CN114492248A - Method for determining fire longitudinal temperature of snake-shaped curve tunnel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety of highway tunnels, in particular to a method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of a snake-shaped curve tunnel. Aims to make up for the blank of the research on the fire temperature field distribution characteristics of the prior snake-shaped curve tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a mathematical model of fire temperature diffusion of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, establishing a geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, and establishing a gas flow model in the space of the snake-shaped curve tunnel; according to the model and the method, three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation is carried out on the fire temperature field distribution of the snake-shaped curve tunnel; according to the calculation result, the vault temperature T (x) and the vault maximum temperature T at different longitudinal distances from the fire source are obtained0Ratio of (T), (x)/T0(ii) a Through which is passedAnd carrying out nonlinear fitting on the ratio, and finishing to obtain a calculation formula of the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped tunnel. The invention fills the blank of the research on the fire temperature field distribution of the snake-shaped curve tunnel at present, and provides scientific basis for personnel evacuation design and lining fireproof design under the fire of the snake-shaped curve tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety of highway tunnels, in particular to a method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of a snake-shaped curve tunnel.
Background
In recent years, the economy of China is continuously enhanced, the traffic construction business is rapidly developed, the scale and the number of highway construction are continuously increased, and the problem of tunnel fire is more and more concerned. The highway tunnel conflagration causes harm very big, and when the conflagration took place, the vault highest temperature above the fire source in the tunnel can reach more than 1000 degrees, and when the conflagration flue gas diffused the low reaches in the tunnel, the flue gas temperature will attenuate according to certain law. In a highway fire, the longitudinal temperature downstream of the fire source is an important factor affecting personnel evacuation.
With the continuous promotion of the construction of highways in western mountainous areas, in order to overcome the factors of terrain height difference, slope alleviation, avoidance of unfavorable geological conditions and the like, the number of complex linear tunnels is gradually increased, and the planar linear type of the tunnels is developed from the former linear type to the curved type, even the snake type. For example, the running Mashan No. 1 tunnel, which is the project of Yaan to Yecheng national expressway at the stabilized border section, is a typical serpentine tunnel. The particularity of the line type of the snake-shaped curve tunnel causes the distribution characteristics of the longitudinal temperature field of the fire in the tunnel to be different from those of a straight tunnel and a common curve tunnel, thereby influencing the personnel dispersion design and the tunnel lining fireproof design under the fire. Therefore, the determination of the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped curve tunnel is the basis and the key of the disaster prevention control design of the snake-shaped curve tunnel.
Through the existing results of investigation and research, it is found that the researches on fire simulation and temperature field distribution characteristics in the fire process of the curved tunnel by scholars at home and abroad are less, and especially the researches on the longitudinal temperature field of the fire of the snake-shaped curved tunnel are extremely lacked. The calculation method of the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped curve tunnel is not clear, which causes great difficulty for the fire personnel dispersion design of the snake-shaped curve tunnel and the fireproof design of the tunnel lining, and has serious influence on the operation safety of the snake-shaped curve tunnel.
Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for determining a fire longitudinal temperature of a serpentine tunnel, which aims to fill up the blank of the current study on the fire temperature field distribution characteristics of the serpentine tunnel, provide scientific basis for personnel evacuation design and lining fireproof design under the fire of the serpentine tunnel, and ensure the operation safety of the serpentine tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of a snake-shaped curve tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing the following model by using a fluid mechanics CFD method and utilizing fluid mechanics three-dimensional numerical software FLUENT, wherein the model specifically comprises the following steps:
step 101, establishing a mathematical model of the fire temperature diffusion of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, and applying a continuity equation, a momentum equation, an energy equation and a standard k-epsilon model;
102, establishing a geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, wherein the geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel comprises a primary curve section and a reverse curve section;
103, establishing a gas flow model in a snake-shaped curve tunnel space;
step 301, determining the highest vault temperature T right above the fire source under the fire condition of the snake-shaped curve tunnel according to the calculation result0And dome temperatures t (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source;
step 302, according to the determined vault maximum temperature T0And the vault temperature T (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source, and obtaining the vault temperature T (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source and the vault maximum temperature T0Ratio of (T), (x)/T0。
And 4, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the ratio of the vault temperature to the vault maximum temperature of the snake-shaped curve tunnel at different longitudinal distances from the fire source, and finishing to obtain a calculation formula of the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped tunnel:
T(x)＝T0·exp[-0.00183(x-x0)] (1)
in the formula (1), x-x0Is a longitudinal distance from the source of fire, T (x) is a longitudinal distance x-x from the source of fire0Dome temperature of (T)0The highest dome temperature.
