Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for dividing the treatment priority of the urban homeland space, and aims to solve the problem that how to identify the utilization conflict degree of land and provide the division result of the treatment priority on the basis of the utilization conflict degree in the prior art so as to facilitate planning and management personnel to carry out high-efficiency treatment by referring to the division result.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for prioritizing treatment of an urban homeland space, where the method includes:
obtaining source images of a plurality of urban homeland spaces, and constructing an initial graphic model according to the source images;
obtaining a conflict object distinguishing graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determining a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object distinguishing graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between a construction space and spaces such as cultivated land and ecology in the urban homeland space;
and according to the space conflict intensity index, carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space.
In one implementation, the constructing an initial graphical model from the plurality of source images comprises:
formatting the source images to obtain formatted images;
and superposing a plurality of formatted images to obtain a graphical model.
In one implementation, the obtaining a collision object discrimination graphical model based on the initial graphical model includes:
acquiring a current situation construction land area image and a potential safety hazard area image;
obtaining a formatted middle area image according to the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image;
superimposing the formatted intermediate region image onto a graphical model;
and identifying a conflict region in the graphical model by adopting a superposition analysis mode to obtain a conflict object discrimination graphical model.
In one implementation, the obtaining a formatted intermediate area image according to the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image includes:
and formatting the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image to obtain a formatted middle area image.
In one implementation, there are several of the collision regions; the determining the spatial conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict area comprises:
analyzing the type of the conflict area;
calculating a conflict index of each type of conflict region; wherein the conflict index is used for characterizing the conflict strength of a conflict area;
constructing an intensity index calculation graphical model, and accumulating all types of conflict indexes to obtain a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area; wherein the intensity index calculation graphical model is used for calculating the intensity index of the type of the conflict region;
and forming a space conflict intensity index by the conflict index and the comprehensive conflict index.
In one implementation, the prioritizing the conflict area according to the spatial conflict intensity index to obtain the prioritization result of the urban homeland space includes:
obtaining an attribute value of a city homeland space; the attribute values are used for representing the land use state of the urban land-soil space and the building existence state;
determining the treatment level of the conflict area through a matrix discrimination graphic model according to the attribute value and the conflict area; the matrix discrimination graphical model is used for dividing governing priorities;
and carrying out treatment priority division on the space conflict intensity index and the treatment grade to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space.
In one implementation, the determining, according to the attribute value and the conflict area, a governance rating of the conflict area includes:
analyzing the importance level of the attribute value;
and dividing the conflict area based on the importance level to obtain the treatment level of the conflict area.
In one implementation, the prioritizing the spatial conflict intensity index and the governance level to obtain the governance prioritization result of the urban homeland space includes:
arranging and combining the spatial conflict intensity index and the treatment grade to obtain a plurality of arrangement combined results;
and carrying out priority division on the permutation and combination result to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for prioritizing treatment of an urban homeland space, where the device includes:
the initial graphic model building module is used for obtaining source images of a plurality of urban territory spaces and building an initial graphic model according to the source images;
a space conflict intensity index determining module, configured to obtain a conflict object discrimination graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determine a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object discrimination graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between a construction space and spaces such as cultivated land and ecology in the national soil space of the city;
and the treatment priority division result determining module is used for carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area according to the space conflict intensity index to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an intelligent terminal, including a memory, and one or more programs, where the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and configured to be executed by one or more processors includes a method for performing the treatment prioritization of urban homeland spaces as described in any one of the above.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein instructions of the storage medium, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the method for governance prioritization of urban homeland spaces as described in any one of the above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, obtaining source images of a plurality of urban territorial spaces, and constructing an initial graphic model according to the source images; then, obtaining a conflict object distinguishing graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determining a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object distinguishing graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between a construction space and spaces such as cultivated land and ecology in the urban homeland space;
