CN114486833A - Single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots - Google Patents
Single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots Download PDFInfo
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- CN114486833A CN114486833A CN202210093240.5A CN202210093240A CN114486833A CN 114486833 A CN114486833 A CN 114486833A CN 202210093240 A CN202210093240 A CN 202210093240A CN 114486833 A CN114486833 A CN 114486833A
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- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium neon Chemical compound [He].[Ne] CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001748 luminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6489—Photoluminescence of semiconductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3825—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres with an intermediate part, e.g. adapter, receptacle, linking two plugs
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots, which comprises: the helium-neon laser is used for emitting pump light, and the pump light enters the single-mode optical fiber for coupling and output after being filtered by the narrow-line optical filter and focused by the optical fiber collimator; the Y-shaped fusion optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer is used for guiding the pump light into the semiconductor quantum dot sample to be excited to generate a single quantum fluorescent signal; the optical fiber collimator is used for converting the optical signal into parallel fluorescence; the filter set is used for filtering non-single photon signals in the parallel fluorescence to obtain narrow-spectrum-line single photon signals; and the grating spectrometer is used for detecting and analyzing the single photon signals focused by the optical fiber collimator. The invention can obtain a single photon signal with narrow spectral line and high purity, and can realize the preparation of a single photon source system by using fewer devices and simple light paths, thereby effectively relieving the problems of complex light path, high cost and large volume of the single photon source system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor quantum light sources, in particular to a single photon excitation, light filtering and collection system based on semiconductor quantum dots.
Background
The single photon source is a light source capable of generating quantum state optical signals, and has important application prospects in the aspects of optical calibration, quantum communication, quantum measurement, quantum calculation and the like. The development of the optical quantum technology at present puts higher requirements on the width and purity of a single photon source spectral line. In recent years, the development of optical excitation technology and the progress of microcavity processing technology greatly improve the quality of a semiconductor quantum dot single photon source, but the popularization of a single photon source system always has some difficulties: complex light path, high cost, large volume and the like. And the grating monochromator which is commonly used for filtering light in the prior art has the problems of large volume, low light splitting and receiving efficiency, large loss and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots, so that single photon signals with narrow spectral lines and high purity can be obtained, and meanwhile, the preparation of the single photon source system can be realized by using fewer devices and simple light paths, so that the problems of complex light paths, high cost and large volume of the single photon source system can be effectively solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots, which is characterized by sequentially comprising the following components: the system comprises a helium-neon laser, a narrow-line optical filter, an optical fiber collimator, a single-mode optical fiber, a first flange adapter, a Y-shaped fused optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, a second flange adapter, a semiconductor quantum dot sample, a refrigeration platform, a first optical fiber collimator, an optical filter group, a second optical fiber collimator, a multimode optical fiber and a grating spectrometer;
the pump light emitted by the helium-neon laser enters the single-mode optical fiber for coupling output after being filtered by the narrow-line optical filter and focused by the optical fiber collimator;
the single-mode fiber is connected with the input end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer through the first flange adapter, and the collinear end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a semiconductor quantum dot sample stored on a refrigeration platform in a low-temperature environment through the second flange adapter, so that the pump light is guided into the semiconductor quantum dot sample and is excited to generate a single quantum fluorescent signal;
the output end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first fiber collimator and is used for converting the single quantum dot fluorescent signals into parallel fluorescent signals;
the filter set filters non-single photon signals in the parallel fluorescent signals, so that narrow-spectrum-line single photon signals are obtained;
the second optical fiber collimator focuses the narrow-spectrum single-photon signals and then collects the narrow-spectrum single-photon signals into the multimode optical fiber;
the grating spectrometer is connected with the multimode optical fiber and is used for observing and analyzing the single quantum fluorescence signals in the multimode optical fiber in real time.
The single photon source system based on the semiconductor quantum dots is also characterized in that a relational expression between the luminous peak position of the semiconductor quantum dots excited by the semiconductor quantum dot sample and the size of the quantum dots is established by using the expression (1):
in the formula (1), E (R) is the lowest excitation energy of the semiconductor quantum dots, E0Is the ground state energy of the semiconductor quantum dot, R is the radius of the semiconductor quantum dot, and A is a constant.
