CN114495625A - Virtual simulation teaching system for mapping and mapping WeChat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter, comprising: the system platform is not influenced by factors such as weather, environment, geographical position and the like, can facilitate teacher practical teaching and student professional core skill training, realizes intellectualization and informatization of teaching, and has the characteristics of multi-perception, immersion, interactivity, conception and the like. At present, the platform carries out a plurality of virtual simulation training systems such as digital mapping, satellite positioning measurement, leveling measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, intelligent android total station and the like, and can be used on a teacher line and a student line.

Description

Virtual simulation teaching system for mapping and mapping WeChat

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping geographic information, in particular to a virtual simulation teaching system for surveying and mapping letter.

Background

Geographic information is information used for describing the spatial position and distribution of various targets in the real world, and is one of the most important and basic information resources of human beings.

In the prior art, when surveying and mapping on the spot the distance and angle at any two positions in the geographic position, some measuring tools such as a total station are usually adopted to be placed at two predetermined positions and then measured, and then the measured data is calculated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a virtual simulation teaching system for mapping and mapping WeChat, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a mapping and land letter virtual simulation teaching system comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of firstly, collecting a panoramic image of a target surveying and mapping geographic position and converting the panoramic image into image data;

step two, extracting target mapping geographic information data, and extracting gray scale features, texture features and spatial relation features of the mapping geographic data;

thirdly, subtracting the average value of the recorded values from each recorded value by adopting a standard deviation method according to the representation of the gray scale feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature, and dividing the average value by the standard deviation of the recorded values to obtain processed data;

step four, establishing a three-dimensional surveying and mapping platform on a computer, and determining the size conversion relation between the three-dimensional surveying and mapping platform and a surveying and mapping position according to the processed data so as to construct a model based on surveying and mapping geographic information according to a certain proportion;

importing the image data into a three-dimensional mapping platform, and storing each frame of data in the image and data in a model for mapping geographic information corresponding to the frame into the three-dimensional mapping platform;

step six, storing the established model data and image data of the mapping geographic information to obtain original data supporting the three-dimensional mapping platform, and reading the original data into the three-dimensional mapping platform through a program;

and step seven, when the distance between specific positions needing to be measured in the created three-dimensional mapping platform is long, the specific coordinates of the positions can be picked up in the three-dimensional mapping platform to calculate the distance of the positions in a virtual state, and finally the specific distance is determined through the size conversion relation between the three-dimensional space and the target mapping position.

Preferably, in the step one, the panoramic image of the surveying and mapping position is captured by a camera with a plurality of lenses carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle moves from low to high in the capturing process.

Preferably, in the step one, the plurality of lenses of the camera include a main lens and a plurality of sub lenses, the main lens is vertically arranged downwards, the plurality of sub lenses are circumferentially and uniformly distributed with the main lens as a circle center, and the plurality of sub lenses are inclined towards the main lens.

Preferably, in the second step, before the step of extracting the target mapping geographic information data, the method further includes: and judging whether the image data has missing data, repeated data or abnormal data, if so, processing the missing data, the repeated data or the abnormal data.

Preferably, the specific processing method of the missing data, the repeated data or the abnormal data is as follows:

step one, judging whether the space type data has missing data, if so, executing step two; if not, executing the third step;

filling missing data in the spatial data by adopting a linear regression method, and executing a third step;

step three, carrying out comparative analysis on the data of the same category, judging whether repeated records exist in a preset error range, and if so, executing step four; if not, executing the step five;

step four, deleting the repeated records and executing step five;

and step five, detecting the abnormal data, and deleting the abnormal points when the abnormal points exist.

Preferably, in the second step, before the step of extracting the grayscale feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature of the mapping geographic data, the method further includes: preprocessing the mapping geographic data, specifically: filtering and dehumidifying, histogram equalization, geometric correction of a map scanning image, and establishment of a mapping relation between an electronic map image geographic coordinate and a remote sensing image pixel coordinate;

the method comprises the steps that firstly, a panoramic image of a target surveying and mapping geographic position is collected and converted into image data, and then data capable of simulating field operation is formed on line;

step two, when the teaching is expanded, summarizing and editing the formed virtual data to form a dynamic image;

step three, when virtual teaching is developed, data editing can be carried out on the formed dynamic image;

and step four, adding virtual simulation operation of a plurality of surveying and mapping instruments such as digital mapping, satellite positioning measurement, leveling measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, intelligent android total station and the like into the observed data.

Preferably, in the second step, the method for extracting the gray scale features of the mapping geographic data comprises calculating a gray scale mean value and a gray scale variance; the method for extracting the texture features of the mapped geographic data is a gray level difference statistical method; the method for extracting the spatial relationship characteristics of the mapping geographic data comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly dividing an image into a plurality of rule sub-blocks; (2) then, features are extracted for each image sub-block, and an index is established.

