CN114489477A - Decentralized distributed storage method based on block chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent operation and maintenance management, and particularly discloses a decentralized distributed storage method based on a block chain, which comprises the following steps: acquiring related data records, and uploading the data records to a block chain or an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) for storage through an intelligent contract of the block chain; after the data record is uploaded to the block chain, storing the data into different fragments of the block chain according to the data type of the data record, performing consensus through a Hashgraph consensus mechanism, performing block uplink storage, and storing a Hash value of the storage content returned by the IPFS into a corresponding fragment as a unique identifier; and the user acquires the required intelligent production equipment operation and maintenance data from the block chain and the IPFS through an intelligent contract. According to the method and the device, the storage pressure of the block chain is effectively reduced by using the fragmentation technology and the IPFS, the intelligent level and the operation and maintenance efficiency of the device are improved, and the problems of unsafe transmission, redundant storage, high storage cost and the like of the traditional HTTP protocol are solved by using the unique identifier in the IPFS.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent operation and maintenance management, and particularly relates to a decentralized distributed storage method based on a block chain.
Background
With the arrival of industrial 4.0, the industrial internet of things is widely recognized and applied in the production industry, the intelligent level and operation and maintenance efficiency of equipment are improved, and meanwhile, a series of data and safety problems in the aspect of equipment control are brought.
Accordingly, further developments and improvements are still needed in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a block chain based decentralized distributed storage method is proposed. The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a block chain based decentralized distributed storage method comprises the following steps:
acquiring related data records, and uploading the data records to a block chain or an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) for storage through an intelligent contract of the block chain;
after the data record is uploaded to the block chain, storing the data into different fragments of the block chain according to the data type of the data record, performing consensus through a Hashgraph consensus mechanism, performing block uplink storage, and storing a Hash value of the storage content returned by the IPFS into a corresponding fragment as a unique identifier;
and the user acquires the required intelligent production equipment operation and maintenance data from the block chain and the IPFS through an intelligent contract.
Further, the data types comprise characters, files, pictures and videos, the data are stored in different fragments according to the data types, a Hashgraph consensus mechanism is used for achieving consensus on the data in the fragments and generating blocks, the character data are directly stored in a block chain, and the data of the file type, the picture type and the video type which are inconvenient to process are stored in the block chain through an IPFS.
Further, the steps of storing and retrieving data using the IPFS include: a user uploads data to be stored to an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) through an IPFS command, and the IPFS processes the data and returns a unique hash value corresponding to the data; after obtaining the unique hash value of the data, the user calls an intelligent contract on the block chain, and the hash value and other related information form data to be uploaded and recorded and then are stored in the block chain; when a user acquires data, firstly calling an intelligent contract to acquire a data uploading record from a block chain, and then acquiring corresponding data from the IPFS by using a data unique hash value in the data uploading record.
Further, the Hashgraph consensus mechanism comprises the steps of generating an event, broadcasting the event through the eight diagrams transmission protocol, and voting by adopting a virtual voting algorithm.
Further, the events generated in the event generating step mainly include: the event processing method comprises the steps of time stamp, digital signature, parent hash of the node, parent hash of other nodes and event content, wherein the event content comprises data acquired by intelligent equipment, an operation command and a processing result of an edge gateway after data processing operation.
Further, the main flow of broadcasting events through the eight diagrams transmission protocol is as follows: the local node assembles newly received data and signature information of the data received from other nodes into an event, and then randomly sends the event to a target node; after receiving the event, the target node reads and stores the data in the event, then assembles the data in the event and the information collected from other nodes into a new event, then sends the new event to other randomly selected nodes, and repeats the above process until all the nodes receive the event created at the beginning, and after all the nodes receive the event created at the beginning, all the nodes need to execute a virtual voting algorithm locally to achieve consensus on the event.
Further, the virtual voting algorithm mainly comprises round determination, witness determination, data validity voting collection, and consensus round number and consensus time determination.
