CN114488373B - Grating adjusting device, 3D display device and control method of 3D display device - Google Patents

Grating adjusting device, 3D display device and control method of 3D display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114488373B
CN114488373B CN202210192680.6A CN202210192680A CN114488373B CN 114488373 B CN114488373 B CN 114488373B CN 202210192680 A CN202210192680 A CN 202210192680A CN 114488373 B CN114488373 B CN 114488373B
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grating
viewing distance
unit
display panel
sub
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CN114488373A (en
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周如
臧远生
王盛
王辉
杨杰
郭兴奎
王一军
许徐飞
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Hefei BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Hefei BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1828—Diffraction gratings having means for producing variable diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G02B30/31—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers involving active parallax barriers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a grating adjusting device, a 3D display device and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of display. The grating adjusting device is applied to a 3D display device and comprises a plurality of grating units arranged along a first direction; the raster unit is configured to: under the condition that the grating adjusting device is powered on, the grating unit can form a light transmitting unit and a shading unit, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit can be adjusted according to the watching distance.

Description

Grating adjusting device, 3D display device and control method of 3D display device
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a grating adjusting device, a 3D display device and a control method thereof.
Background
With technological development and technological progress, 3D (three-dimensional) display technology has become an popular research field. Most of the existing 3D display devices are very troublesome in that users need to wear 3D glasses to watch, and user experience is poor. Accordingly, attention is paid to a naked eye 3D display device capable of achieving a 3D display effect without wearing 3D glasses.
At present, in the use process of the naked eye 3D display device, a user slightly moves, so that crosstalk phenomenon can occur, and the user has bad experiences such as nausea, dizziness and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a grating adjusting device, a 3D display device and a control method thereof, wherein the grating adjusting device can reduce crosstalk phenomenon in a moving process, so that user experience and product quality are improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, a grating adjusting device, a 3D display device, and a control method thereof are provided, the grating adjusting device being applied to the 3D display device, the grating adjusting device including a plurality of grating units arranged along a first direction;
the raster unit is configured to: under the condition that the grating adjusting device is powered on, the grating unit can form a light transmitting unit and a shading unit, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit can be adjusted according to the watching distance.
Optionally, the 3D display device includes a display panel, where the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array;
in the case that the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustment
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the adjustment of the grating unit, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, L is the interpupillary distance, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance.
Optionally, the 3D display device includes a display panel, where the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array;
in the case that the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustment
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the grating unit is adjusted, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance.
Optionally, the 3D display device includes a display panel and a backlight adjustment module; the display panel comprises a backlight module;
the backlight adjustment module is configured to: and under the condition that the aperture ratio of the grating unit is adjusted, adjusting the backlight brightness of the backlight module.
Optionally, when the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance, the backlight brightness of the backlight module after adjustment is adjusted
Wherein Kn is the adjusted backlight brightness, K is the initial backlight brightness, L is the interpupillary distance, sn is the adjusted viewing distance, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, and S is the initial viewing distance.
Optionally, when the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distance, the backlight brightness of the backlight module after adjustment is adjusted
Wherein Kn is the adjusted backlight brightness, K is the initial backlight brightness, sn is the adjusted viewing distance, and S is the initial viewing distance.
Optionally, the grating adjusting device includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first substrate and a second substrate that are disposed opposite to each other, where the first electrode layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate that is close to the second substrate, and the second electrode layer is disposed on a side of the second substrate that is close to the first substrate;
the first electrode layer comprises a first sub-electrode layer and a second sub-electrode layer which are arranged in a stacked manner, the first sub-electrode layer comprises a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged along the first direction, the second sub-electrode layer comprises a plurality of second sub-electrodes arranged along the first direction, and orthographic projections of the first sub-electrodes on the first substrate and orthographic projections of the second sub-electrodes on the first substrate are alternately arranged;
the grating adjusting device further comprises a plurality of first driving lines and a plurality of second driving lines; the grating unit comprises a plurality of first sub-electrodes and a plurality of second sub-electrodes; each of the first sub-electrodes is electrically connected to a different one of the first driving lines, and each of the second sub-electrodes is electrically connected to a different one of the second driving lines.
Optionally, the grating adjusting device further comprises at least one driving unit; the first and second driving lines are electrically connected to at least one of the driving units.
Optionally, the grating adjusting device further comprises a grating region and a non-grating region connected with the grating region;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are arranged in the grating region, and the plurality of first driving lines and the plurality of second driving lines are arranged in the non-grating region.
In another aspect, there is provided a 3D display device including: a display panel and the grating adjusting device; the grating adjusting device is arranged opposite to the display panel.
Optionally, the 3D display device includes an eye tracking module configured to obtain the viewing distance.
In still another aspect, a control method of the 3D display device is provided, where the 3D display device includes a grating adjusting device and an eye tracking module; the grating adjusting device comprises a plurality of grating units which are arranged along a first direction;
the control method comprises the following steps:
the eyeball tracking module acquires a viewing distance;
the grating unit adjusts the aperture ratio according to the viewing distance.
