CN114488523A - Optical display system and method for expanding holographic display eye box and field angle - Google Patents
Optical display system and method for expanding holographic display eye box and field angle Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H2001/0088—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for video-holography, i.e. integrating hologram acquisition, transmission and display
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical display system and a method for expanding holographic display eye box and field angle, wherein a holographic image generated by a holographic image generating unit as coherent light in the system is subjected to image filtering and zooming from a beam splitter prism to a relay optical system, and is subjected to multiple reflection and diffraction in propagation through a waveguide structure; the method comprises the following steps: loading the hologram corresponding to the reconstruction result by calculation to a hologram generation unit, setting a coherent light source or an incoherent light source with a preset wavelength, and transmitting the coherent light source or the incoherent light source through a relay optical system corresponding to the selected hologram calculation method; the propagated light wave is coupled into the waveguide system and the result of the hologram, in which both the eye box and the field angle have been enlarged, is observed at the coupling-out portion. The invention effectively improves the eyebox and the field angle of the hologram reconstruction result, enlarges the observable range of the hologram reconstruction result and improves the quality and experience of observing the hologram in free space.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a display method of a hologram, and more particularly, to an optical display system and method for expanding a holographic display eye box and a field angle.
Background
Holographic display technology is a technology capable of reconstructing complex amplitude light fields of three-dimensional scenes, and is therefore considered to be the most ideal next generation stereoscopic display technology. With the continuous development of computer technology and liquid crystal display technology, as long as a three-dimensional scene can be described mathematically, we can get rid of the complicated interference recording process in the traditional holography, and do not need to use the recording dry plate of the high-coherence light source system, and the computer is used for reconstructing the real existing or post-synthesis scene by means of the digital computation of the hologram.
Because the reconstruction of the hologram needs to perform filtering or zooming processing on the light wave output by the image generation unit through the relay optical system, but the size of an eye box and the size of a field angle for reconstructing the hologram are limited by optical devices such as a diaphragm and a lens introduced by the relay optical system, the range of the reconstruction result of the hologram observed by human eyes is too small, and the development of the holographic display technology is limited.
The optical waveguide imaging technology is based on the total reflection principle of the waveguide, and can easily realize the expansion of the eye box and the expansion of the imaging field angle by copying and expanding the exit pupil in the waveguide transmission process. Meanwhile, the optical waveguide has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight and high transmittance, has attracted wide attention in the field of augmented reality, and has good development potential.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide an optical display system and method for expanding a holographic display eye box and a field angle. The invention improves the traditional hologram optical display system and method by utilizing the waveguide structure, makes up the defects of the existing display system in the scope of eye boxes and field angles, effectively improves the eye boxes and the field angles of hologram reconstruction results, and enlarges the observable scope of the hologram reconstruction results.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle, which comprises a computer, a hologram generating unit, a beam splitter prism, a relay optical system, a waveguide structure and a light shadow, wherein the hologram generating unit controlled by the computer is a holographic image generated by coherent light, the holographic image passes through the beam splitter prism to the relay optical system, the relay optical system performs image filtering and zooming on the holographic image, and the holographic image is subjected to multiple reflections and diffractions in propagation through the waveguide structure, and the reflected and diffracted holographic images do not interfere with each other.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the hologram generating unit is a hologram source required by the system and is a phase type spatial light modulator or an amplitude type spatial light modulator.
The waveguide structure is composed of an in-coupling component, a steering grating, an out-coupling component and a waveguide medium, wherein the in-coupling component, the steering grating and the out-coupling component are located on the surface of the waveguide medium and are tightly attached.
The in-coupling component, the steering grating and the out-coupling component of the waveguide structure are one of a reflection type grating and a transmission type grating.
The in-coupling component, the steering grating and the out-coupling component of the waveguide structure are one of a PB liquid crystal grating, a surface relief grating or a holographic polymer body grating.
The waveguide structure includes one of a slab waveguide or a curved waveguide.
The relay optical system is an image zooming system composed of lenses and comprises a filtering system composed of lenses and one or more diaphragms.
The relay optical system is a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, wherein the relay optical system is provided with a first lens and has a focal length f1The diaphragm is arranged at the right side f of the first lens1At a distance.
The relay optical system is an image zooming system consisting of two lenses, wherein the second lens is arranged in the image zooming system, and the focal length is f2Third lens with focal length f3The third lens is arranged at the right side f of the second lens2+f3To (3).