Further, the round determination method includes: the first event sent by a node is a witness event, and the witness event is the beginning of a round R of the node.
Further, the method for determining the known witnesses and collecting the data validity votes comprises the following steps: when judging whether the witness in the round R is a known witness, the witness in the round R +1 is required to judge, and then the witness in the round R +2 is used to count whether the witness is a known witness and whether the data contained in the witness event in the round R is valid.
Further, the method for determining the number of consensus rounds and the consensus time comprises the following steps: when the witnesses of round R all determine whether they are known witnesses, then the receive round of events that can be seen by all round R known witnesses is R.
Has the advantages that:
1. the decentralized distributed storage method based on the block chain is provided, so that safe and reliable storage of operation and maintenance data of industrial Internet of things production equipment is realized;
2. the storage pressure of the block chain is effectively reduced by using the fragmentation technology and the IPFS, and the intelligent level and the operation and maintenance efficiency of the equipment are improved;
3. the block chain is used as a storage medium, and the performance of the block chain is improved by using a fragmentation mode;
4. the problems of unsafe transmission, redundant storage, high storage cost and the like of the traditional HTTP protocol are solved by using the unique identifier in the IPFS;
5. and distinguishing the types of stored data, using a Hashgraph consensus mechanism to achieve consensus on the data in the slice and generate blocks, and using IPFS to store data of types such as files, pictures, videos and the like which are inconvenient to process in a block chain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block chain based decentralized distributed storage method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram for IPFS data storage and retrieval in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified flow chart of data fragmentation storage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Hashgraph event structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the Hashgraph eight Diagram propagation protocol in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block chain based IIoT intelligent operation and maintenance management system architecture diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a production subsystem data storage and retrieval process in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the embodiments of the present application, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
The words "if", as used herein, may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if detected (a stated condition or event)" may be interpreted as "when determined" or "in response to a determination" or "when detected (a stated condition or event)" or "in response to a detection (a stated condition or event)", depending on the context.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article of commerce or system in which the element is comprised.
A block chain based decentralized distributed storage method, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring related data records, and uploading the data records to a block chain or an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) for storage through an intelligent contract of the block chain; the method comprises the steps that an edge gateway is connected with intelligent production equipment and subsystems in an industrial Internet of things through a network, relevant original data generated by the intelligent production equipment and the subsystems are obtained through corresponding data obtaining interfaces, and meanwhile equipment ledger data, equipment configuration data and equipment operation and maintenance data uploaded by a system user are obtained through a visual interface of the system; the edge gateway and the system process the acquired data according to preset rules and formats, then assemble the data into related data records, and upload the data records to a block chain or an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) through an intelligent contract of the block chain;
s2: after the data records are uploaded to a block chain, storing the data into different fragments of the block chain according to the data types of the data records, performing block uplink storage after the data records are identified by a Hashgraph common identification mechanism, storing a Hashgraph value of storage content returned by an IPFS (inter-satellite file system, which is a global and point-to-point distributed version file system) into a corresponding fragment, and performing block uplink storage after the data records are identified by the Hashgraph common identification mechanism;
s3: a user acquires required production subsystem data from a block chain and an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) through an intelligent contract, and manages production subsystem equipment according to the acquired data or performs deep analysis on the acquired data to obtain more useful data.
When the method is specifically applied to the industrial internet of things, in step S1:
the data acquisition interface is exposed to the outside of the intelligent production equipment and the subsystem, and the operation data and the state data of the intelligent production equipment and the subsystem can be acquired by requesting the interface.
The intelligent production equipment comprises various sensors, mechanical arms, cameras, conveyor belts and other intelligent equipment on the production line.
The subsystem refers to a management subsystem specially managing a type of production line.
The visual interface is a data uploading interface of the IIoT intelligent operation and maintenance management system based on the block chain, and a user can upload data such as files and equipment faults through the interface.