Optionally, the 3D display device further includes a display panel and a backlight adjustment module; the display panel comprises a backlight module;
after the grating unit adjusts the aperture ratio according to the viewing distance, the control method further includes:
the backlight adjusting module adjusts backlight brightness according to the aperture ratio and controls the backlight module according to the backlight brightness.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a grating adjusting device applied to a 3D display device, the grating adjusting device including a plurality of grating units arranged along a first direction; the raster unit is configured to: under the condition that the grating adjusting device is powered on, the grating unit can form a light transmitting unit and a shading unit, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit can be adjusted according to the watching distance. According to the method and the device, the sizes of the light transmitting units and the light shielding units formed by the grating units can be adjusted in real time in the moving process of the user, so that the positions of the viewpoints after moving are matched as much as possible, the crosstalk phenomenon in the moving process is reduced, and the user experience and the product quality are improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and may be implemented according to the content of the specification in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and in order to make the above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present application will be given.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D display device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating adjusting device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 3D display according to an embodiment of the present application;
in fig. 5, a is a schematic diagram when crosstalk does not occur, b is a schematic diagram after the viewing distance is reduced, and c is a schematic diagram after the viewing distance is increased;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of implementing 3D display when a human eye approaches a display panel according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of implementing 3D display when a human eye is far away from a display panel according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel BM and a light-shielding unit center line of a grating adjusting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 and fig. 10 are schematic structural diagrams of two first sub-electrodes and two second sub-electrodes according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the words "first," "second," and the like are used to distinguish between the same item or similar items that have substantially the same function and function, and are merely used to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying that the number of technical features indicated is indicated.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the term "upper" or the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and is not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a grating adjusting apparatus applied to a 3D display device, and referring to fig. 1, the grating adjusting apparatus 100 includes a plurality of grating units 20 arranged along a first direction (OA direction shown in fig. 2).
Referring to fig. 3, the grating unit 20 is configured to: in the case where the grating adjustment apparatus 100 is powered on, the grating unit 20 can form the light transmitting unit 21 and the light shielding unit 22, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit 20 can be adjusted according to the viewing distance.
The above-mentioned grating modulation device may include a liquid crystal grating modulation device, and the type thereof may be a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal grating modulation device. In the case that the grating adjusting device is a TN-type liquid crystal grating adjusting device, the light-transmitting unit and the light-shielding unit can be formed by changing the torsion condition of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer between the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer in the TN-type liquid crystal grating adjusting device to change the light output amount of the light after passing through the grating adjusting device.
When the grating adjusting device is powered on, referring to fig. 3, the grating unit 20 can form a light transmitting unit 21 and a light shielding unit 22, the light transmitting unit can transmit light (corresponding to an opening of the grating unit), and the light shielding unit cannot transmit light; the plurality of grating units cooperate to ultimately form a grating having a plurality of openings. The aperture ratio of the grating unit is the area of the light transmitting unit/(the area of the light transmitting unit+the area of the light shielding unit).
The above-mentioned grating adjusting device is applied to a 3D display device, and referring to fig. 1, the 3D display device includes a display panel 200 and a grating adjusting device 100, where the grating adjusting device 100 is disposed opposite to the display panel 200. The grating adjusting device may be disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel, and in this case, the grating adjusting device may be referred to as a front-end grating; alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the grating adjusting device 100 may be disposed at the backlight side of the display panel 200, and in this case, the grating adjusting device may be referred to as a rear grating, which is not limited herein.
The principle of realizing 3D display will be described below taking an example in which the grating adjusting device is provided on the backlight side of the display panel. Referring to fig. 4, positions of left and right eyes of a user are respectively marked as a viewpoint 1 and a viewpoint 2 (i.e., the number of viewpoints n is 2), a distance between the eyes is an interpupillary distance L, an initial viewing distance (i.e., a distance between the eyes and the display panel) is marked as S, a distance between the display panel 200 and the grating adjusting device 100 is a placement height h, a width of a single pixel unit in the display panel 200 along a first direction (OA direction) is P, a width of the grating unit 20 in the grating adjusting device 100 along the first direction (OA direction) is C (also referred to as Pitch C), a width of the light transmitting unit 21 along the first direction (OA direction) is a, and a width of the light shielding unit 22 along the first direction (OA direction) is C-a. It should be noted that, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the pixel units may include a plurality of sub-pixels, for example: red (R), green (G), or blue (B) sub-pixels.