The display method of the optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle comprises the following steps: by combining holographic display with a two-dimensional waveguide pupil expansion and utilizing exit pupil replication and expansion in the waveguide transmission process, light waves output from a hologram generation unit pass through a relay optical system (4), namely an image scaling system or a filtering system, pass through an in-coupling component in a waveguide structure, the diffraction angle after passing through the in-coupling component is larger than the total reflection angle of the waveguide, light beams are propagated in the waveguide in a total reflection manner, when passing through a steering grating, a part of light is diffracted and transmitted to the out-coupling component, the rest part of light is continuously propagated in the waveguide until being incident on the steering grating again, the light waves are diffracted and reflected for multiple times, transverse pupil expansion is realized, the light waves transmitted to the out-coupling grating realize pupil expansion in the longitudinal direction, and finally, the eye box and the large-scale expansion of the field angle are realized.
Has the advantages that: the invention improves the traditional hologram optical display system and method by utilizing the waveguide structure, makes up the defects of the existing display system in the scope of eye boxes and field angles, effectively improves the eye boxes and the field angles of hologram reconstruction results, and enlarges the observable scope of the hologram reconstruction results.
The holographic display eye box and the field angle are greatly expanded. Compared with the traditional holographic display system, the eye box and the field angle of the holographic display content obtained by the method are greatly improved, and the range of observing the hologram is correspondingly greatly improved, so that the quality and experience of observing the hologram in a free space are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system for reconstructing a hologram according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic view of a filter system comprising a lens and a diaphragm of the relay optical system according to the present invention; FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of an image zooming system consisting of two lenses of the relay optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic right view of a waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of light transmission and pupil expansion in a reflective waveguide structure according to the present invention;
figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of light transmission and pupil expansion in a transmissive waveguide structure according to the present invention.
The figure shows that: the holographic optical system comprises a computer 1, a hologram generating unit 2, a beam splitter prism 3, a relay optical system 4, a first lens 4-1, a diaphragm 4-2, a second lens 4-3, a third lens 4-4, a waveguide structure 5, an in-coupling component 5-1, a steering grating 5-2, an out-coupling component 5-3, a waveguide medium 5-4 and a light source 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as equivalent variations of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present application.
The optical display system and method for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: the computer is used for calculating the hologram corresponding to the reconstruction result, and the specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
two methods of calculating holograms are described herein, but the hologram calculation method to which the present invention is applicable is not limited to the following two methods
First, the GS Algorithm
Suppose that the hologram reconstructs the target amplitude distribution as AtThe light source wavelength is λ, and j is an imaginary unit.
(1) Starting from the hologram plane, z is 0 plane, i.e. the complex amplitude distribution of the hologram plane is
Wherein
Is at [0, 2 π]Random phase distribution or gaussian distribution.
(2) Then, the propagation of light from the holographic surface to the target plane is calculated by adopting an optical diffraction model, and the complex amplitude distribution on the target plane is obtained. The optical diffraction model can adopt an angular spectrum diffraction model or a Fresnel diffraction model, and the calculation process is as follows: let U (x, y, 0) be the complex amplitude distribution of the hologram plane z equal to 0, U (x, y, l) be the complex amplitude distribution of the target plane z equal to l, and 2 pi/λ be the wave number k.
The propagation formula of the angular spectrum diffraction model is as follows:
wherein
A(fX，fY；0)＝U(x，y，0)exp[-j2π(fXx+fYy)]dxdy
The propagation formula of the Fresnel diffraction model is as follows:
obtaining the complex amplitude distribution of the target plane according to the diffraction model formula
Wherein A isoIs the distribution of the amplitude on the target plane,
is the phase distribution on the object plane. The amplitude distribution is then discarded and replaced with the target amplitude distribution, leaving only the phase distribution, i.e. the phase distribution
(3) Then, the same optical diffraction model as (2) is adopted to calculate the propagation of light from the target plane to the holographic surface, and the complex amplitude distribution on the holographic surface is obtained
Wherein A ishIn order to have an amplitude distribution on the holographic surface,
is the phase distribution on the holographic surface. The amplitude distribution is then dropped and only the phase distribution is retained, completing one iteration.
After several iterations, the phase distribution on the hologram surface converges to an optimal value, and this optimal phase, i.e. our pure phase hologram, is able to reconstruct the amplitude of the image at the target plane.