finally, according to the space conflict intensity index, carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space; therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the conflict region corresponding to the source image is determined based on the graphical model, the conflict intensity of the conflict region in the land utilization process is determined, and the accurate treatment priority division result is further obtained, so that a planning manager can perform high-efficiency treatment by referring to the division result.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for dividing governing priority of urban territory space, which is further described in detail below by referring to the attached drawings and embodiments in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In the prior art, the currently adopted methods mainly comprise 3 methods: firstly, qualitative analysis method is adopted, and conflict representation forms are qualitatively identified through theoretical construction or conceptual summary. And secondly, a conflict comprehensive index method can reflect the relative strength of space conflict, but is difficult to perform positioning identification on the space. Thirdly, a 'multi-layer cake' type map factor superposition method is adopted, and the method is widely applied because the conflict space can be accurately positioned. The basis and precondition for spatial optimization is to prevent and implement due to local conditions, and the difficulty is how to identify the potential occurrence region of spatial conflict and diagnose the intensity thereof.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment provides a method for dividing the treatment priority of the urban homeland space, which determines the conflict area corresponding to the source image based on the graphical model, determines the conflict intensity of the conflict area in the land utilization process, and further obtains an accurate treatment priority division result, so that planning and management personnel can perform high-efficiency treatment by referring to the division result. In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of source images of the urban homeland space are obtained, and an initial graphic model is constructed according to the source images; then, obtaining a conflict object distinguishing diagram model based on the initial diagram model, and determining a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object distinguishing diagram model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between a built space in the urban homeland space and spaces such as cultivated land, ecology and the like; and finally, according to the space conflict intensity index, carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space. In the embodiment, a graphical analysis method is adopted to split the research flow into three steps of "S1 conflict object identification → S2 conflict intensity calculation → S3 conflict management prioritization", wherein the conflict object identification is to identify four conflict types: source-ground conflicts, corridor conflicts, safety conflicts and farmland conflicts; the calculation of the collision strength refers to the calculation of the collision strength of each collision type; the conflict treatment priority division refers to division of treatment priority according to the calculated conflict intensity and treatment level. And (3) carrying out graphic analysis in each step, wherein the graphic analysis comprises the technical processes of parameter determination, data sorting, simulation environment selection, modeling and the like.
Exemplary method
The embodiment provides a method for dividing governing priority of urban homeland space, which can be applied to intelligent terminals in the field of geographic information. As shown in fig. 1 in detail, the method includes:
s100, obtaining source images of a plurality of urban homeland spaces, and constructing an initial graphic model according to the source images;
specifically, the ecological protection red line is an area which has special important ecological functions and must be strictly protected forcibly in the ecological space range, and comprises an ecological source area, an ecological corridor and the like; the permanent basic farmland protection red line is a control line which is defined for guaranteeing the safety of grains and controls the disordered expansion of cities by rigid constraint. Ecological conservation red lines and permanent basic farmland conservation red lines are control boundary lines, stress protection control and limit construction behaviors. Illustration, a graphic thought derivation capability, is a thinking way and an explanation tool for showing the internal relationship of things through simple and easy-to-understand graphs. The urban case is subjected to formal logic analysis through graphical analysis, and the key point is to judge the spatial distribution, the expression form and the conflict degree of the potential conflict and set a differentiated treatment strategy according to the spatial distribution, the expression form and the conflict degree. In this embodiment, the source images of the plurality of urban territorial spaces include ecological protection red line images, permanent basic farmland protection red line images, town development boundary images and general ecological and agricultural space images, and the source images are planned in the urban territorial space planning. After source images of a plurality of urban homeland spaces are obtained, an initial graphic model can be constructed according to a plurality of source images. Correspondingly, in order to obtain the graphic model, the construction of the initial graphic model according to a plurality of the source images comprises the following steps:
s101, formatting a plurality of source images to obtain a plurality of formatted images;
and S102, overlapping a plurality of formatted images to obtain a graphical model.
Specifically, the data format processing is carried out on the images by using the ecological protection red line image and the permanent basic farmland protection red line image, so that the formats of all the images are unified, then the images can be unified in coordinates, and the ecological protection red line image and the permanent basic farmland protection red line image are spatially superposed to illustrate the model.