In fig. 4, by controlling the opening size and the opening position of the grating unit, when the first display area A1 of the display panel is viewed by the viewpoint 1, the light transmitting unit 21 is corresponding, and when the first display area A1 of the display panel is viewed by the viewpoint 2, the first display area A1 is visible by the viewpoint 1 and the first display area A1 cannot be seen by the viewpoint 2 corresponding to the light shielding unit 22, i.e. at the same viewing time. Similarly, the aperture size and the aperture position of the grating unit may be controlled such that the second display area A2 is visible to the viewpoint 2 and the second display area A2 is not visible to the viewpoint 1 at the same viewing time. In this way, the image of the first display area A1 seen by the viewpoint 1 and the image of the second display area A2 seen by the viewpoint 2 may generate parallax, thereby forming stereoscopic vision and realizing 3D display.
Referring to fig. 4, the geometrical relationship of the triangle can be obtained:
h/(h+S)＝P/L (1)
C/nP＝(S+h)/S (2)
a/P＝(S+h)/S (3)
through formulas (1), (2) and (3), c=npl/(L-P) (4), h=sp/(L-P) (5) and a/c=1/n (6) can be obtained, the viewpoint number n can be 2, and the width C and the placement height h of the grating unit in the first direction in the grating adjusting device can be determined with reference to formulas (4) and (5), respectively. In the formula (6), when the viewpoint number n is 2, the width of the light transmitting unit along the first direction in the grating unit is the same as the width of the light shielding unit along the first direction.
Taking a 3D display device of 10.95 inches as an example, the pixel width p= 92.13um, the interpupillary distance l=65 mm, and the observation distance s=450 mm are all constant values, so that the grating adjusting device Pitch c= 184.52um and the placement height h=0.958 mm can be calculated. It can also be derived from fig. 4: so a=c-a, i.e. when viewed at the initial viewing distance (the optimal viewing distance), the aperture ratio of the grating unit is a/c=50%, i.e. when moving horizontally left and right, the theoretical maximum crosstalk is about 5%, which corresponds to the expected value.
In practical use of the 3D display device, crosstalk is caused in various cases.
One such case is crosstalk caused by a change in viewing distance. Referring to fig. 5, a diagram a is a view diagram of an optimal viewing distance, in which case, crosstalk does not occur, wherein a first display area A1 can be seen by a viewpoint 1 (left eye) and a second display area A2 can be seen by a right eye. And b is a view line diagram when the viewing distance is shortened, if the structure of the grating adjusting device is kept unchanged after the viewing distance is shortened, the first display area A1 and part of other display areas on the left side of the first display area A1 can be seen by the view point 1 (left eye), and the second display area A2 and part of other display areas on the right side of the second display area A2 can be seen by the view point 2 (right eye), so that crosstalk is formed. And C is a view line diagram when the viewing distance becomes long, and after the viewing distance becomes long, if the structure of the grating adjusting device remains unchanged, the view point 1 (left eye) can see all the first display area A1, part of other display areas on the left side of the first display area A1, and part of the second display area A2, and the view point 2 (right eye) can see all the second display area A2, part of other display areas on the right side of the second display area A2, and part of the first display area A1, so that crosstalk is formed. Namely, the viewing distance changes (including becoming far or near), the condition of the display area which can be viewed by the user changes, so that crosstalk phenomenon occurs, and bad experiences such as nausea and dizziness of the user are caused.
In order to solve the problem, the aperture ratio of the grating unit in the grating adjusting device may be controlled according to the movement of the viewpoint, thereby matching the moved viewpoint. In an embodiment provided by the invention, the grating unit is configured to: when the grating adjusting device is powered on, the aperture ratio of the grating unit can be adjusted according to the viewing distance. Therefore, part of the light transmitting unit is converted into the light shielding unit, the area of the light shielding unit is increased, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit is reduced. Referring to fig. 5, a part of the light transmitting unit is converted into a light shielding unit, and the opening of the adjusted grating unit becomes smaller; after adjustment, the view point 1 can only see the first display area, and the view point 2 can only see the second display area, so that the consistency of the viewing effect after the view point moves is ensured as much as possible, and the crosstalk phenomenon is reduced. In the moving process of the user, the sizes of the light transmitting units and the light shielding units formed by the grating units can be adjusted in real time, so that the positions of the moved viewpoints are matched as much as possible, the crosstalk phenomenon in the moving process is reduced, and the user experience and the product quality are improved.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 1, the 3D display device includes a display panel 200, and the display panel 200 includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array.
In the case that the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustmentWherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the adjustment of the grating unit, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, L is the interpupillary distance, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance. Thus, when the user approaches the display panel, the aperture ratio can be adjusted according to the viewing distance.
The display panel may be an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display panel), and the specific type of the display panel is not limited herein.
The above-described initial viewing distance, i.e., the distance between the eyes and the display panel, and at which 3D display can be well achieved, is also referred to as an optimal viewing distance.
Next, with reference to fig. 6, it is specifically described how the aperture ratio after the grating unit adjustment is obtained in the case where the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance.