The equipment ledger data includes equipment name, model, technical specification, spare part records, and the like.
The device configuration data includes device operational parameter settings.
The equipment operation and maintenance data comprises equipment fault information, equipment repair information, equipment alarm information, equipment inspection information and the like.
In step S2:
the preset rules include various judgment rules, such as whether the data format is wrong, whether the data is empty, whether the data exceeds the maximum range, and the like.
The preset format refers to a specific format required by different types of data storage, such as which fields are required by each piece of data, the arrangement sequence of the fields, and the like.
The IPFS is a decentralized distributed storage system, a unique hash value is generated by file contents to identify files, only one file with the same content exists in a network, and is used for solving the problems of insecure transmission, storage redundancy, high storage cost and the like existing in the traditional HTTP protocol, and a sequence diagram for storing and acquiring data of the IPFS is shown in fig. 2 and mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: a user uploads data to be stored to an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) through an IPFS command, and the IPFS processes the data and returns a unique hash value corresponding to the data;
step 2: after obtaining the unique hash value of the data, the user calls an intelligent contract on the block chain to form data uploading records of the hash value and other related information and then stores the data in the block chain;
step 3: when a user acquires data, firstly calling an intelligent contract to acquire a data uploading record from a block chain, and then acquiring corresponding data from the IPFS by using a data unique hash value in the data uploading record.
Specifically, in Step 3:
the data records include various types, such as text, files, pictures, videos, and the like.
The block chain is a HyperLegger Fabric alliance chain.
The fragments refer to a small block chain cluster composed of block chain link points with different numbers in a block chain network, each fragment has an independent block chain and a corresponding account book, each fragment stores different types of data, for example, a fragment A only stores device state data, a fragment B only stores data operation and maintenance data, and the like, data fragment storage rules are stored in the block chain, when data is stored, firstly, storage rules need to be obtained from the block chain, then, the current data is judged to be stored in which fragment according to the rules, and a simple data fragment storage process is shown in fig. 3.
The hash value of the storage content returned by the IPFS refers to a unique identifier of the storage content in the IPFS, the corresponding storage content can be obtained through the hash value, and the hash value is stored in the block chain and is mainly used for data acquisition and verification.
The Hashgraph consensus process mainly comprises the following steps: generating an event, broadcasting the event through the eight diagrams spreading protocol (gossip about gossip), and voting by adopting a virtual voting algorithm, wherein the main flow is as follows:
step 1: the event structure generated in the event generating step is shown in fig. 4, and mainly includes: the event content comprises data and an operation command acquired by intelligent equipment, a processing result after data processing operation of an edge gateway and the like;
step 2: the schematic diagram of the transmission protocol by the eight diagrams is shown in fig. 5, and the main flow of the broadcast event is as follows: the local node assembles newly received data and signature information of the data received from other nodes into an event, and then randomly sends the event to a target node; after receiving the event, the target node reads and stores the data (event content) in the event, then assembles the data in the event and the information collected from other nodes into a new event, then sends the new event to other randomly selected nodes, and repeats the process until all the nodes receive the event created at the beginning;
step 3: when all nodes receive the event created at the beginning, all nodes need to execute the virtual voting algorithm locally to reach a consensus on the event. The virtual voting algorithm mainly comprises three steps of round determination, famous witness determination and data validity voting collection, and consensus round number and consensus time determination:
(1) and (3) determining the turns: the first event sent by a node is a witness event, and the witness event is the beginning of a round (R) for the node. Assuming that after node B receives event X sent by node a, node B will select node C as the receiving node, node B creates event P (which includes data known to node B but not to node C) and sends P to node C, before creating event P, node B should check if it needs to start a new round, if event X can see most witnesses in round R, event P is the start of round R +1 and P is the witness in round R + 1. Otherwise, event P is still in R round;
(2) witness determination and data validity vote collection: when judging whether the witness in the round R is a known witness, the witness in the round R +1 is required to judge, and then the witness in the round R +2 is used to count whether the witness is a known witness and whether the data contained in the witness event in the round R is valid. If the witness of the node B of the round R +1 can see the witness of the node A of the round R, the witness of the node B of the round R +1 casts a known witness ticket to the witness of the node A of the round R. The witness of the C node of the round R +2 collects the number of tickets which can be strongly seen by the witness of the B node (or other nodes) of the round R +1 and proves that the A node is the well-known witness, and when the number of tickets exceeds two thirds of the number of the nodes, the witness of the A node is the well-known witness. When the number of tickets for which the collected data is valid exceeds the number of 1/2 nodes, then the data contained in the event is valid.
