷分布，从而改善台区变压器输出电能质量。The system adopted in this method is mainly divided into an unbalanced management device layer, a network transmission layer and a cloud monitoring layer. The equipment layer includes unbalance dynamic compensation equipment, intelligent commutation equipment, and intelligent instruments equipped with the original system. The intelligent commutation equipment is installed in multiple heavy-load single-phase branches in the station area, and undertakes the function of adjusting the load distribution in the line in a wide range. The unbalanced dynamic compensation equipment is installed on the output side of the transformer in the Taiwan area, and has various control modes such as active current balance, reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression. The load distribution can be adjusted to a small extent by combining the modes at will according to the capacity, thereby improving the output power quality of the transformer in the station area.
网络传输层通过GPRS，电力载波或ZigBee等通信技术，收集来自动态补偿设备，智能换相设备以及智能仪表的运行状态，负荷电气参数等数据信息，并上传至云端监控层的监控主站和智能终端。智能云端可随时监测低压配电端的负荷情况。若在某时间段内三相电流不平衡度严重，则云端将根据设备层上传的电流数据进行决策分析The network transmission layer collects data information from dynamic compensation equipment, intelligent commutation equipment and intelligent instrument operation status, load electrical parameters and other data information through communication technologies such as GPRS, power carrier or ZigBee, and uploads it to the monitoring master station and intelligent terminal. The intelligent cloud can monitor the load situation of the low-voltage distribution terminal at any time. If the three-phase current imbalance is serious in a certain period of time, the cloud will make decision analysis based on the current data uploaded by the device layer.
步骤2：计算低压配电网中三相用电的不平衡度；电力系统中的低压配电网三相不平衡通常采用不平衡度来度量，其定义如下：Step 2: Calculate the unbalance degree of three-phase power consumption in the low-voltage distribution network; the three-phase unbalance of the low-voltage distribution network in the power system is usually measured by the unbalance degree, which is defined as follows:
式中αi表示a，b，c三相中第i相的不平衡度，Imi为i相中的最大电流值； Iav则为三相电力的平均值。低压复合的不对称接入是不平衡产生的根本原因，按照其表现特点可以分为以下几类:In the formula, α i represents the unbalance degree of the i-th phase in the a, b, and c phases, I mi is the maximum current value in the i phase, and I av is the average value of the three-phase power. The asymmetric access of the low-voltage compound is the root cause of the imbalance, and can be divided into the following categories according to its performance characteristics:
用户接线原因User wiring reason
由于低压配电台区规划管理缺位，三相间承担的用户数量分配不均，或者各相用户用电差异性较大。此类表现为负荷大的相总是大，负荷小的相总是小，相差的比例在全天的各个时段基本没有变化。Due to the lack of planning and management of the low-voltage distribution station area, the number of users undertaken by the three phases is unevenly distributed, or the power consumption of each phase is quite different. This type of performance is that the phase with large load is always large, and the phase with small load is always small, and the proportion of the difference basically does not change at various time periods throughout the day.
时段性差异time difference
三相负载基本平衡，晚上负荷高峰时段不平衡程度严重。或者工厂三相生产用电和单相生活用电混合的场合，白天主要是三相生产用电，相间电流较平衡，晚上生活用电高峰时段，三相电流相差很大。The three-phase load is basically balanced, and the imbalance is serious during the peak load period at night. Or in the case where the three-phase production electricity of the factory and the single-phase domestic electricity consumption are mixed, the three-phase production electricity is mainly used during the day, and the phase-to-phase current is relatively balanced.
季节性差异seasonal differences
由于各个季节三相生产用电和单相生活用电的比例在变化，而单相负载在三相上分配不均造成的。典型如农忙时节的灌溉、夏季空调等。Because the proportion of three-phase production electricity and single-phase domestic electricity consumption changes in each season, and the single-phase load is unevenly distributed on the three-phase. Typical examples are irrigation in busy seasons, air conditioning in summer, etc.
步骤3：根据所述不平衡度调整三相负荷，改善三相输出的电能质量；或者提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类；基于所述运行状态数据和所述不同分类，对低压配电网的负荷进行预测。Step 3: Adjust the three-phase load according to the unbalance degree to improve the power quality of the three-phase output; or extract the historical data of the operating state of the low-voltage distribution network, and perform cluster analysis on the operating state data to form different Classification; based on the operating state data and the different classifications, predicting the load of the low voltage distribution network.