Preferably, in the step 1, the radius of the primary curve segment of the snake-shaped curve tunnel is 1000m, and the length is 1800 m; the reverse curve segment has a radius of 1000m and a length of 1800 m.
Preferably, in step 1, a gas flow model in the space of the serpentine tunnel is established, and boundary conditions taken at various places of the tunnel when the gas flow model is established are as follows:
the tunnel inlet and the tunnel outlet are both pressure boundary conditions, the fire source in the tunnel is a mass flow boundary condition, and the tunnel wall and the ground are static wall boundary conditions, and are set as heat insulation wall conditions.
Preferably, in the step 2, before the three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation, initial setting is performed in three-dimensional numerical software FLUENT, the fire scale is 30MW, the combustion model adopts a volume heat source model, and the fire source temperature and the environment temperature are respectively set to 750 ℃ and 12 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a numerical calculation method and a numerical model to obtain the calculation method of the distribution characteristics and the longitudinal temperature of the fire temperature field of the snake-shaped curve tunnel. The invention not only fills the blank of the current research on the fire temperature field distribution of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, but also provides scientific basis for personnel evacuation design and lining fireproof design under the fire of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, ensures the operation safety of the snake-shaped curve tunnel and has important engineering significance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a runway mountain No. 1 tunnel of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows the maximum temperature of the arch top of the snake-shaped curve tunnel according to the longitudinal distance (x-x)0) The variation curve of (d);
FIG. 4 is a non-linear fitting function of the ratio of the vault temperature to the vault maximum temperature at different longitudinal distances from the source of fire for the serpentine tunnel of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of the serpentine tunnel according to the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the model section of the invention adopts the actual section form of the tunnel of the marchan No. 1, and the embodiment provides a method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing the following model by using a fluid mechanics CFD method and utilizing fluid mechanics three-dimensional numerical software FLUENT, wherein the model specifically comprises the following steps:
step 101, establishing a mathematical model of the fire temperature diffusion of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, and applying a continuity equation, a momentum equation, an energy equation and a standard k-epsilon model; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the continuity equation is a concrete representation of the law of conservation of mass in fluid mechanics, as follows:
in the formula (1), ρ is the gas density in kg/m3，
Is the average velocity vector in m/s;
the momentum equation comprises momentum equations in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, and the momentum equations are as follows:
momentum equation in the x direction:
momentum equation in the y direction:
momentum equation in z direction:
in the formulas (2), (3) and (4), u represents a velocity vector in the x direction, v represents a velocity vector in the y direction, w represents a velocity vector in the z direction, x represents a displacement vector in the x direction, y represents a displacement vector in the y direction, z represents a displacement vector in the z direction, and SuRepresenting the source item, S, in the x-directionvSource item, S, representing the y directionvThe source term in the z direction is represented, P represents the pressure of the gas, and μ is a constant.
The energy equation is in the form:
in the formula (5), keffFor effective thermal conductivity, J' is the component Jj′Is the diffusion flux, S, of component jhIs a source term including heat of chemical reaction and other sources of volumetric heat, hj′Is the enthalpy of the constituent, E is the total energy, (τ)ij)effIs the bias stress tensor, which represents viscous heating.
The standard k-epsilon model needs to solve the turbulent kinetic energy and the dissipation rate equation thereof, and the form is as follows:
in the formulas (6) and (7), k represents the turbulent kinetic energy, epsilon represents the dissipation ratio, D is the hydraulic diameter of the section of the tunnel, GkRepresenting the turbulent kinetic potential due to the mean velocity gradient, GbRepresenting the potential energy of turbulence due to buoyancy, YMRepresents the effect of the pressure-velocity turbulent pulsating expansion on the total dissipation factor, mutRepresents a turbulent viscosity coefficient, wherein
In FLUENT, as a default constant, C1E＝1.44，C2E＝1.92，Cμ0.09, the turbulence prandtl numbers for the turbulence kinetic energy k and the dissipation factor epsilon are respectively σk＝1.0，σεThese constants can be adjusted by adjusting the "viscous model" panel, 1.3.
102, establishing a geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, wherein the geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel comprises a primary curve section and a reverse curve section.
As shown in FIG. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radius R of the primary curve segment of the serpentine tunnel is11000m, length 1800 m; radius R of reverse curve segment21000m and a length of 1800 m.