Second, bi-phase coding algorithm
Suppose that the hologram reconstructs the target amplitude distribution as AtThe light source wavelength is λ, and j is an imaginary unit.
(1) Starting from the target plane, z ═ l, i.e. the complex amplitude distribution of the target plane is
Wherein
Is a uniform phase distribution.
(2) Then, the same optical diffraction model as that in the GS algorithm (2) is adopted to calculate the propagation of light from the target plane to the holographic surface, and the complex amplitude distribution on the holographic surface is obtained
Wherein A ishIn order to have an amplitude distribution on the holographic surface,
is the phase distribution on the whole thought surface.
(3) Then, the complex amplitude information on the holographic surface is decomposed into two pure phase information according to the following formula:
wherein
Is a constant term, AhmaxIs AhIs measured.
And
respectively as follows:
(4) defining a checkerboard pattern M1And M2Respectively as follows:
and M1And M2Satisfies M1(iΔx，jΔy)+M2(i Δ x, 1 Δ y) ═ 1. Where Δ x and Δ y are pixel intervals, which should coincide with the pixel intervals of the hologram generating unit employed.
(5) The phase hologram can then be represented as:
step 2: loading the hologram obtained in the step 1 on a hologram generating unit through a computer, wherein a light source is set as a coherent light source or an incoherent light source with a preset wavelength
And step 3: an image generation system and a relay optical system are built, the image generation system and the relay optical system are propagated to a preset imaging distance through the system, and the built image generation system and the built relay optical system are as shown in the figure, wherein:
a computer 1 connected to the hologram generating unit through a data line, and loading the calculated hologram thereon;
a hologram generation unit 2 for loading a hologram;
the light emitted by the light source can be projected onto the hologram generating unit through the light splitting prism 3;
and a relay optical system 4 into which light emitted from the hologram generating unit enters after passing through the beam splitter prism to propagate.
In some embodiments, the relay optical system is a filtering system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, as shown in FIG. 2(a), wherein the first lens 4-1 has a focal length f1A diaphragm 4-2 arranged at the right side f of the first lens 4-11At a distance.
In some embodiments, the relay optical system is a two-lens image zoom system, as shown in FIG. 2(b), where the second lens 4-3 has a focal length f2A third lens element 4-4 having a focal length f3The third lens 4-4 is arranged on the right side f of the second lens 4-32+f3To (3).
A waveguide structure 5 disposed at the relay optical system output plane;
a light source 6, the preset wavelengths of which are the same when the hologram is calculated;
when the display system is arranged, the hologram generation unit 2, the beam splitter prism 3, the relay optical system 4, and the waveguide structure 5 are on a straight line, while the light source 6 is arranged on the same side of the hologram generation unit 2 with respect to the beam splitter prism 3.
After the display system is arranged, loading the hologram on the hologram generating unit through a computer, and enabling the holographic encoding result to enter the waveguide structure after passing through the beam splitter prism and the relay optical system.
And 4, step 4: the light wave propagated in step 3 is coupled into the waveguide structure, and the hologram result in which both the eye box and the field angle have been enlarged is observed at the coupling-out portion. A right view of the waveguide structure of the system is shown in fig. 3, where:
the coupling part 5-1 is used for diffracting the light wave, and the diffraction angle is larger than the total reflection angle of the waveguide medium, so that the total reflection condition is met, the light wave is coupled into the waveguide medium and is propagated in the waveguide through total reflection;
the turning grating 5-2 is used for controlling the diffraction efficiency of the grating, so that a part of the light wave transmitted to the turning region is diffracted under the action of the grating, the rest part of the light wave is continuously reflected and transmitted in the waveguide, the diffracted light wave is transmitted to the out-coupling component, when the reflected and transmitted light reaches the turning region again, the light wave is diffracted and reflected for multiple times in the whole turning region, the diffracted and reflected light does not interfere with each other, and the pupil expansion is generated in the transverse direction;
the outcoupling component 5-3 diffracts a part of the light waves transmitted to the outcoupling region under the action of the grating by controlling the diffraction efficiency of the outcoupling grating, and the rest part of the light waves are continuously reflected and transmitted in the waveguide, the diffracted light waves do not meet the total reflection condition and are outcoupled from the waveguide, and when the reflected and transmitted light reaches the outcoupling region again, the light waves are diffracted and reflected for multiple times in the whole outcoupling region, and the diffracted and reflected light do not interfere with each other, so that the light waves are outcoupled from the waveguide while expanding the pupil longitudinally;
5-4 of waveguide medium, wherein the light propagates in the waveguide medium in a form of total reflection;
specifically, the propagation angle θ of the light beam in the waveguide satisfies the following condition:
where n1 is the refractive index of air and n2 is the refractive index of the waveguide medium.