步骤3中包括两种选择，第一种选择为根据所述不平衡度调整三相负荷，改善三相输出的电能质量包括：当所述三相不平衡率超过设定数值时，例如超过1 2％，此时必须采取紧急措施，控制终端轮检台区下开关状态，根据可控开关运行情况，通过控制终端对指定换相开关进行换相控制；然后根据调整后的不平衡率，对动态补偿设备发送协调补偿指令，按照容量来调整配变输出电流。具体换相可选择将重载相负荷转移到轻载相上，实现宽范围调整线路中负荷分布。
本方案采用智能换相设备和动态补偿设备，实现低压三相负荷的不平衡调节：This scheme adopts intelligent commutation equipment and dynamic compensation equipment to realize unbalanced regulation of low-voltage three-phase loads:
(a)智能换相设备(a) Intelligent commutation device
智能换相设备通过接入换相开关的方式改变负荷接入相别，平均分配各相所承担的复合容量。传统的接入开关为机械式开关，切换时间达到1s以上，换相时会引起用户瞬时停电。因此只能应用于电压敏感度不高且功率因数较大的用户节点。The intelligent commutation equipment changes the load access phase by accessing the commutation switch, and evenly distributes the composite capacity borne by each phase. The traditional access switch is a mechanical switch, the switching time is more than 1s, and the user will lose power instantaneously during phase commutation. Therefore, it can only be applied to user nodes with low voltage sensitivity and large power factor.
为了提高切换时间，减小对用户供电的影响。目前市场上的接入开关主要采用反并联晶闸管的双向电子开关，或加入辅助接触器组件的复合开关，如图2(a) (b)所示。由于采用了半控型电力电子器件—晶闸管，需要额外的驱动电路。而且因为其反向特性，至少需要半个电压基波周期才能关断，因此负荷切换时间依然受到限制。In order to improve the switching time and reduce the impact on the user's power supply. At present, the access switches on the market mainly use bidirectional electronic switches with anti-parallel thyristors, or composite switches with auxiliary contactor components, as shown in Figure 2 (a) (b). Due to the use of semi-controlled power electronic devices - thyristors, additional drive circuits are required. And because of its reverse characteristic, it needs at least half the voltage fundamental wave cycle to turn off, so the load switching time is still limited.
本方案采用单向导通的二极管加辅助接触器组件的接入开关方式，如图2(c) 所示。不需要附加驱动电路，切换响应时间可以达到10ms(半个基波周期)以下，切换效果如图3所示。This scheme adopts the access switch mode of unidirectional diode and auxiliary contactor assembly, as shown in Figure 2(c). No additional drive circuit is required, and the switching response time can be less than 10ms (half the fundamental cycle), and the switching effect is shown in Figure 3.
此外在配电台区相序标识混乱的问题，采用人工校对的方法出错率高且增加了额外的工作量。本方案在智能换相设备中加入自动鉴别相序的算法，自动区分接入点的电压真实相序。采用即插即用的方式，有效缩短了现场施工时间，提高操作人员工作效率。In addition, in the problem of confusion of phase sequence identification in the distribution station area, the manual proofreading method has a high error rate and increases the extra workload. In this solution, an algorithm for automatic identification of the phase sequence is added to the intelligent commutation device to automatically distinguish the real phase sequence of the voltage of the access point. The plug and play method is adopted, which effectively shortens the construction time on site and improves the work efficiency of operators.
(b)动态补偿设备(三电平逆变器)(b) Dynamic compensation equipment (three-level inverter)
不平衡负荷动态补偿设备的基本工作原理主要是通过在配网电源侧或负荷侧增设补偿装置对三相间不对称负荷进行调补，从而降低三相电流不平衡度，使三相不平衡系统被调整至三相平衡系统。其能够在不改变配网结构和运行方式下，快速有效地对三相不平衡进行抑制，并可以兼顾补偿无功和谐波的特点，因此是解决三相不平衡的有效措施。The basic working principle of the unbalanced load dynamic compensation equipment is to adjust and compensate the asymmetric load between the three phases by adding a compensation device on the power supply side or the load side of the distribution network, thereby reducing the three-phase current unbalance, so that the three-phase unbalanced system can be damaged. Adjust to a three-phase balanced system. It can quickly and effectively suppress the three-phase unbalance without changing the distribution network structure and operation mode, and can take into account the characteristics of compensating reactive power and harmonics, so it is an effective measure to solve the three-phase unbalance.