Having obtained the graphical model, the following steps can be performed as shown in FIG. 1: s200, obtaining a conflict object distinguishing graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determining a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object distinguishing graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between the construction space and the spaces such as cultivated land and ecology in the urban homeland space.
In step S200, the obtaining of the collision object discrimination graphical model based on the initial graphical model includes the following steps: acquiring a current situation construction land area image and a potential safety hazard area image; obtaining a formatted intermediate area image according to the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image; superimposing the formatted intermediate region image onto an initial graphical model; and identifying a conflict area in the initial graphical model by adopting a superposition analysis mode to obtain a conflict object discrimination graphical model.
Specifically, the town construction land within the town development boundary range is in line with the planning, but in practice, some current construction lands are illegal, and the illegal construction lands are distributed in the ecological protection red line area and the basic farmland protection red line area; in addition, in general ecological and agricultural spaces, there are potential safety hazard areas where current construction sites are distributed, such as high-voltage corridors, geological disaster prone areas, or safety protection ranges around large-scale sanitation facilities. Therefore, the areas to be paid attention to are both illegal construction land and potential safety hazard areas, and are collectively referred to as conflict land areas in the present invention. According to the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image, a formatted middle area image is obtained, specifically, the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image are formatted to obtain a formatted middle area image, namely the middle area image is possibly a collision land area image, the collision land area image comprises an illegal construction land area image and a potential safety hazard area image, and the formatted middle area image is superposed on an initial graphical model; as shown in fig. 2, a collision region in the initial graphical model is then identified by a superposition analysis method, so as to obtain a collision object discrimination graphical model. Specifically, when the current construction land area image is overlapped with the planned construction land, the illegal construction land is not available; when the current construction land area image is overlapped with an ecological source land in the ecological land, the overlapped area is a source land conflict area image, wherein the ecological source land is an ecological land which has a certain scale and is distributed in a concentrated manner in space; when the current construction land area image is overlapped with the ecological corridor in the ecological land, the overlapped area is the corridor conflict area image; when the current construction land area image is overlapped with the basic farmland protection area, the overlapped area is the cultivated land conflict area image, and when the current construction land area image and the potential safety hazard area image are overlapped with the general ecological and agricultural space, the overlapped area is the safety conflict area image. Therefore, four conflict areas can be obtained through the source conflict area image, the corridor conflict area image, the farmland conflict area image and the safety conflict area image: a source ground conflict area, a corridor conflict area, a farmland conflict area and a safety conflict area, wherein the four conflict areas are defined as follows.
After a conflict area is obtained, determining a spatial conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict area; the conflict area is used for representing the overlapping relation between the construction space in the urban homeland space and the spaces such as the cultivated land, the ecology and the like. Correspondingly, a plurality of conflict areas are provided; the step of determining the spatial conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict area comprises the following steps: analyzing the type of the conflict area; calculating the conflict index of each type of conflict area; wherein the conflict index is used for representing the conflict strength of the conflict area; accumulating conflict indexes of all types to obtain a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area; and forming a space conflict intensity index by the conflict index and the comprehensive conflict index.
Specifically, the type of the conflict area is analyzed, and in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the type of the conflict area is four types, namely, active ground conflict, corridor conflict, safety conflict, farmland conflict, and the like. Then calculating the conflict index of each type of conflict area; wherein the conflict index is used for characterizing the conflict strength of a conflict area; in this example, the spatial impact strength Index (Conflict Index, CI) is used to reflect the degree of uncontrollable negative spatial type transformation and the intensity of spatial impact mutation over time. The invention is characterized by using a subentry conflict index (k) and a comprehensive conflict index (m), namely CI (f (k, m)).