(3) Determining the number of consensus rounds and the consensus time: when the witnesses in round R all determine whether they are known witnesses, then the round of receipt of events that can be seen by all the witness in round R is R. Event P to each witness node where it is visible, the earliest event to see P, such as: if the event P is visible at the node A and the node A, B, C, the node A can see the P as soon as possible, the node B can transmit the P to the node B for the first time, the node C and the node B find out the median of the timestamps of the three events to be the consensus timestamp of the event P, and the information of the consensus timestamp, the number of consensus rounds, the effective votes obtained by the data, whether the data is effective and the like is stored in the block chain.
Wherein the terms appearing in Step3 are defined as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: when a certain event is seen by most of the visitors, the event enters the next round;
secondly, most of the methods are as follows: 2/3 exceeding the total number of nodes;
③ see: when block B can find block A along the hash pointer, B is called visible A;
and fourthly, the witness: the first event created by each node in each round is called the witness of the round;
the fifth step is that: when the event B crosses most of the events in the path of the event A, the event B is called to be strongly visible A;
sixthly, the famous witnesses: the witnesses in round R are called known witnesses if they can be seen by the vast majority of the witnesses in round R + 1.
The embodiment also provides an IIoT intelligent operation and maintenance management system based on a block chain, as shown in fig. 6, including the following parts:
the storage layer adopts a decentralized distributed storage method and is composed of a block chain and an IPFS (Internet protocol file system), the block chain is used as a storage medium, data are stored into different fragments in a fragment mode according to data types, a Hashgraph consensus mechanism is used for achieving consensus on the data in the fragments and obtaining blocks, and the IPFS is used for storing data of types such as files, pictures and videos which are not convenient to process in the block chain.
The data source layer mainly comprises various production equipment subsystem data, equipment operation and maintenance data and other extension data.
The equipment operation and maintenance data comprises equipment repair data, equipment maintenance data, equipment alarm data, equipment inspection data and the like.
The extended data comprises intelligent equipment point maps, production line facility layout maps and the like.
And the processing layer is mainly responsible for collecting data, preprocessing the data, standardizing the data and storing the data into a block chain or an IPFS.
And the interface layer provides a multi-protocol RPC interface and an SDK for data interaction of the application layer.
The RPC interface and the SDK refer to interfaces which can remotely call a block chain intelligent contract so as to realize corresponding functions.
And the application layer provides application functions for interacting with the user, including visualization, operation and maintenance management, analysis decision and other derivative functions.
The following describes a data storage and acquisition flow by taking data in a production subsystem as an example, as shown in fig. 7, the main steps are as follows:
step 1: the edge gateway calls a data acquisition interface provided by the production subsystem periodically to acquire monitoring data generated by equipment on the production line;
the monitoring data comprises information such as conveyor belt speed, camera, time, temperature and the like.