Preferably, the formula for calculating the grayscale difference statistic is g Δ (x, y) -g (x + Δ x, y + Δ y), where g (x, y) is a pixel value at a position (x, y) in an image, Δ x and Δ y are offsets in x and y directions, respectively, and g Δ (x, y) represents a grayscale difference between (x, y) and its slight offset point (x + Δ x, y + Δ y).

Preferably, in the fourth step, the main control terminal: the system is used for data processing and controlling the motion of a plurality of intelligent surveying and mapping instruments such as digital mapping, satellite positioning measurement, leveling measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and intelligent android total station;

a position information determination unit: the main control terminal is coupled to the main control terminal and used for determining the geographic position needing accurate measurement;

a drive unit: the unmanned aerial vehicle is driven to move towards the geographic position after being coupled with the main control terminal and obtaining the specific geographic position through the position information determining unit;

a fine image conversion unit: the driving unit is coupled with the main control terminal and drives the unmanned aerial vehicle to move to a geographical position needing accurate measurement, and then the secondary shot image of the camera is refined;

a mapping display unit: a surveying and mapping position map is arranged in the intelligent surveying and mapping system, and is coupled to the main control terminal, the position of the current unmanned aerial vehicle or other intelligent surveying and mapping instruments is taken as a starting point, and the geographical position needing to be accurately measured is taken as a terminal point to be displayed on the surveying and mapping position map;

unmanned aerial vehicle orbit unit: and the main control terminal is coupled and used for planning a plurality of flight routes between the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the geographic position needing accurate measurement and displaying the flight routes in the flight display unit.

And (3) aiming at the measured data, forming simulation data, and carrying out imaging analysis and modification on numerical values of the data by online software.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

by rapidly extracting and mapping geographic information data from image data and processing gray feature, texture feature and spatial relationship feature of massive geographic information data, the conversion from the image data to space, geographic feature and composition relationship thereof is realized, and a geographic information model is constructed, so that a user can obtain a high-precision result when using the geographic information model, the whole measurement process can be directly carried out in a computer without carrying out field measurement, the measurement efficiency is favorably improved, the distance precision of any position accurately calculated by the computer is higher, the query and analysis efficiency is improved, and the method can be popularized and used.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a mapping letter virtual simulation teaching system according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1, a virtual simulation teaching system for mapping and mapping WeChat includes the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of firstly, collecting a panoramic image of a target surveying and mapping geographic position and converting the panoramic image into image data; the panoramic image acquisition of the surveying and mapping position is carried out by an unmanned aerial vehicle and a camera with a plurality of lenses is adopted for shooting, and in the shooting process, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves from low to high; the plurality of lenses of the camera comprise a main lens and a plurality of sub lenses, the main lens is vertically arranged downwards, the plurality of sub lenses are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction by taking the main lens as the center of a circle, and the plurality of sub lenses are inclined towards the main lens;

extracting target surveying and mapping geographic information data, and extracting gray scale features, texture features and spatial relation features of the surveying and mapping geographic data to form virtual operability data;

before the step of extracting the target mapping geographic information data, the method further comprises the following steps: judging whether the image data has missing data, repeated data or abnormal data, if so, processing the missing data, the repeated data or the abnormal data;

the specific processing method of the missing data, the repeated data or the abnormal data comprises the following steps:

step one, judging whether the space type data has missing data, if so, executing step two; if not, executing the third step;

filling missing data in the spatial data by adopting a linear regression method, and executing a third step;

step three, carrying out comparative analysis on the data of the same category, judging whether repeated records exist in a preset error range, and if so, executing step four; if not, executing the step five;

deleting repeated records, and executing the step five;

and step five, detecting abnormal data, and deleting abnormal points when the abnormal points exist.

Before the step of extracting the gray scale feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature of the mapping geographic data, the method further comprises the following steps: preprocessing the mapping geographic data, specifically: filtering and dehumidifying, histogram equalization, geometric correction of a map scanning image, and establishment of a mapping relation between an electronic map image geographic coordinate and a remote sensing image pixel coordinate;

the method for extracting the gray scale features of the mapping geographic data comprises the steps of calculating a gray scale average value and a variance; the method for extracting the texture features of the mapped geographic data is a gray level difference statistical method; the method for extracting the spatial relationship characteristics of the mapping geographic data comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly dividing an image into a plurality of rule sub-blocks; (2) then extracting features of each image sub-block and establishing an index; the calculation formula of the grayscale difference statistical method is that g Δ (x, y) is g (x, y) -g (x + Δ x, y + Δ y), where g (x, y) is the pixel value of the (x, y) position in the image, Δ x and Δ y are the offset in the x and y directions, respectively, and g Δ (x, y) represents the grayscale difference between (x, y) and its slight offset point (x + Δ x, y + Δ y);