From the following componentsAnd->Can be obtained by (I)>
And the calculation formula of An and ARn is as follows:
wherein X is a distance between the first direction (OA direction) viewpoint 1 and the pixel unit corresponding thereto under the initial viewing distance, Y is a distance between the first direction (OA direction) viewpoint 1 and the light shielding unit corresponding thereto under the initial viewing distance, yn is a distance between the first direction viewpoint 1 and the light shielding unit corresponding thereto under the adjusted viewing distance, h is a placement height h between the display panel 200 and the grating adjusting device 100, and a is a width of the light transmitting unit along the first direction (OA direction). ΔYn=Y-Yn in FIG. 6.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 1, the 3D display device includes a display panel 200, and the display panel 200 includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array.
In the case that the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustmentWherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the grating unit is adjusted, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance. Thus, when the user approaches the display panel, the aperture ratio can be adjusted according to the viewing distance.
Next, with reference to fig. 7, it is specifically described how the aperture ratio after the grating unit adjustment is obtained in the case where the viewing distance is larger than the initial viewing distance.
From the following componentsAnd->Can be obtained by (I)>
Further, since ΔYn=Yn-Y, the method is Wherein X is the distance between the first direction (OA direction) viewpoint 1 and the corresponding pixel unit under the initial viewing distance, Y is the distance between the first direction (OA direction) viewpoint 1 and the corresponding light shielding unit under the initial viewing distance, yn is the distance between the first direction viewpoint 1 and the corresponding light shielding unit under the adjusted viewing distance, and h is the distance between the display panel 200 and the corresponding light shielding unitThe distance between the grating adjusting devices 100 is the placement height h, and a is the width of the light transmitting unit along the first direction (OA direction). ΔYn=Y-Yn in FIG. 7.
Optionally, the 3D display device includes a display panel and a backlight adjustment module; the display panel comprises a backlight module; the backlight adjustment module is configured to: and under the condition that the aperture ratio of the grating unit is adjusted, the backlight brightness of the backlight module is adjusted. Thus, the backlight brightness when the aperture ratio is adjusted can be made to be consistent with the backlight brightness when the aperture ratio is not adjusted.
The structure of the backlight unit is not particularly limited. For example, the backlight module may include a side-in backlight structure; alternatively, the backlight module may include a direct type backlight structure.
The structure, position, etc. of the backlight adjustment module are not particularly limited. For example, the backlight adjustment module described above may be integrated with Tcon (Timer Control Register, central control board).
Referring to fig. 5, an initial viewing distance (optimal viewing distance) S is defined between the user and the display panel in the a-chart, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit is the maximum. When the user approaches the display panel as in fig. b or moves away from the display panel as in fig. c, the aperture ratio of the grating unit is reduced to solve the crosstalk, and the brightness of the display panel in fig. b and c is reduced compared with the brightness of the display panel in fig. a, which affects the viewing effect. Therefore, when the aperture ratio of the grating unit is reduced, the backlight brightness needs to be correspondingly improved, and the brightness of the display panel is kept unchanged basically, so that the viewing experience is improved.
Optionally, in the case that the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance, the backlight brightness of the backlight module after adjustment is adjustedWherein Kn is the adjusted backlight brightness, K is the initial backlight brightness, L is the interpupillary distance, sn is the adjusted viewing distance, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, and S is the initial viewing distance. Thereby when the user approaches the display panel, the opening ratio can be adjustedBacklight brightness.
In the following, it is specifically described how the adjusted backlight luminance is obtained in the case where the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance.
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the grating unit adjustment.
Optionally, when the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distance, the backlight brightness of the backlight module after adjustment is adjustedWherein Kn is the adjusted backlight brightness, K is the initial backlight brightness, sn is the adjusted viewing distance, and S is the initial viewing distance. Thus, when the user is far away from the display panel, the backlight brightness can be adjusted according to the aperture ratio.
In the following, it is specifically described how the adjusted backlight luminance is obtained in the case where the viewing distance is larger than the initial viewing distance.
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the grating unit adjustment.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 1, the grating modulating device 100 includes a first electrode layer 3, a second electrode layer 4, and a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 disposed opposite to each other, where the first electrode layer 3 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 1 adjacent to the second substrate 2, and the second electrode layer 4 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 2 adjacent to the first substrate 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the first electrode layer 3 includes a first sub-electrode layer 31 and a second sub-electrode layer 32 which are stacked, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first sub-electrode layer 31 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 33 arranged in a first direction, and the second sub-electrode layer 32 includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes 34 arranged in the first direction (OA direction in fig. 2), and orthographic projections of the first sub-electrodes 33 on the first substrate 1 and orthographic projections of the second sub-electrodes 32 on the first substrate 1 are alternately arranged.
Referring to fig. 2, the grating adjusting apparatus further includes a plurality of first driving lines 41 and a plurality of second driving lines 42; the grating unit 20 includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes 33 and a plurality of second sub-electrodes 34; each first sub-electrode 33 is electrically connected to a different first drive line 41, and each second sub-electrode 34 is electrically connected to a different second drive line 42.