When the spectral peak position of the semiconductor quantum dot sample corresponds to the exciton energy, the relation between the energy band gap of the semiconductor quantum dot sample and the temperature change is established by using the formula (2):
Eg(T)＝Eg(0)-[αT2/(T+β)] (2)
in the formula (2), T is temperature, Eg(0) Shows the forbidden band width at 0K, Eg(T) represents a forbidden band width at a temperature T, and α and β are two temperature coefficients.
The filter set comprises a long-pass filter and a narrow-band filter, the long-pass filter is used for filtering background light, and the narrow-band filter is used for filtering single photon signals of a selected waveband.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can efficiently filter out single photon spectral lines from quantum dot fluorescence spectra, has small system volume, simple light path and can be assembled, thereby relieving the problems of complicated light path, high cost and large volume in the non-homological field in the prior art to a certain extent.
2. The grating spectrometer can observe the filtering effect in real time, adjusts the filtering by using and precisely adjusting the inclination angle of the narrow-band filter, has simple operation and higher light receiving efficiency, and effectively avoids the problem of large target optical signal loss in dispersion filtering by using a grating monochromator.
3. The spatial filtering light path adopts single-mode fiber input and multi-mode fiber output, the single-mode fiber has perfect Gaussian beam and small numerical aperture, and the multi-mode fiber has large core diameter and large numerical aperture, so that the fluorescence can be efficiently collected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dot samples according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a single exciton state luminescence spectrum of InAs single quantum dot obtained by the present invention;
reference numbers in the figures: the device comprises a 1-helium-neon laser, a 2-narrow line optical filter, a 3-optical fiber collimator, a 4-single mode optical fiber, a 5-first flange adapter, a 6-Y type fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer, a 5 '-second flange adapter, a 7-semiconductor quantum dot sample, an 8-refrigeration platform, a 9-first optical fiber collimator, a 10-long pass optical filter, an 11-narrow band optical filter, a 9' second optical fiber collimator, a-12-multimode optical fiber and a 13-grating spectrometer.
Detailed Description
In the present embodiment, a single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots is shown in fig. 1. Sequentially comprises the following steps: the system comprises a helium-neon laser 1, a narrow-line optical filter 2, an optical fiber collimator 3, a single-mode optical fiber 4, a first flange adapter 5, a Y-shaped fused optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 6, a second flange adapter 5', a semiconductor quantum dot sample 7, a refrigeration platform 8, a first optical fiber collimator 9, an optical filter set, a second optical fiber collimator 9', a multimode optical fiber 12 and a grating spectrometer 13;
pumping light emitted by the helium-neon laser 1 enters a single-mode fiber 4 for coupling output after being filtered by a 630nm narrow-line optical filter 2 and focused by a fiber collimator 3, and Gaussian circular light spots are generated and used for spatially resolving and exciting single quantum dots;
the size of the pumping light excitation power can influence the shape of the quantum dot ensemble fluorescence spectrum, and the shape is represented by an S energy level rate equation:
in the formula (1), NSAnd N2DRespectively the S energy level and the population number tau in the two-dimensional structure of the quantum wellsAnd τ2DThe exciton life time of the S energy level and the time for scattering electrons in the two-dimensional electron gas to the quantum dot are respectively, the first item on the right side is a spontaneous emission item, the second item represents the capture rate of the quantum dot to a carrier, and the luminous peak of the semiconductor quantum dot and a low-order shell layer is determined by the size of excitation power;
the single-mode fiber 4 is connected with the input end of a Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer 6 through a first flange adapter 5, the collinear end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer 6 is connected with a semiconductor quantum dot sample 7 stored on a refrigeration platform 8 in a low-temperature environment through a second flange adapter 5', and therefore pumping light is guided into the semiconductor quantum dot sample 7 and excited to generate a single quantum fluorescent signal;
in this embodiment, the semiconductor quantum dot sample 7 is an InAs quantum dot sample, and needs to be cooled by the refrigeration platform 8, and when the spectral peak position of the semiconductor quantum dot sample 7 corresponds to the exciton energy, the relational expression between the energy band gap of the semiconductor quantum dot sample 7 and the temperature change is established by using the expression (2):
Eg(T)＝Eg(0)-[αT2/(T+β)] (2)
in the formula (2), T is temperature, Eg(0) Shows the forbidden band width at 0K, Eg(T) represents a forbidden band width at a temperature T, and α and β are two temperature coefficients.