thirdly, subtracting the average value of the recorded values from each recorded value by adopting a standard deviation method according to the representation of the gray scale feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature, and dividing the average value by the standard deviation of the recorded values to obtain processed data;

step four, establishing a three-dimensional surveying and mapping platform on a computer, determining the size conversion relation between the three-dimensional surveying and mapping platform and a surveying and mapping position according to the processed data, and constructing a model based on surveying and mapping geographic information according to a certain proportion; the method for converting the size of the three-dimensional mapping platform and the mapping position comprises the steps of firstly measuring the actual size of a certain real object in a real scene, then finding out a simulated image corresponding to the real object by using a three-dimensional model, determining the size of the image in the three-dimensional model, and then calculating the proportional relation between the actual size of the real object and the size of the image in the three-dimensional model, namely the size conversion relation between the constructed three-dimensional mapping platform and the real scene;

importing the image data into a three-dimensional mapping platform, and storing each frame of data in the image and data in a model for mapping geographic information corresponding to the frame into the three-dimensional mapping platform;

step six, storing the established model data and image data of the mapping geographic information to obtain original data supporting the three-dimensional mapping platform, and reading the original data into the three-dimensional mapping platform through a program;

and step seven, when the distance between specific positions needing to be measured in the created three-dimensional mapping platform is long, the specific coordinates of the positions can be picked up in the three-dimensional mapping platform to calculate the distance of the positions in a virtual state, and finally the specific distance is determined through the size conversion relation between the three-dimensional space and the target mapping position.

A mapping letter virtual simulation teaching system comprising:

a position information determination unit: the main control terminal is coupled to the main control terminal and used for determining the geographic position needing accurate measurement;

a drive unit: the unmanned aerial vehicle is driven to move towards the geographic position after being coupled with the main control terminal and obtaining the specific geographic position through the position information determining unit;

a fine image conversion unit: the driving unit is coupled with the main control terminal and drives the unmanned aerial vehicle to move to a geographical position needing accurate measurement, and then the secondary shot image of the camera is refined;

a mapping display unit: a surveying and mapping position map is arranged in the intelligent surveying and mapping system, and is coupled to the main control terminal, the position of the current unmanned aerial vehicle or other intelligent surveying and mapping instruments is taken as a starting point, and the geographical position needing to be accurately measured is taken as a terminal point to be displayed on the surveying and mapping position map;

unmanned aerial vehicle orbit unit: and the main control terminal is coupled and used for planning a plurality of flight routes between the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the geographic position needing accurate measurement and displaying the flight routes in the flight display unit.

And (3) aiming at the measured data, forming simulation data, and carrying out imaging analysis and modification on numerical values of the data by online software.

The invention can quickly extract the surveying and mapping geographic information data from the image data and process the gray feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature of massive geographic information data, thereby realizing the conversion from the image data to the space, the geographic feature and the composition relationship thereof, constructing the model of the geographic information, leading a user to obtain a high-precision result when using the model of the geographic information, and the whole measuring process can be directly carried out in the computer without carrying out field measurement, which is beneficial to improving the measuring efficiency, the distance precision of any position after the accurate calculation by the computer is higher, the efficiency of query and analysis is improved, under the condition of severe environment and geographic conditions, students and teachers can learn and use the online software, and the online software is not influenced by any environmental teaching, so that the popularization and use value is high.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a survey and drawing letter virtual simulation teaching system which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of firstly, collecting a panoramic image of a target surveying and mapping geographic position and converting the panoramic image into image data;

step two, extracting target mapping geographic information data, and extracting gray scale features, texture features and spatial relation features of the mapping geographic data;

thirdly, subtracting the average value of the recorded values from each recorded value by adopting a standard deviation method according to the representation of the gray scale feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature, and dividing the average value by the standard deviation of the recorded values to obtain processed data;

step four, establishing a three-dimensional surveying and mapping platform on a computer, and determining the size conversion relation between the three-dimensional surveying and mapping platform and a surveying and mapping position according to the processed data so as to construct a model based on surveying and mapping geographic information according to a certain proportion;

importing the image data into a three-dimensional mapping platform, and storing each frame of data in the image and data in a model for mapping geographic information corresponding to the frame into the three-dimensional mapping platform;

step six, storing the established model data and image data of the mapping geographic information to obtain original data supporting the three-dimensional mapping platform, and reading the original data into the three-dimensional mapping platform through a program;

and step seven, when the distance between specific positions needing to be measured in the created three-dimensional mapping platform is long, the specific coordinates of the positions can be picked up in the three-dimensional mapping platform to calculate the distance of the positions in a virtual state, and finally the specific distance is determined through the size conversion relation between the three-dimensional space and the target mapping position.