Naked eye 3D technology is mainly divided into two main categories: binocular parallax techniques and original light field techniques are reproduced. The main principle of the binocular parallax reproduction technology is as follows: the left and right eyes of the user are respectively made to receive two images having parallax, and the two images are synthesized into a 3D image in the brain of the user. Based on this, the 3D image may be generated by mapping images having parallax to the left and right eyes of the user, respectively, by performing some processing on the display panel. The electronic grating is one of the binocular parallax naked eye 3D technology, and referring to FIG. 1, the technology adopts a 2D display panel to match a TN type liquid crystal grating adjusting device to achieve a 3D effect, wherein the TN type liquid crystal grating adjusting device adopts double-layer electrodes (namely a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer), and an electric field is generated between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to drive liquid crystal to deflect so as to control different areas to transmit light or not transmit light, so that the left eye and the right eye of a user respectively receive different images, and the 3D display effect is achieved. On this basis, referring to fig. 8, when the user's viewpoint is at the initial viewing distance (optimal viewing distance), the center of the Black Matrix (BM) on the display panel coincides with the center of the light shielding unit of the TN type liquid crystal grating adjusting device. Wherein L is the center line of the light shielding unit and BM.
The second electrode layer may include a third sub-electrode disposed entirely as shown in fig. 1; under the condition of electrifying, the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode respectively form an electric field with the third sub-electrode, so that the torsion condition of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is changed, and the light output quantity of light passing through the grating adjusting device is changed, so that a light transmitting unit and a light shielding unit are formed.
In the first electrode layer, the first sub-electrode layer 31 may be disposed on a side of the second sub-electrode layer 32 close to the first substrate 1 as shown in fig. 1, or the first sub-electrode layer may be disposed on a side of the second sub-electrode layer away from the first substrate, which is not limited herein.
The width of the first sub-electrode along the first direction and the width of the second sub-electrode along the first direction are not limited, and may be specifically selected according to the size of the display panel. For example, for a 10.95 inch 3D display device, the raster unit may include 20 first sub-electrodes (labeled S2, S4, S6 … … S40 in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively) and 20 second sub-electrodes (labeled S1, S3, S5 … … S39 in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively) as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10,
The orthographic projection of the first sub-electrode on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate are alternately arranged, and the orthographic projection of the first sub-electrode on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate may be partially overlapped or not overlapped, which is not limited herein. Due to the limitation of the related process, the boundary of the first sub-electrode and the boundary of the second sub-electrode are partially overlapped along the direction perpendicular to the first substrate, so that the orthographic projection of the first sub-electrode on the first substrate is partially overlapped with the orthographic projection of the second sub-electrode on the first substrate.
Taking the first sub-electrode layer as shown in fig. 1 and disposed on the side of the second sub-electrode layer close to the first substrate as an example, the portion of the first sub-electrode overlapping the second sub-electrode in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate (for example, the black mark portion ss of the first sub-electrode labeled S2 in fig. 10) is an inactive electrode, and is shielded by the second sub-electrode, so as not to act on the liquid crystal; the part of the first sub-electrode, which is not overlapped with the second sub-electrode along the direction vertical to the first substrate, is an effective electrode, so that the rotation of the liquid crystal can be controlled; the second sub-electrode is closer to the liquid crystal layer than the first sub-electrode, and is not affected by the first sub-electrode, and therefore, the second sub-electrode is all effective electrodes, and liquid crystal rotation can be controlled. In fig. 10, the grating modulation device may further comprise an insulating layer 30 in order to avoid that the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode interact.
Of course, if the first sub-electrode layer is disposed on the side of the second sub-electrode layer away from the first substrate, at this time, the first sub-electrode is closer to the liquid crystal layer than the second sub-electrode, and all of the first sub-electrodes are effective electrodes, so that the rotation of the liquid crystal can be controlled; the part of the second sub-electrode, which is overlapped with the first sub-electrode along the direction vertical to the first substrate, is an ineffective electrode, and is shielded by the first sub-electrode, so that the liquid crystal is not affected; the part of the second sub-electrode, which is not overlapped with the first sub-electrode along the direction vertical to the first substrate, is an effective electrode, so that the rotation of the liquid crystal can be controlled.
The shapes of the first and second sub-electrodes are not limited, and exemplary shapes of the first and second sub-electrodes may include a bar shape as shown in fig. 2, and a cross-sectional shape thereof may include a rectangle, a square, a positive trapezoid, an inverted trapezoid, or the like. Fig. 1, 9 and 10 illustrate the cross-section of the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode as rectangular.
Optionally, in order to provide drive signals to the first drive line and the second drive line, the grating adjustment device further comprises at least one drive unit; the first driving line and the second driving line are electrically connected to at least one driving unit.
The specific number of the driving units is not limited here, and one driving unit 5 may be included as shown in fig. 2, or a plurality of driving units may be included, for example. The driving unit may include a driving chip (IC) that may be directly connected to the first driving line and the second driving line to provide a driving voltage signal. Referring to fig. 1, the grating adjusting apparatus further includes an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit, flexible printed circuit board) 6, and the driving unit 5 may be bound to the FPC 6.