A conflict index (k) for each type of conflict region, wherein the conflict index is used to characterize the conflict strength of a conflict region. The influence degree of the construction land on the subitem type spaces such as the source land and the gallery is represented by calculating the proportion of the conflict area of different types of land in the evaluation unit, and the larger the index is, the stronger the uncontrollable property of the space process is, and the larger the space conflict intensity is. The collision index for each type of collision zone is represented by:
in the formula: sceFor conflict areas, i.e. the area occupied by a certain type of space being built, SeIs the total area of this type of space.
Then constructing a strength index calculation graphical model, and accumulating all types of conflict indexes to obtain a comprehensive conflict index corresponding to the conflict area; wherein the intensity index calculation graphical model is used for calculating the intensity index of the type of the conflict region; if the comprehensive conflict index represents the accumulated intensity of different types of conflict lands in a certain space unit, if the subentry conflict index k is larger than 0, the space unit is 1, and the comprehensive conflict index is obtained by adopting a summation method, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the above formula, kiFor different types of conflict indices, i is a conflict type (i ═ 1,2,3,4), and j is a unit grid, in this example, the study area is divided into a number of regular grid units with an area of 10 hectares. Thus, for each cell grid, the resulting composite conflict index value may be 0,1,2,3,4, and when the composite conflict index value is 0, no conflict is indicated,when the integrated collision index value is 1, the collision strength is indicated to be light, when the integrated collision index value is 2, the collision strength is indicated to be medium, and when the integrated collision index value is 3 or 4, the collision strength is indicated to be high.
After obtaining the spatial collision strength index, the following steps can be performed as shown in fig. 1: s300, according to the space conflict intensity index, carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space. Correspondingly, the step of dividing the treatment priority of the conflict area according to the space conflict intensity index to obtain the treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space comprises the following steps:
s301, obtaining an attribute value of a city homeland space; wherein the attribute values are used for representing the land use state and the building existence state of the conflict area;
s302, determining the treatment level of the conflict area through a matrix discrimination graphic model according to the attribute value and the conflict area; the matrix discrimination graphic model is used for dividing governing priorities;
s303, carrying out treatment priority division on the space conflict intensity index and the treatment grade to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space.
Specifically, the angle of the ground surface coverage is used for analyzing the land composition and the actual situation of the ground building, and the difficulty degree of implementing treatment on the conflict space is analyzed on the basis of the strength diagnosis. The invention provides key influence factors for controlling conflict space: land attributes (including 2 indexes of land ownership and land planning) and building attributes (including 3 indexes of building type, construction age and construction strength), and the feasibility of space management is comprehensively judged in the aspect of economic cost benefit. For example, the traditional industrial factory buildings such as industry and warehouse have smaller building scale, lower removal cost and inferior commercial and office buildings, while the residential and supporting facilities need to be removed and installed, and the more economic investment, the more difficult the treatment is.
After the attribute value is obtained, determining the treatment level of the conflict area according to the attribute value and the conflict area; correspondingly, the step of determining the treatment level of the conflict area according to the attribute value and the conflict area comprises the following steps: analyzing the importance level of the attribute value; and dividing the conflict area based on the importance level to obtain the treatment level of the conflict area.
In particular, the level of importance of the government interest for the level of importance of the attribute value, such as the land property>Rights and interests of group>Equity of using ground unit>The interests of disputes. And then, based on the importance level, dividing the conflict area to obtain the treatment level of the conflict area, wherein the treatment level comprises easy treatment, easier treatment, general treatment and difficult treatment. And after the treatment grade is obtained, carrying out treatment priority division on the space conflict intensity index and the treatment grade to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space. Correspondingly, the step of dividing the treatment priority of the space conflict intensity index and the treatment level to obtain the treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space comprises the following steps: arranging and combining the spatial conflict intensity index and the treatment grade to obtain a plurality of arrangement and combination results; and carrying out priority division on the permutation and combination result to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban national soil space. In this embodiment, a graphical matrix model (as shown in table 1) for classifying the collision space governance grades is used to index the space collision strength (representing the strength of the collision) (a)i) And treatment difficulty (B)j) Two dimensions are arranged and combined to generate AiBjThe implementation time sequence of the space optimization is divided by 12 scenarios in total: firstly, optimizing time sequence I including A1BjAnd AiB1The collision units are slight or easy to manage, and have strong feasibility of implementation; ② optimizing time sequence II, including A2B2、A2B3、A3B2Moderate in implementation; ③ optimizing time sequence III, including A2B4、A3B3、A3B4The implementability is poor.