The Y-type fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer 6 is formed by fusing 650nm/980nmY type fused fiber based on single mode fibers, the output end of the Y-type fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first fiber collimator 9 and used for leading 632.8nm waveband pump laser signals into the InAs quantum dot sample 7 and leading out fluorescence signals containing target single quantum dots to be converted into free space parallel fluorescence signals, and the high-efficiency leading-in of 632.8nm waveband pump laser and the high-efficiency leading-out of optical signals containing single quantum dot fluorescence are guaranteed. The connection between the optical fibers adopts flange adapters; the device adopts a free space light filtering path, the adjustment of the optical fiber collimator 9 is simple, and the coupling is high-efficient;
the refrigerated platform 8 provides a cryogenic environment using a 77K liquid nitrogen tank, a 10K helium cryostat or a MicrostatHires2 continuous flow cryostat, etc.
The filter set filters out non-single photon signals in the parallel fluorescent signals and filters out single exciton state spectrum single line, so that narrow-spectrum line single photon signals are obtained; for single photon emission.
In specific implementation, the filter set and the optical fiber are wrapped by black cloth to reduce the influence of ambient light; the filter set comprises a 900nm long-pass filter 10 and a 920nm narrow-band filter 11 which are sequentially arranged, and the 900nm long-pass filter 10 is used for filtering background light with the wavelength less than 900 nm; the 920nm narrow band filter 11 is a dielectric film interference type filter, and the optical path difference of coherent interference can be reduced by adjusting the inclination angle of the filter. The single photon signal filtering device is used for filtering out the single photon signal of the selected waveband, so that the single photon signal with the wavelength of 920nm is obtained.
The adopted 920nm narrow-band filter 11 replaces the commonly used grating monochromator for filtering so as to avoid grating multi-level diffraction loss and reduce the optical path difference of coherent interference by adjusting the inclination angle of the grating multi-level diffraction loss. And in the process of accurately adjusting the inclination angle of the 920nm narrowband filter 11 to filter out single photon spectral lines, the multimode optical fiber 12 is always connected with the grating spectrometer 13, and the inclination angle of the 920nm narrowband filter 11 is adjusted by observing fluorescence spectrum.
The second optical fiber collimator 9' focuses the narrow-spectrum single-photon signals and then collects the focused narrow-spectrum single-photon signals into the multimode optical fiber 12;
as shown in fig. 1, the free space filtering optical path is in an in-out mode, the light beam is not bent, the alignment adjustment of the optical fiber collimators at the two ends is simple, and the adjustment difficulty is reduced.
The input port of the grating spectrometer 13 is a fiber input port extended from the multimode fiber 12, and can be plug and play, and is connected with the multimode fiber 12 for real-time observation and analysis of a single-quantum fluorescence signal in the multimode fiber 12, and in the process of accurately adjusting the inclination angle of the 920nm narrowband filter 11 to filter out a single-photon spectral line, the multimode fiber 12 is always connected with the grating spectrometer 13, and the inclination angle of the 920nm narrowband filter 11 is determined by observing a fluorescence spectrum, and the single-photon spectral line is filtered out.
In this embodiment, the light emission position of the spectrum of the quantum dot can be adjusted by the quantum dot size, and therefore a relational expression between the peak position of the light emission of the semiconductor quantum dot excited by the semiconductor quantum dot sample 7 and the quantum dot size is established using expression (1):
in the formula (1), E (R) is the lowest excitation energy of the semiconductor quantum dots, E0Is the ground state energy of the semiconductor quantum dot, R is the radius of the semiconductor quantum dot, and A is a constant. From the formula (1), the quantum dots with spectral distribution in a desired waveband are obtained by controlling the growth conditions of the semiconductor quantum dots. An adopted InAs quantum dot sample grows on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate through a molecular beam epitaxy technology and is embedded into a GaAs/AlAs distributed Bragg reflector Fabry-PetrotF-P plane cavity. The arrayed optical fibers packaged by the quartz V-shaped groove are vertically coupled with an InAs QDs sample wafer. Is arranged inThe cold plate was cooled to emit a very narrow spectrum of exciton states, as shown in FIG. 2, with a wavelength band at 923.1nm and a spectral width of 0.43 nm.