Each of the above-described groups of first driving lines may be electrically connected to one driving unit as shown in fig. 2, or each of the groups of first driving lines may be divided into two parts, one part being electrically connected to one driving unit and the other part being electrically connected to the other driving unit, which is not limited herein. Similarly, each of the above-mentioned groups of second driving lines may be electrically connected to one driving unit as shown in fig. 2, or each of the groups of second driving lines may be divided into two parts, one part being electrically connected to one driving unit and the other part being electrically connected to the other driving unit, which is not limited herein.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the grating adjusting device further includes a grating area G1, and a non-grating area G2 connected to the grating area G1; the first electrode layer (including the first sub-electrode 33) and the second electrode layer (including the second sub-electrode 34) are disposed in the grating region G1, and the plurality of first driving lines 33 and the plurality of second driving lines 34 are disposed in the non-grating region G2.
Of course, the first driving line and the second driving line may also be disposed in the grating region; however, if the first driving line and the second driving line are disposed in the grating region, a luminance moire may be formed to affect the grating unit, and thus, the first driving line and the second driving line may be selectively disposed in the non-grating region.
In order to reduce wiring arrangement and simplify the process, one end of the first sub-electrode extends to the non-grating area and is connected with the corresponding first driving wire; one end of the second sub-electrode extends to the non-grating area and is connected with the corresponding second driving line, so that the first sub-electrode can be electrically connected with the first driving line without additional lead wires, and the second sub-electrode is electrically connected with the second driving line, and the method is simple and easy to realize.
Alternatively, in order to increase the light output of the grating adjusting device, the materials of the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode include a transparent conductive material, which may include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), for example.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode include stripe-shaped electrodes. The shape of the cross section of the strip electrode may include rectangular, square, regular trapezoid, inverted trapezoid, etc.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a 3D display device, which is shown by referring to FIG. 1, and comprises: a display panel 200 and the above-described grating adjusting apparatus 100; the grating adjusting device 100 is disposed opposite to the display panel 200.
The grating adjusting device may be disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel, and in this case, the grating adjusting device may be referred to as a front-end grating; alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the grating adjusting device 100 may be disposed at the backlight side of the display panel 200, and in this case, the grating adjusting device may be referred to as a rear grating, which is not limited herein.
The type of the display panel is not limited, and may be a liquid crystal display panel of a TN (Twisted Nematic), VA (vertical alignment), IPS (In-Plane Switching) or ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch, advanced super-dimensional field Switching) type, or the like, and is not limited herein. In addition, if the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, the 3D display device may further include a backlight module for providing backlight. In the case where the grating adjusting device is disposed at the backlight side of the display panel, the backlight module may be disposed at the backlight side of the grating adjusting device. Of course, in the case that the grating adjusting device is disposed on the light emitting side of the display panel, the backlight module may be disposed on the backlight side of the display panel.
The 3D display device can greatly reduce crosstalk phenomenon in the moving process, so that user experience and product quality are greatly improved.
Optionally, in order to track the movement of the eyeball in real time, the 3D display device includes an eyeball tracking module configured to acquire the viewing distance.
The eyeball tracking module can comprise a camera, the grating adjusting device can analyze information such as eyeball position and the like according to shooting information of the eyeball tracking module and related eyeball tracking technology, so that viewing distance is obtained according to the information such as eyeball position and the like, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit is adjusted in real time, so that the moved viewpoint position is matched as much as possible, crosstalk phenomenon in the moving process is reduced, and user experience and product quality are improved.
The 3D display device is formed by using the grating adjusting device, and has the advantages that free switching between 2D display and 3D display can be realized, and when the 2D display is performed, the grating adjusting device is closed, so that the influence on the 2D display transmittance is small.
However, the resolution of the 3D display device is reduced, the transmittance is reduced, and the viewing angle of the 3D display is small. In order to solve the problem of small 3D display visual angle, the improvement is realized by utilizing the human eye recognition tracking technology, namely, the human eye tracking device is additionally arranged and used for acquiring the position information of the current eyeball of the viewer in front of the display panel in real time in the 3D display mode, and the opening position of the grating unit in the grating adjusting device is adjusted according to the position information, so that the user can watch the 3D image, namely, the human eye tracking can greatly improve the 3D visual angle. Taking a 10.95 inch 3D display device as an example, without a human eye tracking device, the 3D viewing angle of a single eye is only 1.7 ° (crosstalk < 10%); after the eye tracking device is additionally arranged, the single-eye 3D visual angle is 90 degrees (crosstalk is less than 10%).
On the basis of the embodiment of the invention, the eyeball tracking module can acquire the viewing distance, so that the 3D viewing angle can be greatly improved, and the sizes of the light transmitting units and the light shielding units formed by the grating units can be adjusted in real time when a user moves far and near, so that the positions of the moved viewpoints can be matched as much as possible, the crosstalk phenomenon in the moving process is reduced, and the user experience and the product quality are improved.