传统不平衡补偿设备多采用基于IGBT的两电平半桥结构，该结构下的电压应力较低，输出滤波元件较大，设备体积和容量在低压台区的应用中将受到限制。Traditional unbalance compensation equipment mostly adopts two-level half-bridge structure based on IGBT. Under this structure, the voltage stress is low, the output filter element is large, and the size and capacity of the equipment will be limited in the application of low-voltage platform.
本方案采用三电平结构作为动态补偿设备的基本拓扑，采用光伏领域出货量很大的英飞凌三电平半桥模块。器件的电压应力将减少到原来一半，因此损耗也相应减小。而且通过提升等效开关频率，输出滤波元件的体积也大为缩减。在相同成本的条件下，有效提高补偿设备容量。补偿设备投入前后的效果如图4和图5所示。This solution uses a three-level structure as the basic topology of the dynamic compensation equipment, and uses Infineon's three-level half-bridge module, which has a large shipment in the photovoltaic field. The voltage stress of the device will be reduced by half, so the losses will be reduced accordingly. And by increasing the equivalent switching frequency, the volume of the output filter element is also greatly reduced. Under the condition of the same cost, the capacity of compensation equipment can be effectively improved. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the effects before and after the compensation equipment is put into operation.
三相不平衡负荷智能调节系统根据低压配电网接线方式、台区负荷及用户分布情况选择一定数量的单相负荷分别安装换相设备，该部分负荷作为可调节负荷。并在变压器低压侧每回出线处安装配备有控制终端的动态补偿设备，实时采集监测此回出线三相运行情况，The three-phase unbalanced load intelligent adjustment system selects a certain number of single-phase loads to install commutation equipment according to the wiring mode of the low-voltage distribution network, the load in the station area and the distribution of users, and this part of the load is used as an adjustable load. In addition, a dynamic compensation device equipped with a control terminal is installed at each outlet on the low-voltage side of the transformer to collect and monitor the three-phase operation of the outlet in real time.
根据采集的数据进行计算平衡度。当控制终端监测到三相不平衡率超过设定数值时，例如设置为超过12％，此时必须采取紧急措施，控制终端轮检一遍台区下开关状态，根据可控开关运行情况，进行一系列的控制策略分析，如选择最优动作开关、校验是否满足时间、人工设置等动作条件以及计算调整之后三相平衡率等。满足动作条件则发出控制信号，通过控制终端对指定换相开关进行换相控制，将重载相负荷转移到轻载相上，实现宽范围调整线路中负荷分布。然后根据调整后的不平衡率对动态补偿设备发送协调补偿指令，按照容量来精细调整配变输出电流，改善三相输出的电能质量。The degree of balance is calculated based on the collected data. When the control terminal detects that the three-phase unbalance rate exceeds the set value, for example, it is set to exceed 12%, emergency measures must be taken at this time. A series of control strategy analysis, such as selecting the optimal action switch, verifying whether the action conditions such as time and manual settings are met, and calculating the three-phase balance rate after adjustment. When the action conditions are met, a control signal is sent, and the designated commutation switch is commutated through the control terminal, and the heavy-load phase load is transferred to the light-load phase to realize wide-range adjustment of the load distribution in the line. Then, according to the adjusted unbalance rate, a coordinated compensation command is sent to the dynamic compensation equipment, and the output current of the distribution transformer is finely adjusted according to the capacity, so as to improve the power quality of the three-phase output.