TABLE 1 Conflict space prioritization matrix solution model
The treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space is obtained by the method: the invention provides a priority level arrangement suggestion for space management, which provides reference value for planning managers, and the planning managers can arrange conflict land to be treated recently according to the result of the priority level division, make a targeted policy and meet the national management and control requirements of three control lines for homeland space planning.
The bright points of the invention are as follows:
1. the space optimization process is divided into three stages of 'identification-collision intensity calculation-treatment grade division'.
2. And introducing a graphical analysis method to carry out urban territorial space priority division.
3. And (3) a matrix discrimination model for space priority division.
Exemplary device
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for dividing governance priorities of urban homeland spaces, where the device includes an initial graphical model building module 401, a space conflict intensity index determining module 402, and a governance prioritization result determining module 403, where: the initial illustration model construction module 401 is used for acquiring source images of a plurality of urban territory spaces and constructing an initial illustration model according to the source images;
a spatial conflict intensity index determining module 402, configured to obtain a conflict object determination graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determine a spatial conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object determination graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between a construction space and spaces such as cultivated land and ecology in the urban homeland space;
a result determining module 403 for treatment prioritization, configured to perform treatment prioritization on the conflict area according to the spatial conflict intensity index, to obtain a result of treatment prioritization of the urban homeland space.
Based on the above embodiment, the present invention further provides an intelligent terminal, and a schematic block diagram thereof may be as shown in fig. 5. The intelligent terminal comprises a processor, a memory, a network interface, a display screen and a temperature sensor which are connected through a system bus. Wherein, the processor of the intelligent terminal is used for providing calculation and control capability. The memory of the intelligent terminal comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface of the intelligent terminal is used for being connected and communicated with an external terminal through a network. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a method of governance prioritization of urban homeland spaces. The display screen of the intelligent terminal can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the temperature sensor of the intelligent terminal is arranged inside the intelligent terminal in advance and used for detecting the operating temperature of internal equipment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the schematic diagram in fig. 5 is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation to the intelligent terminal to which the solution of the present invention is applied, and a specific intelligent terminal may include more or less components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, an intelligent terminal is provided that includes a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors to perform the one or more programs including instructions for: obtaining source images of a plurality of urban homeland spaces, and constructing an initial graphic model according to the source images;
obtaining a conflict object distinguishing graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determining a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object distinguishing graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between a construction space and spaces such as cultivated land and ecology in the urban homeland space;
and according to the space conflict intensity index, carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above when executed. Any reference to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
In summary, the invention discloses a method for dividing the treatment priority of an urban homeland space, which comprises the following steps: obtaining source images of a plurality of urban homeland spaces, and constructing an initial graphic model according to the source images; obtaining a conflict object distinguishing graphical model based on the initial graphical model, and determining a space conflict intensity index corresponding to the conflict area according to the conflict object distinguishing graphical model; the conflict object distinguishing graphical model is used for analyzing the overlapping relation between construction space and cultivated land in the urban homeland space and the space such as ecology and the like; and according to the space conflict intensity index, carrying out treatment priority division on the conflict area to obtain a treatment priority division result of the urban homeland space. The method determines the conflict area corresponding to the source image based on the initial graphic model, determines the conflict intensity of the conflict area in the process of unearthed utilization, and further obtains an accurate treatment priority division result, so that planning managers can perform high-efficiency treatment by referring to the division result.
Based on the above embodiments, the present invention discloses a method for governing prioritization of urban soil and earth spaces, and it should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications and changes may be made in the light of the above description, and all such modifications and changes shall fall within the scope of the appended claims.