Optionally, the display panel includes a touch display panel, as shown in fig. 1, and the grating adjusting device 100 is disposed on a backlight side of the display panel 200; therefore, the influence of the grating adjusting device on the touch effect can be avoided, and the touch quality is improved.
The touch display panel may adopt a TDDI (integrated touch and display) touch technology, and the touch structure is not limited herein, and may be obtained according to related technologies.
Optionally, in order to achieve the 3D display effect, referring to fig. 1, the grating adjustment device 100 includes a grating area G1, and a non-grating area G2 connected to the grating area G1; the display panel 200 includes a display area AA, and a non-display area BB connected to the display area AA; wherein the display area AA covers the grating area G1, and the non-display area BB covers the non-grating area G2.
The display area of the display panel is used for setting pixels so as to realize display; the non-display area is used for setting a driving circuit and the like.
Alternatively, for simplifying the process, referring to fig. 1, the grating adjustment device 100 includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 disposed opposite to each other, and the display panel 200 includes a third substrate 9 and a fourth substrate 10 disposed opposite to each other; the second substrate 2 is bonded to the third substrate, and by way of example, the double-sided tape 13 shown in fig. 1 may be used. In addition, in order to avoid the influence of external stray light, referring to fig. 1, a first polarizing layer 16 may be further disposed on the outer side of the first substrate 1 of the grating adjusting device 100. If the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, referring to fig. 1, the display panel may further include a second polarizing layer 11 and a third polarizing layer 12, where the second polarizing layer 11 is disposed on a side of the third substrate 9 close to the second substrate 2, and the third polarizing layer 12 is disposed on a side of the fourth substrate 10 far from the third substrate 9.
Of course, as shown in fig. 1, the display panel may further include a color film layer 17, a first frame sealing adhesive 15, a driving chip 7, a circuit board 8, and other structures; the grating adjusting device may further include a second frame sealing adhesive 14, an insulating layer 30, and the like. Only matters related to the point of the invention will be described herein, and the remaining structures can be obtained with reference to the related art.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a control method of the 3D display device.
The 3D display device comprises a grating adjusting device and an eyeball tracking module; the grating adjustment device includes a plurality of grating units arranged along a first direction.
The control method comprises the following steps:
s1, the eyeball tracking module acquires a viewing distance.
The type, structure, position, etc. of the eye tracking module are not particularly limited. By way of example, the eye tracking module may be integrated with Tcon (Timer Control Register, central control board); the eye tracking module may include an infrared camera.
S2, the grating unit adjusts the aperture ratio according to the viewing distance.
The following specifically describes how the aperture ratio is adjusted according to the viewing distance.
And calculating voltage values required by the electrodes in the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer according to the opening ratio ARn adjusted by the theoretically obtained grating unit, and then respectively applying corresponding voltages to the corresponding electrodes to adjust the required ARn.
Setting n (n is even number) electrodes in one grating Pitch C of the grating adjusting device, wherein the width of each electrode is t, C=n×t, starting a 3D display mode, and enabling an eyeball of a user to be at an initial viewing distance (optimal viewing distance), wherein the grating aperture ratio is 50%. At this time, the n/2 electrode in the first electrode layer applies the same voltage as the second electrode layer, and this part of the liquid crystal does not deflect, forming a light transmitting unit; the remaining n/2 electrodes in the first electrode layer apply a voltage different from the second electrode layer (which voltage needs to be greater than or equal to the minimum voltage to maximize the liquid crystal deflection), which is deflected to form a light shielding cell.
Further, tracking and capturing the human eye position by an infrared camera to obtain an adjusted grating aperture opening ratio ARn; and calculating the width a=c×arn of the light transmitting unit along the first direction according to ARn. Since the number m=a/t of the electrodes in the first electrode layer in the corresponding opening position, the width of the electrodes in the first electrode layer is limited by the influence of equipment process and the like, and cannot be infinitely reduced, the number of the electrodes in the actual first electrode layer needs to be rounded up to m, then the same voltage as that of the second electrode layer is applied to the m electrodes, and the liquid crystal is not deflected to form a light transmission unit; and applying a voltage different from that of the second electrode layer to the n m electrodes (the voltage is required to be greater than or equal to the minimum voltage for enabling the liquid crystal to deflect to the maximum), and deflecting part of the liquid crystal to form a shading unit, so as to obtain the final grating opening ratio ARn' = [ m ] t/C.
Optionally, the 3D display device further includes a display panel and a backlight adjustment module; the display panel comprises a backlight module.
After the grating unit adjusts the aperture ratio according to the viewing distance, the control method further includes:
s3, the backlight adjusting module adjusts backlight brightness according to the aperture ratio and controls the backlight module according to the backlight brightness.
