CN114497957A - Ultra-wideband mixing ring - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband mixing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114497957A CN114497957A CN202210340288.1A CN202210340288A CN114497957A CN 114497957 A CN114497957 A CN 114497957A CN 202210340288 A CN202210340288 A CN 202210340288A CN 114497957 A CN114497957 A CN 114497957A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband mixing ring. The mixing ring includes: the conductive strip line of the top layer and the conductive strip line of the bottom layer are arranged opposite to each other; the top layer conductive strip line and the bottom layer conductive strip line both comprise annular transmission lines, phase inverters, multistage stepped impedance branches and ports, the phase inverters are connected on the annular transmission lines in series, the multistage stepped impedance branches are connected to the annular transmission lines, and the ports are connected to the multistage stepped impedance branches. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention adopts a double-sided parallel strip line structure and is provided with the multistage stepped impedance branch nodes, thereby further reducing the overall dimension of the hybrid ring and widening the working bandwidth frequency band of the hybrid ring.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to an ultra-wideband hybrid ring.
Background
The hybrid ring is a four-port circuit for radio frequency microwaves, is used for forming a microwave sum-difference network, is a key component of a single-pulse radar antenna feed system, and is used for forming sum-difference beams in the design of a single-pulse antenna array so as to realize the tracking of a target.
The annular mixing ring in the prior art has the disadvantages of large size and narrow applicable bandwidth range. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped mixing ring provided in the prior art, and the mixing ring between the port P2 and the port P3 has a length of 3 λ as shown in FIG. 10/4, the mixing ring length between ports P2 and P1, ports P1 and P4, and ports P4 and P3 are all λ0/4, overall mixing Ring Length 3 λ0And 2, the size is larger, and the working bandwidth is less than 25 percent. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another annular mixing ring provided by the prior artIn the figure, as shown in FIG. 2, an inverter is introduced into the hybrid ring, and a 180-degree inverting unit is adopted to replace the length between the port P2 and the port P3 in FIG. 1, which is 3 lambda0A/4 ring transmission line, wherein the lengths of the ring transmission lines between two adjacent ports of the port Q1, the port Q2, the port Q3 and the port Q4 are all lambda0/4, the overall length of the mixing ring is reduced to λ0. Although the bandwidth of the hybrid ring of the structure is expanded, the bandwidth requirement of 6-18GHz cannot be realized. If the multilayer plate hole coupling technology is adopted, although the bandwidth requirement can be met, the mixed ring has the advantages of large overall dimension, complex process, low yield, high cost, inconvenient debugging and inconvenient integration with other microstrip circuits.
Based on this, reducing the size of the hybrid ring and expanding the bandwidth become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-wideband hybrid ring, which is used for reducing the size of the hybrid ring and expanding the bandwidth range.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultra-wideband mixing ring, comprising: the conductive strip line of the top layer and the conductive strip line of the bottom layer are arranged opposite to each other;
the top layer conductive strip line and the bottom layer conductive strip line both comprise annular transmission lines, phase inverters, multistage stepped impedance branches and ports, the phase inverters are connected on the annular transmission lines in series, the multistage stepped impedance branches are connected to the annular transmission lines, and the ports are connected to the multistage stepped impedance branches.
Optionally, the top conductive strip line or the bottom conductive strip line includes four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branches, the multi-stage stepped impedance branches are branches connected to the annular transmission line, and the multi-stage stepped impedance branches have the same structure and are in a centrosymmetric structure.
Optionally, the connection point of the four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branches and the annular transmission line equally divides the annular transmission line into four segments, and the electrical length of each segment of the annular transmission line is 90 °.
Optionally, the multi-stage stepped impedance stub includes at least three sections of strip lines, and the three sections of strip lines are sequentially connected between the ring-shaped transmission line and the port in a folded manner.