In some embodiments, the in-coupling, turning grating and out-coupling features of the waveguide structure comprise surface relief gratings. The surface relief grating is manufactured through nano-imprinting, namely, through semiconductor micro-nano processing technologies such as etching, mould pressing and the like, and the micro-nano structure grating is formed.
In some embodiments, the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling components of the waveguide structure comprise holographic polymer volume gratings. The volume holographic grating is manufactured by a holographic interference exposure method, namely two coherent laser beams generate interference fringes and are recorded in a photosensitive material with a certain thickness to form a two-dimensional periodic volume grating.
In some embodiments, the in-coupling component, the turning grating, and the out-coupling component of the waveguide structure are reflective gratings. The principle of light transmission and pupil expansion of a reflective waveguide is shown in fig. 4, in which the in-coupling component and the out-coupling component are both reflective gratings and are located on the same side of the waveguide. It will be readily appreciated that the in-coupling and out-coupling components may both be reflective gratings, located on both sides of the waveguide, and will not be further described herein.
In some embodiments, the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling components of the waveguide structure are transmissive gratings. The principle of light transmission and pupil expansion of the transmissive waveguide is shown in fig. 5, in which the in-coupling component and the out-coupling component are both transmissive gratings and are located on the same side of the waveguide. It will be readily understood that the in-coupling and out-coupling components may both be transmissive gratings, located on both sides of the waveguide, and will not be further described herein.
In some embodiments, the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling components of the waveguide structure include reflective gratings and transmissive gratings. It will be readily understood that the incoupling component may be one of a reflective grating and a transmissive grating, the steering grating may be one of a reflective grating and a transmissive grating, and the outcoupling component may be one of a reflective grating and a transmissive grating, which will not be further described herein.
In some embodiments, the waveguide structure comprises one of a slab waveguide and a curved waveguide.
Example (b):
example 1: reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a bi-phase encoding algorithm through computer calculation, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto manufactured by Holoeye, Germany, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the image isThe spacing between elements was 8 μm. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted by the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then through a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2 f1The aperture size is 1mm × 1mm, 10 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the first lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 10cm, and the distance from the waveguide to the stop is set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a flat waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a reflective holographic polymer body grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 2: the hologram corresponding to the result is reconstructed by computer calculation and bi-phase encoding algorithm, and loaded on the phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto manufactured by Holoeye, Germany, the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 x 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 μm. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted by the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then through a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2 f1The aperture size is 1mm × 1mm, 10 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the first lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 10cm, and the distance from the waveguide to the stop is set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a transmission type holographic polymer body grating is adopted. The light emitted from the relay optical system is incident into the coupling grating, diffracted by the grating and coupled into the waveguide under the condition of total reflection of the waveguide,when the light propagates to the steering grating, the light is diffracted and reflected for multiple times in the transverse direction, namely the light reaches the outcoupling grating after the transverse pupil expansion, and the light is diffracted and coupled out of the waveguide by the outcoupling grating while the longitudinal pupil expansion is completed. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 3: the hologram corresponding to the result is reconstructed by computer calculation and bi-phase encoding algorithm, and loaded on the phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto manufactured by Holoeye, Germany, the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 x 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 μm. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted by the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then through a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2 f1The aperture size is 1mm × 1mm, 10 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the first lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 10cm, and the distance from the waveguide to the stop is set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a reflective surface relief grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 4: the hologram corresponding to the result is reconstructed by computer calculation and bi-phase encoding algorithm, and loaded on the phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto manufactured by Holoeye, Germany, the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 x 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 μm. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. Air conditionerThe light emitted by the intermediate light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through a filtering system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 2 f1The aperture size is 1mm × 1mm, 10 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the first lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 10cm, and the distance from the waveguide to the diaphragm is set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm × 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm × 2cm, and a transmission type surface relief grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 5: the hologram corresponding to the result is reconstructed by computer calculation and bi-phase encoding algorithm, and loaded on the phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto manufactured by Holoeye, Germany, the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 x 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 μm. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted from the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then through a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, as shown in fig. 2, f1The aperture size is 1mm × 1mm, 10 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the first lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 10cm, and the distance from the waveguide to the stop is set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a reflective PB liquid crystal grating is adopted. The light emitted from the relay optical system enters the in-coupling grating, is coupled into the waveguide after diffraction of the grating and meeting the total reflection condition of the waveguide, and is subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely the transverse pupil expansion, and then reaches the out-coupling grating and is outputThe coupling grating diffracts light out of the waveguide while completing the longitudinal pupil expansion. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 6: the hologram corresponding to the result is reconstructed by computer calculation and bi-phase encoding algorithm, and loaded on the phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto manufactured by Holoeye, Germany, the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 x 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 μm. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted by the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then through a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2 f1The diaphragm size is 1mm × 1mm, 10 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the first lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 10cm, and the distance from the waveguide to the stop is set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm × 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm × 2cm, and a transmission type PB liquid crystal grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