The structure of the backlight unit is not particularly limited. For example, the backlight module may include a side-in backlight structure; alternatively, the backlight module may include a direct type backlight structure.
The structure, position, etc. of the backlight adjustment module are not particularly limited. For example, the backlight adjustment module described above may be integrated with Tcon (Timer Control Register, central control board).
The following describes in detail how to adjust the backlight luminance according to the aperture ratio.
And calculating the corresponding backlight brightness K 'according to the ARn', wherein the 3D display device is also provided with a variable resistance device, and the size of backlight current or voltage is controlled by adjusting the resistance value of a variable resistor in the variable resistance device so as to obtain the required backlight brightness.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting thereof; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.

Claims (11)

1. A grating adjustment device, characterized in that it is applied to a 3D display device, the grating adjustment device comprising a plurality of grating units arranged along a first direction;
the raster unit is configured to: under the condition that the grating adjusting device is powered on, the grating unit can form a light transmission unit and a shading unit, and the aperture ratio of the grating unit can be adjusted according to the watching distance;
the 3D display device comprises a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units which are arranged in an array;
at the viewUnder the condition that the distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustment
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the adjustment of the grating unit, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, L is the interpupillary distance, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance;
the 3D display device comprises a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units which are arranged in an array;
in the case that the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustment
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the grating unit is adjusted, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance.
2. The grating-adjustment device of claim 1, wherein the 3D display device comprises a display panel and a backlight-adjustment module; the display panel comprises a backlight module;
the backlight adjustment module is configured to: and under the condition that the aperture ratio of the grating unit is adjusted, adjusting the backlight brightness of the backlight module.
3. The grating-adjusting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the backlight brightness after the backlight module is adjusted in a case where the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance
Wherein Kn is the adjusted backlight brightness, K is the initial backlight brightness, L is the interpupillary distance, sn is the adjusted viewing distance, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, and S is the initial viewing distance.
4. The grating-adjusting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the backlight brightness after the backlight module is adjusted in a case where the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distanceWherein Kn is the adjusted backlight brightness, K is the initial backlight brightness, sn is the adjusted viewing distance, and S is the initial viewing distance.
5. The grating modulation device according to claim 1, wherein the grating modulation device comprises a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, the first electrode layer being disposed on a side of the first substrate adjacent to the second substrate, the second electrode layer being disposed on a side of the second substrate adjacent to the first substrate;
the first electrode layer comprises a first sub-electrode layer and a second sub-electrode layer which are arranged in a stacked manner, the first sub-electrode layer comprises a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged along the first direction, the second sub-electrode layer comprises a plurality of second sub-electrodes arranged along the first direction, and orthographic projections of the first sub-electrodes on the first substrate and orthographic projections of the second sub-electrodes on the first substrate are alternately arranged;
The grating adjusting device further comprises a plurality of first driving lines and a plurality of second driving lines; the grating unit comprises a plurality of first sub-electrodes and a plurality of second sub-electrodes; each of the first sub-electrodes is electrically connected to a different one of the first driving lines, and each of the second sub-electrodes is electrically connected to a different one of the second driving lines.
6. The grating adjustment device of claim 5, further comprising at least one drive unit; the first and second driving lines are electrically connected to at least one of the driving units.
7. The grating modulation device of claim 6, further comprising a grating region, and a non-grating region coupled to the grating region;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are arranged in the grating region, and the plurality of first driving lines and the plurality of second driving lines are arranged in the non-grating region.
8. A 3D display device comprising a display panel and the grating adjustment device of any one of claims 1-7; the grating adjusting device is arranged opposite to the display panel.
9. The 3D display device of claim 8, wherein the 3D display device comprises an eye tracking module configured to obtain a viewing distance.
10. A method of controlling a 3D display device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the 3D display device comprises a raster adjustment device and an eye tracking module; the grating adjusting device comprises a plurality of grating units which are arranged along a first direction;
the control method comprises the following steps:
the eyeball tracking module acquires a viewing distance;
the grating unit adjusts the aperture ratio according to the viewing distance;
the 3D display device comprises a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units which are arranged in an array;
in the case that the viewing distance is smaller than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustment
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the adjustment of the grating unit, P is the width of a single pixel unit in the display panel along the first direction, L is the interpupillary distance, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance;
the 3D display device comprises a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units which are arranged in an array;
in the case that the viewing distance is greater than the initial viewing distance, the aperture ratio of the grating unit after adjustment
Wherein ARn is the aperture ratio after the grating unit is adjusted, S is the initial viewing distance, and Sn is the adjusted viewing distance.
11. The method for controlling a 3D display device according to claim 10, wherein the 3D display device further comprises a display panel and a backlight adjustment module; the display panel comprises a backlight module;
after the grating unit adjusts the aperture ratio according to the viewing distance, the control method further includes:
the backlight adjusting module adjusts backlight brightness according to the aperture ratio and controls the backlight module according to the backlight brightness.
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