Optionally, the multi-stage stepped impedance stub includes a first strip line, a second strip line, and a third strip line;
the first end of the first strip line is connected to the annular transmission line, the connection point is located at a first intersection point, the first end of the second strip line is connected to the second end of the first strip line, the port is connected with the second end of the second strip line, the connection point is located at a second intersection point, and the first end of the third strip line is connected to the second intersection point.
Optionally, the first strip line is arranged along a tangential direction of the annular transmission line at the first intersection point, the second strip line is arranged along a direction parallel to the first strip line, and the third strip line and the second strip line are arranged in the same straight line direction.
Optionally, the ports include a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, the first port is a sum input port, the fourth port is a difference input port, and the second port and the third port are output ports;
the first port and the fourth port are arranged oppositely, and the second port and the third port are arranged oppositely.
Optionally, impedances corresponding to each stage of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch and the port are not equal, and the multi-stage stepped impedance is provided.
Optionally, line widths corresponding to each stage and the port of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch are not equal.
Optionally, the hybrid ring further includes a first metal hole disposed on the inverter and a second metal hole disposed at a terminal of a third strip line of each of the multi-stage stepped impedance stubs;
the phase inverter on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is connected with the phase inverter on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate through the first metal hole, and the multistage stepped impedance branch is connected with the grounding end on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate through the second metal hole.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is based on double-sided parallel strip lines, and by adopting a single-layer dielectric substrate, conductive strip lines which are parallel to each other and have completely the same structure and shape are respectively etched on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. On the conductive band line of every surface etching, all set up the inverter in series on the annular transmission line, multistage ladder impedance minor matters are connected on the annular transmission line to extend to the centrifugal direction and arrange, and the impedance minor matters of each level in multistage ladder impedance minor matters set up with certain mode of arranging, and the port is connected in the end of multistage ladder impedance minor matters. The mixing ring with the structure adopts multi-stage stepped impedance branches, and compared with the prior art, the wide-band range can be further expanded; and the volume of the mixing ring can be reduced by adopting the single-layer dielectric substrate, the mixing ring is convenient to integrate with other integrated circuits, the process is simple, and the cost is low.
It should be understood that the statements in this section do not necessarily identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor do they necessarily limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an annular mixing ring according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of yet another annular mixing ring provided in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an ultra-wideband mixing ring provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural layout of a top view of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a simulation of transmission characteristics of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring when input thereto according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a simulation of transmission characteristics of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring when a difference is input according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a test chart of a sum-difference phase simulation curve of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating isolation simulation curves for an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a simulation curve of a standing wave at each port of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a circuit topology diagram of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband hybrid ring. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a structural layout of a top view of the ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the ultra-wideband mixing ring includes: the conductive structure comprises a dielectric substrate 10, a top layer conductive strip line 20 arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 and a bottom layer conductive strip line 30 arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10, wherein the top layer conductive strip line 20 and the bottom layer conductive strip line 30 are arranged oppositely;
the top conductive strip line 20 and the bottom conductive strip line 30 each include a ring transmission line 41, an inverter 42, a multi-stage stepped impedance stub 43, and a port 44, the inverter 42 is connected in series on the ring transmission line 41, the multi-stage stepped impedance stub 43 is connected to the ring transmission line 41, and the port 44 is connected to the multi-stage stepped impedance stub 43.
Specifically, the ultra-wideband hybrid ring is formed based on double-sided parallel strip lines (DSPSL), that is, a single-layer dielectric substrate 10 is used, and microstrip lines parallel to each other are respectively etched on the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface of the dielectric substrate 10. The single-layer dielectric substrate 10 can be a Ro5880 high-frequency microwave circuit board, the thickness h1 of the dielectric substrate 10 is 0.254mm, the height h2 of an upper-layer air cavity formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 and the height h3 of a lower-layer air cavity formed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10 are both 5mm, the process parameter requirements of a mixing ring are met, and the overall dimension of the formed mixing ring can be reduced to 14mm x 14 mm. The single-layer dielectric substrate 10 can reduce the overall dimension of the hybrid ring, the process is relatively simple, the hybrid ring is convenient to integrate with other microstrip line circuits, and the application range is expanded.