A target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 7: and reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a computer through an GS algorithm, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto produced by Holoeye corporation of Germany through the computer, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 mu m. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted by the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through an image zooming system consisting of two lenses, and the schematic diagram is as shown in the figure1，f2＝30cm，f310 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the second lens to the spatial light modulator is set to 30cm, and the distance from the center of the third lens to the center of the second lens is set to f2+f3The distance of the waveguide from the center of the third lens was set to 1cm, 40 cm. In the embodiment, a flat waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a reflective holographic polymer body grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 8: and reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a computer through an GS algorithm, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto produced by Holoeye corporation of Germany through the computer, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 mu m. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted from the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through an image zooming system composed of two lenses, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, f2＝30cm，f310 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the lens 2 to the spatial light modulator is set to 30cm, and the distance from the center of the third lens to the center of the second lens is set to f2+f3The distance of the waveguide from the center of the third lens was set to 1cm, 40 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a transmission type holographic polymer body grating is adopted. The light emitted from the relay optical system enters the coupling grating, is coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meeting the total reflection condition of the waveguide, and is transmitted to the steering gratingAnd the light is diffracted and coupled out of the waveguide while the longitudinal pupil expansion is completed by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 9: and reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a computer through an GS algorithm, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto produced by Holoeye corporation of Germany through the computer, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 mu m. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted from the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through an image zooming system composed of two lenses, as shown in fig. 1, f2＝30cm，f310 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the lens 2 to the spatial light modulator is set to 30cm, and the distance from the center of the third lens to the center of the second lens is set to f2+f3The distance of the waveguide from the center of the third lens was set to 1cm, 40 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm multiplied by 2cm, and a reflective surface relief grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 10: and reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a computer through an GS algorithm, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto produced by Holoeye corporation of Germany through the computer, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 mu m. Light source selection sheetThe color laser emits monochromatic green light with a wavelength of 532 nm. The light emitted from the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through an image zooming system composed of two lenses, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, f2＝30cm，f310 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the lens 2 to the spatial light modulator is set to 30cm, and the distance from the center of the third lens 3 to the center of the second lens is set to f2+f3The distance of the waveguide from the center of the third lens was set to 1 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm × 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm × 2cm, and a transmission type surface relief grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 11: and reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a computer through an GS algorithm, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto produced by Holoeye corporation of Germany through the computer, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 mu m. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted from the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through an image zooming system composed of two lenses, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, f2＝30cm，f310 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the lens 2 to the spatial light modulator is set to 30cm, and the distance from the center of the third lens to the center of the second lens is set to f2+f3The distance of the waveguide from the center of the third lens was set to 1cm, 40 cm. In this embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of the in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm × 4mm, the size of the out-coupling grating is 3cm × 2cm, and a reflective PB liquid crystal is adoptedAnd (4) a grating. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Example 12: and reconstructing a hologram corresponding to the result by using a computer through an GS algorithm, and loading the hologram onto a phase type spatial light modulator Holoeye Pluto produced by Holoeye corporation of Germany through the computer, wherein the specification of the phase type spatial light modulator is 1920 multiplied by 1080 pixels, and the pixel pitch is 8 mu m. The light source selects monochromatic green light with the wavelength of 532nm emitted by a monochromatic laser. The light emitted from the spatial light modulator passes through the beam splitter prism and then passes through an image zooming system composed of two lenses, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, f2＝30cm，f310 cm. The preset imaging distance l is 1cm, so the distance from the center of the lens 2 to the spatial light modulator is set to 30cm, and the distance from the center of the third lens to the center of the second lens is set to f2+f3The distance of the waveguide from the center of the third lens was set to 1cm, 40 cm. In the embodiment, a slab waveguide is adopted, the size of an in-coupling grating of the waveguide is 4mm × 4mm, the size of an out-coupling grating of the waveguide is 3cm × 2cm, and a transmission type PB liquid crystal grating is adopted. Light rays emitted from the relay optical system enter the in-coupling grating, are coupled into the waveguide after being diffracted by the grating and meet the total reflection condition of the waveguide, are subjected to multiple diffraction and reflection in the transverse direction when being transmitted to the steering grating, namely reach the out-coupling grating after expanding the pupil in the transverse direction, and diffract and couple the light out of the waveguide while finishing expanding the pupil in the longitudinal direction by the out-coupling grating. The reflection and diffraction holograms do not interfere with each other.