Step eight, converting the specific data obtained by mapping into teaching sand table data in the platform by synthesizing the conversion data, and providing the teaching sand table data for students and teachers.

2. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the panoramic image of the surveying and mapping position is shot by a camera with a plurality of lenses carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle moves from low to high in the shooting process.

3. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the plurality of lenses of the camera include a main lens and a plurality of sub lenses, the main lens is vertically and downwardly arranged, the plurality of sub lenses are circumferentially and uniformly distributed by taking the main lens as a circle center, and the plurality of sub lenses are inclined towards the main lens.

4. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, before the step of extracting the target mapping geographic information data, the method further includes: and judging whether the image data has missing data, repeated data or abnormal data, if so, processing the missing data, the repeated data or the abnormal data.

5. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 4, wherein: the specific processing method of the missing data, the repeated data or the abnormal data comprises the following steps:

step one, judging whether the space type data has missing data, if so, executing step two; if not, executing the third step;

filling missing data in the spatial data by adopting a linear regression method, and executing a third step;

step three, carrying out comparative analysis on the data of the same category, judging whether repeated records exist in a preset error range, and if so, executing step four; if not, executing the step five;

step four, deleting the repeated records and executing step five;

and step five, detecting the abnormal data, and deleting the abnormal points when the abnormal points exist.

6. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, before the step of extracting the gray scale feature, the texture feature and the spatial relationship feature of the mapped geographic data, the method further comprises: preprocessing the mapping geographic data, specifically: filtering and removing dryness, histogram equalization, geometric correction of a map scanning image, establishment of a mapping relation between an electronic map image geographic coordinate and a remote sensing image pixel coordinate, and forming real virtual data, wherein the real virtual data can realize on-line virtual mapping operation;

step one, acquiring a panoramic image of a target surveying and mapping geographic position, converting the panoramic image into image data, and forming data capable of simulating field operation on line;

step two, when the teaching is expanded, summarizing and editing the formed virtual data to form a dynamic image;

step three, when virtual teaching is developed, data editing can be carried out on the formed dynamic image;

and step four, adding virtual simulation operation of a plurality of surveying and mapping instruments such as digital mapping, satellite positioning measurement, leveling measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, intelligent android total station and the like into the observed data.

7. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the method for extracting the gray scale features of the mapping geographic data comprises calculating a gray scale average value and a variance; the method for extracting the texture features of the mapped geographic data is a gray level difference statistical method; the method for extracting the spatial relationship characteristics of the mapping geographic data comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly dividing an image into a plurality of rule sub-blocks; (2) then, features are extracted for each image sub-block, and an index is established.

8. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 7, wherein: the calculation formula of the grayscale difference statistical method is that g Δ (x, y) is g (x, y) -g (x + Δ x, y + Δ y), where g (x, y) is the pixel value of the (x, y) position in the image, Δ x and Δ y are the offsets in the x and y directions, respectively, and g Δ (x, y) represents the grayscale difference between (x, y) and its slight offset point (x + Δ x, y + Δ y).

9. The virtual simulation teaching system for mapping letter according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the size conversion relationship between the three-dimensional mapping platform and the mapping position is implemented by measuring the actual size of a real object in the real scene, finding out a simulated image corresponding to the real object by using the three-dimensional model, determining the size of the image in the three-dimensional model, and then calculating the proportional relationship between the actual size of the real object and the size of the image in the three-dimensional model, namely the size conversion relationship between the constructed three-dimensional mapping platform and the real scene.

10. The virtual simulation teaching system for geodetic letter of claims 1-9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

the master control terminal: the system is used for data processing and controlling the motion of a plurality of intelligent surveying and mapping instruments such as digital mapping, satellite positioning measurement, leveling measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and intelligent android total station;

a position information determination unit: the main control terminal is coupled to the main control terminal and used for determining the geographic position needing accurate measurement;

a drive unit: the unmanned aerial vehicle is driven to move towards the geographic position after being coupled with the main control terminal and obtaining the specific geographic position through the position information determining unit;

a fine image conversion unit: the driving unit is coupled with the main control terminal and drives the unmanned aerial vehicle to move to a geographical position needing accurate measurement, and then the secondary shot image of the camera is refined;

a mapping display unit: a surveying and mapping position map is arranged in the intelligent surveying and mapping system, and is coupled to the main control terminal, the position of the current unmanned aerial vehicle or other intelligent surveying and mapping instruments is taken as a starting point, and the geographical position needing to be accurately measured is taken as a terminal point to be displayed on the surveying and mapping position map;

unmanned aerial vehicle orbit unit: and the main control terminal is coupled and used for planning a plurality of flight routes between the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the geographic position needing accurate measurement and displaying the flight routes in the flight display unit.

And (3) aiming at the measured data, forming simulation data, and carrying out imaging analysis and modification on numerical values of the data by online software.

Images