步骤3中的第二种选择为：当所述三相不平衡率未超过12％，则可提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类；基于所述运行状态数据和所述不同分类，对低压配电网的负荷进行预测。提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类包括：a、提取历史数据，该历史数据包括低压配电网负荷的多个特征数据；运行状态数据包括相序，幅值，相位，不平衡变化率以及设备历史切换次数和补偿率等等；The second option in
本实施例中采用类似分散性聚类(kmeans)的思想，将所述多个特征数据中的每一个作为聚类中心，遍历计算任意两个聚类中心之间的距离；例如可将相序，幅值，相位，不平衡变化率以及设备历史切换次数和补偿率，这六个特征作为聚类中心，任选两个计算他们之间的距离；In this embodiment, the idea of similar distributed clustering (kmeans) is adopted, and each of the plurality of characteristic data is used as a cluster center, and the distance between any two cluster centers can be traversed and calculated; , amplitude, phase, unbalance rate of change, and historical switching times and compensation rate of equipment, these six features are used as cluster centers, and any two are used to calculate the distance between them;
b、选取具有最大相关程度即距离最近的两个聚类中心，将这两个聚类中心归并；c、检测聚类中心的个数，若聚类中心的个数大于预设的数据类别数，重复步骤b和步骤c，直至聚类中心的个数等于预设的数据类别数，得到数据分类所需的类别。根据历史数据的六个特征中其中我们可能计算得到相位、不平衡变化率两个特征相关性最高，即为距离最近的两个聚类中心，可首先将他们归并，随后找出最近的两个点分为一类，取最近的这两个点的中心点，作为一个新点代替这两个点，并作为一个聚类中心。重复步骤b和步骤c，直到获得合适的分类数；b. Select the two cluster centers with the greatest degree of correlation, that is, the closest distance, and merge the two cluster centers; c. Detect the number of cluster centers, if the number of cluster centers is greater than the preset number of data categories , and repeat steps b and c until the number of cluster centers is equal to the preset number of data categories, and the categories required for data classification are obtained. According to the six features of historical data, we may calculate that the two features of phase and unbalanced rate of change have the highest correlation, that is, the two nearest cluster centers, which can be merged first, and then find the two nearest The points are divided into one category, and the center point of the two nearest points is taken as a new point to replace these two points and used as a cluster center. Repeat steps b and c until a suitable number of classifications is obtained;
我们可以预先定义所述不同分类包括：配电网负荷为正常，配电网负荷为待观察，或者配电网负荷为告警，整个过程如图6所示。We can predefine the different classifications including: the distribution network load is normal, the distribution network load is to be observed, or the distribution network load is an alarm, and the whole process is shown in Figure 6.
步骤4：基于所述运行状态数据和所述不同分类，对低压配电网的负荷进行预测。该步骤中根据低压配电网的运行状态数据，将其中的数据按照历史数据的聚类方式进行聚类，得到的聚类结果；即可实现当前的低压配电负荷的聚类匹配结果，例如属于正常，待观察，还是告警中的一种，即完成了预测。Step 4: Predict the load of the low-voltage distribution network based on the operating state data and the different classifications. In this step, according to the operating state data of the low-voltage distribution network, the data is clustered according to the clustering method of historical data, and the clustering result is obtained; the clustering matching result of the current low-voltage distribution load can be realized, for example It is normal, to be observed, or one of the alarms, that is, the prediction is completed.
本发明还提出了一种配电网不平衡负荷的智能调节和预测的装置，包括：状态数据接收模块，用于接收低压配电网中动态补偿设备，智能换相设备以及智能仪表的运行状态数据；所述运行状态数据是通过网络层协议发送的；The invention also proposes a device for intelligent adjustment and prediction of unbalanced loads in a distribution network, comprising: a state data receiving module for receiving the operating states of dynamic compensation equipment, intelligent commutation equipment and intelligent instruments in the low-voltage distribution network data; the operating status data is sent through a network layer protocol;
计算模块，用于计算低压配电网中三相用电的不平衡度；The calculation module is used to calculate the unbalance of three-phase power consumption in the low-voltage distribution network;
负荷调整和聚类预测模块：用于根据所述不平衡度调整三相负荷，改善三相输出的电能质量；或者提取所述低压配电网的运行状态的历史数据，对所述运行状态数据进行聚类分析，形成不同分类；并可基于所述运行状态数据和所述不同分类，对低压配电网的负荷进行预测。Load adjustment and clustering prediction module: used to adjust the three-phase load according to the unbalance degree to improve the power quality of the three-phase output; Cluster analysis is performed to form different classifications; and based on the operating state data and the different classifications, the load of the low-voltage distribution network can be predicted.
本装置与方法实施例一一对应，因此，其所能达到的有益效果可参考上文所提供的对应的方法中的有益效果，此处不再赘述。The device corresponds to the method embodiments one by one, therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the device can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods provided above, which will not be repeated here.
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example for illustration. In practical applications, the above functions can be allocated as required. It is completed by different functional modules, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above.
在本发明实施例所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided by the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be Incorporation may either be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. On the other hand, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it may be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are essentially or contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions may be embodied in the form of software products, and the software products are stored in a storage medium Among them, several instructions are included to cause a device (which may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk and other mediums that can store program codes.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本发明揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. . Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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