The top layer conductive strip line 20 is etched on the upper metal surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the bottom layer conductive strip line 30 is etched on the lower metal surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the top layer conductive strip line 20 and the bottom layer conductive strip line 30 are arranged oppositely, and the structures and the shapes of the conductive strip lines on the upper surface and the lower surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 10 are completely the same. The hybrid ring arranged on the single-layer dielectric substrate 10 adopts a double-sided parallel strip line structure, can expand the bandwidth frequency band and has a small size.
As shown in fig. 4, the top conductive strip line 20 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 and the bottom conductive strip line 30 on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10 each include a ring transmission line 41, an inverter 42, a multi-stage stepped impedance stub 43, and a port 44. In the embodiments of the present invention, the structure of the ultra-wideband hybrid ring is explained by taking the strip line structure on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 as an example. The length of the ring-shaped transmission line 41 is lambdag, and the inverter 42 is connected in series to the ring-shaped transmission line 41 and is used for inverting signals of the upper surface metal layer and the lower surface metal layer of the dielectric substrate 10 to realize 180 ° phase shift, thereby reducing the size of the hybrid ring. The impedance of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch section 43 is distributed in a multi-stage stepped manner, and compared with a single-stage impedance branch section in the prior art, the wide bandwidth frequency band can be further widened by adopting the multi-stage stepped impedance branch section 43. The multistage stepped impedance branch sections 43 are connected to the annular transmission line 41 and divergently arranged in the centrifugal direction from the connection point, and the multistage stepped impedance branch sections 43 are arranged in a certain manner, so that the effect of reducing the volume of the mixing ring can be achieved. A port 44 is provided at the end of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 for inputting or outputting a signal.
The technical scheme of the embodiment is based on double-sided parallel strip lines, and by adopting a single-layer dielectric substrate, conductive strip lines which are parallel to each other and have completely the same structure and shape are respectively etched on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. On the conductive band line of every surface etching, all set up the inverter in series on the annular transmission line, multistage ladder impedance minor matters are connected on the annular transmission line to extend to the centrifugal direction and arrange, and the impedance minor matters of each level in multistage ladder impedance minor matters set up with certain mode of arranging, and the port is connected in the end of multistage ladder impedance minor matters. The mixing ring with the structure adopts multi-stage stepped impedance branches, and compared with the prior art, the wide-band range can be further expanded; and the volume of the mixing ring can be reduced by adopting the single-layer dielectric substrate, the mixing ring is convenient to integrate with other integrated circuits, the process is simple, and the cost is low.
Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the top conductive strip line or the bottom conductive strip line includes four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branch sections 43, the multi-stage stepped impedance branch sections 43 are branches connected to the ring-shaped transmission line 41, and the structures of the sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branch sections 43 are the same and are in a central symmetric structure.
Specifically, the top and bottom conductive strip lines of the hybrid loop are identical in structure and each includes four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance stubs 43 that serve as impedance stubs for the input or output transmission lines of the hybrid loop. The structure of the multi-stage Stepped Impedance Stub 43 may also be referred to as a Stepped-Impedance Stub-Loaded Resonator (SISLR), which combines a Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) and a multi-mode Resonator including a Stub-Loaded Resonator (SLR). The branch section of the SLR adopts a stepped impedance transmission line, and the trunk section also adopts stepped impedance. The four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branches 43 are connected to the annular transmission line 41 as four branches of the annular transmission line 41, and the four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branches 43 have the same structure and shape, are distributed in a centrosymmetric manner, and are connected to the annular transmission line 41. The adoption of the multistage stepped impedance branch section 43 is beneficial to expanding the broadband wide range, so that the relative bandwidth can reach or even exceed 110 percent, and the requirement that the hybrid ring works in the broadband frequency range of 6-18GHz can be met.
Alternatively, based on the above embodiment, with continuing reference to fig. 4, the connection points of the four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branch nodes 43 and the annular transmission line 41 equally divide the annular transmission line 41 into four segments, and the electrical length of each segment of the annular transmission line 41 is 90 °.