Step 2: the edge gateway calls a local processing module to carry out preprocessing and standardized operation on the data of the production subsystem;
step 3: the edge gateway calls a data storage interface in the SDK library and sends the processed data of the production subsystem to a data storage intelligent contract deployed on the block chain;
step 4: the data storage intelligent contract firstly acquires a data fragment storage rule from the block chain, and then judges a fragment number to which the production subsystem data should be stored (assuming that the production subsystem data should be stored in a fragment B);
step 5: then, the data storage intelligent contract sends the production subsystem data to the block chain nodes in the fragment B;
step 6: carrying out data forwarding on each block chain link point in the fragment B, and utilizing a Hashgraph algorithm to achieve consistency consensus on production subsystem data transmitted into the fragment B;
step 7: when a user executes the data visualization function of the production subsystem of the application layer in a browser, the application server requests corresponding data in the block chain fragment B through an interface request interface by calling a RPC interface or data in an SDK library;
step 8: and the application server returns the data obtained by the application server to the browser to perform data visualization of the production subsystem.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
The present invention has been described in detail, and it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A block chain based decentralized distributed storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring related data records, and uploading the data records to a block chain or an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) for storage through an intelligent contract of the block chain;
after the data record is uploaded to the block chain, storing the data into different fragments of the block chain according to the data type of the data record, performing consensus on the data by a Hashgraph consensus mechanism, and storing a Hash value of the stored content returned by the IPFS into a corresponding fragment as a unique identifier;
and the user acquires the required intelligent production equipment operation and maintenance data from the block chain and the IPFS through an intelligent contract.
2. The decentralized and distributed storage method according to claim 1, wherein the data types include text, file, picture, and video, the data is stored in different fragments according to the data types, a Hashgraph consensus mechanism is used to achieve consensus on the data in the fragments and generate blocks, text data is directly stored in the block chain, and an IPFS is used to store data of file, picture, and video types that are not handled by the block chain.
3. The blockchain-based decentralized distributed storage method according to claim 1, wherein the step of storing and retrieving data using IPFS comprises: a user uploads data to be stored to an IPFS (Internet protocol file system) through an IPFS command, and the IPFS processes the data and returns a unique hash value corresponding to the data; after obtaining the unique hash value of the data, the user calls an intelligent contract on the block chain, and the hash value and other related information form data to be uploaded and recorded and then are stored in the block chain; when a user acquires data, firstly calling an intelligent contract to acquire a data uploading record from a block chain, and then acquiring corresponding data from the IPFS by using a data unique hash value in the data uploading record.
4. The blockchain-based decentralized distributed storage method according to claim 1, wherein said Hashgraph consensus mechanism step comprises event generation, event broadcasting via the eight trigram propagation protocol, voting using a virtual voting algorithm.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the events generated in the event generating step mainly include: the event processing method comprises the steps of time stamp, digital signature, parent hash of the node, parent hash of other nodes and event content, wherein the event content comprises data acquired by intelligent equipment, an operation command and a processing result of an edge gateway after data processing operation.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the main flow of broadcasting events via the eight diagrams transmission protocol is as follows: the local node assembles newly received data and signature information of the data received from other nodes into an event, and then randomly sends the event to a target node; after receiving the event, the target node reads and stores the data in the event, then assembles the data in the event and the information collected from other nodes into a new event, then sends the new event to other randomly selected nodes, and repeats the above process until all the nodes receive the event created at the beginning, and after all the nodes receive the event created at the beginning, all the nodes need to execute a virtual voting algorithm locally to achieve consensus on the event.
7. The blockchain-based decentralized distributed storage method according to claim 6, wherein said virtual voting algorithm mainly comprises round determination, witness determination and data validity vote collection, consensus round number and consensus time determination.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the round determination method comprises: the first event sent by a node is a witness event, and the witness event is the beginning of a round R of the node.
9. The blockchain-based decentralized distributed storage method according to claim 8, wherein the method for witness awareness determination and data validity vote collection comprises: when judging whether the witness in the round R is a known witness, the witness in the round R +1 is required to judge, and then the witness in the round R +2 is used to count whether the witness is a known witness and whether the data contained in the witness event in the round R is valid.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the method for determining the number of consensus rounds and the consensus time comprises: when the witnesses in round R all determine whether they are known witnesses, then the round of receipt of events that can be seen by all the witness in round R is R.
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