In summary, in this embodiment, a single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots can realize excitation, filtering and collection of single photon signals only by building a relatively simple light path with a small number of devices based on an existing semiconductor quantum dot sample. The problems of light filtering of a grating monochromator and the problems of complex light path, high cost and large volume of a single photon source system are effectively solved.
Claims (4)
1. A single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots is characterized by sequentially comprising: the device comprises a helium neon laser (1), a narrow-line optical filter (2), an optical fiber collimator (3), a single-mode optical fiber (4), a first flange adapter (5), a Y-shaped fused optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (6), a second flange adapter (5'), a semiconductor quantum dot sample (7), a refrigeration platform (8), a first optical fiber collimator (9), an optical filter group, a second optical fiber collimator (9'), a multimode optical fiber (12) and a grating spectrometer (13);
the pump light emitted by the helium-neon laser (1) enters the single-mode optical fiber (4) for coupling output after being filtered by the narrow-line optical filter (2) and focused by the optical fiber collimator (3);
the single-mode fiber (4) is connected with the input end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer (6) through the first flange adapter (5), the collinear end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer (6) is connected with a semiconductor quantum dot sample (7) stored on a refrigeration platform (8) in a low-temperature environment through the second flange adapter (5'), and therefore pumping light is guided into the semiconductor quantum dot sample (7) and excited to generate a single quantum fluorescence signal;
the output end of the Y-shaped fused fiber wavelength division multiplexer (6) is connected with the first fiber collimator (9) and is used for converting the single quantum dot fluorescent signal into a parallel fluorescent signal;
the filter set filters non-single photon signals in the parallel fluorescent signals, so that narrow-spectrum-line single photon signals are obtained;
the second optical fiber collimator (9') focuses the narrow-spectrum single-photon signals and then collects the focused narrow-spectrum single-photon signals into the multimode optical fiber (12);
the grating spectrometer (13) is connected with the multimode optical fiber (12) and is used for observing and analyzing the single quantum fluorescence signals in the multimode optical fiber (12) in real time.
2. A single photon source system based on semiconductor quantum dots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relation between the peak position of the luminescence of the semiconductor quantum dots excited by the semiconductor quantum dot sample (7) and the size of the quantum dots is established by using the following formula (1):
in the formula (1), E (R) is the lowest excitation energy of the semiconductor quantum dots, E0Is the ground state energy of the semiconductor quantum dot, R is the radius of the semiconductor quantum dot, and A is a constant.
3. A semiconductor quantum dot based single photon source system as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the spectral peak position of the semiconductor quantum dot sample (7) corresponds to the exciton energy, the band gap of the semiconductor quantum dot sample (7) is related to the temperature variation by using the formula (2):
Eg(T)＝Eg(0)-[αT2/(T+β)] (2)
in the formula (2), T is temperature, Eg(0) Shows the forbidden band width at 0K, Eg(T) represents a forbidden band width at a temperature T, and α and β are two temperature coefficients.
4. The semiconductor quantum dot based single photon source system according to claim 1, wherein the filter set comprises a long pass filter (10) and a narrow band filter (11), the long pass filter (10) is used for filtering out background light, and the narrow band filter (11) is used for filtering out single photon signals of a selected waveband.
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| CN111089648A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-01 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Optical filtering and second-order correlation degree testing device of optical fiber coupling single photon source |
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| US20090022491A1 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2009-01-22 | Fujitsu Limited | Light collecting device and single-photon generation device |
| CN102768069A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Single-photon spectral counting and imaging system and method for complementary measurement |
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| CN111089648A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-01 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Optical filtering and second-order correlation degree testing device of optical fiber coupling single photon source |
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| Title |
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| 王浩;廖常俊;王金东;刘颂豪;: "量子点单光子源及其制备方法研究进展", 物理学进展, no. 04, 20 December 2005 (2005-12-20) * |
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