Specifically, four connection points exist between the four sets of multi-stage stepped impedance branches 43 and the annular transmission line 41, and the four connection points equally divide the annular transmission line 41 into four segments, that is, the transmission line length between two adjacent connection points is λ g/4, and the electrical length is 90 °.
Alternatively, based on the above embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 4, the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 includes at least three strip lines, and the three strip lines are connected between the ring transmission line 41 and the port 44 in a folded manner.
Specifically, the multi-stage stepped impedance stub 43 may include at least three strip lines, i.e., at least three stages of stepped impedances, which may further widen the bandwidth based on the prior art. The three-segment strip lines included in the multi-stage stepped impedance branch section 43 change the traditional form of straight line arrangement from the connection point with the annular transmission line 41 to the centrifugal direction, and change the form of folding the three-segment strip lines in a certain way to connect the three-segment strip lines between the annular transmission line 41 and the port 44, thereby greatly reducing the overall dimension of the hybrid ring and facilitating the integration with other integrated circuits.
Optionally, based on the above embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 4, the multi-step stepped impedance branch 43 includes a first strip 431, a second strip 432, and a third strip 433;
the first end of the first strip line 431 is connected to the loop transmission line 41 at a connection point located at the first intersection point M1, the first end of the second strip line 432 is connected to the second end of the first strip line 431, the port 44 is connected to the second end of the second strip line 432, the connection point is located at the second intersection point M2, and the first end of the third strip line 433 is connected to the second intersection point M2.
Specifically, the multi-stage stepped impedance stub 43 includes three stages of stepped impedances, namely a first strip 431, a second strip 432, and a third strip 433. The first strip line 431, the second strip line 432, and the third strip line 433 may be microstrip lines for transmitting signals. The first strip line 431 is a first-stage ladder impedance, and a first end of the first strip line 431 is connected to the first intersection point M1 of the ring-shaped transmission line 41; the second strip line 432 is a second-stage step impedance, and a first end of the second strip line 432 is connected with a second end of the first strip line 431; port 44 is connected to a second end of second strip 432, the connection point being located at a second intersection point M2; the first end of the third strip line 433 is connected to the second intersection point M2. And the first strip line 431, the second strip line 432 and the third strip line 433 are not arranged along a straight line to the centrifugal direction of the annular transmission line 41, but arranged in a certain folding form, so that the external dimension of the mixing ring can be effectively reduced, and the miniaturization is facilitated.
Alternatively, on the basis of the above embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 4, the first strip line 431 is arranged along the tangential direction of the ring-shaped transmission line 41 at the first intersection point M1, the second strip line 432 is arranged along the direction parallel to the first strip line 431, and the third strip line 433 is arranged in the same straight direction as the second strip line 432.
Specifically, since the four sets of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch sections 43 connected to the ring-shaped transmission line 41 have the same structure and shape, in this embodiment, the arrangement of each strip line is described by using any one set of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch sections 43, and the arrangement of the remaining sets of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch sections 43 is not described in detail. The first strip line 431 is connected to the first intersection point M1 and arranged to extend along a tangential direction of the ring transmission line 41 at the first intersection point M1; the second strip line 432 is connected to the first strip line 431 and arranged to extend in a straight direction parallel to the first strip line 431; the port 44 is connected to the second strip line 432, the connection point is located at the second intersection point M2, the port 44 is arranged along the direction of the straight line where the radius of the ring-shaped transmission line 41 is located, and the arrangement direction of the first strip line 431 and the second strip line 432 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the port 44; the third strip line 433 is connected to the second intersection point M2, and the arrangement direction is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the ports 44 and is on the same straight line with the arrangement direction of the second strip line 432. Each section of strip line in the multistage stepped impedance branch section 43 is folded and arranged according to the above mode, so that not only can the broadband and wide frequency band be broadened, but also the volume of the mixing ring can be reduced.
Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment, with continuing reference to fig. 4, the ports 44 include a first port 441, a second port 442, a third port 443, and a fourth port 444, the first port 441 being a sum input port, the fourth port 444 being a difference input port, and the second port 442 and the third port 443 being output ports;
the first port 441 is disposed opposite to the fourth port 444, and the second port 442 is disposed opposite to the third port 443.
Specifically, the sum and difference mixing ring includes four ports. In this embodiment, the first port 441 is a sum input port, the fourth port 444 is a difference input port, and a signal can be input into the mixing ring through either the sum input port or the difference input port. The second port 442 and the third port 443 are two output ports, and after a signal is input from the input port, the signal can be simultaneously output from the second port 442 and the third port 443. When a signal is input from the first port 441, i.e., from the sum input port, the fourth port 444 is an isolated port, and the signal can be equally divided into a same-phase output from the second port 442 and a same-phase output from the third port 443; when a signal is input from the fourth port 444, that is, from the difference input port, the first port 441 is an isolated port, and the signal can be output in equal division and opposite phase from the second port 442 and the third port 443, so that a microwave sum-difference network is formed, and tracking of a target is achieved.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing a simulation of transmission characteristics of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention when the ultra-wideband hybrid ring is input, and fig. 6 is a graph showing a simulation of transmission characteristics of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention when the ultra-wideband hybrid ring is input with a difference. As shown in fig. 5, a solid curve 51 represents a transfer characteristic curve inputted from the second port 442 and outputted from the first port 441, a dashed curve 52 represents a transfer characteristic curve inputted from the third port 443 and outputted from the first port 441, and the first port 441 is used as a sum input port. It should be noted that, for the hybrid ring, the signal is input from the second port 442 and output from the first port 441, which is equivalent to the signal input from the first port 441 and output from the second port 442, and the test curve shows the same result. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the operating bandwidth of the hybrid ring is within the band of 6-18GHz, the curve within the band is flat, and the fluctuation of the amplitude is less than + -0.3 dB. And the signal loss increment of the hybrid loop at the input and the sum is less than 0.5dB on the basis of the inherent signal loss of 3 dB. Thus, the hybrid ring has good transmission characteristics at the time of input. As shown in fig. 6, a solid curve 61 represents the transmission characteristic curve input from the second port 442 and output from the fourth port 444, a dashed curve 62 represents the transmission characteristic curve input from the third port 443 and output from the fourth port 444, and the fourth port 444 serves as a difference input port. As can also be seen from FIG. 6, the hybrid ring can operate in a bandwidth band of 6-18GHz with a flat curve and amplitude fluctuations of less than + -0.3 dB. And the increment of the signal loss of the hybrid loop at the time of the difference input is less than 0.5dB on the basis of the inherent signal loss of 3 dB. In addition, the phase can be turned over by 180 degrees due to the inverter 42, so that the symmetry of the transmission characteristic curve is better when the sum input and the difference input are input.
Fig. 7 is a test chart of a sum-difference phase simulation curve of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, a solid line curve 71 shows a phase difference curve of two port output signals when the hybrid ring is input with a difference, and a dashed line curve 72 shows a phase difference curve of two port output signals when the hybrid ring is input with a difference. As can be seen from fig. 7, in the operating frequency band of 6-18GHz, the phase difference between the signals output from the two output ports at the input and the mixing ring is in the range of 0.47 ° -4.68 °, and the phase fluctuation is less than 4.2 °, which indicates that the two output ports, i.e., the second port 442 and the third port 443, are output in phase, and the consistency of signal transmission is good. When the difference of the signals output by the two output ports is input in the difference of the mixing ring, the phase difference of the signals output by the two output ports is in the range of 180.2-184.5 degrees, and the phase fluctuation is less than 4.3 degrees, which indicates that the two output ports of the second port 442 and the third port 443 are output in opposite phases, and when the bandwidth of the mixing ring is expanded to 110%, the phase fluctuation can still be less than 4.2 degrees, and the phase consistency is good.