103, establishing a gas flow model in the space of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, wherein boundary conditions at all places of the tunnel when the gas flow model is established are as follows:
the tunnel entrance and exit are pressure boundary conditions, the fire source in the tunnel is a mass flow boundary condition, the tunnel wall and the ground are static wall boundary conditions, and the condition is set as a heat insulation wall condition.
as shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a volume heat source model is adopted as the fire source model;
fire source scale size: length, width, height, 4.6m, 1.7m, 1.5 m;
the size of the fire source scale is as follows: 30 MW;
temperature of fire source: 750 ℃;
initial conditions: air density in the tunnel: 0.9kg/m3(ii) a The environment temperature in the tunnel is 12 ℃; wall surface roughness: 0.022 m; outlet relative pressure 0.0 Pa;
step 301, according to the above calculation results, as shown in fig. 2, determining the highest temperature T of the vault right above the fire source under the fire condition of the snake-shaped curve tunnel0And dome temperatures t (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source;
step 302, according to the determined vault maximum temperature T0And the vault temperature T (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source, and obtaining the vault temperature T (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source and the vault maximum temperature T0Ratio of (T), (x)/T0。
And 4, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the ratio of the vault temperature of the snake-shaped curve tunnel to the fire source at different longitudinal distances to the vault highest temperature, and finishing to obtain a calculation formula of the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped tunnel:
T(x)＝T0·exp[-0.00183(x-x0)] (1)
in the formula (1), x-x0Is a longitudinal distance from the source of fire, T (x) is a longitudinal distance x-x from the source of fire0Dome temperature of (T)0The highest dome temperature.
Thus, the flow of the whole method is completed.
The method has the advantages that the numerical calculation method and the model are adopted, and the calculation method of the distribution characteristics and the longitudinal temperature of the fire temperature field of the snake-shaped curve tunnel is obtained. The invention not only fills the blank of the current research on the fire temperature field distribution of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, but also provides scientific basis for personnel evacuation design and lining fireproof design under the fire of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, has important engineering significance and ensures the operation safety of the snake-shaped curve tunnel.
The invention is not described in detail, but is well known to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of a snake-shaped curve tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing the following model by using a fluid mechanics CFD method and utilizing fluid mechanics three-dimensional numerical software FLUENT, wherein the model specifically comprises the following steps:
step 101, establishing a mathematical model of the fire temperature diffusion of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, and applying a continuity equation, a momentum equation, an energy equation and a standard k-epsilon model;
102, establishing a geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, wherein the geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel comprises a primary curve section and a reverse curve section;
103, establishing a gas flow model in a snake-shaped curve tunnel space;
step 2, according to a mathematical model of fire temperature diffusion of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, a geometric model of the snake-shaped curve tunnel, a gas flow model in a space of the snake-shaped curve tunnel and a fluid mechanics CFD method, carrying out three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation on the fire temperature field distribution of the snake-shaped curve tunnel to obtain a calculation result;
step 301, determining the highest vault temperature T right above the fire source under the fire condition of the snake-shaped curve tunnel according to the calculation result0And dome temperatures t (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source;
step 302, according to the determined vault maximum temperature T0And the vault temperature T (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source, and obtaining the vault temperature T (x) at different longitudinal distances from the fire source and the vault maximum temperature T0Ratio of (T), (x)/T0。
And 4, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the ratio of the vault temperature to the vault maximum temperature of the snake-shaped curve tunnel at different longitudinal distances from the fire source, and finishing to obtain a calculation formula of the fire longitudinal temperature of the snake-shaped tunnel:
T(x)＝T0·exp[-0.00183(x-x0)] (1)
in the formula (1), x-x0Is a longitudinal distance from the source of fire, T (x) is a longitudinal distance x-x from the source of fire0Dome temperature of (T)0The highest dome temperature.
2. The method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of a serpentine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the radius of the primary curve segment of the serpentine tunnel is 1000m, and the length of the primary curve segment is 1800 m; the reverse curve segment has a radius of 1000m and a length of 1800 m.
3. The method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of the serpentine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, a gas flow model in the space of the serpentine tunnel is established, and boundary conditions taken at each position of the tunnel when the gas flow model is established are as follows:
the tunnel entrance and exit are pressure boundary conditions, the fire source in the tunnel is a mass flow boundary condition, the tunnel wall and the ground are static wall boundary conditions, and the condition is set as a heat insulation wall condition.
4. The method for determining the fire longitudinal temperature of a serpentine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, before the three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation, the initial setting is performed in a three-dimensional numerical software FLUENT, the fire size is 30MW, the combustion model adopts a volume heat source model, and the fire source temperature and the ambient temperature are set to 750 ℃ and 12 ℃ respectively.
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