The target amplitude distribution is finally observed on the waveguide outcoupling portion.
Claims (10)
1. An optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle is characterized by comprising a computer (1), a hologram generating unit (2), a beam splitter prism (3), a relay optical system (4), a waveguide structure (5) and a light shadow (6), wherein the hologram generating unit (2) controlled by the computer (1) generates a hologram for coherent light, the hologram passes through the beam splitter prism (3) to the relay optical system (4), the relay optical system (4) performs image filtering and zooming on the hologram, and the hologram generates multiple reflections and diffractions in the transmission process through the waveguide structure (5), and the reflections and diffractions do not generate interference with the hologram.
2. The optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle according to claim 1, wherein the hologram generating unit (2) is a hologram image source required for the system, and is a phase type spatial light modulator or an amplitude type spatial light modulator.
3. The optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide structure (5) is composed of an in-coupling component (5-1), a turning grating (5-2), an out-coupling component (5-3) and a waveguide medium (5-4), and the in-coupling component (5-1), the turning grating (5-2) and the out-coupling component (5-3) are positioned on the surface of the waveguide medium (5-4) and are tightly attached.
4. The optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle of view of claim 3, wherein the in-coupling component, the turning grating and the out-coupling component of the waveguide structure are one of a reflective grating and a transmissive grating.
5. The optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field angle of view of claim 4, wherein the in-coupling component, the turning grating, and the out-coupling component of the waveguide structure are one of a PB liquid crystal grating, a surface relief grating, or a holographic polymer bulk grating.
6. The optical display system for expanding holographic display eye-boxes and field angles of claim 5, wherein the waveguide structure comprises one of a slab waveguide or a curved waveguide.
7. An optical display system for expanding the field angle of holographic display according to claim 1, characterized in that the relay optical system (4) is an image zoom system consisting of lenses, including a filtering system consisting of lenses and one or more diaphragms.
8. An optical display system for expanding the field of view and the holographic display eye-box according to claim 7, characterised in that the relay optical system (4) is a filter system consisting of a lens and a diaphragm, in which there is a first lens (4-1) with a focal length f1The diaphragm (4-2) is arranged on the right side f of the first lens (4-1)1At a distance.
9. An optical display system for expanding the field of view and the holographic display eye-box according to claim 7, characterised in that the relay optical system (4) is a two-lens image zoom system with a second lens (4-3) with a focal length f2A third lens (4-4) having a focal length f3The third lens (4-4) is arranged at the right side f of the second lens (4-3)2+f3To (3).
10. A display method of an optical display system for expanding the holographic display eye box and the field of view according to claim 1, characterized in that by combining the holographic display with the two-dimensional waveguide pupil expansion, by means of the exit pupil replication and expansion during the waveguide transmission, the light wave output from the hologram generating unit (2) passes through the relay optical system (4), i.e. the image scaling system or the filter system, passes through the in-coupling part in the waveguide structure (5), the diffraction angle after passing through the in-coupling part is larger than the total reflection angle of the waveguide, the light beam propagates in the waveguide by total reflection, when passing through the turning grating, a part of the light is diffracted and transmitted to the out-coupling part, the rest part of the light continues to propagate in the waveguide until being incident again on the turning grating, the light wave is diffracted and reflected for a plurality of times, realizing the lateral pupil expansion, the light wave transmitted to the out-coupling grating realizes the pupil expansion in the longitudinal direction, ultimately a large enlargement of the eye box and the field of view angle is achieved.
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