Fig. 8 is a test chart of an isolation simulation curve of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the solid curve 81 represents the isolation between the first port 441 and the fourth port 444 of the hybrid ring, i.e. the sum input port and the difference input port, and the dashed curve 82 represents the isolation between the second port 442 and the third port 443 of the hybrid ring, i.e. the two output ports. For signal transmission, the greater the isolation between the two ports, indicating less signal leakage. As can be seen from fig. 8, the hybrid ring has an operating bandwidth of 6-18GHz, and the isolation between the input port and the differential input port exceeds 25dB, and the isolation between the two output ports exceeds 23dB, and compared with other types of wideband hybrid rings, the isolation of the ultra-wideband hybrid ring provided by the embodiment of the present invention has reached a higher level. Fig. 9 is a test chart of a port standing wave simulation curve of each port of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, a dashed-line curve 91 represents a port standing wave curve of the first port 441, a two-dot dashed-line curve 92 represents a port standing wave curve of the second port 442, a dot-dashed-line curve 93 represents a port standing wave curve of the third port 443, and a solid-line curve 94 represents a port standing wave curve of the fourth port 444. The port standing wave parameter can reflect the reflection condition of the port to the signal, and the closer the port standing wave is to 1, the smaller the signal reflection is, and the better the signal transmission performance of the mixing ring is. As can be seen from fig. 9, the standing wave at each port of the hybrid ring is at most 1.5, and the signal transmission performance is good for the ultra-wideband hybrid ring operating in the bandwidth band of 6-18 GHz.
Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment, impedances corresponding to each stage and the port of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch section 43 are different, and there are multi-stage stepped impedances.
Specifically, the impedances corresponding to the loop transmission line 41, the strip lines of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43, and the port 44 are all different, so that the bandwidth can be further widened, and the working bandwidth of the hybrid loop can reach 110%. Fig. 10 is a circuit topology diagram of an ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 10, the impedance of the ring transmission line 41 can be equivalently denoted as Z1, the equivalent impedance of the first strip line 431 in the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 can be denoted as Z2, the equivalent impedance of the second strip line 432 can be denoted as Z3, the equivalent impedance of the third strip line 433 can be denoted as Z4, and the equivalent impedance of the port 44 can be denoted as Z5. The electrical lengths of the annular transmission line 41, the first strip 431, the second strip 432 and the third strip 433 are all 90 °. In order to satisfy the requirement that the characteristic impedances of the first port 441, the second port 442, the third port 443, and the fourth port 444 are all 50 ohms, the stepped impedance values of the stages of the hybrid ring can be adjusted according to different operating bandwidth ranges. Illustratively, when the stepped impedance parameters of each stage are respectively set to Z1=68 Ω, Z2=53 Ω, Z3=49 Ω, Z4=145 Ω and Z5=50 Ω, the signal transmission performance indexes of the hybrid loop can reach better levels.
Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment, the line widths of each stage of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 and the port 44 are not equal.
Specifically, the line width of the hybrid loop transmission line corresponds to the impedance value without considering the variation of other factors, that is, the strip lines with different line widths have different impedance values. For the mixed ring with multi-stage stepped impedance, the line widths of the strip lines corresponding to the stepped impedance of each stage are different, and the line width of each transmission strip line can be adjusted to obtain better transmission performance. Illustratively, for a hybrid ring with an operating bandwidth within a frequency band of 6-18GHz, the line width W1 of the ring-shaped transmission line 41 may be set to be 0.49mm, the line width W2 of the first strip line 431 may be 0.7mm, the line width W3 of the second strip line 432 may be 0.745mm, the line width W4 of the third strip line 433 may be 0.2mm, the line width W5 of the port 44 may be 1mm, and the transmission performance of the hybrid ring may reach a better level, so as to achieve the optimal overall performance of the hybrid ring.
Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, the ultra-wideband mixing ring further includes: a first metal hole 451 provided in the inverter 42 and a second metal hole 452 provided at an end of the third strip line 433 of each multi-step impedance branch 43;
the inverter 42 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 is connected to the inverter 42 on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10 through the first metal hole 451, and the multi-step impedance branch 43 is connected to the ground on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10 through the second metal hole 452.
Specifically, 2 first metal holes 451 are formed in the inverter 42 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the first metal holes 451 connect the inverter 42 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 and the inverter 42 on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10, so that a signal of the metal layer on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 and a signal of the metal layer on the lower surface are inverted, thereby realizing 180 ° phase shift. The second metal hole 452 provided at the end of the third strip line 433 of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 connects the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 with the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43 corresponding to the lower surface, and is connected in parallel with the ground terminal to short-circuit the end of the multi-stage stepped impedance branch 43, and the diameter of the second metal hole 452 may be 0.2 mm. The upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10 are connected through the first metal hole 451 and the second metal hole 452, so that a double-sided parallel strip line structure is realized, the volume of the hybrid ring is reduced, and the working bandwidth frequency band is expanded.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-wideband mixing ring, comprising: the conductive strip line structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a top layer conductive strip line arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a bottom layer conductive strip line arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the top layer conductive strip line and the bottom layer conductive strip line are arranged oppositely;
the top layer conductive strip line with the bottom layer conductive strip line all includes annular transmission line, phase inverter, multistage ladder impedance branch festival and port, it has to establish ties on the annular transmission line the phase inverter, multistage ladder impedance branch festival connect in annular transmission line, the port connect in multistage ladder impedance branch festival.
2. The ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to claim 1, wherein said top conductive strip line or said bottom conductive strip line comprises four sets of said multi-stage stepped impedance stubs, said multi-stage stepped impedance stubs being branches connected to said ring-shaped transmission line, and each set of said multi-stage stepped impedance stubs having the same structure and a centrosymmetric structure.
3. The ultra-wideband hybrid ring of claim 2, wherein the connections of four sets of said multi-stage stepped-impedance stubs to said annular transmission line equally divide said annular transmission line into four segments, each of said segments having an electrical length of 90 °.
4. The ultra-wideband hybrid ring of claim 2, wherein said multi-stage stepped impedance stub comprises at least three sections of strip lines connected in a folded configuration between said ring-shaped transmission line and said port.
5. The ultra-wideband mixing ring of claim 4, wherein the multi-stage stepped-impedance stub comprises a first strip line, a second strip line, and a third strip line;
the first end of the first strip line is connected to the annular transmission line, the connection point is located at a first intersection point, the first end of the second strip line is connected to the second end of the first strip line, the port is connected with the second end of the second strip line, the connection point is located at a second intersection point, and the first end of the third strip line is connected to the second intersection point.
6. The ultra-wideband hybrid ring according to claim 5, wherein said first strip line is arranged along a tangent of said annular transmission line at said first intersection, said second strip line is arranged along a direction parallel to said first strip line, and said third strip line is arranged in a collinear direction with said second strip line.
7. The ultra-wideband mixing ring of claim 1, wherein the ports comprise a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, the first port being a sum input port, the fourth port being a difference input port, the second port and the third port being output ports;
the first port and the fourth port are arranged oppositely, and the second port and the third port are arranged oppositely.
8. The ultra-wideband mixing ring of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of stages of stepped impedance stubs and the corresponding impedance of the port are unequal, having a plurality of stages of stepped impedance.
9. The ultra-wideband hybrid ring of claim 8, wherein each of said plurality of stages of stepped impedance stub and said port have unequal line widths.
10. The ultra-wideband hybrid ring of claim 5, further comprising a first metal hole disposed on said inverter and a second metal hole disposed at said third stripline end of each of said multi-stage stepped impedance stubs;
the phase inverter on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is connected with the phase inverter on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate through the first metal hole, and the multistage stepped impedance branch node is connected with the grounding end on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate through the second metal hole.
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| CN202210340288.1A CN114497957B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Ultra-wideband mixing ring |
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| CN114497957B (en) | 2022-07-19 |
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